(共43张PPT)
（人教新目标版）八下英语
Period 3 Section A 4a-4c
Unit 2
I’ll help to clean up the city parks.
Learning objectives
Teaching aims（教学目标）
1. Talk about volunteer work
2. Offer help
Grammar points（语言点）
1. Infinitives as object, object complement and adverbial
2. Modal verb could for suggestions
3. Phrasal verb
raise
v. 募集；征集
We are raising money for children in need.
我们正在为有需要的儿童筹集资金。
New words
midnight
n. 午夜；子夜
They had to leave at midnight.
他们不得不在午夜离开。
New words
alone
adv. 独自；单独
I don't like going out alone at night.我不喜欢晚上一个人出去。
New words
Observe and learn
动词不定式(infinitive) 是非谓语动词的一种形式，通常由"to+动词原形"构成。其中to是动词不定式符号，有些情况下可以省略。
Lead in
1. would like to do … 2. ask sb. to do …
3. let sb. do … 4. volunteer… to do
5. help sb. (to) do … 6. learn to do …
7. decide to do … 8. make … to do
划线部分使用了哪些句型呢？
Lead in
这些动词不定式在句中做什么成分呢？
本节课将着重学习动词不定式作宾语、宾语补足语及目的状语的用法。
动词不定式作宾语
动词不定式作宾语补足语
动词不定式作目的状语
Lead in
Infinitives as object, object complement
and adverbial
Presentation
② We should learn to deal with
these problem.
① My sister wants to be a teacher.
我们应该学会处理这些问题。
我姐姐想当一名教师。
动词不定式常在动词后作宾语。这类动词有learn, want, decide, like, try, agree, start, forget, hope等。这类动词均属于及物动词，表明想要、计划或希望要做(或发生)的事。
③ Tina has decided to sell her car.
④ He tried not to be late for the
meeting.
他争取开会不迟到。
缇娜已经决定了要卖掉她的车。
否定形式为not to+动词原形。
Presentation
We often use "to-infinitives" after these verbs.
agree choose decide hope
learn plan prepare want
like start begin fail
wish try remember forget
Presentation
When life gets rough I like __________ to my dream.
Do you want ________ a snowman or ride our bike around the hall
I don't want _______ you.
to build
to hurt
to hold on
Watch and fill in the blanks.
Presentation
② Mr Han told us not to make too much noise.
韩先生跟我们说过不要制造太多噪音。
① My mum asks me to play the piano two hours
every day.
我妈妈要求我每天弹琴两小时。
动词不定式可以作宾语补足语，用来补充说明宾语，表示宾语的状态、特征、身份等。
结构为：动词 + 宾语 + 动词不定式
常带不定式作宾补的动词有：allow, choose, ask, tell, warn, order, get, invite, wish, want, encourage等
否定形式为：
动词 + sb. not to do
Presentation
② We helped him (to) fix his bike.
我们帮他修自行车。
① She often helps me (to) do the housework.
她常常帮我做家务。
动词help后面的动词不定式可带to，
也可不带to。
有些动词后接不定式时要将to省略。
这类的动词有哪些呢？
Presentation
接不带to的不定式作宾补的动词 + sb. do sth.
watch
see
look at
observe
notice
let
make
have
feel
listen to
hear
五看
三使
两听
一感觉
② She is running quickly in order to catch the train.
= In order to catch the train, she is running quickly.
为了赶上火车，她跑得很快。
① Dylan trained hard to improve his basketball skills.
= To improve his basketball skills, Dylan trained
hard.
迪伦刻苦训练以提高自己的篮球技能。
动词不定式用作目的状语，表示某一动作或状态的目的 (做某事是为了什么) ，可位于句首也可位于句末。
不定式前面加in order构成 in order to do …，可加强语气或使目的意义更加清楚。
Presentation
② Tell me when to start.
告诉我什么时候开始。
① I can't decide what to do next.
