2023年全国II卷长难句
B
Besides, working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo’s special education students, many of whom have emotional control issues.（23词）
分析：句子主干是working in the garden seems to have....，其中的many of whom引导的是定语从句，whom修饰先行词students。
翻译：此外，在花园里工作似乎对Jaramillo的特殊教育学生有镇静作用，其中许多学生有情绪控制障碍。
C
The image of the reader appears throughout history, in art made long before books as we now know them came into being.（22词）
分析：句子主干是The image of the reader appears throughout history，in art … 作状语，made long before books...came into being为过去分词作后置定语，修饰art，as we now know them为插入语。
翻译：纵观历史，早在我们如今熟知的书籍出现之前很久，就已有展现阅读者形象的艺术作品问世。
In artists’ representations of books and reading, we see moments of shared humanity that go beyond culture and time.（19词）
分析：句子主干是we see moments，that引导的是定语从句，修饰先行词 humanity。
翻译：艺术家呈现书籍和读书的情景，我们看到了超越文化和时间的人类共通的瞬间。
More recently, as books have become inexpensive or even throwaway, artists have used them as the raw material for artworks — transforming covers, pages or even complete volumes into paintings and sculptures.（32词）
分析：句子主干为artists have used them as...，第一个as引导原因状语从句，transforming covers, pages...为动词-ing短语作伴随状语。
翻译：最近，由于书籍变得廉价甚至被随意丢弃，艺术家们已经将它们作为艺术作品的原材料——将书籍的封面、书页甚至整卷书变成绘画和雕塑作品。
And in contrast to our increasingly networked lives where the information we consume is monitored and tracked, a printed book still offers the chance of a wholly private, “off-line” activity.（30词）
分析：句子主干是a printed book offers the chance，where引导的是定语从句。we consume前省略了that/which引导的定语从句。
翻译：在我们日益网络化的生活中，我们所消费的信息被监控和跟踪，与之相反，印刷书籍仍然提供了一个完全私人的、“离线”活动的机会。
D
If you’re lucky, there might be a pocket park near where you live, but it’s unusual to find places in a city that are relatively wild.（26词）
分析：句子主干是there might be a pocket park，if引导的是条件状语从句，where引导的是宾语从句，that引导的是定语从句，修饰先行词places。
翻译：如果你幸运的话，你住的地方附近可能会有一个袖珍公园，但在城市里找到相对野生的地方是罕见的。
They surveyed several hundred park-goers, asking them to submit a written summary online of a meaningful interaction they had with nature in the park.（24词）
分析：句子主干是They surveyed several hundred park-goers，asking them ... nature in the park作伴随状语，伴随状语中they had with nature in the park 是省略了关系代词that/which的定语从句，修饰先行词interaction。
翻译：他们调查了数百名公园游客，要求他们在网上提交一份书面总结，描述一下他们在公园里与大自然进行的一次有意义的互动。
Naming each nature experience creates a usable language, which helps people recognize and take part in the activities that are most satisfying and meaningful to them.（26词）
分析：句子主干是Naming each nature experience creates a usable language，which引导定语从句，指代前面整个句子，该定语从句中又包含另一个定语从句 that are most satisfying and meaningful to them，修饰先行词activities。
翻译：为每种自然体验命名会创造出一种可用的语言，这有助于帮助人们认识并参与到对他们来说最满意和最有意义的活动中。
七选五
You’ll develop that painting muscle memory that only comes with repetition.（11词）
分析：句子主干是You’ll develop that painting muscle memory，第二个that引导的是定语从句，修饰先行词memory。
翻译：你会获得只有通过重复练习才能形成的绘画肌肉记忆。
语法填空
They talk to the flood of international tourists and to visiting Chinese zookeepers who often come to check on the pandas, which are on loan from China.（27词）
分析：句子主干是They talk to A and B，visiting作的是前置定语修饰Chinese zookeepers，who引导的是定语从句，修饰先行词zookeepers，which引导的是定语从句，修饰先行词pandas。
翻译：他们与蜂拥而来的国际游客以及来访的中国动物园管理员交谈，这些动物园管理员会经常来为从中国借来的大熊猫做检查。2023年全国II卷长难句
B
Besides, working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo’s special education students, many of whom have emotional control issues.（23词）
分析：句子主干是 ，其中的many of whom引导的是 ，whom修饰先行词 。
翻译：
C
The image of the reader appears throughout history, in art made long before books as we now know them came into being.（22词）
分析：句子主干是 ，in art...作 ，made long before books...came into being为过去分词作 ，修饰 ，as we now know them为 。
翻译：
In artists’ representations of books and reading, we see moments of shared humanity that go beyond culture and time.（19词）
分析：句子主干是 ，that引导的是 ，修饰先行词 。
翻译：
More recently, as books have become inexpensive or even throwaway, artists have used them as the raw material for artworks — transforming covers, pages or even complete volumes into paintings and sculptures.（32词）
分析：句子主干为 ，第一个as引导 ，transforming covers, pages...为动词-ing短语作 。
翻译：
And in contrast to our increasingly networked lives where the information we consume is monitored and tracked, a printed book still offers the chance of a wholly private, “off-line” activity.（30词）
分析：句子主干是 ，where引导的是 ，we consume前省略了 引导的 。
翻译：
D
If you’re lucky, there might be a pocket park near where you live, but it’s unusual to find places in a city that are relatively wild.（26词）
分析：句子主干是 ，if引导的是 ，where引导的是 ，that引导的是 ，修饰先行词 。
翻译：
They surveyed several hundred park-goers, asking them to submit a written summary online of a meaningful interaction they had with nature in the park.（24词）
分析：句子主干是 ，asking them ... nature in the park作 ，伴随状语中they had with nature in the park 是省略了关系代词 的 ，修饰先行词 。
翻译：
Naming each nature experience creates a usable language, which helps people recognize and take part in the activities that are most satisfying and meaningful to them.（26词）
分析：句子主干是 ，which引导 ，指代前面整个句子，该定语从句中又包含另一个 that are most satisfying and meaningful to them，修饰先行词 。
翻译：
七选五
You’ll develop that painting muscle memory that only comes with repetition.（11词）
分析：句子主干是 ，第二个that引导的是 ，修饰先行词 。
翻译：你会获得只有通过重复练习才能形成的绘画肌肉记忆。
语法填空
They talk to the flood of international tourists and to visiting Chinese zookeepers who often come to check on the pandas, which are on loan from China.（27词）
分析：句子主干是 ，visiting作的是 修饰 ，who引导的是 ，修饰先行词 ，which引导的是 ，修饰先行词 。
翻译：
