专题一第2讲 阅读理解-推理判断题【高分攻略】2025年高考英语题型技巧解读（含解析）

/ 让教学更有效 高效备考 | 英语学科
第2讲 题型突破——推理判断题
一、考情分析
1.题型占比（近五年数据）
年份 推理判断题占比 总阅读题量 推理题量
2021 32% 15题 5题
2022 35% 15题 5-6题
2023 38% 15题 6题
2024 36% 15题 5-6题
2025 预测40% 15题 6题
考查能力
①深层语义理解（占65%）
②作者态度推断（占25%）
③文本出处判断（占10%）
命题特征
1. 提问方式多样：常见的提问方式有 “What can we infer from the passage ”“What does the author imply in the passage ”“It can be concluded from the passage that...” 等。
2. 选项具有迷惑性：干扰项往往与原文内容有一定的关联，但不是基于文章的合理推断，可能是过度推理、偷换概念、以偏概全或者与文章事实相反。
3. 考查范围广泛：推理判断题的考查范围涵盖文章的各个方面，如作者的观点态度、文章的写作目的、段落之间的逻辑关系、对文章细节的深层次理解等。
三、解题技巧
1. 细节推理题：根据文章中的具体细节进行推理。考生需要仔细阅读相关细节内容，理解其字面意思，并结合上下文进行合理推断。
【真题示例】（2024年全国卷）“...The new technology allows farmers to monitor the water levels in their fields remotely. They can adjust the irrigation system according to the real - time data. This not only saves water but also increases the crop yield...”
Q: What can we infer from the passage about the new technology
A. It is too expensive for most farmers.
B. It is difficult to operate.
C. It benefits farmers in multiple ways.
D. It is only suitable for large - scale farms.
【技巧解析】根据文中提到的 “saves water” 和 “increases the crop yield” 可知，这项新技术在节水和增产方面都给农民带来了好处，所以可以推断出它在多个方面使农民受益，C选项正确。A选项文中未提及价格昂贵；B选项说操作困难，原文未体现；D选项说只适用于大型农场，与原文不符。
2. 观点态度推理题：判断作者或文中人物的观点态度。要注意文中作者或人物表达情感色彩的词汇，如形容词、副词、动词等，以及他们的论述方式和语气。
【真题示例】（2023年全国卷）“...The new policy has been controversial since it was announced. Some people believe it will bring more opportunities for the development of the local economy, while others worry that it may cause environmental problems. As for me, I think the government should take more measures to balance economic development and environmental protection...”
Q: What is the author's attitude towards the new policy
A. Supportive.
B. Opposed.
C. Neutral.
D. Concerned.
【技巧解析】从作者说 “I think the government should take more measures to balance economic development and environmental protection” 可知，作者既看到了政策带来的经济发展机会，也关注到可能引发的环境问题，希望政府采取措施平衡两者，所以作者的态度是关切的，D选项正确。A选项支持、B选项反对、C选项中立均不符合文意。
3. 写作目的推理题：推测文章或段落的写作目的。一般来说，议论文的写作目的是阐述观点、论证道理；说明文是介绍事物、解释原理；记叙文可能是讲述故事、传达情感或启示。
【真题示例】（2022年全国卷）“...This article mainly introduces a new kind of material that can self - repair when damaged. Scientists have been working on this material for years, and now they have made some breakthroughs. The new material has a wide range of potential applications, such as in the aerospace and automotive industries...”
Q: What is the purpose of this passage
A. To tell a story.
B. To advertise a product.
C. To report a piece of news.
D. To introduce a new material.
【技巧解析】文章开篇点明 “introduces a new kind of material”，然后围绕这种新材料的研发、突破及应用展开介绍，所以写作目的是介绍一种新材料，D选项正确。A选项讲故事、B选项推销产品、C选项报道新闻均不符合文章内容。
四、易错失分点
1. 过度推理：有些考生会根据自己的主观想法进行过度推断，脱离了文章的实际内容。例如，原文只是说某种产品有一定的市场需求，考生却推断出该产品一定会大获成功。
2. 忽略细节：在推理过程中没有全面考虑文章中的细节信息，导致推理错误。比如，在判断作者态度时，只关注了部分语句，而忽略了能体现作者真实态度的关键信息。
3. 被干扰项迷惑：没有仔细分析选项，被干扰项的相似表述或看似合理的内容误导。如干扰项可能会使用与原文相近的词汇，但含义却不同。
五、考题演练
1
（2025高一下·全国·专题练习）Strict-sounding teachers are worse at inspiring the classroom than kind teachers, research has showed. A ground-breaking psychological study from the University of Essex and the University of Reading of hundreds of children showed “controlling-sounding voices” didn’t gain cooperation from 10-16-year-olds. It discovered that youngsters faced with a strict teacher were more likely to rebel, their well-being was affected, and they were less likely to reveal they were facing problems like bullying. This was because students felt unable to express themselves when facing an unkind controlling tone. Whereas a supportive-sounding voice inspired a connection to a teacher, which increased their intention to cooperate with others.
Professor Silke Paulmann worked with Professor Netta Weinstein on the study. Professor Paulmann said, “We often think about what teachers say to their students, but we rarely talk about how they say it. But the tone of voice teachers use really matters and the way we change our voice can have great effects on listeners.” The study published in the British Journal of Educational Psychology explored teachers’ tone of voice in children’s education.
Pre-recorded teachers’ voices were played to 250 children who were then asked to judge how the tone affected them. They were asked to rate how it would affect factors such as competence, emotions, trust and their intention to cooperate. Children reacted much better to supportive voices while controlling tones made their self- esteem plummet (速降) and teachers’ sound examples were perceived to be less trustworthy.
Future studies may head out of the lab and into schools. Professor Weinstein said, “Tone of voice is a powerful way to convey teachers’ caring, understanding, or openness. It’s easy to forget when we are stressed or tired, but teachers can provide a positive learning environment when they are thoughtful in how they use their tone of voice.”
1．What does the underlined word “rebel” in the first paragraph mean
A．Desire to fight. B．Refuse to cooperate. C．Fear to face. D．Tend to ignore.
2．Why do researchers carry out the study according to paragraph 2
A．They aim to explore the way of changing voice.
B．They want to know the relationship between teachers and students.
C．They pay little attention to the tone of teachers’ voice.
D．They want to study the influence of teachers’ tone.
3．How may children feel when they are spoken to in supportive voices
A．Acceptant. B．Indifferent. C．Objective. D．Doubtful.
