专题六 读后续写 第1讲 宏观把握 感知读后续写【高分攻略】2025年高考英语题型技巧解读（含解析）
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| 名称 | 专题六 读后续写 第1讲 宏观把握 感知读后续写【高分攻略】2025年高考英语题型技巧解读（含解析） |  | |
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/ 让教学更有效 高效备考 | 英语学科
专题六 读后续写
第1讲 宏观把握 感知读后续写
一、书信和电子邮件类
（一）第一组：邀请信、道歉信和申请信
1. 邀请信
写作思路：开头表明身份和写信目的，即发出邀请；中间详细说明邀请的活动内容、时间、地点等信息，可适当提及活动的意义或亮点；结尾表达期待对方接受邀请以及希望对方回复的心情。
常用表达：“I'm writing to invite you to...”（我写信是为了邀请你……）；“The activity will be held in... at...”（活动将在……的……举行）；“We sincerely hope that you can join us.”（我们真诚地希望你能加入我们。）
真题示例（2021 年全国乙卷）：假定你是李华，你校计划举办介绍中国传统文化的主题班会，并在英文网站展示。请你写一封邮件给外国朋友 Chris，向他了解哪些中国传统文化更吸引外国友人。
解析：虽不是典型邀请信，但可借鉴邀请信思路，开头表明学校要举办活动，邀请 Chris 提供建议；中间可提及活动目的和展示平台；结尾表达期待回复。
2. 道歉信
写作思路：开头直接表明写信目的是道歉；中间详细说明道歉的原因，要诚恳且真实，可适当提出弥补措施；结尾再次表达歉意并希望得到对方的谅解。
常用表达：“I'm writing to apologize for...”（我写信是为了就……道歉）；“I sincerely hope that you can forgive me.”（我真诚地希望你能原谅我。）；“To make up for my mistake, I will...”（为了弥补我的错误，我将……）
3. 申请信
写作思路：开头说明申请的事项，如申请参加某个活动、申请某个职位等；中间阐述自己具备的条件、优势或相关经历，证明自己适合该申请；结尾表达期待得到批准的心情，并可提供联系方式。
常用表达：“I'm writing to apply for...”（我写信是为了申请……）；“I believe I am qualified for this... because...”（我相信我有资格获得这个……因为……）；“I'm looking forward to your favorable reply.”（我期待着你肯定的回复。）
（二）第二组：建议信、推荐信和感谢信
1. 建议信
写作思路：开头表明写信目的，即给出建议；中间分点详细阐述建议内容，可先说明存在的问题，再提出相应的解决建议；结尾表达希望对方考虑建议并取得良好效果的愿望。
常用表达：“I'm writing to give you some suggestions on...”（我写信是为了给你一些关于……的建议）；“In my opinion, you can...”（在我看来，你可以……）；“I hope my suggestions will be helpful to you.”（我希望我的建议对你有帮助。）
2. 推荐信
写作思路：开头说明推荐的对象和推荐的原因；中间详细介绍被推荐人的优点、能力、成就等方面，用具体事例支撑；结尾表达对被推荐人的信心，并希望对方认真考虑推荐。
常用表达：“I'm writing to recommend... to you.”（我写信是为了向你推荐……）；“... is highly recommended due to...”（……因为……而被强烈推荐）；“I'm confident that... will be a great asset to...”（我相信……将成为……的宝贵财富）
3. 感谢信
写作思路：开头直接表达感谢之情；中间详细说明感谢的原因，可列举对方给予的具体帮助或支持；结尾再次表达感激，并可适当提及希望保持联系或回报对方。
常用表达：“I'm writing to express my sincere gratitude for...”（我写信是为了表达我对……的诚挚感激）；“Your help has made a great difference to me.”（你的帮助对我产生了很大的影响。）；“Thank you again for your kindness and support.”（再次感谢你的善良和支持。）
（三）第三组：求助信、咨询信和告知信
1. 求助信
写作思路：开头表明写信目的是寻求帮助；中间详细描述遇到的问题或困难，以及自己已经尝试过的解决方法；结尾表达希望对方给予帮助的迫切心情，并可表示感谢。
常用表达：“I'm writing to ask for your help because...”（我写信是为了寻求你的帮助，因为……）；“I'm in a difficult situation and I really need your assistance.”（我处于困境中，真的需要你的帮助。）；“I would be extremely grateful if you could...”（如果你能……我将不胜感激。）
2. 咨询信
写作思路：开头说明写信目的，即咨询某些信息或建议；中间详细列出想要咨询的问题，问题要清晰明确；结尾表达期待对方回复并感谢对方的帮助。
常用表达：“I'm writing to inquire about...”（我写信是为了询问……）；“I have some questions regarding... and I hope you can help me.”（我对……有一些问题，希望你能帮助我。）；“Thank you in advance for your kind reply.”（提前感谢你友好的回复。）
3. 告知信
写作思路：开头表明写信目的是告知对方某事；中间详细说明要告知的内容，如事件的经过、结果等；结尾可适当表达对对方的关心或提醒对方注意某些事项。
常用表达：“I'm writing to inform you that...”（我写信是为了通知你……）；“Here is the latest information about...”（这是关于……的最新信息）；“Please pay attention to...”（请注意……）
二、非书信和电子邮件类
（一）第一组：发言稿、征文投稿和宣传稿
1. 发言稿
写作思路：开头要有称呼和问候语，然后引出发言主题；中间围绕主题展开论述，可采用总分总的结构，分点阐述观点或介绍相关内容；结尾总结发言要点，可适当呼吁或提出期望。
常用表达：“Dear friends, I'm very glad to stand here and give a speech on...”（亲爱的朋友们，我很高兴站在这里发表关于……的演讲）；“In conclusion, I believe that...”（总之，我相信……）；“Let's work together to...”（让我们一起努力……）
2. 征文投稿
写作思路：开头要符合征文的主题要求，吸引读者注意；中间详细阐述自己的观点、经历或故事，要紧密围绕主题，内容丰富、有逻辑；结尾可适当升华主题，表达自己的感悟或展望。
