译林版（2024） 七年级下册 Unit 2 Neighbourhood单元知识点讲义

2024-2025学年七年级英语下册单元知识点
Unit2《Neighbourhood》
Close neighbours are better than distant relatives． (P18)远亲不如近邻。
Welcome to the unit---My neighbourhood(P19)
1．be ready to help others．准备好帮助他人
2．live above us．住在我们楼上above prep．在(或向)．上面adv．在(向) 上面（侧上方） on(两物相互接触的上方)//over(正上方)
反义词：below adv．在(或到) 下面prep．在(或到)．下面（侧下方）//under（正下方）
3．He helps us learn about laws at the community centrefrom time to time．他不时在社区中心帮助我们了解法律知识。
law n．法律,法规;规则obey the law遵守法律//break the law违反法律lawyer n．律师
community n．社区 pl． communities
from time to time偶尔,不时 =sometimes//at times
Reading---Good neighbours(P20-22)
1．What are your neighbours like (P20)你的邻居怎么样 = How do your neighbours look = What do your neighbours look like neighbour n． (AmE neighbor) 邻居
2．Some of them are volunteers． (P20)他们中的一些人是志愿者。//---I'm going to volunteer at the Children's Centre． (P24)我要在儿童中心做志愿工作。// I'll volunteer to help too．(P27)我也自愿帮忙。
volunteer n．志愿者 -eer表示“与…有关的人”、“从事…的人”;表示“与…有关”、“从事” 如：engineer n．工程师pioneer n．先锋, 开拓者
vi．&vt．自愿做，义务做, 无偿做如：Amy volunteers to help the old do some cleaning．
3．They help us with all kinds of problems． (P20) 他们帮助我们解决各种各样的问题。//
Can anyone there help kids with their homework (P20)那里有人能辅导孩子们做作业吗
help sb． with sth．帮助某人某事// all kinds of…各种各样的……// anyonepron．(= anybody)用于一般疑问句和否定句时译为 “有人”，用于肯定句时译为“任何人”。
4．They have a "helping hands" meeting at the weekend． (P20)他们周末有一个“援助之手”会议。
have a meeting开会 "helping hands"援助之手如：have a parents’ meeting 开家长会
washing machine//shopping list//sleeping bag//living room//swimming pool…
5．Are you going to ask for help this weekend (P20)这个周末你会找人帮忙吗 //
I'm going to ask a computer engineer to check it．(P20)我要请电脑工程师检查一下。//
Simon wants to ask someone to fix his bicycle this weekend． (P21)
西蒙这个周末想找人修他的自行车。
be going to用来谈论即将发生的事情。如：What are you going to do this Sunday
ask for help寻求帮助；求助；请求帮助。She is always asking for money．她老是要钱。
ask sb． (not) to do sth．He asked to stay with us．// She asked me (not) to post the letters．
6．There's something wrong with my laptop． (page 20, lines 10-11) 我的笔记本电脑出故障了。
句型there is something wrong with相当于something is wrong with,意思是“……不正常”。若想表达“……没问题”,可以用there is nothing wrong with。如:
There is something wrong with my camera．我的相机出了故障。
= Something is wrong with my camera．= My laptop is broken．
There is nothing wrong with this idea．这个想法没有问题。
= Nothing is wrong with this idea．
7． My sister Annie's bicycle is broken, so she's going to have someone repair it． (P20)
我姐姐安妮的自行车坏了，所以她要请人来修。
=There's something wrong with my sister Annie's bicycle．
=Something is wrong with my sister Annie's bicycle．
be going to用来谈论即将发生的事情。
have someone do sth．让某人做某事；叫某人做某事；如: I'll have you know．我会让你知道的。
拓展：have sb． do//have sb． /sth． to do// have sb． done sth． // have sb． doing sth．
1)．have sb． dosth．意思是“让某人做……”，强调一次性的动作。其中的have为使役动词，意思是“使，让”，do是不带to的不定式，作宾语补足语。表示这件事情还没有发生，即将去做，但是还没有做。如：
His mother has him stay at home on school nights．他妈妈让他在上学日的晚上呆在家里。