4．What can we infer from the last paragraph
A．Positive learning environment benefits students a lot.
B．Teachers are encouraged to care more about students.
C．More studies will be done in a real learning environment.
D．Students should pay more attention to positive learning.
2
（2024高一上·全国·专题练习）In today’s Internet age, the demand for online games continues to grow. Online computer game centres exist in many cities and towns throughout Asia. Facing the pressure of school and life, people tend to turn to the virtual world, expecting a diversion (转向) from these problems. Too often, however, they can lead to problems and unhealthy addictions.
This is most clearly seen in the example of South Korea. The country has the world’s highest percentage of high-speed Internet services. It also has a high number of online game players and related problems. In 2002, a young man collapsed and died while playing online games. He had been playing almost non-stop for 86 hours at an Internet café. Another young man killed his sister after becoming confused between the online world and real life. A 12-year-old boy stole $16,000 from his father and ran away from home. He did this to continue his obsession (着迷) with an online game. Such problems, however, don’t just happen in South Korea. They are spreading to other parts of Asia as well.
What kinds of people develop online game addiction What does the problem look like Dr Chen, a clinical psychologist, researches Internet addiction. She discovered some signs of at-risk individuals such as lack of friendships and good social skills. Those problem individuals feel it so compulsive (难控制的) to play online games that they could sacrif ice things such as school or family. They feel the need to spend more and more time online. And they become upset if anyone tries to limit their online game playing.
How many problem game players are there In China, the potential number of problem online gamers is alarming. And it points towards a growing problem among Chinese youth.
Make sure to keep control over your online game playing. If you don’t control it, it can get control of you.
5．What is mainly discussed in the passage
A．The disadvantages of the Internet. B．The online game problems in Asia.
C．The popularity of online games worldwide. D．The cause of online game addiction.
6．According to paragraph 2, which of the following statements is NOT true
A．The young killer’s sister was killed in a f ictional world.
B．Online game playing is responsible for the young man’s death.
C．People in South Korea have access to the Internet most easily.
D．The boy stole money due to his playing games online.
7．What can we learn from the passage
A．Most people in Asia have developed an addiction to online games.
B．Online game addictions cause many life-and-death arguments in South Korea.
C．Lonely and unsociable people seem to more easily develop Internet addictions.
D．The potential number of problem online gamers in the US is alarming.
8．What is the sign of at-risk individuals
A．Feeling it so compulsive to play online games.
B．Becoming upset if anyone tries to limit their online game playing.
C．Feeling the need to spend more and more time online.
D．All the above.
3
（24-25高三上·湖南·阶段练习）Xi Zhinong was born in a small town in Yunnan Province. When he was young, he moved to Kunming with his mother. Feeling like a caged bird in a big city, he was bored with the busy and noisy city life and looked forward to nature.
His chance soon came. In 1983, he helped shoot (拍摄) a documentary about birds. That experience led him to learn photography and take photos of flying birds.
In the 1980s, the Internet was not that popular in China and cameras were expensive. He managed to borrow a camera and threw himself into studying how to use it. During that time, the library became his favorite place where he first read some magazines about nature. It opened a door for him to connect with nature.
In 1992, a research program was organized to protect a type of unusual monkeys living only in China. Usually, the home of these monkeys has half-a-year-long winters. It created great challenges for Xi Zhinong’s work, but he never drew back. “I didn’t see the monkeys in the wild until I went into the mountains the third time,” said Xi Zhinong. He went into the snow mountains six times just to get valuable photographs of the monkeys.
Several years later, his works won international prizes. People around the world began to pay attention to the protection of wild animals in China. And he is the first Chinese winner of the world-famous Wildlife Photographer of the Year.
In order to call on tons of people to protect wildlife with cameras, he started “China Wildlife Photography Training Camp”. He hopes that more young people will join in for the nature protection.
9．What can we learn about Xi Zhinong from paragraph 1
A．He felt like a free bird. B．He would like to live in nature.
C．He was born in Kunming. D．He was satisfied with the city life.
10．Which is the right order of Xi Zhinong’s experience
a. He won some prizes in the world.
b. He joined in shooting a documentary.
c. He took some pictures of monkeys.
d. He set up a camp to train photographers.
A．b-c-a-d B．d-a-b-c C．c-a-d-b D．a-b-c-d
11．What do the underlined words “drew back” mean in paragraph 4
A．Grew up. B．Set out. C．Put on. D．Gave up.
12．What is the best title for the text
A．World Attention to Animal Protection
B．A Door Between Magazines and Nature
C．Difficulties of Taking Wildlife Photos
D．A Photographer’s Way of Protecting Nature
4
（24-25高二上·广东揭阳·期末）When my daughter Abigail got her learner’s permit a few months ago, I was appreciative of those drivers who saw a nervous teenager behind the wheel and treated her with patience as we drove around our neighborhood and the country roads close by.
Her first travels around our part of the Southern End were rather slow (cars piled up behind us). So thank you, nice people.
But I want to single out other drivers for my appreciation. I will call you “friends”.
But no kidding, I sincerely want to thank you “friends”, because you have taught my daughter not to take anything for granted on the roads. You deserve the credit for making her a defensive driver.
I warned her about “friends” like you, but your actions speak much louder than my words.
She’s watched you go through red lights and stop signs, turn without signaling, fail to yield at the crossroads, or hesitate at a stop sign and then pull out into her path at the last millisecond. I especially appreciated the “friend” who pulled up beside us the other night at a stop sign on a two-way road and took off quickly as Abigail just started to make her move.
“What was that!” Abigail shouted.
“That’s a ‘friend’!” I yelled.
And then there are those of you who find a slow-moving vehicle (farm machinery down our way) in your lane and swing out into the opposite lane to pass, oblivious of vehicles coming in the opposite direction.
My daughter has learned that a tractor coming her way means there might be an impatient “friend” hiding, ready to cross into her lane.
That’s an invaluable lesson. Thanks.
And thank you to all the walkers, adults and children, who appear from between cars. “Be ready to stop” is a lesson that you have taught my daughter well. At the same time, I have taught her the rules for yielding to walkers.
Teaching a teen to be a defensive driver isn’t easy. I want you to know that I couldn’t have done it without you, my “friends”.
13．The people mentioned in the first two paragraphs were .
A．tolerant B．strict C．cautious D．slow
14．According to the passage, the author’s daughter .
A．has made a lot of friends after she got her learner’s permit.