常用表达：“As the saying goes,... Today, I'd like to talk about...”（俗话说，……今天，我想谈谈……）；“Through this experience, I have learned that...”（通过这次经历，我学到了……）；“I hope my article can...”（我希望我的文章能够……）
3. 宣传稿
写作思路：开头点明宣传的对象或活动，吸引受众的注意力；中间详细介绍宣传对象的特点、优势、活动的内容和意义等，可使用生动的语言和具体的数据；结尾呼吁受众参与或支持，可提供相关的联系方式或活动时间地点。
常用表达：“Are you interested in... Now, let me introduce...”（你对……感兴趣吗？现在，让我介绍一下……）；“Don't miss this great opportunity to...”（不要错过这个……的好机会）；“For more information, please contact...”（如需更多信息，请联系……）
（二）第二组：新闻报道、倡议书和通知
1. 新闻报道
写作思路：开头要有新闻导语，简要概括新闻的主要内容；中间详细叙述新闻事件的经过，包括时间、地点、人物、事件等要素，可引用相关人士的话语；结尾可适当对事件进行评论或展望事件的发展趋势。
常用表达：“It is reported that...”（据报道……）；“According to...,”（根据……）；“This event has attracted wide attention and...”（这一事件引起了广泛关注，并且……）
2. 倡议书
写作思路：开头说明倡议的背景和原因，引起读者的共鸣；中间详细阐述倡议的内容和具体行动措施，分点列出；结尾呼吁大家积极响应倡议，可表达对未来的美好期望。
常用表达：“In order to..., I would like to propose the following...”（为了……，我想提出以下……）；“Let's take action now and...”（让我们现在就采取行动，并且……）；“Your participation will make a great difference.”（你的参与将产生很大的影响。）
3. 通知
写作思路：开头要有标题和称呼（如果有特定对象），然后直接说明通知的事项；中间详细说明通知的具体内容，如活动的时间、地点、内容、要求等；结尾可提醒相关人员注意事项或要求及时回复。
常用表达：“Notice”（通知）；“The following notice is hereby given.”（特此通知如下。）；“Please make sure to...”（请务必……）
（三）第三组：记人、叙事和议论
1. 记人
写作思路：开头介绍人物的基本信息，如姓名、身份等；中间通过具体事例来描述人物的性格、品质、成就等方面，事例要生动具体；结尾可对人物进行评价或表达对人物的感情。
常用表达：“Today, I'd like to introduce a person who...”（今天，我想介绍一个……的人）；“One of the most impressive things about him/her is...”（关于他/她，最令人印象深刻的事情之一是……）；“In my eyes, he/she is...”（在我看来，他/她是……）
2. 叙事
写作思路：开头引出事件，可简要说明事件发生的背景；中间详细叙述事件的经过，包括起因、发展、高潮和结果，要注意情节的连贯性；结尾可表达自己对事件的感受或从中得到的启示。
常用表达：“It was a memorable day when...”（那是一个难忘的日子，当时……）；“As the story developed,...”（随着故事的发展，……）；“This experience has taught me that...”（这次经历教会了我……）
3. 议论
写作思路：开头提出论点，可通过引用名言、现象等引出；中间通过举例、对比、分析等方法进行论证，支持自己的观点；结尾总结论点，可适当提出建议或展望。
常用表达：“As far as I'm concerned,...”（在我看来，……）；“There are several reasons why I hold this view.”（我持有这种观点有几个原因。）；“In a word, we should...”（总之，我们应该……）
三、微技能：善用高考英语应用文“懒人”模板
1. 模板结构：不同类型的应用文都可以总结出一定的模板结构，如开头段、主体段和结尾段的常用表达和思路。例如，书信类开头一般先问候或表明身份和写信目的，主体段根据不同类型展开具体内容，结尾表达期待、感谢或祝福等。
2. 灵活运用：在使用模板时，要根据具体的题目要求和内容进行灵活调整，不能生搬硬套。要注意替换模板中的关键词和具体信息，使文章符合题目情境和要求。
四、近几年应用文真题解析
真题一（2022 年新高考 I 卷）：假定你是校广播站英语节目 “Talk and Talk” 的负责人李华，请给外教 Carl 写邮件，邀请他做一次访谈，内容包括：1. 节目介绍；2. 访谈的时间和话题；3. 表示期待。
1. 解析：这是一封邀请信。开头表明身份和写信目的，即邀请 Carl 做访谈；中间详细介绍节目 “Talk and Talk” 的特点和宗旨，如促进英语交流、分享知识等，然后说明访谈时间为下周五下午 2 点，话题是 “Foreign Teachers' Life in China”；结尾表达期待 Carl 接受邀请。
2. 参考范文：
Dear Carl,
I'm Li Hua, in charge of the English program "Talk and Talk" at our school radio station. I'm writing to invite you to be a guest on our program for an interview.
Our program "Talk and Talk" aims to provide a platform for students to improve their English communication skills and broaden their horizons. Through various topics, we encourage students to express their ideas and learn from different perspectives.
We would like to schedule the interview with you at 2:00 p.m. next Friday. The topic of this interview will be "Foreign Teachers' Life in China". We believe your rich experiences and unique insights will surely attract a large audience and bring great value to our program.
We sincerely hope that you can accept our invitation. Your presence will undoubtedly make the interview a great success. Looking forward to your favorable reply.