我决定不下来下一步该做什么。
动词不定式可以和what, which, how, where, when等连用。
Presentation
直击中考
1. Our headmaster will invite a scientist ________ us
a speech on space technology.
A. give B. given C. giving D. to give
【2024 云南省】
2. The cartoon movie Chang An shows how important
it is ________ life's problems with a smile.
A. to find B. to check C. to face
【2024 成都市】
Practice
3. Qiqi hopes ________ medicine in Sichuan University.
A. studies B. studying C. to study
【2024 达州市】
4. China has made great efforts ________ other
countries build high-speed railways.
A. help B. to help C. helping D. helped
【2024 扬州市】
Practice
5. It's reported that China plans ______ astronauts
to the moon before 2030.
A. send B. sending C. to send
【2023 福建省】
6. David learnt ______ when he was five.
A. swim B. swims C. swam D. to swim
【2023 天津市】
7. We hope ______ a beautiful home by living a
low-carbon life (低碳生活).
A. build B. building C. to build
【2023 天津市】
Practice
I'd like to/hope to/want to …
1. work outside
2. help homeless people
3. cheer up sick kids
4. help kids with
their schoolwork
You could …
clean up the city parks
give out food at the food bank to help feed them
ask hospitals to let you visit the kids
volunteer in an after-school study program to teach kids
(Section A 1b)
Practice
Modal verb could for suggestions
Presentation
② - I don't know how to solve this math problem.
- You could ask your teacher for help.
—我不知道怎么解这道数学题。
—你可以向老师求助。
① You could help to clean up the parks.
你可以帮忙打扫公园。
could是情态动词，表示客气的建议，意为"可以，不妨" 。
情态动词could表建议
Presentation
Phrasal verb
在英语中，许多动词和介词或副词连用，构成一个固定词组，这个词组可以看作一个整体，这类词组叫作短语动词。
Presentation
Observe and learn
读句子，找出短语动词。
这个单元我们见过哪些短语动词呢？
Presentation
1. clean up
2. cheer up
3. give out
4. come up with
5. have lunch
6. put off
7. write down
打扫（或清除）干净
（使）变得更高兴；
（使）振奋起来
分发；分散
想出；提出（主意、计划、回答等）
吃午饭
推迟
这个单元我们见过的短语动词有：
8. put up
9. hand out
10. call up
11. give up
12. learn about
13. try out (for)
14. go on
张贴
分发
打电话给（某人）；征召
放弃
学习关于……
参加……选拔；试用
进行
写下
Presentation
② The girl could visit the sick kids in the hospital to cheer them up.
① I'll help to clean up the city parks.
1. 这些短语动词由"______ + _______"构成。
短语动词
③ We can't put off making a plan.
⑤ Um .. well ... we could put up signs.
⑥ They'll hand them out after school.
⑦ And we could each call up 10 students and ask them to come.
⑧ Mario Green and Mary Brown from Riverside High School give up
several hours each week to help others.
动词
副词
名词作宾语时，可位于动词与副词中间或副词之后。代词作宾语时，只能位于动词与副词中间。
⑨ The kids are sitting in the library, but you can see in their eyes that
they're going on a different journey with each new book.
④ As we talk, I'll write down all our ideas.
② Hey, we're coming up with a lot of good ideas, aren't
we
① We need to come up with a plan for the City Park
Clean-Up Day.
2. 这些短语动词由"______ + _______+ _______"构成。
③ Last year, she decided to try out for a volunteer
after-school reading program.
动词
副词
介词
这类短语动词相当于及物动词，宾语只能位于介词之后。
Presentation
"It's hard work," he says, "but I want to learn more about how to care for animals.
3. 这些短语动词由"______ + _______"构成。
动词
介词
这类短语动词相当于及物动词，后面必须有宾语，且宾语只能位于介词之后。
Presentation
1. Tina can _________ her bedroom by herself. She
doesn't need her parents' help.
A. get up B. clean up C. cut up
【2024 吉林省】
直击中考
2. - Dad, let's ________ early to do exercise tomorrow
morning.