B．often turns without signaling and hesitates at a stop sign.
C．has learned to be careful of drivers who break the rules.
D．has become an experienced driver in a few months.
15．What is the author’s attitude towards the drivers whom he calls “friends”
A．Grateful B．Indifferent C．Sympathetic D．Annoyed
16．The underlined word “yield” in Paragraph 6 means .
A．make way for you B．give up hope C．shout at you D．produce crops
17．What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage
A．To express his thanks to his friends.
B．To warn people to obey traffic rules.
C．To advise teens to be careful when driving.
D．To explain to teens how to be a good driver.
5
（24-25高三下·贵州·阶段练习）Using job search websites can save you time and energy, allowing you to focus on other aspects of your job hunt. For example, the U. S. News job search platform offers easy-to-use filters that help you narrow down job options by location, salary, and posting date. Below is a list of some of the best job search websites for your reference:
CareerBuilder
CareerBuilder offers job listings at various levels and has an app for reviewing jobs on the go. It includes features like “recommended skills” to help assess your qualifications and personalized career tests for better guidance. However, the site is filled with ads, which can be distracting, and some job listings may be outdated, leading to wasting time.
Glassdoor
Known for its anonymous company reviews, Glassdoor also lists job opportunities. It’s free to use and provide salary estimates for positions, offering valuable insights for job seekers. However, the site lacks advanced search filters, which can make finding the right job more challenging. Additionally, employee reviews can be biased, so it’s important to take them with caution.
Indeed
Indeed is a popular platform with a wide range of job listings, including remote work opportunities. It offers a mobile app for easy access, salary information, and company reviews. While it’s free to use, some job postings may be outdated, which can be frustrating. Also, the user interface could be more visually appealing and flexible to enhance the overall experience.
Wellfound
Wellfound is another job search platform that’s particularly useful for finding tech jobs. While it provides access to numerous listings and valuable company insights, its search functionality could be improved for better precision. Compared with the other sites, its database is relatively small and focused mainly on positions in startups.
18．On which website can you better understand your career preferences
A．CareerBuilder. B．Indeed.
C．Glassdoor. D．Wellfound.
19．What do Glassdoor and Indeed have in common
A．They provide objective reviews.
B．They offer the latest job postings.
C．They do not charge any fee to use.
D．They have appealing user interfaces.
20．What is special about Wellfound compared to other websites
A．It helps assess employees’ qualifications.
B．It focuses on tech and startup jobs.
C．It offers company reviews and salary data.
D．It lists many jobs in remote areas.
6
（24-25高三上·湖南长沙·阶段练习）Jack, a young American who had been living in China for a year, was intrigued by the Chinese New Year celebrations. His Chinese friend, Li Mei, had been raving about the CCTV Spring Festival Gala, describing it as the highlight of the Chinese New Year.
On the New Year’s Eve, Jack was invited to Li Mei’s home to watch the gala together. As the show started, Jack was immediately drawn in by the magnificent opening performance. The colorful stage, the energetic dancers, and the booming music created an atmosphere of grandeur and excitement that he had never experienced before.
During the traditional Chinese dance part, Jack was stunned by the elegance of the dancers. Their flowing movements, synchronized perfectly with the ancient music, seemed to tell stories of China’s long history. He turned to Li Mei and said, “I’ve never seen such beautiful dancing. It’s like they are painting pictures in the air with their bodies.”
The skits were a whole new experience for Jack. At first, he was a bit confused by the rapid-fire Chinese jokes, but with Li Mei’s quick translations, he soon burst into laughter. “These are so funny! They are not only making me laugh but also teaching me so much about Chinese life,” he exclaimed.
The musical performances were a blend of the old and the new. When a famous Chinese singer sang a classic folk song accompanied by traditional Chinese instruments, Jack felt a strange sense of nostalgia, even though he had no prior connection to the song. And then, when a group of young singers combined pop music with elements of Chinese opera, he was blown away by the creativity.
As the night went on, Jack realized that the CCTV Spring Festival Gala was more than just a show. It was a celebration of family, culture, and the beginning of a new year. He saw how everyone in Li Mei’s family was gathered around the TV, sharing snacks, laughing, and chatting. There was a sense of warmth and togetherness that he deeply admired.
By the end of the gala, Jack was already looking forward to the next year’s show. “This has been an amazing night. I now understand why the Spring Festival Gala is so important to the Chinese people. It’s a wonderful tradition that brings everyone together,” he said to Li Mei.
21．Why was Jack invited to Li Mei’s home on New Year’s Eve
A．To experience the Chinese New Year’s Eve dinner
B．To watch the CCTV Spring Festival Gala together.
C．To learn about Chinese traditional culture.
D．To meet Li Mei’s family.
22．What was Jack’s first impression of the gala
A．He was confused by the complex Chinese culture shown.
B．He was bored with the long-lasting show.
C．He was disappointed by the lack of English explanations.
D．He was attracted by the magnificent opening performance.
23．How did Jack feel about the skits
A．He couldn’t understand them at all without Li Mei’s help.
B．He thought they were too simple and not funny.
C．He found them both entertaining and educational.
D．He was more interested in the musical performances.
24．What did Jack realize about the Spring Festival Gala at the end of the night
A．It was just a regular TV show for entertainment
B．It was a waste of time for people to sit in front of the TV all night
C．It was a show that only showed the ancient side of Chinese culture.
D．It was a celebration that united families and represented Chinese culture.
7
（2025·山西临汾·一模）The differences in health outcomes are neither new nor unknown. From differences in life span to uneven access to quality healthcare, the so-called “Health Gap” is a persistent and troubling indication of inequality. People living in low and middle-income countries are far more likely to die from preventable and treatable causes. According to the World Health Organization, obvious differences in health outcomes persist (持续存在) within countries, cutting along socioeconomic and geographic lines.
Closing these health gaps is both a moral and practical need because every human being has a right to a healthy, dignified life; practical because health inequities bring about substantial economic and social costs. Health inequities could cost the U. S. economy approximately $ 320 billion annually and rise to $ 1 trillion by 2040 if not addressed. These figures emphasize the need for systemic solutions that look at the root causes.
Artificial intelligence has entered the scene as a new tool in the attempt to remake the health system. Broadly speaking, pattern recognition and personalized care are the two focuses in that context. AI applications can detect diseases—often earlier and more accurately than humans—tailor treatments to individual patients, and support healthcare professionals in managing complex caseloads (病例). Preventive interventions can save lives and resources while increasing the quality of life of humans. AI-powered prediction models have been used to identify patients at high risk of complications or chronic (慢性病) conditions such as kidney disease, which otherwise often goes unnoticed until significant damage is done to the body.