Best wishes,
Li Hua
真题二（2023 年全国甲卷）：假定你是李华，你班交换生 Louis 因感冒发烧，需在家休息，无法参加下周的中国书法课。请你给书法老师 Mr. Zhang 写封邮件，内容包括：1. 说明 Louis 的情况；2. 替 Louis 请假；3. 询问补课安排。
1. 解析：这是一封告知信和求助信的结合。开头表明身份和写信目的，即告知老师 Louis 的情况并替他请假；中间详细说明 Louis 感冒发烧需在家休息，无法参加下周书法课；结尾询问老师关于 Louis 补课的安排，并表达感谢。
2. 参考范文：
Dear Mr. Zhang,
I'm Li Hua, a student in your Chinese calligraphy class. I'm writing to inform you that Louis, our exchange student, is unable to attend the Chinese calligraphy class next week.
Louis has caught a cold and has a fever, so he has to stay at home to rest. I know he is really interested in Chinese calligraphy and doesn't want to miss this valuable learning opportunity. Therefore, I'm writing on his behalf to ask for a leave of absence.
We would greatly appreciate it if you could let us know the arrangement for making up the missed class. Louis is looking forward to catching up with the class as soon as possible.
Thank you so much for your understanding and consideration. I'm looking forward to your reply.
Best regards,
Li Hua
真题三（2024 年新高考卷）：学校将举办英语演讲比赛，你作为学生会主席，写一篇宣传稿，鼓励同学们参加。内容包括：1. 比赛目的；2. 比赛时间、地点；3. 奖项设置。
1. 解析：这是一篇宣传稿。开头点明学校将举办英语演讲比赛，吸引同学们的注意力；中间详细介绍比赛目的是提高同学们的英语演讲能力和自信心，比赛时间为下周六下午 3 点，地点在学校礼堂，奖项设置有一等奖 1 名，二等奖 2 名，三等奖 3 名等；结尾呼吁同学们积极报名参加。
2. 参考范文：
Are you interested in improving your English speaking skills and boosting your confidence Now, let me introduce an exciting event - the English speech contest organized by our school!
The purpose of this contest is to provide a platform for all students to showcase their English speaking abilities and gain more confidence in expressing themselves. It will also help you improve your language skills and expand your vocabulary.
The contest will be held in the school auditorium at 3:00 p.m. next Saturday. We have prepared attractive prizes for the winners. There will be 1 first prize, 2 second prizes, and 3 third prizes. The winners will not only receive certificates but also valuable gifts.
Don't miss this great opportunity to challenge yourself and show your e and join us! Please sign up at the Student Union office before this Friday.
For more information, please contact us at [contact information].
Student Union
[Date]
实战演练
1．（21-22高一上·全国·课时练习）你校将在假期组织部分学生赴英国学习，作为该项目的负责人，你需负责将两名赴英学生的情况介绍给英国的寄宿家庭。
请根据以下表格内容，写信给英国的寄宿家庭，介绍这两名学生的情况。
姓名 李华 陈伟
特点 开朗、乐观 待人友善，有点害羞
爱好 体育活动、阅读、听音乐 与李华一样
担心的问题 饮食不习惯 沟通困难
期望 多了解英国的历史文化 交新朋友，提高英语水平
注意：词数100左右（开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数）。
Dear Mr Smith，
Thank you for your offer to host two of our students. The boys’ names are Li Hua and Chen Wei. Here is a little bit about them.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Sincerely yours，
Secretary of the project
2．（18-19高二上·四川·期末）现在越来越多的学校禁止学生带手机到学校，这一举措在学生中引起了热烈的讨论。请根据以下要点用英语写一篇100字左右的短文。
大多数学生认为应该允许学生带手机到学校；2.也有人反对；3.你的看法
注意：可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
3．（22-23高三下·河南开封·开学考试）假定你是李华，你的外教 Mr.Green喜欢中国文化。在春节来临之际，你准备寄给他一份礼物并附带一封信内容包括：
1.送礼物的原因；
2.描述该礼物的寓意；
3.祝福 Mr. Green。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
4．（19-20高一下·北京·期末）请从以下三个话题中选择一个，根据小说《穿条纹衫的男孩》表达你的看法，不少于 60 字。
Topic 1. Characters in literature are revealed by what they say and do and by what others say about them. Choose one of the following characters to analyze: Bruno, Shmuel, Gretel, Bruno’s father, Lieutenant Kotler.
Topic 2. Although Bruno feels that Shmuel is like his twin, the boys are different in many pare the two characters and write down their similarities as well as differences.
Topic 3. What do you think of the ending of the story (Bruno’s death) What is the author trying to tell us through this ending
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案
1．Dear Mr Smith，
Thank you for your offer to host two of our students. The boys’ names are Li Hua and Chen Wei. Here is a little bit about them.
Li Hua is an open-minded and optimistic boy and Chen Wei is very friendly but a little shy. Both boys love sports， and they also enjoy reading and listening to music. As it’s the first trip to the UK， they both feel a little bit anxious.
Li Hua is worried that he has trouble adjusting to British food while Chen Wei is more concerned about not being able to communicate clearly with others. Li Hua is really looking forward to learning more about the history and culture of the UK and Chen Wei is eager to make some new friends and improve his English.
Once again thank you for your generosity.
Sincerely yours，
Secretary of the project
【分析】本篇书面表达是一篇应用文，要求考生作为项目负责人给两名赴英学生写介绍信。
【详解】词汇积累
感谢：tank you→ thanks /I really appreciate it that
喜欢做某事：enjoy doing sth→like doing sth / be fond of doing sth / be interested in sth
担心：anxious→worried/be concerned about
做某事有困难：have trouble in doing sth→have difficulty in doing sth / have problems in doing sth.