2)．have sb．/sth． to dosth．意思是“有……要做”，其中的have为行为动词，意思是“有”，to do是充当后置定语，修饰sb．或sth。如：
I have much homework to do this summer vacation．今年暑假，我有很多作业要做
As a reporter, he has many people to talk with every day．作为一名记者，他每天都要和很多人交流。
3)．have sb． done sth．意思是『让某人完成某事』表示某人已经做完某件事情，强调的是动作已经完成。重点在于结果，强调动作的完成状态。它的基本结构是"have + 宾语（某事）+ 过去分词（done）"。如：
I had my car fixed．我让我的车被修好了。
She had the leaky faucet fixed．她让漏水的水龙头被修好了。
I have had my car serviced．我已经让我的车保养过了。
4)．have sb． doing sth．是指让某人一直做某事，强调动作的持续性、连续性或者动作的反复性。
表示某人正在做某件事情，强调的是动作正在进行。如：
I have my assistant preparing the presentation for tomorrow's meeting．我让我的助手正在准备明天会议的演示文稿。
repair/fix/mend
1)．repair：“修理”的对象着重于破损、毁坏或发生故障不能正常使用的物体。例如：
When I got home, my brother was repairing his radio．当我到家的时候,哥哥正在修理收音机。
2)．fix：用于需要重新“调”物体的结构,把松散的部件固定结实,将分离的物体各部分装配起来。例如：Please fix a lid on the box．请给这盒子装上盖子。
3)．mend：“修理”的对象是一些琐碎的物品．如粘贴的小用具、玩具,要缝补的衣物等。例如：
　My kite is broken． Can you mend it 　我的风筝坏了,你能修吗
8．Some college students are willing to help． (P20)一些大学生愿意帮忙。// College students help the children do sport at the community centre．大学生在社区中心帮助孩子们做运动。
college n．学院;<美>大学 go to college 上大学
be willing to do sth乐意做某事 Amy is willing to help Daniel with his English．
help sb．(to)do sth．do sport做运动
9．Do the old people get any help as well (page20, lines 19-20) 老人也会得到帮助吗 //
Volunteers also help the old people．志愿者也帮助老年人。
any用于一般疑问句和否定句。如：Amy doesn’t have any friends．
短语 as well 意思是“也, 还, 除……之外”。如:
Simon will go to the library tomorrow as well．西蒙明天也将去图书馆。
拓展：as well/too/also/either
1)．as well常用于肯定句中，总是放在句末，但是前面不用“，”。如：
For breakfast, she has bread and milk, and I have them as well．早餐，他吃了面包和牛奶，我也是。
as well可以放在句中，表示“也好，也行，倒不如”，表示缓和语气。
The rain was so strong that we might (just) as well have stayed at home．雨下得这么大，我们还不如呆在家里的好。
“as well”可以跟“just”连用，表示“幸亏、无妨、没关系”。如：
-- We were too late to see the film．我们去得太晚了，没有看上电影。
-- It's just as well． I hear it isn't very good．没关系。我听说它也不是很好看。
此时，“It's just as well”可以省略为“Just as well”，直接用就可以了。
as well as用于列举一系列事物时，表示“还有．．以及．…” 如:
He is good at playing soccer as well as basketball．
2)．too常放在肯定句句末，前也必须有“，”把它和前面的句子分开。如：
My father can draw pictures well, me too．我爸爸画的画好，我也是。
“too”可以紧跟在主语后面，表示强调。但其前后要用逗号隔开。as well没有这个用法，不能前置表强调。如：I, too, know where he's going．我也知道他去哪里。
在Me too, You too这类简略答语中,通常不用 as well或also。如：
A：I’m tired．我累了。 B：Me too．我也是。
3)．also 一般放在肯定句中，位置是在be动词、情态动词和助动词之后，实义动词之前，有时为了强调，也可以放在句首。如：
He is also a good and healthy boy．他也是一个既善良又健康的男孩。
Also, you must come to my home, of course．当然，你也必须来我家。
4)．either常用于否定句和疑问句中，前必须有“，”，把它和前面的内容分开。如：
Why don't you play tennis with your sister, either 为什么你也不和你的姐姐打网球呢？
需要注意的是，当两个句子组成的并列句时:
★前面肯定，后面否定的话，后面要用“too”或者“also”。
He came, but his wife didn't also came．他来，但是他的妻子没有一起来。
She likes dancing, but does not like singing too．她喜欢跳舞，但不喜欢唱歌。
★前面否定，后面也否定时，后面用“either”。
She doesn't like dancing, and doesn't like singing, either．
比较：
He didn’t buy a computer, and she didn’t either．他没买电脑,她也没买。