Beyond clinical settings, AI-driven analyses of large datasets — from hospital records to socioeconomic indicators — can highlight at-risk communities, helping policymakers and health organizations distribute resources more effectively. By locating under-served areas and identifying populations least likely to access preventive services, AI can guide targeted community interventions, mobile clinics, health education programs, and other initiatives to close the health gap.
While the potential is large, AI’s effectiveness in closing the health gap depends on more than just technological advancement. AI must be deliberately designed, trained, tested, and targeted to bring out the best in and for people and the planet.
25．What can we learn about the health gap from paragraph 1
A．It rarely exists in wealthy countries. B．It is the root of economic difference.
C．It refers to unfairness in health outcomes. D．It shows the equal distribution of resources.
26．What do the figures indicate in paragraph 2
A．Economic trouble in US. B．Costly medical expenses in US.
C．The urgency of closing health gap. D．The moral dilemma facing Americans.
27．What can AI do to improve the health system
A．Prevent the spread of diseases. B．Cure patients with chronic conditions.
C．Replace doctors to manage caseloads. D．Detect diseases and offer tailored treatments.
28．What is the passage mainly about
A．How AI serves to get rid of inequality. B．What role AI plays in closing health gap.
C．What challenges AI faces in medical field. D．How AI stimulates technological advancement.
8
（24-25高三下·甘肃天水·开学考试）It was a chilly morning right before the all-important college entrance examination. The school bell rang shrilly, prompting students to hurry into the classroom. However, an unexpected situation arose when their math teacher, Mr. Li, was absent. As time passed by, a sense of unease and panic began to grip the students.
Just then, the classroom door opened abruptly. Mr. Li limped in, with his right ankle visibly swollen and wrapped in a bandage. He had sustained an injury, spraining his ankle on his way to school. Without uttering a single word of complaint, he grasped the chalk and started writing mathematical equations on the blackboard. Despite the pain that caused his voice to quiver slightly, he remained resolute while elucidating complex problems.
The students were profoundly touched and became more concentrated than ever. For the subsequent two hours, the classroom was alive with the sound of pens scratching on paper and the low murmur of intense academic discussions. Mr. Li never once took a seat, instead slowly pacing around the classroom to offer assistance to those students who needed it.
When the class finally concluded, all the students rose to their feet and applauded. That particular morning, they had not only acquired knowledge of mathematics but also experienced the remarkable power of dedication. It turned out to be an indelible moment during their busy senior year, motivating them to stay strong in the face of hardships.
29．What was the situation when the school bell rang
A．The students were already in the classroom waiting for the teacher.
B．The math teacher, Mr. Li, was already in the classroom.
C．The students rushed into the classroom and found the math teacher missing.
D．The students were playing outside and didn’t hear the bell.
30．What had happened to Mr. Li
A．He was late because he overslept. B．He got injured on his way to school.
C．He had an argument with someone and was in a bad mood. D．He forgot it was a school day.
31．How did the students respond to Mr. Li’s behavior
A．They were indifferent and continued chatting.
B．They were deeply moved and focused on learning.
C．They laughed at Mr. Li’s limping.
D．They asked Mr. Li to go home and rest.
32．What was the significance of that morning for the students
A．They just learned some math formulas. B．They realized the importance of punctuality.
C．They witnessed dedication and were inspired to persevere. D．They decided to skip classes in the future.
9
（2025·广东佛山·一模）Malala Yousafzai is widely acknowledged as one of the preeminent young activists on the global stage. Among her numerous accolades are her roles as an advocate for education, a human rights activist, and a Nobel Peace Prize laureate. Born in Mingora, Pakistan, in 1997, Malala encountered formidable challenges from a tender age, yet she emerged as a global emblem of resilience and unwavering determination.
At the tender age of 11, Malala embarked on her advocacy for girls’ education in her hometown, undeterred by the threats emanating from the Taliban, who vehemently opposed female education. Her remarkable courage and tenacity garnered international attention, but it also rendered her a high-profile target. In 2012, she was the victim of a brutal attack by a gunman while en route home from school. The assassination attempt, intended to silence her, paradoxically amplified her voice on the global stage, propelling her message to an international audience.
How did Malala Yousafzai transmute adversity into advocacy and ascend to global icon status Following her arduous recovery, she persisted in championing the right to education. Her inaugural speech at the United Nations in 2013 represented a seminal moment in her trajectory. Subsequently, she co-authored her memoir, “I Am Malala,” which ascended to international bestseller status. In 2014, at the precocious age of 17, she was conferred the Nobel Peace Prize, becoming the youngest-ever laureate for her valiant struggle against the suppression of children and young people and for the universal right to education.
Malala’s activism transcends the realm of education. She has leveraged her influential platform to advocate for human rights, gender equality, and peace. Her organization, the Malala Fund, is dedicated to ensuring that every girl has access to 12 years of free, safe, and quality education. Despite the myriad challenges she has faced, Malala remains an indomitable beacon of hope and inspiration for millions across the globe.
The salient lesson we can glean from Malala Yousafzai’s extraordinary life is that even in the crucible of great peril, one can summon the courage to stand up for what is right and effect meaningful change.
33．What does the phrase “a target” in Paragraph 2 imply
A．A person who is admired.
B．A person who is protected.
C．A person who is threatened.
D．A person who is ignored.
34．What event marked a turning point in Malala Yousafzai’s advocacy
A．Her speech at the United Nations in 2013.
B．The publication of her memoir, “I Am Malala”.
C．Her recovery from the assassination attempt.
D．Her winning the Nobel Peace Prize in 2014.
35．Which of the following best describes Malala Yousafzai
A．Courageous and determined.
B．Ambitious and competitive.
C．Humorous and optimistic.
D．Modest and reserved.
36．What message does Malala Yousafzai’s story convey
A．Education is the key to empowerment.
B．Fame brings both opportunities and dangers.
C．Young people can make significant contributions.
D．Adversity can be overcome with resilience and hope.
10
（21-22高一上·江苏南通·期末）Oxygen, I'm sure you'd agree, is pretty important for life on Earth. We breathe it in, our cells survive on it and without it, we hardly live. Basically all multicellular life on Earth evolved over millions of years to make use of oxygen.