句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Li Hua is an open-minded and optimistic boy
拓展句：LiHua is a handsome boy who is open-minded and optimistic.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Li Hua is worried that he has trouble adjusting to British food while Chen Wei is more concerned about not being able to communicate clearly with others.（运用宾语从句以及由while引导的并列句表对比）
[高分句型2] Thank you for your offer to host two of our students.（运用了不定式作目的状语）
2．Nowadays many schools forbid students to bring their cellphones to school, which arouses a lot of discussions among students. Their opinions vary from person to person.
Many students think that it is very convenient for them to get in touch with parents and talk with friends. They can also get some useful information with cellphones online. However, others argue that some students often play cellphones for too long, which is bad for their eyes. In addition, playing cellphones takes up too much time, having a bad effect on their studies.
As far as I’m concerned, students shouldn’t bring their cellphones to school. We should use cellphones wisely, and our parents and teachers should monitor us as well.
【分析】本篇书面表达属于议论文，要求考生写一篇短文，就是否允许学生带手机到学校发表看法。
【详解】第一步：审题
体裁：议论文
时态：根据提示，时态应为一般现在时。
结构：总分法
总分法指把主题句作为总说，把支持句作为分说，并以这种方式安排所写内容。
要求：1.表明话题
2.相关讨论
1）大多人支持。（support）
2）也有人反对。（oppose）
3) 你的看法。（your opinion）
第二步:列提纲 （重点词组）
arouse; be convenient for; get in touch with; talk with; be bad for; take up; have a bad effect on; As far as I’m concerned; as well
第三步：连词成句
1. which arouses a lot of discussions among students.
2. Many students think that it is very convenient for them to get in touch with parents and talk with friends.
3. which is bad for their eyes.
4. playing cellphones takes up too much time, having a bad effect on their studies.
5. As far as I’m concerned, students shouldn’t bring their cellphones to school.
6. and our parents and teachers should monitor us as well.
根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。
第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）
1.表文章结构顺序：First of all, Firstly/First, Secondly/Second… And then, Finally, In the end, At last
2.表并列补充关系：What is more, Besides, Moreover, Furthermore, In addition As well as, not only…but (also), including,
3.表转折对比关系：However, On the contrary, but, Although+clause(从句), In spite of+n/doing,On the one hand…,On the other hand… Some…,while others…,as for, so…that…
4.表因果关系：Because, As, So, Thus, Therefore, As a result
连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰。
第五步：润色修改
【点睛】范文内容完整，要点全面，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。作者在范文中使用了较多主从复合句，如：However, others argue that some students often play cellphones for too long, which is bad for their eyes.这句话运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句；也使用了一些固定词组，如be convenient for; get in touch with; talk with等。全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外，文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。
3．Dear Mr. Green,
How are you doing With the Spring Festival approaching, I would like to send you a gift.
Since you like traditional Chinese culture, I’d like to present you a set of paper cuttings. They are traditional decorations, which originated from ancient handicraft arts. They convey good wishes. Fu, Shou and Xi represent fortune, a long life or longevity and happiness respectively. These works are really worth collecting. You can also put them up on your windows or doors, which can bring about a festival atmosphere. With the present, I also hope to express my appreciation for your helping me to improve my English greatly.
Wish you a happy Spring Festival!
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给外教Mr.Green送一份礼物并附信说明送这份礼物的原因、寓意并给予祝福。
【详解】1.词汇积累
临近：approach→draw near
代表：represent→stand for
感谢：appreciation→thanks/gratitude
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：With the Spring Festival approaching, I would like to send you a gift.
拓展句：As the Spring Festival is approaching, I would like to send you a gift.
【点睛】【高分句型1】They are traditional decorations, which originated from ancient handicraft arts. （运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句）
【高分句型2】With the Spring Festival approaching, I would like to send you a gift.（with引导独立主格结构）
4．I choose to answer the third topic.
The novel The Boy in the Striped Pajamas talks about the friendship between two eight-year-old boys during World War II. One is Bruno, a Nazi commandant son. The other is Shmuel, a Jew, who is living in the Jewish concentration camp and always wearing a uniform like a striped pajama. There is no doubt that the story is a tragedy. When seeing both of the lovely boys died in the end, I felt awfully depressed. However, the ending is quite reasonable for only when the Nazi commandant lost his son (Bruno) could he taste the agonies as the Jews did. The author wants to tell us that each life is precious and equal, so nobody has the right to deprive others’ lives. We need to respect each life and cherish peace and stability.