He bought a computer, but she didn’t too．他买了台电脑,但她没有也买台电脑。
10．The volunteers often visit the old people and do some shopping for them． (page20,lines 21-22)
志愿者经常去探望老人,并为他们采购些物品。
短语 do some shopping 意思是“买东西,购物”。短语结构“do+ some/the + verb- ing”常用来泛指做某类事情。类似的短语还有:
do some/the cleaning打扫卫生do some/the reading 读书
11．This weekend, they'll help the old people tidy their flats． (P20)这个周末，他们将帮助老人整理他们的公寓。
they'll= they will; 用will来谈论即将发生的事情。如:
I will arrive early for the meeting tomorrow．明天的会议我会早到的。
tidy vt．& vi．使整洁,整理tidy up整理；收拾tidy it/them up 如：
You need to tidy up your bed．你要把你的床整理一下。
Be sure to tidy it up before going out．出去之前一定要把它收拾一下。
12．You're lucky to live in such a nice neighbourhood, Simon． (P20)你很幸运住在这么好的社区里。= It’s lucky of you to live in such a nice neighbourhood, Simon．
such det．&pron．如此;这样的 She is such a clever girl．= She is so clever a girl．
拓展：such/so
1)．当修饰单数可数名词时，单数名词前有不定冠词与形容词时，so和such的位置不同。
so+形容词+a/an+名词= such+ a/an+形容词+名词。如：
She is so clever a girl．=She is such a clever girl．她真是个聪明的孩子。
I have no such book．=I don’t have such a book．= I haven’t such a book．
2)．当修饰复数可数名词或不可数名词时一般只能用such。如：
such beautiful flowers//such delicious orange juice
3)．当复数名词或集合名词之前有few，many;不可数名词之前有little，much修饰时，用so，如: so many people // so few days//so much money // so little time等。
注意:上述词组中的so实际上修饰名词前的形容词。比较下列两句:
I have met many such people in my life．
I didn’t expect to meet so many people there．
上述两句中都有many，但却分别用了such和so，其位置不同，因此含义也不同。在①中，many和such同时修饰后面的名词;而②句中的so修饰的则是many。
13．One of the volunteers is a computer engineer． (P21)其中一个志愿者是一位电脑工程师。
one of +可数名词复数或人称代词宾格，表示“……中的一个”；one of短语做主语，谓语动词用单数。如：One of us is from Nanjing． One of my friends likes collecting stamps．
14．Do you have any free time (P22)你有空吗？free time空闲时间
15．Are you willing to help others (P22) 你愿意帮助别人吗
be willing to do sth乐意做某事 Amy is willing to play the piano on Sundays．
16．Why not be a volunteer at our community centre (P22)为什么不在我们的社区中心做志愿者呢
Why not do sth． = Why don’t you do sth． 为什么不做……
Why not get up early = Why don’t you get up early
17．There are many ways to help! (P22) (社区中心)有很多帮助(别人)的方法。
动词不定式to help作定语修饰名词ways。如：I have much homework to do．
18．Join us and give back to our community．(P22)加入我们，回馈我们的社区。
祈使句。give back to“归还给，送回给；回馈”。如：
They decided to give it back to its owner．他们决定把它归还原主。
The holiday gave him back his good spirits．假期使他恢复了愉快的情绪。
拓展：join// join in / take part in /attend
1．)join：指加入某个党派、团体、组织等，并成为其中一员。如：
join the Army/the Party/the League参军/入党/参团。
2．)join in:多指参加小规模的活动如“游戏、比赛”, 多用于口语。如：
Jack can join in this speech activity．杰克可以参军这次的演讲活动。
3．)take part in:指参加会议或群众性活动，着重说明主语参加该项活动并在活动中发挥积极作用。常用句型为：take an active part in 积极参加……如：
Tim took part in this activity and helped each other positively．提米参加了这次活动而且积极帮助他人。
4．)attend: attend为正式用语，常指参加会议，婚礼，葬礼，典礼，去上课，上学，听报告等。如：Don't worry． I will attend the important meeting on time．别担心，我会准时参加这项重要的会议的。
19．Let's keep it looking nice． (P22)让我们保持它的美丽。