- OK, no problem.
A. look up B. get up C. give up
【2024 广西】
查找
起床
放弃
起床
清扫
切碎
Practice
4. - Ben, help me ________ the book from the shelf,
will you It's out of my reach.
- With pleasure.
A. take down B. throw away
C. look through D. hand out
【2024 武汉市】
3. The students worked in groups to ________ the
difficult problem in the math class.
A. work out B. turn down
C. cut off D. worry about
【2024 云南省】
取下来
扔掉
浏览
计算出
拒绝
切断
担心
分发
Practice
5. Many think SOS is short for "save our ship", but
it doesn't really ________ anything.
A. look for B. stand for
C. pay for D. try for
【2024 扬州市】
打开
关闭
调高（音量）
寻找
代表
支付
尝试
调低（音量）
Practice
6. To live a green life, we should remember to ______
the lights when we leave a room.
A. turn on B. turn off
C. turn up D. turn down
【2024 连云港市】
1. I want to _______ my plan to work in an
animal hospital until next summer. I'm too
busy with my studies this year.
2. She hopes to _______ at least five primary
schools to ask if they need volunteers for
their after-school programs.
Fill in the blanks with the phrasal verbs in the box.
4a
P12
put up
hand out
call up
cheer up
come up with
give out
put off
put off
call up
Practice
3. Our class is trying to _____________ some
ideas to ________ sick children because
they are often sad.
4. We decided to ______ signs around the
school and _________ notices to tell
students about the book sale. We will
_______ the money from the sale to
homeless people.
P12
put up
hand out
call up
cheer up
come up with
give out
put off
come up with
cheer up
put up
hand out
give out
Practice
Some people today are only worried about getting good jobs ________ lots of money. In their free time, they think about what _______ for fun. However, few people think about what they can do ________ others. There are many people who are less lucky than us. Volunteering our time to help these people is a good way ________ our free time. For example, we can make plans ______ sick
children in the hospital or raise money for homeless people. Some people even stop doing their jobs for a few months to a year ________ to another place, like one of the countries in Africa, and help people there.
Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the verbs in the box.
4b
P12
help move do make visit spend
to make
to do
to help
to spend
to visit
to move
Practice
I'd like to volunteer ________________________________
__________________________________________________
2. At 12:00 midnight, I called my friend __________________
__________________________________________________
3. I'm very busy but I could help ________________________
__________________________________________________
4. Summer vacation is coming, and I want _______________
__________________________________________________
5. I want to travel alone. My parents told me (not) _________
__________________________________________________
Complete the sentences with your own ideas. Use infinitives.
4c
food to the homeless people.
important question.
hours tomorrow.
grandparents in Hunan.
that because I am too young and it is not safe.
at the food bank and help to give out
to ask him an
to paint the house for a few
to visit my
not to do
P12
Practice
① She decided to climb the mountain alone.
② She lives alone and often feels lonely.
alone/lonely
指没有同伴这一客观情况，并没有感彩。
强调心理状态和主观感受，突出感到孤独和寂寞。
alone
lonely
adv. 独自；单独
adj. 孤单的；
寂寞的
她决定独自去爬那座山。
她孑然一身，常感到寂寞。
Language points
- I know Old Joe lives ______.
- We should visit him from time to time. Then he
won't feel ______.
A. alone, alone B. lonely, lonely
C. lonely, alone D. alone, lonely
Language points
1. 动词不定式结构：to + 动词原形，可在句中作宾语、
宾语补足语和状语等。
* 动词不定式的否定形式由"not + 动词不定式"构成。
2. 情态动词could用来表达建议
3. 短语动词 （由动词和介词或副词连用，构成的固定词组）
Summary
1. Can you use infinitives as object, adverbial and
object complement correctly
2. Can you use modal verb could for suggestions
3. Can you use phrasal verbs properly
Self-evaluation
Read an article, then underline the infinitives
and circle phrasal verbs.
Homework