【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生根据题目要求，从三个话题中选择一个话题，根据小说《穿条纹衫的男孩》表达自己的看法。
【详解】一、思路点拨
本文是开放性话题写作。既考查学生对所学语言知识的运用能力，又考查学生的发散思维能力和创造力。该题型要求考生思路清晰，行文间注意要点之间的衔接，要用适当的关联词语贯通全文，切忌只简单地写出一些互不相干的句子，但也不要每两句之间都加关联词语，以免显得生硬。
二、亮点短语
1. live in…住在……；
2. the Jewish concentration camp犹太集中营；
3. want to do sth.想要干某事；
4. have the right to do sth.有权干某事。
三、高分句型
1. The other is Shmuel, a Jew, who is living in the Jewish concentration camp and always wearing a uniform like a striped pajama.（who引导的非限制性定语从句）
2. There is no doubt that the story is a tragedy.（使用There be no doubt that…句型）
3. However, the ending is quite reasonable for only when the Nazi commandant lost his son (Bruno) could he taste the agonies as the Jews did.（only +状语从句，主谓部分倒装）
【点睛】本文先简单地概括了这部小说的内容，两个小主人公，然后有针对性的就话题三展开思路，表明只有Bruno的死亡，才能体现生命的平等与珍贵，明白尊重每一个生命的重要性，使用了大量的从句和短语，用了and，However和so等衔接词，全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外，文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。
专题六 读后续写
第1讲 宏观把握 感知读后续写
一、书信和电子邮件类
（一）第一组：邀请信、道歉信和申请信
1. 邀请信
写作思路：开头表明身份和写信目的，即发出邀请；中间详细说明邀请的活动内容、时间、地点等信息，可适当提及活动的意义或亮点；结尾表达期待对方接受邀请以及希望对方回复的心情。
常用表达：“I'm writing to invite you to...”（我写信是为了邀请你……）；“The activity will be held in... at...”（活动将在……的……举行）；“We sincerely hope that you can join us.”（我们真诚地希望你能加入我们。）
真题示例（2021 年全国乙卷）：假定你是李华，你校计划举办介绍中国传统文化的主题班会，并在英文网站展示。请你写一封邮件给外国朋友 Chris，向他了解哪些中国传统文化更吸引外国友人。
解析：虽不是典型邀请信，但可借鉴邀请信思路，开头表明学校要举办活动，邀请 Chris 提供建议；中间可提及活动目的和展示平台；结尾表达期待回复。
2. 道歉信
写作思路：开头直接表明写信目的是道歉；中间详细说明道歉的原因，要诚恳且真实，可适当提出弥补措施；结尾再次表达歉意并希望得到对方的谅解。
常用表达：“I'm writing to apologize for...”（我写信是为了就……道歉）；“I sincerely hope that you can forgive me.”（我真诚地希望你能原谅我。）；“To make up for my mistake, I will...”（为了弥补我的错误，我将……）
3. 申请信
写作思路：开头说明申请的事项，如申请参加某个活动、申请某个职位等；中间阐述自己具备的条件、优势或相关经历，证明自己适合该申请；结尾表达期待得到批准的心情，并可提供联系方式。
常用表达：“I'm writing to apply for...”（我写信是为了申请……）；“I believe I am qualified for this... because...”（我相信我有资格获得这个……因为……）；“I'm looking forward to your favorable reply.”（我期待着你肯定的回复。）
（二）第二组：建议信、推荐信和感谢信
1. 建议信
写作思路：开头表明写信目的，即给出建议；中间分点详细阐述建议内容，可先说明存在的问题，再提出相应的解决建议；结尾表达希望对方考虑建议并取得良好效果的愿望。
常用表达：“I'm writing to give you some suggestions on...”（我写信是为了给你一些关于……的建议）；“In my opinion, you can...”（在我看来，你可以……）；“I hope my suggestions will be helpful to you.”（我希望我的建议对你有帮助。）
2. 推荐信
写作思路：开头说明推荐的对象和推荐的原因；中间详细介绍被推荐人的优点、能力、成就等方面，用具体事例支撑；结尾表达对被推荐人的信心，并希望对方认真考虑推荐。
常用表达：“I'm writing to recommend... to you.”（我写信是为了向你推荐……）；“... is highly recommended due to...”（……因为……而被强烈推荐）；“I'm confident that... will be a great asset to...”（我相信……将成为……的宝贵财富）
3. 感谢信
写作思路：开头直接表达感谢之情；中间详细说明感谢的原因，可列举对方给予的具体帮助或支持；结尾再次表达感激，并可适当提及希望保持联系或回报对方。
常用表达：“I'm writing to express my sincere gratitude for...”（我写信是为了表达我对……的诚挚感激）；“Your help has made a great difference to me.”（你的帮助对我产生了很大的影响。）；“Thank you again for your kindness and support.”（再次感谢你的善良和支持。）
（三）第三组：求助信、咨询信和告知信
1. 求助信
写作思路：开头表明写信目的是寻求帮助；中间详细描述遇到的问题或困难，以及自己已经尝试过的解决方法；结尾表达希望对方给予帮助的迫切心情，并可表示感谢。
常用表达：“I'm writing to ask for your help because...”（我写信是为了寻求你的帮助，因为……）；“I'm in a difficult situation and I really need your assistance.”（我处于困境中，真的需要你的帮助。）；“I would be extremely grateful if you could...”（如果你能……我将不胜感激。）
2. 咨询信
写作思路：开头说明写信目的，即咨询某些信息或建议；中间详细列出想要咨询的问题，问题要清晰明确；结尾表达期待对方回复并感谢对方的帮助。
常用表达：“I'm writing to inquire about...”（我写信是为了询问……）；“I have some questions regarding... and I hope you can help me.”（我对……有一些问题，希望你能帮助我。）；“Thank you in advance for your kind reply.”（提前感谢你友好的回复。）
3. 告知信
写作思路：开头表明写信目的是告知对方某事；中间详细说明要告知的内容，如事件的经过、结果等；结尾可适当表达对对方的关心或提醒对方注意某些事项。
常用表达：“I'm writing to inform you that...”（我写信是为了通知你……）；“Here is the latest information about...”（这是关于……的最新信息）；“Please pay attention to...”（请注意……）
二、非书信和电子邮件类
（一）第一组：发言稿、征文投稿和宣传稿
1. 发言稿