But take a deep breath, because we need to talk about Henneguya salminicola, a tiny parasite(寄生虫) containing fewer than100 cells that lives within the muscle tissue of salmon, a large fish with silver skin and pink flesh. The strange-looking parasite does not busy itself with such small matters as breathing oxygen. Nope, it seems that H. salminicola is the first multicellular animal we've found that survives without the stuff.
“Aerobic respiration(有氧呼吸) was thought to be commonly found in animals, but now we confirmed that this is not the case, "said Dorothee Huchon, a zoologist at Tel Aviv University in Israel, in a press release.
Huchon and a team of international researchers examined and sequenced(排序) all of. salminicola's' genes in their study, published in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. They found that the parasite, which is closely related to jellyfish, lacks the DNA machinery necessary to“breathe”---it doesn't' have mitochondria(线粒体), often called the "powerhouse" of the cell, because they use oxygen to make energy. It's like a little factory inside almost all cells, and DNA detectives can find mitochondrial genes during sequencing.
The discovery came as something of an accident for the team, who were examining the genome (the complete set of genes) of the species. When they went searching for the mitochondrial genes, they came up empty-handed. "Our discovery shows that evolution can go in strange directions, ”Huchon said. "Aerobic respiration is a major source of energy, and yet we found an animal that gave up this important pathway.”
Some single-celled life forms have evolved the ability to survive without oxygen and do not have mitochondria, either. Plenty of bacteria can exist without oxygen at all. Instead of oxygen, they get their energy from fermentation(发酵) or use other molecules like iron.
But how H. salminicola produces energy is still unclear. Huchon suggests it could draw oxygen from the cells in salmon or it could have evolved similar methods to those of single-celled organisms which scientists have documented in the past.
37．What can we learn about Henneguya salminicola
A．It is an animal consisting of a cell.
B．It can still survive without oxygen.
C．It takes on a normal appearance.
D．It has a longer lifespan than salmon.
38．What is the main function of mitochondria
A．To make cells breathe fast.
B．To help to produce oxygen.
C．To provide energy for cells.
D．To help cells absorb oxygen.
39．How did Huchon probably feel about the discovery
A．Interested. B．Satisfied. C．Astonished. D．Frightened.
40．What could be the most suitable title for the text
A．The natural evolution of animal cells
B．Different kinds of life forms on earth
C．A research on single-celled organisms
D．A creature that doesn't breathe oxygen
参考答案
题号 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
答案 B D A C B A C D B A
题号 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
答案 D D A C A A B A C B
题号 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
答案 B D C D C C D B C B
题号 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
答案 B C C C A D B C C D
1．B 2．D 3．A 4．C
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项关于老师说话的语气对学生影响的研究。
1．词句猜测题。根据第一段中的“A ground-breaking psychological study from the University of Essex and the University of Reading of hundreds of children showed “controlling-sounding voices” didn’t gain cooperation from 10-16-year-olds. It discovered that youngsters faced with a strict teacher were more likely to rebel, their well-being was affected, and they were less likely to reveal they were facing problems like bullying.(埃塞克斯大学和雷丁大学对数百名儿童进行的一项突破性的心理学研究表明，“控制性声音”并没有得到10-16岁儿童的合作。研究发现，面对严格老师的年轻人更有可能反抗，他们的幸福感受到影响，他们不太可能透露自己面临欺凌等问题。可知，一项针对数百名儿童的心理研究发现，“控制性的声音”无法从10到16岁的孩子那里获得合作。研究发现，面对严格的老师，年轻人更有可能______，他们的幸福感受到影响，他们不太可能透露自己面临欺凌等问题。)”可知，控制性声音不会得到10-16岁儿童的配合。由此可推知，此处是指面对严格老师的青少年更有可能拒绝配合，因为他们的幸福感受到影响，他们不太可能透露自己面临欺凌等问题，划线词表示“拒绝配合”，与Refuse to cooperate意义相近。故选B。
2．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The study published in the British Journal of Educational Psychology explored teachers' tone of voice in children's education.(发表在《英国教育心理学杂志》上的这项研究探讨了教师在儿童教育中的语调。)”可知，研究人员进行研究是为了研究教师语气的影响。故选D。
3．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Children reacted much better to supportive voices while controlling tones made their self-esteem plummet (速降) and teachers’ sound examples were perceived to be less trustworthy.(孩子们对支持性声音的反应要好得多，而控制音调会使他们的自尊心速降，老师的榜样也被认为不太可信。)”可知，孩子们对支持性的声音反应更好。由此可推断，当孩子们听到支持性的声音时，他们会感到接受。故选A。
4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Future studies may head out of the lab and into schools.(未来的研究可能会走出实验室，进入学校。)”可知，未来的研究可能会走出实验室，进入学校。由此可推断，未来将在真实的学习环境中进行更多的研究。故选C。
5．B 6．A 7．C 8．D
【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了亚洲的在线游戏问题，包括其带来的不良影响以及潜在的问题游戏玩家数量等。