keep sth． doing sth．继续保持做某事。keep the water tasting sweet．
20．Can you join us to clean up the park in our community this Saturday morning (P22)
这个星期六上午你能和我们一起打扫我们社区的公园吗
clean up清理；整治；如：I have to clean up the mess while you are sleeping！
21．Please email us to be a part of our team． (P22)请发电子邮件给我们，成为我们团队的一员。
email vt．给…发电子邮件；用电子邮件发送；n．电子邮件（系统）；电子邮件；adj．电子邮件的；如：by e-mail 通过电子邮件//to send an e-mail发送电子邮件//to e-mail sth． to sb．通过电子邮件给某人发送。
22．We are happy to have you with us any time． (P22)我们很高兴你能随时加入我们。
any timeadv．在任何时候 You can come any time．
23．What kind of volunteer work can you do in your neighbourhood (P22)
你能在你的社区做什么样的志愿者工作 volunteer work志愿者工作
24．What do you think makes a neighbourhood a good place to live in (P22)
你认为是什么让一个社区成为一个适合居住的地方
动词不定式to live in作后置定语修饰名词place。如：There are many ways to help!
a good place to have fun一个玩乐的好地方
do you think插入语，What是疑问代词作主语看作三单，如：
What makes your friends so special
Grammar(P23-24)
A Simple future tense with will(P23)
1．Don't worry, Mum．妈妈，不用担心。
Don't worry．= Don't be worried．
Don't worry about Amy．= Don't be worried about Amy．
2．I'll take an umbrella with me．我会随身带把伞。an exchange student from the UK．
an unusual day// a usual day//an honest boy…etc
3．First, we'll pick up the rubbish in the park．首先，我们要在公园里捡拾垃圾。
pick up捡起,拾起pick it/them up
pick up a book．捡起一本书//picked up the broken pieces of glass．拾起玻璃碎片
rubbish/litter
1)．rubbish：n．普通用词，指任何成堆的、破损的、用过的或无用的东西，尤指弃掉的垃圾堆。如：The rubbish is then carted away for recycling．垃圾接着被运去作回收处理。
n．废话，无聊的想法；如：The book is all rubbish．这本书全是胡扯。
Stop talking rubbish and get out of here．别再废话了,滚出去吧。
v．抨击，贬低。如：Don’t rubbish their ideas．
2)．litter：n．指四下乱丢物品的总称，尤指散落于地，有碍观瞻的废物，例如纸屑等。如：You
mustn’t drop litter in the park． //After the picnic, there's litter all over the ground．野餐结束后，满地都是垃圾。
v．乱丢杂物。如：Please do not litter．请不要随手乱丢垃圾。
4．---Will you work if it rains ---No, we won’t．---如果天下雨你们还工作吗？---不，我们就不工作了。if conj．如果(主将从现) if引导的句子视为从句，谓语动词常用一般现在时；主句常用一般将来时态。如：If you are free tomorrow, we will visit the museum together．
B Simple future tense with be going to(P24)
1．But why are you in a hurry 但你为什么这么匆忙？
in a hurry匆忙=hurriedly hurry n．& v．急忙，匆忙; hurried/hurried 如：
They hurried to get to the restaurant．
= They got to the restaurant in a hurry．
= They got to the restaurant hurriedly．
2．I'm going to be late．我要迟到了。I'm= I am be going to表示将来 be late for school//class// be late for a meeting
3．Look! The bus is coming!看！公交车来了。动词come的现在进行时表示将来时。如：
My mother is coming to visit me next week and is staying here until May．类似用法还有：
They're leaving for Beijing．他们即将前往北京。
4．Are you going to take anything else 你要其它一些带别的东西吗？
anything pron．任何事物；作主语时谓语动词须用单数形式。如：Anything goes well．
else adv．另外；其他；与不定代词连用时，放在这些词的后面。如：
Would you like something else to drink 你还要喝点别的什么吗？
5．I am going to invite my friend Bill．我要邀请我的朋友比尔。(P24)
invite意为“邀请”，是及物动词。invite sb． to do sth． “邀请某人做某事”/invite sb． to a place “邀请某人去某地” 。
Who are you going to invite to come to your birthday party
你打算邀请谁来参加你的生日聚会啊？