写作思路：开头要有称呼和问候语，然后引出发言主题；中间围绕主题展开论述，可采用总分总的结构，分点阐述观点或介绍相关内容；结尾总结发言要点，可适当呼吁或提出期望。
常用表达：“Dear friends, I'm very glad to stand here and give a speech on...”（亲爱的朋友们，我很高兴站在这里发表关于……的演讲）；“In conclusion, I believe that...”（总之，我相信……）；“Let's work together to...”（让我们一起努力……）
2. 征文投稿
写作思路：开头要符合征文的主题要求，吸引读者注意；中间详细阐述自己的观点、经历或故事，要紧密围绕主题，内容丰富、有逻辑；结尾可适当升华主题，表达自己的感悟或展望。
常用表达：“As the saying goes,... Today, I'd like to talk about...”（俗话说，……今天，我想谈谈……）；“Through this experience, I have learned that...”（通过这次经历，我学到了……）；“I hope my article can...”（我希望我的文章能够……）
3. 宣传稿
写作思路：开头点明宣传的对象或活动，吸引受众的注意力；中间详细介绍宣传对象的特点、优势、活动的内容和意义等，可使用生动的语言和具体的数据；结尾呼吁受众参与或支持，可提供相关的联系方式或活动时间地点。
常用表达：“Are you interested in... Now, let me introduce...”（你对……感兴趣吗？现在，让我介绍一下……）；“Don't miss this great opportunity to...”（不要错过这个……的好机会）；“For more information, please contact...”（如需更多信息，请联系……）
（二）第二组：新闻报道、倡议书和通知
1. 新闻报道
写作思路：开头要有新闻导语，简要概括新闻的主要内容；中间详细叙述新闻事件的经过，包括时间、地点、人物、事件等要素，可引用相关人士的话语；结尾可适当对事件进行评论或展望事件的发展趋势。
常用表达：“It is reported that...”（据报道……）；“According to...,”（根据……）；“This event has attracted wide attention and...”（这一事件引起了广泛关注，并且……）
2. 倡议书
写作思路：开头说明倡议的背景和原因，引起读者的共鸣；中间详细阐述倡议的内容和具体行动措施，分点列出；结尾呼吁大家积极响应倡议，可表达对未来的美好期望。
常用表达：“In order to..., I would like to propose the following...”（为了……，我想提出以下……）；“Let's take action now and...”（让我们现在就采取行动，并且……）；“Your participation will make a great difference.”（你的参与将产生很大的影响。）
3. 通知
写作思路：开头要有标题和称呼（如果有特定对象），然后直接说明通知的事项；中间详细说明通知的具体内容，如活动的时间、地点、内容、要求等；结尾可提醒相关人员注意事项或要求及时回复。
常用表达：“Notice”（通知）；“The following notice is hereby given.”（特此通知如下。）；“Please make sure to...”（请务必……）
（三）第三组：记人、叙事和议论
1. 记人
写作思路：开头介绍人物的基本信息，如姓名、身份等；中间通过具体事例来描述人物的性格、品质、成就等方面，事例要生动具体；结尾可对人物进行评价或表达对人物的感情。
常用表达：“Today, I'd like to introduce a person who...”（今天，我想介绍一个……的人）；“One of the most impressive things about him/her is...”（关于他/她，最令人印象深刻的事情之一是……）；“In my eyes, he/she is...”（在我看来，他/她是……）
2. 叙事
写作思路：开头引出事件，可简要说明事件发生的背景；中间详细叙述事件的经过，包括起因、发展、高潮和结果，要注意情节的连贯性；结尾可表达自己对事件的感受或从中得到的启示。
常用表达：“It was a memorable day when...”（那是一个难忘的日子，当时……）；“As the story developed,...”（随着故事的发展，……）；“This experience has taught me that...”（这次经历教会了我……）
3. 议论
写作思路：开头提出论点，可通过引用名言、现象等引出；中间通过举例、对比、分析等方法进行论证，支持自己的观点；结尾总结论点，可适当提出建议或展望。
常用表达：“As far as I'm concerned,...”（在我看来，……）；“There are several reasons why I hold this view.”（我持有这种观点有几个原因。）；“In a word, we should...”（总之，我们应该……）
三、微技能：善用高考英语应用文“懒人”模板
1. 模板结构：不同类型的应用文都可以总结出一定的模板结构，如开头段、主体段和结尾段的常用表达和思路。例如，书信类开头一般先问候或表明身份和写信目的，主体段根据不同类型展开具体内容，结尾表达期待、感谢或祝福等。
2. 灵活运用：在使用模板时，要根据具体的题目要求和内容进行灵活调整，不能生搬硬套。要注意替换模板中的关键词和具体信息，使文章符合题目情境和要求。
四、近几年应用文真题解析
真题一（2022 年新高考 I 卷）：假定你是校广播站英语节目 “Talk and Talk” 的负责人李华，请给外教 Carl 写邮件，邀请他做一次访谈，内容包括：1. 节目介绍；2. 访谈的时间和话题；3. 表示期待。
1. 解析：这是一封邀请信。开头表明身份和写信目的，即邀请 Carl 做访谈；中间详细介绍节目 “Talk and Talk” 的特点和宗旨，如促进英语交流、分享知识等，然后说明访谈时间为下周五下午 2 点，话题是 “Foreign Teachers' Life in China”；结尾表达期待 Carl 接受邀请。
2. 参考范文：
Dear Carl,
I'm Li Hua, in charge of the English program "Talk and Talk" at our school radio station. I'm writing to invite you to be a guest on our program for an interview.
Our program "Talk and Talk" aims to provide a platform for students to improve their English communication skills and broaden their horizons. Through various topics, we encourage students to express their ideas and learn from different perspectives.
We would like to schedule the interview with you at 2:00 p.m. next Friday. The topic of this interview will be "Foreign Teachers' Life in China". We believe your rich experiences and unique insights will surely attract a large audience and bring great value to our program.
We sincerely hope that you can accept our invitation. Your presence will undoubtedly make the interview a great success. Looking forward to your favorable reply.