5．主旨大意题。根据第一段“In today’s Internet age, the demand for online games continues to grow. Online computer game centres exist in many cities and towns throughout Asia. Facing the pressure of school and life, people tend to turn to the virtual world, expecting a diversion from these problems. Too often, however, they can lead to problems and unhealthy addictions. (在当今的互联网时代，在线游戏的需求持续增长。在整个亚洲的许多城市和城镇，都存在在线电脑游戏中心。面对学校和生活的压力，人们倾向于转向虚拟世界，期望从中分散对这些问题的注意力。然而，这种情况常常会导致问题和不健康的成瘾)”可知，文章主要讨论了亚洲的在线游戏问题，包括其带来的不良影响等。故选B。
6．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Another young man killed his sister after becoming confused between the online world and real life. (另一名年轻男子在虚拟世界和现实生活之间感到困惑后，杀死了他的妹妹)”可知，是年轻男子杀死了他的妹妹，而不是在虚拟世界中杀死。故选A。
7．推理判断题。根据第三段中“She discovered some signs of at-risk individuals such as lack of friendships and good social skills. (她发现了一些高危人群的迹象，如缺乏友谊和良好的社交技能)”可知，孤独、不善社交的人更容易沉迷于网络，形成网瘾。故选C。
8．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Those problem individuals feel it so compulsive (难控制的) to play online games that they could sacrif ice things such as school or family. They feel the need to spend more and more time online. And they become upset if anyone tries to limit their online game playing. (那些问题个体觉得玩网络游戏是如此难以控制，以至于他们会牺牲学业或家庭之类的事情。他们觉得需要花越来越多的时间上网。如果任何人试图限制他们玩网络游戏，他们就会感到不安)”可知，A、B、C三项均为高危人群的特征。故选D。
9．B 10．A 11．D 12．D
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了奚志农与摄影的渊源以及用摄影来保护中国野生动物的经历。
9．推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Feeling like a caged bird in a big city, he was bored with the busy and noisy city life and looked forward to nature.(他感觉自己像一只笼在大城市里的鸟，厌倦了繁忙嘈杂的城市生活，期待着大自然。)”可知，奚志农在城市感到不自由，向往大自然。由此可推测出，他想生活在大自然中。故选B。
10．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“In 1983, he helped shoot (拍摄) a documentary about birds.(1983年，他帮助拍摄了一部关于鸟类的纪录片。)”、第四段中的“In 1992, a research program was organized to protect a type of unusual monkeys living only in China.(1992年，一个研究项目被组织以保护一种只生活在中国的不寻常的猴子。)”和第四段“He went into the snow mountains six times just to get valuable photographs of the monkeys.(他进了雪山六次，只是为了给猴子拍一些有价值的照片。)”、第五段中的“Several years later, his works won international prizes.(几年后，他的作品获得了国际奖项。)”以及最后一段中的“In order to call on tons of people to protect wildlife with cameras, he started “China Wildlife Photography Training Camp”.(为了号召成千上万的人用相机保护野生动物，他创办了‘中国野生动物摄影训练营’。)”可知，奚志农在1983年帮助拍摄了一部鸟类纪录片，1992年拍了关于猴子的照片，几年后获得了国际奖项；获奖后他成立了一个摄影训练营，所以正确顺序为b—c—a—d。故选A。
11．词句猜测题。画线短语所在句中的but前后为转折关系。根据倒数第三段“It created great challenges for Xi Zhinong’s work(这给奚志农的工作带来了巨大的挑战)”可知，这项工作非常有挑战性。再根据下一句中的“I didn’t see the monkeys in the wild until I went into the mountains the third time(直到第三次进入山里，我才在野外看到猴子)”可推知，这项具有挑战性的工作没有让他退缩，他坚持进山找猴子。drew back意为“退缩”，与give up(放弃)意思相近。故选D。
12．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段中的“He hopes that more young people will join in for the nature protection.(他希望有更多的年轻人加入自然保护的行列中。)”可知，本文主要讲述了奚志农用摄影来保护自然的故事，所以 D项“A Photographer’s Way of Protecting Nature(摄影师保护自然的方式)”最适合做本文标题。故选D。
13．A 14．C 15．A 16．A 17．B
【解析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者感激耐心对待女儿的司机们，也感谢违规司机让女儿学会防御性驾驶，以此告诫人们遵守交通规则。
13．细节理解题。根据第一段“When my daughter Abigail got her learner’s permit a few months ago, I was appreciative of those drivers who saw a nervous teenager behind the wheel and treated her with patience as we drove around our neighborhood and the country roads close by.(几个月前，我女儿阿比盖尔拿到了学习许可证，我很感激那些看到方向盘后面是一个紧张的青少年，并在我们在附近街区和周边乡村道路行驶时，耐心对待她的司机们。)”以及第二段“Her first travels around our part of the Southern End were rather slow (cars piled up behind us). So thank you, nice people.(她最初在我们南端这一带行驶得相当慢（车在我们后面排起了长队）。所以，谢谢你们，善良的人们。)”可知，这些司机对作者女儿开车慢很有耐心，很宽容。故选A项。
14．推理判断题。根据第六段“She’s watched you go through red lights and stop signs, turn without signaling, fail to yield at the crossroads, or hesitate at a stop sign and then pull out into her path at the last millisecond.(她看到你们闯红灯、无视停车标志、转弯不打转向灯、在十字路口不 yield，或者在停车标志前犹豫，然后在最后一刻驶入她的车道。)”以及第七段 “‘What was that!’ Abigail shouted.(‘那是怎么回事！’阿比盖尔喊道。)”和第八段“‘That’s a “friend”!’ I yelled.(‘那就是一个 “朋友”！’我喊道。)”等内容可知，作者女儿看到了这些违规司机的行为，并且对此有了警惕。故选C项。
15．推理判断题。根据第四段“But no kidding, I sincerely want to thank you ‘friends’, because you have taught my daughter not to take anything for granted on the roads. You deserve the credit for making her a defensive driver.(但不开玩笑，我真心感谢你们这些‘朋友’，因为你们教会了我女儿在路上不要把任何事情都视为理所当然。你们让她成为一名防御性驾驶者，这值得称赞。)”以及最后一段“Teaching a teen to be a defensive driver isn’t easy. I want you to know that I couldn’t have done it without you, my ‘friends’.(教一个青少年成为一名防御性驾驶者并不容易。我想让你们知道，没有你们，我的‘朋友们’，我做不到这一点。)”可知，作者虽然称这些违规司机为“朋友”，但实际上是感谢他们让女儿学会防御性驾驶。故选A项。
16．词句猜测题。根据第六段“She’s watched you go through red lights and stop signs, turn without signaling, fail to yield at the crossroads, or hesitate at a stop sign and then pull out into her path at the last millisecond.(她看到你们闯红灯、无视停车标志、转弯不打转向灯、在十字路口不____，或者在停车标志前犹豫，然后在最后一刻驶入她的车道。)”，并结合交通常识，这里说的是在十字路口不避让，所以猜测yield意思是“make way for you (为…… 让路)”。故选A项。
