(共21张PPT)
一轮复习专项训练-----名词
人教版初中英语
专有名词:表示具体的人名,事物,机构,地名等
如Hong Kong,July,World Trade Center,Spring Festival
普通名词:表示一类人或物
包括:可数名词,不可数名词
可数名词有个体名词和集体名词:pen,toy,dictionary,police,
class等
不可数名词包含物质名词和抽象名词,如coffee,glass,silence等
名词的单复数
名词的复数
1.一般加s,如map-maps,clock-clocks
2.以s,sh,ch,x结尾,加es,如watch-watches,box-boxes
3.以辅音字母+y结尾,变y为i加es,如baby-babies,city-cities
4.以字母o结尾的单词,少数加es,一般加s,如hero-heroes,
tomato-tomatoes,potato-potatoes;piano-pianos,photo-photos,radio-radios
5.以f,fe结尾的单词,变f为ve加s,如leaf-leaves,knife-knives
少数加s,如cliff-cliffs,roof-roofs
名词复数不规则变化
1.child---children foot---feet tooth---teeth mouse---mice man---men woman---women
2.关于man, woman的词
合成词:policeman-policemen businessman-businessmen
非合成词:human-humans German-Germans
复合词:woman doctor---women doctors
3.名词+名词
例如:ping-pong bat--- ping-pong bats
4.名词+介词
例如:passer-by --- passers-by father-in-law --- fathers-in-law
5.过去分词+副词
例如:grown-up --- grown-ups
6.单复数同形
例如:sheep fish deer
7.国家专有名词
例如:不变化:Chinese Japanese Swiss
变化:German---Germans Englishman--- Englishmen Frenchman--- Frenchmen
8.外来词的不规则形式
例如:phenomenon---phenomena/phenomenons
9.集体名词的复数
有些集体名词只有复数形式,同时也表示复数含义;做主语时,谓语动词用复数。
例如:goods clothes trousers shorts glasses socks
Eg: There are two pairs of glasses on the table.
有些集体名词没有形式的变化,但表示复数意义;做主语时,谓语动词用复数。
例如:police people cattle poultry
Eg: Some people like watching talk shows.
10.有些集体名词常以单数形式出现。侧重整体概念,表示单数意义,作主语时谓语动词用单数;若表示多个这样的整体,有复数变化形式,作主语时谓语动词用复数。侧重整体中的成员,表示复数意义,作主语时谓语动词用复数。
例如:class family club army team party crowd audience group public
Eg: His family are having dinner now.
My family is a happy family.
11.同时具有两种复数形式
fish作“鱼的种类”讲时,复数形式是fishes;作“鱼的条数”讲时,单复数同形;作“鱼肉”讲时,为不可数名词,无复数形式。
例如:three fish 三条鱼 three fishes 三种鱼
I’d like some fish. 我想吃些鱼。
people作“人们,人”讲时,是集体名词;作“民族”讲时,复数形式是peoples
例如:some people 一些人 some peoples 一些民族
不可数名词的复数
物质名词的数
物质名词表示泛指的某种物质时是不可数名词,但在表示具体意义或某种特殊含义时作可数名词用,前边可以用不定冠词等修饰,也可以有复数形式。
例如:tea--- a tea一杯茶--- two teas 两杯茶
glass--- a glass 一个玻璃杯
rains 大量的雨水 waters 大片水域 woods 树林
抽象名词的数
抽象名词表示具体事物时可作可数名词,可用a/an修饰,也有复数形式,“表示某种人或事”。
例如:a pity令人感到遗憾的事或人 a success 成功的事
a pleasure 愉快的事 a beauty 美好的事,美人
注意:在一些固定词组中,抽象名词也可用作可数名词。例如:have/take a rest, catch a cold, have a cough.
专有名词一般视作不可数名词,但是在表示具体意义,指“一个/只......”时,也可作可数名词,可用不定冠词修饰,也有复数形式。
Eg: A Sam is looking for a job. 一个叫Sam 的人在找工作。
名词的所有格
-’s所有格
一般情况,在名词词尾加-’s
例如:Kate’s bag
若名词以-s或-es结尾,直接在其后加-’
例如:my students’ books
不以-s结尾的名词复数形式,直接在其后加-’s
例如:women’s skirt children’s toy
两人或多人共有一个人或事物,只变化最后一个名词的词尾;如果是各自拥有,各个名词的词尾都要变化
例如:Lily and Lucy’s room (两人共有一个房间)
Lily’s and Lucy’s rooms (两人分别有一个房间)
表示时间、距离、国家、地点等的名词常用-’s所有格
例如:ten minutes’ walk 10分钟的步行路程
Beijing’s weather 北京的天气 today’s news 今天的新闻
表示某人的店铺、医院、学校、住宅及公共建筑时,-’s所有格后常常不出现它所修饰的名词。
例如:at the doctor’s 在医院 at Tony’s 在唐尼家
表示节日
例如:Teachers’ Day Children’s Day Mother’s Day
of所有格
表示无生命名词的所有关系,例如: the window of the room
名词化的形容词的所有关系用of所有格,
例如:the problems of the disabled
双重所有格
“名词+of+ -’s所有格/名词性物主代词”构成双重所有格。
例如:a photo of mine Some books of Ben’s
注意:of前的名词是picture、photo等时,双重所有格与of所有格表示的含义不同
例如:a picture of my father 我父亲(本人)的一张照片
a picture of my father’s 我父亲(拥有)的一张照片
名词的数量修饰语
表示数量的修饰语
只修饰可数名词
few, a few, many, several, a great/good many of, a number of, a large/great number of
只修饰不可数名词
little, a little, much, a good/great deal of, a bit of
既修饰可数名词又修饰不可数名词
some, a lot of, lots of, plenty of, all, most
学习检测
1._____ mothers can’t go shopping, because they have to clean the houses.
A.Alice and Lily’s B. Alice’s and Lily’s
C. Alice’s and Lily D. Alice and Lily
2.——Excuse me. How far is the post office from here
——It’s about ______ walk.
A.ten minute B. ten minutes C.ten minutes’ D. ten minute’s
3.I’d like _________.
A.two cup of coffee B.two cups of coffees C. two cup of coffees D.two coffees
4.There is _______ news about this movie star in the newspaper. Where can I get some
A.many B. a few C. a lot D. little
5.---Could you give me a few _______ on how to spend the coming summer holiday
---OK. Let me see.
A.hobbies B. knowledge C.suggestions D. information
6.Uncle Wang brought two _____ for me yesterday.
A.bread B. milk C. dictionary D. watches
7.---What would you like to drink, girls
---_______, please.
A.Two glass of water B. Two glass of waters C. Two cups of tea D. Two cups of teas
8.The students didn’t fine much ____ about the topic on that website.
A.report B. article C. information D. story
9.How many ______ are there in the basket
A.potato B. bread C.tomatoes D. egg
10.---What _____ do you have for Daniel
---I think he should study harder than before.
A.news B. advice C. help D. information
11.Some ______ came to our school for a visit that day.
A.Germans B. Germen C. Germany D. Germanies
12.Mary’s skirt is the same as her ______.
A.sister B. brother C. sister’s D. brothers
13.--- ______ fathers didn’t come to the meeting. Why
----Because they have gone to Beijing.
A.Jeff’s and Amy’s B. Jeff and Amy
C. Jeff’s and Amy D.Jeff and Amy’s
14.---How many ______ do you see in the picture
---Three.
A.dog B. child C. sheeps D. sheep
15. Tom is in good health, because he often exercises and eats a lot of healthy ______.
A.food B. water C. pear D. carrot