Best wishes,
Li Hua
真题二（2023 年全国甲卷）：假定你是李华，你班交换生 Louis 因感冒发烧，需在家休息，无法参加下周的中国书法课。请你给书法老师 Mr. Zhang 写封邮件，内容包括：1. 说明 Louis 的情况；2. 替 Louis 请假；3. 询问补课安排。
1. 解析：这是一封告知信和求助信的结合。开头表明身份和写信目的，即告知老师 Louis 的情况并替他请假；中间详细说明 Louis 感冒发烧需在家休息，无法参加下周书法课；结尾询问老师关于 Louis 补课的安排，并表达感谢。
2. 参考范文：
Dear Mr. Zhang,
I'm Li Hua, a student in your Chinese calligraphy class. I'm writing to inform you that Louis, our exchange student, is unable to attend the Chinese calligraphy class next week.
Louis has caught a cold and has a fever, so he has to stay at home to rest. I know he is really interested in Chinese calligraphy and doesn't want to miss this valuable learning opportunity. Therefore, I'm writing on his behalf to ask for a leave of absence.
We would greatly appreciate it if you could let us know the arrangement for making up the missed class. Louis is looking forward to catching up with the class as soon as possible.
Thank you so much for your understanding and consideration. I'm looking forward to your reply.
Best regards,
Li Hua
真题三（2024 年新高考卷）：学校将举办英语演讲比赛，你作为学生会主席，写一篇宣传稿，鼓励同学们参加。内容包括：1. 比赛目的；2. 比赛时间、地点；3. 奖项设置。
1. 解析：这是一篇宣传稿。开头点明学校将举办英语演讲比赛，吸引同学们的注意力；中间详细介绍比赛目的是提高同学们的英语演讲能力和自信心，比赛时间为下周六下午 3 点，地点在学校礼堂，奖项设置有一等奖 1 名，二等奖 2 名，三等奖 3 名等；结尾呼吁同学们积极报名参加。
2. 参考范文：
Are you interested in improving your English speaking skills and boosting your confidence Now, let me introduce an exciting event - the English speech contest organized by our school!
The purpose of this contest is to provide a platform for all students to showcase their English speaking abilities and gain more confidence in expressing themselves. It will also help you improve your language skills and expand your vocabulary.
The contest will be held in the school auditorium at 3:00 p.m. next Saturday. We have prepared attractive prizes for the winners. There will be 1 first prize, 2 second prizes, and 3 third prizes. The winners will not only receive certificates but also valuable gifts.
Don't miss this great opportunity to challenge yourself and show your e and join us! Please sign up at the Student Union office before this Friday.
For more information, please contact us at [contact information].
Student Union
[Date]
实战演练
1．（21-22高一上·全国·课时练习）你校将在假期组织部分学生赴英国学习，作为该项目的负责人，你需负责将两名赴英学生的情况介绍给英国的寄宿家庭。
请根据以下表格内容，写信给英国的寄宿家庭，介绍这两名学生的情况。
姓名 李华 陈伟
特点 开朗、乐观 待人友善，有点害羞
爱好 体育活动、阅读、听音乐 与李华一样
担心的问题 饮食不习惯 沟通困难
期望 多了解英国的历史文化 交新朋友，提高英语水平
注意：词数100左右（开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数）。
Dear Mr Smith，
Thank you for your offer to host two of our students. The boys’ names are Li Hua and Chen Wei. Here is a little bit about them.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Sincerely yours，
Secretary of the project
2．（18-19高二上·四川·期末）现在越来越多的学校禁止学生带手机到学校，这一举措在学生中引起了热烈的讨论。请根据以下要点用英语写一篇100字左右的短文。
大多数学生认为应该允许学生带手机到学校；2.也有人反对；3.你的看法
注意：可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
3．（22-23高三下·河南开封·开学考试）假定你是李华，你的外教 Mr.Green喜欢中国文化。在春节来临之际，你准备寄给他一份礼物并附带一封信内容包括：
1.送礼物的原因；
2.描述该礼物的寓意；
3.祝福 Mr. Green。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
4．（19-20高一下·北京·期末）请从以下三个话题中选择一个，根据小说《穿条纹衫的男孩》表达你的看法，不少于 60 字。
Topic 1. Characters in literature are revealed by what they say and do and by what others say about them. Choose one of the following characters to analyze: Bruno, Shmuel, Gretel, Bruno’s father, Lieutenant Kotler.
Topic 2. Although Bruno feels that Shmuel is like his twin, the boys are different in many pare the two characters and write down their similarities as well as differences.
Topic 3. What do you think of the ending of the story (Bruno’s death) What is the author trying to tell us through this ending
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案
1．Dear Mr Smith，
Thank you for your offer to host two of our students. The boys’ names are Li Hua and Chen Wei. Here is a little bit about them.
Li Hua is an open-minded and optimistic boy and Chen Wei is very friendly but a little shy. Both boys love sports， and they also enjoy reading and listening to music. As it’s the first trip to the UK， they both feel a little bit anxious.
Li Hua is worried that he has trouble adjusting to British food while Chen Wei is more concerned about not being able to communicate clearly with others. Li Hua is really looking forward to learning more about the history and culture of the UK and Chen Wei is eager to make some new friends and improve his English.
Once again thank you for your generosity.
Sincerely yours，
Secretary of the project
【分析】本篇书面表达是一篇应用文，要求考生作为项目负责人给两名赴英学生写介绍信。
【详解】词汇积累
感谢：tank you→ thanks /I really appreciate it that
喜欢做某事：enjoy doing sth→like doing sth / be fond of doing sth / be interested in sth
担心：anxious→worried/be concerned about
做某事有困难：have trouble in doing sth→have difficulty in doing sth / have problems in doing sth.