You can invite him to the coffee shop．你可以邀请他去咖啡馆。
6．He can share his stories with us．他会和我们分享他的故事。
share sth． with sb．和某人分享某事。Can you share the room with me
Pronunciation---Linking sounds(P25)
Part B
1．My neighbour is caring and kind． 我的邻居既关心人又善良。
caring adj．关心的；细心的;关怀的; care n．& v． take care of…照顾、照料//care about关心、在乎、担心//care for照顾、照料、喜欢。He's a lovely boy, very helpful and caring．他是个可爱的男孩，非常乐于助人和关心他人。
Do you care for tea or coffee 你喜欢茶还是咖啡？
Can you take care of this house when the owner is away
Don't you care about anybody 你难道谁也不关心吗？
2．She always says hello． 她总是打招呼。say hello//sorry//goodbye//Good morning… to sb．
3．She helps anyone in need．她帮助任何需要帮助的人。anyone用在肯定句中译为“任何人”。介词短语in need作定语修饰代词anyone。
4．She talks to me when I'm sad． 当我难过的时候，她会和我说话。talk to sb．和某人说话
talk to sb． about sth．和某人谈论某事。The teacher often talks to your parent about your study．
when引导的从句用一般现在时。如：
What are you going to do when you grow up
5．Then I don't feel so alone．这样我就不觉得那么孤单了。
alone adj．独自，单独lonelyadj．孤独的，寂寞的；荒凉的，偏僻的
The old man lives alone, but he never feels lonely．
a lonely man//island//village at home alone独自在家
so副词修饰形容词alone。
6．She makes soup for the old． 她为老人煲汤。the old老年人。定冠词the +adj．代表一类人，作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。如：The weak, like the strong, have their own place in the world．
7．She's a true friend indeed． 她确实是一个真正的朋友。
trueadj． -- truly(adv．)—truth(n．) // true与real的区别：
true强调与事实和实际情况相符，与“假”相对; 还表示“正确的”,real没有这种用法。
real作形容词，表示“真的、真实的”，指的是客观存在，与“无”相对。
The old woman told me a true story．
I am truly sorry for being late for the meeting．
To tell you the truth, Joy broke the vase．
We often see such things in real life．
indeed adv．真正地,确实,实在; 如：
A friend in need is a friend indeed．患难见真情。//患难之交才是真正的朋友。
Integration---Helping each other(P26-28)
Part A
1．We are going to have a "helping hands" meeting at the community centreon the afternoon of 5 March．我们将于3月5日下午在社区中心举行一次“援助之手”会议。
注意介词的用法。
2．Do you have any problems 你有什么问题吗 // Do you have a problem with your washing machine 你的洗衣机有问题吗 washing machine n．洗衣机
no problem没问题
have problems with sth． / have a problem with sth．在某方面有困难；接名词，指客观上存在的、难以处理或难以理解的问题。// have problems (in) doing sth．做某事有困难；接名词或者动名词,介词in可以省略。如：
Another may have problems with reading or writing．其他可能在读或写方面存在问题。
I have some problems in finding the answer to the question．我无法找出这个问题的答案。
3．Please look at the information below．请看下面的信息。information n．信息，消息〖UC〗
below adv．在(或到) 下面prep．在(或到)．下面（侧下方） under（正下方）
4．Do you have a fever or a sore throat 你发烧或喉咙痛吗
fever n．发烧;狂热 have a high fever发高烧//catch a bad cold患重感冒//cough a lot/heavily咳嗽得厉害
5．Are you having trouble sleeping 你有睡眠困难吗
trouble n．问题,困难;麻烦vt．麻烦;折磨;使烦恼 Don’t trouble trouble until trouble troubles you．不要自寻烦恼。// 不要自找麻烦。
have trouble with sth：某事有困难。// have trouble (in) doing sth：做某事有困难。如：
I always have trouble with jet lag．我总是有时差反应。
He had no trouble spelling the word．他拼写这个单词没有困难。
6．They will make you feel better! 他们会让你感觉好些的!