17．推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章通过描述各种违规驾驶行为以及这些行为对作者女儿驾驶学习的影响，如“Teaching a teen to be a defensive driver isn’t easy. I want you to know that I couldn’t have done it without you, my ‘friends’.(教一个青少年成为一名防御性驾驶者并不容易。我想让你们知道，没有你们，我的‘朋友们’，我做不到这一点。)”，其目的是警告人们要遵守交通规则。故选B项。
18．A 19．C 20．B
【解析】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了几个美国的求职网站。
18．细节理解题。根据CareerBuilder部分中“It includes features like ‘recommended skills’ to help assess your qualifications and personalized career tests for better guidance.(它包含“推荐技能”等功能，以帮助评估你的技能，并提供个性化的职业测试以获得更好的指导)”可知，在CareerBuilder网站上你能更好地了解自己的职业偏好。故选A项。
19．细节理解题。根据Glassdoor部分中“It’s free to use and provide salary estimates for positions, offering valuable insights for job seekers.(它可以免费使用，并提供职位的薪资估算，为求职者提供有价值的信息)”和Indeed部分中“While it’s free to use, some job postings may be outdated, which can be frustrating.(虽然它可以免费使用，但一些职位发布可能已经过时，这可能会令人沮丧)”可知，Glassdoor和Indeed的共同点是使用都不收费。故选C项。
20．细节理解题。根据Wellfound部分中“Wellfound is another job search platform that’s particularly useful for finding tech pared with the other sites, its database is relatively small and focused mainly on positions in startups.(Wellfound是另一个求职平台，特别适合寻找技术类工作。与其他网站相比，它的数据库相对较小，主要集中在初创公司的职位上)”可知，与其他网站相比，Wellfound的特别之处在于它专注于技术和初创公司的工作。故选B项。
21．B 22．D 23．C 24．D
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了在中国生活一年的美国青年杰克，受朋友李梅感染对春晚好奇。除夕夜，他在李梅家观看春晚，开场表演、传统舞蹈、小品及音乐表演等节目，从视觉、文化感知等多方面给他带来冲击。他由此意识到春晚不仅是演出，更承载家庭团聚、文化传承与新年祈愿，结束时他已期待来年春晚，领悟到春晚对中国人凝聚人心的重要意义。
21．细节理解题。根据第二段中“On the New Year’s Eve, Jack was invited to Li Mei’s home to watch the gala together.( 除夕夜，杰克被邀请到李梅家一起看春晚)”可知，杰克被邀请去李梅家是为了一起观看央视春节联欢晚会。故选B项。
22．细节理解题。根据第二段中“As the show started, Jack was immediately drawn in by the magnificent opening performance. The colorful stage, the energetic dancers, and the booming music created an atmosphere of grandeur and excitement that he had never experienced before.( 演出一开始，杰克立刻被精彩的开场表演吸引住了。五彩缤纷的舞台，精力充沛的舞者，轰轰烈烈的音乐，营造出一种他从未体验过的庄严和激动的气氛)”可知，杰克对春晚的第一印象是被精彩的开场表演所吸引。故选D项。
23．推理判断题。根据第四段中““These are so funny! They are not only making me laugh but also teaching me so much about Chinese life,” he exclaimed.( “这些太有趣了！”他们不仅让我开怀大笑，还教会了我很多关于中国人生活的知识。”)”可推知，杰克觉得小品既有趣又能让他了解很多中国生活，即兼具娱乐性和教育意义。故选C项。
24．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“As the night went on, Jack realized that the CCTV Spring Festival Gala was more than just a show. It was a celebration of family, culture, and the beginning of a new year.( 随着时间的推移，杰克意识到央视春节联欢晚会不仅仅是一场表演。这是对家庭、文化和新年开始的庆祝)”可知，杰克意识到春晚不仅仅是一个节目，它是家庭、文化的庆祝，也是新年的开始，也就是它是一种能让家人团聚且代表中国文化的庆祝活动。故选D项。
25．C 26．C 27．D 28．B
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了人工智能在缩小健康差距方面发挥的作用。
25．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“From differences in life span to uneven access to quality healthcare, the so-called “Health Gap” is a persistent and troubling indication of inequality.(从寿命的差异到获得优质医疗服务的不均衡，这种所谓的“健康差距”是持续存在的令人困扰的不平等现象)”可知，健康差距指的是健康结果的公平性问题。故选C。
26．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Health inequities could cost the U. S. economy approximately $ 320 billion annually and rise to $ 1 trillion by 2040 if not addressed. These figures emphasize the need for systemic solutions that look at the root causes.(如果不解决，健康不平等每年可能会使美国经济损失约3200亿美元，到2040年将上升到1万亿美元。这些数字强调需要从根源上寻找系统性解决方案)”可以推测出，数据表明解决健康差距的紧迫性。故选C。
27．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Artificial intelligence has entered the scene as a new tool in the attempt to remake the health system. Broadly speaking, pattern recognition and personalized care are the two focuses in that context. AI applications can detect diseases—often earlier and more accurately than humans—tailor treatments to individual patients, and support healthcare professionals in managing complex caseloads (病例).(人工智能作为一种重塑健康系统的新工具出现在眼前。广泛地说，模式识别和个性化护理是其中的两个焦点。AI应用程序可以检测疾病——通常比人类更早且更准确——为个别患者定制治疗，并支持医疗专业人员管理复杂的病例)”可知，人工智能可以检测疾病并提供个性化治疗。故选D。
28．主旨大意题。根据文章内容和最后一段“While the potential is large, AI’s effectiveness in closing the health gap depends on more than just technological advancement. AI must be deliberately designed, trained, tested, and targeted to bring out the best in and for people and the planet.(虽然潜力巨大，但人工智能在缩小健康差距方面的有效性不仅取决于技术进步。人工智能必须经过精心设计、训练、测试，并有针对性地为人类和地球带来最好的东西)”可以推断出，文章主要讲述了人工智能在缩小健康差距方面发挥的作用。故选B。
29．C 30．B 31．B 32．C
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了高考前夕数学老师李先生脚踝受伤仍坚持上课，学生们深受感动、学习专注，这一经历激励他们面对困难要坚强。
29．细节理解题。根据第一段中“The school bell rang shrilly, prompting students to hurry into the classroom. However, an unexpected situation arose when their math teacher, Mr. Li, was absent.(学校的铃声尖锐地响了起来，促使学生们赶紧冲进教室。然而，一个意想不到的情况出现了，他们的数学老师李先生没来)”可知，学校铃响时，学生们冲进教室发现数学老师不在。故选C项。