句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Li Hua is an open-minded and optimistic boy
拓展句：LiHua is a handsome boy who is open-minded and optimistic.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Li Hua is worried that he has trouble adjusting to British food while Chen Wei is more concerned about not being able to communicate clearly with others.（运用宾语从句以及由while引导的并列句表对比）
[高分句型2] Thank you for your offer to host two of our students.（运用了不定式作目的状语）
2．Nowadays many schools forbid students to bring their cellphones to school, which arouses a lot of discussions among students. Their opinions vary from person to person.
Many students think that it is very convenient for them to get in touch with parents and talk with friends. They can also get some useful information with cellphones online. However, others argue that some students often play cellphones for too long, which is bad for their eyes. In addition, playing cellphones takes up too much time, having a bad effect on their studies.
As far as I’m concerned, students shouldn’t bring their cellphones to school. We should use cellphones wisely, and our parents and teachers should monitor us as well.
【分析】本篇书面表达属于议论文，要求考生写一篇短文，就是否允许学生带手机到学校发表看法。
【详解】第一步：审题
体裁：议论文
时态：根据提示，时态应为一般现在时。
结构：总分法
总分法指把主题句作为总说，把支持句作为分说，并以这种方式安排所写内容。
要求：1.表明话题
2.相关讨论
1）大多人支持。（support）
2）也有人反对。（oppose）
3) 你的看法。（your opinion）
第二步:列提纲 （重点词组）
arouse; be convenient for; get in touch with; talk with; be bad for; take up; have a bad effect on; As far as I’m concerned; as well
第三步：连词成句
1. which arouses a lot of discussions among students.
2. Many students think that it is very convenient for them to get in touch with parents and talk with friends.
3. which is bad for their eyes.
4. playing cellphones takes up too much time, having a bad effect on their studies.
5. As far as I’m concerned, students shouldn’t bring their cellphones to school.
6. and our parents and teachers should monitor us as well.
根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。
第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）
1.表文章结构顺序：First of all, Firstly/First, Secondly/Second… And then, Finally, In the end, At last
2.表并列补充关系：What is more, Besides, Moreover, Furthermore, In addition As well as, not only…but (also), including,
3.表转折对比关系：However, On the contrary, but, Although+clause(从句), In spite of+n/doing,On the one hand…,On the other hand… Some…,while others…,as for, so…that…
4.表因果关系：Because, As, So, Thus, Therefore, As a result
连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰。
第五步：润色修改
【点睛】范文内容完整，要点全面，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。作者在范文中使用了较多主从复合句，如：However, others argue that some students often play cellphones for too long, which is bad for their eyes.这句话运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句；也使用了一些固定词组，如be convenient for; get in touch with; talk with等。全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外，文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。
3．Dear Mr. Green,
How are you doing With the Spring Festival approaching, I would like to send you a gift.
Since you like traditional Chinese culture, I’d like to present you a set of paper cuttings. They are traditional decorations, which originated from ancient handicraft arts. They convey good wishes. Fu, Shou and Xi represent fortune, a long life or longevity and happiness respectively. These works are really worth collecting. You can also put them up on your windows or doors, which can bring about a festival atmosphere. With the present, I also hope to express my appreciation for your helping me to improve my English greatly.
Wish you a happy Spring Festival!
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给外教Mr.Green送一份礼物并附信说明送这份礼物的原因、寓意并给予祝福。
【详解】1.词汇积累
临近：approach→draw near
代表：represent→stand for
感谢：appreciation→thanks/gratitude
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：With the Spring Festival approaching, I would like to send you a gift.
拓展句：As the Spring Festival is approaching, I would like to send you a gift.
【点睛】【高分句型1】They are traditional decorations, which originated from ancient handicraft arts. （运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句）
【高分句型2】With the Spring Festival approaching, I would like to send you a gift.（with引导独立主格结构）
4．I choose to answer the third topic.
The novel The Boy in the Striped Pajamas talks about the friendship between two eight-year-old boys during World War II. One is Bruno, a Nazi commandant son. The other is Shmuel, a Jew, who is living in the Jewish concentration camp and always wearing a uniform like a striped pajama. There is no doubt that the story is a tragedy. When seeing both of the lovely boys died in the end, I felt awfully depressed. However, the ending is quite reasonable for only when the Nazi commandant lost his son (Bruno) could he taste the agonies as the Jews did. The author wants to tell us that each life is precious and equal, so nobody has the right to deprive others’ lives. We need to respect each life and cherish peace and stability.
【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生根据题目要求，从三个话题中选择一个话题，根据小说《穿条纹衫的男孩》表达自己的看法。
【详解】一、思路点拨
本文是开放性话题写作。既考查学生对所学语言知识的运用能力，又考查学生的发散思维能力和创造力。该题型要求考生思路清晰，行文间注意要点之间的衔接，要用适当的关联词语贯通全文，切忌只简单地写出一些互不相干的句子，但也不要每两句之间都加关联词语，以免显得生硬。
二、亮点短语
1. live in…住在……；
2. the Jewish concentration camp犹太集中营；
3. want to do sth.想要干某事；
4. have the right to do sth.有权干某事。
三、高分句型
1. The other is Shmuel, a Jew, who is living in the Jewish concentration camp and always wearing a uniform like a striped pajama.（who引导的非限制性定语从句）
2. There is no doubt that the story is a tragedy.（使用There be no doubt that…句型）
3. However, the ending is quite reasonable for only when the Nazi commandant lost his son (Bruno) could he taste the agonies as the Jews did.（only +状语从句，主谓部分倒装）
【点睛】本文先简单地概括了这部小说的内容，两个小主人公，然后有针对性的就话题三展开思路，表明只有Bruno的死亡，才能体现生命的平等与珍贵，明白尊重每一个生命的重要性，使用了大量的从句和短语，用了and，However和so等衔接词，全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外，文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。