make sb． do sth． feel +adj． better是good的比较级。
7．Is there anything wrong with your fridge 你的冰箱有问题吗
Is there anything wrong with… ……有问题吗 如:
Is there anything wrong with your hands
8．Our engineers are here to help you deal with these problems! (page 26, Part A)
我们的工程师会在这里帮助你们处理这些问题!
短语 deal with的意思是“解决,处理,应付”。如:
He is good at dealing with this kind of problem．他善于处理这类问题。
动词不定式to help you deal with these problems在句中作目的状语。
9．Are you wondering what to wear to a party Are you worrying about how to design your home
(page 26, Part A)你在考虑该穿什么去参加聚会吗 你在为怎样设计你的家而烦恼吗
句中 what to wear to a party 和 how to design your home是“疑问词+动词不定式”结构,充当wonder和 worry about的宾语。该结构中的疑问词还可用when, where． which 等。如:
I don't know what to do next．我不知道下一步做什么。
He can't decide which to buy．他无法决定买哪一个。
10．They will be able to give you some ideas! 他们会给你一些建议的!
able adj．能够 be able to do sth．=can do sth． unable adj．不能的，不会的n． ability能力
Amy is able to play the piano well．= Amy can play the piano well．
Millie was unable to swim when she was seven．= Millie could not swim when she was seven．
Some families are not even able topay for pens and notebooks．
People have different abilities．
be able to用于将来时或情态动词之后不能用can替换。如：
Will you be able to come
You must be able to speak French for this job．对于这份工作，你必须会说法语。
give you some ideas= give some ideas to you
Part C
11．I'm going to take photos of the event, and I'll post them on the book club's website．我要拍下这次活动的照片，然后把它们贴在读书俱乐部的网站上。
take photos拍照；post vt．发布;邮寄n．(网上发布的)帖子,博文; 邮件
Part D2
12．Today, I'd like to share with you my idea for helping our community．今天，我想和大家分享一下我对帮助我们社区的想法。
I'd(=I would) like to share with you my idea for ．．．我想和你分享我对…的想法。
13．I want to organize an activity--"Collect and Share"．我想组织一个活动---“收集和分享”。
organize vt． (= organise)组织;安排organization n．组织如：
It's the first time farmers have decided to organize．这是农场主首次决定组织起来。
They have established a student organization．他们建立了一个学生组织。
14．Let's collect old things from the neighbourhood and give them a new life．让我们收集邻居的旧东西，给它们一个新的生命。// We'll clean them and then give them to children in need．我们会把它们清洗干净，然后把它们送给需要的孩子。
give them a new life =give a new life to them//give them to children in need≠give children in need them(当直接宾语为代词宾格时不能用这种写法。)
15．First, we can give away some of our old books． (page28,Part D2) 首先,我们可以捐赠一些我们的旧书。短语give away 意思是“赠送”。如:
He gave away most of his money to this school．他把他的大部分钱捐赠给了这所学校。
16． We'll sell them to raise money for plants and flowers in our community garden． (page 28,Part D2)
我们将出售它们(旧衣服)来为我们社区花园里的绿植和花卉筹集资金。
句中 to raise money for是动词不定式充当目的状语,说明sell them 的目的。
raise money for筹款 The students are raising money for a sick girl．
17．Let's work together to make our community a better place! 让我们一起努力，让我们的社区变得更美好!
to make our community a better place是动词不定式充当目的状语,说明work together的目的。
better是good的比较级。如：They will make you feel better! 他们会让你感觉好些的!