30．细节理解题。根据第二段中“He had sustained an injury, spraining his ankle on his way to school.(他受了伤，在去学校的路上扭伤了脚踝)”可知，李先生在去学校的路上受伤了。故选B项。
31．细节理解题。根据第三段中“The students were profoundly touched and became more concentrated than ever.(学生们深受感动，比以往任何时候都更加专注)”可知，学生们被李先生的行为深深打动，专注于学习。故选B项。
32．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“It turned out to be an indelible moment during their busy senior year, motivating them to stay strong in the face of hardships.(这成为他们忙碌的高三生涯中不可磨灭的一刻，激励他们在面对困难时保持坚强)”可知，那个早晨对学生们的意义在于他们见证了奉献精神并受到鼓舞去坚持。故选C项。
33．C 34．C 35．A 36．D
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了马拉拉·优素福扎伊在巴基斯坦的成长经历、她为争取女性教育权利所做出的努力、遭受塔利班袭击后的康复以及她获得诺贝尔和平奖的过程。文章强调了马拉拉的勇气、决心和对教育的执着。
33．词句猜测题。由文章第二段中“At the tender age of 11, Malala embarked on her advocacy for girls’ education in her hometown, undeterred by the threats emanating from the Taliban, who vehemently opposed female education. Her remarkable courage and tenacity garnered international attention, but it also rendered her a high-profile target. In 2012, she was the victim of a brutal attack by a gunman while en route home from school. (在11岁的时候，马拉拉开始在家乡倡导女孩的教育，没有被塔利班的威胁所吓倒，塔利班强烈反对女性教育。她非凡的勇气和毅力赢得了国际关注，但也使她成为备受瞩目的目标。2012年，她在放学回家的路上遭到一名枪手的野蛮袭击)”可知，马拉拉因倡导女孩教育，遭到塔利班威胁，她的勇敢和坚韧引起国际关注的同时，也使她成为了攻击目标，所以 ，“a target”暗示她是一个受到威胁的人。故选C。
34．推理判断题。由文章第二段中“The assassination attempt, intended to silence her, paradoxically amplified her voice on the global stage, propelling her message to an international audience. (这次暗杀企图本意是为了让她沉默，但反而使她的声音在国际舞台上被放大，将她的信息推向了国际观众)”可知，马拉拉在遭受枪击后，她的康复过程引起了全球的关注，她的声音在国际舞台上被放大。这次事件使她的故事和主张得到了更广泛的传播，成为她倡导活动的一个转折点。故选C。
35．推理判断题。由文章第一段中“Born in Mingora, Pakistan, in 1997, Malala encountered formidable challenges from a tender age, yet she emerged as a global emblem of resilience and unwavering determination. (马拉拉于1997年出生于巴基斯坦明戈拉，从小就遇到了巨大的挑战，但她成为了坚韧和坚定不移的决心的全球象征)”和第二段中“At the tender age of 11, Malala embarked on her advocacy for girls’ education in her hometown, undeterred by the threats emanating from the Taliban, who vehemently opposed female education. Her remarkable courage and tenacity garnered international attention, but it also rendered her a high-profile target. (在11岁的时候，马拉拉开始在家乡倡导女孩的教育，没有被塔利班的威胁所吓倒，塔利班强烈反对女性教育。她非凡的勇气和毅力赢得了国际关注，但也使她成为备受瞩目的目标)”以及第四段中“Despite the myriad challenges she has faced, Malala remains an indomitable beacon of hope and inspiration for millions across the globe. (尽管面临无数挑战，马拉拉仍然是全球数百万人的希望和灵感的不屈不挠的灯塔)”可知，马拉拉在11岁就开始倡导女孩教育，不畏塔利班威胁，即便遭遇枪击事件后仍坚持为教育权利奋斗，仍然坚持自己的信念，这种勇气和决心贯穿了她的整个故事。故选A。
36．推理判断题。由文章最后一段“The salient lesson we can glean from Malala Yousafzai’s extraordinary life is that even in the crucible of great peril, one can summon the courage to stand up for what is right and effect meaningful change. (我们可以从马拉拉·优素福扎伊非凡的一生中吸取的重要教训是，即使在巨大危险的严峻考验中，人们也可以鼓起勇气，坚持正确的事情，实现有意义的变革)”可知，她在面临巨大危险和诸多挑战的情况下，依然勇敢地为正确的事情挺身而出并带来有意义的改变，这表明逆境可以通过韧性和希望来克服。故选D。
37．B 38．C 39．C 40．D
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了地球上有一种不需要呼吸氧气的生物存在，并详细介绍了这种寄生虫。
37．细节理解题。根据第二段“The strange-looking parasite does not busy itself with such small matters as breathing oxygen.(这种外形奇特的寄生虫不会忙于呼吸氧气这样的小事。)”可知Henneguya salminicola无需氧气存活，故选B项。
38．细节理解题。根据第四段“They found that the parasite, which is closely related to jellyfish, lacks the DNA machinery necessary to“breathe”---it doesn't' have mitochondria(线粒体), often called the "powerhouse" of the cell, because they use oxygen to make energy. (他们发现，这种与水母关系密切的寄生虫缺乏“呼吸”所需的DNA机制——它没有线粒体，通常被称为细胞的“动力”，因为它们利用氧气制造能量。)”可知线粒体的主要功能是利用氧气为细胞提供能量，故选C项。
39．推理判断题。根据第五段“The discovery came as something of an accident for the team, who were examining the genome (the complete set of genes) of the species. When they went searching for the mitochondrial genes, they came up empty-handed. "Our discovery shows that evolution can go in strange directions, ”Huchon said. "Aerobic respiration is a major source of energy, and yet we found an animal that gave up this important pathway.”(这一发现对于正在研究该物种基因组（全套基因）的研究小组来说是个意外。当他们去寻找线粒体基因时，他们空手而归。”“我们的发现表明进化可以朝着奇怪的方向发展，”Huchon说有氧呼吸是能量的主要来源，但我们发现一种动物放弃了这一重要途径。”)”可知研究发现Henneguya salminicola无需氧气存活，Huchon对这一结果应该是感到很意外，很震惊的，故选C项。
40．主旨大意题。根据第二段“But take a deep breath, because we need to talk about Henneguya salminicola, a tiny parasite(寄生虫) containing fewer than100 cells that lives within the muscle tissue of salmon, a large fish with silver skin and pink flesh. The strange-looking parasite does not busy itself with such small matters as breathing oxygen. Nope, it seems that H. salminicola is the first multicellular animal we've found that survives without the stuff.(但是请深吸一口气，因为我们需要谈谈Henneguya salminicola，这是一种寄生虫，其中含有不到100个细胞，生活在鲑鱼，一条有着银色皮肤和粉红色肉的大鱼的肌肉组织内。 看起来奇怪的寄生虫不会忙于呼吸氧气这样的小事。不，似乎H. salminicola是我们发现的第一种没有这种物质也能生存的多细胞动物。)”结合全文对Henneguya salminicola的研究和介绍，可知本文详细地介绍了一种不需要呼吸氧气就能存活的生物，D项“一种不呼吸氧气的生物”适合作为本文的标题，故选D项。