专题一第6讲 阅读理解 体裁微解-记叙文【高分攻略】2025年高考英语题型技巧解读（含解析）

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第6讲 体裁微解——记叙文
一、近五年考情分析
说明：
1. 难度系数：0 - 1之间，越接近1表示难度越低，数据根据当年考生答题情况和试题本身综合评定。
2. 易错点分析：基于对学生答题情况的统计和分析得出，反映考生在该题型上常见的错误原因 。
二、命题特点
1. 情节线索清晰：记叙文一般按照时间顺序或事件发展的逻辑顺序展开，有明确的起因、经过和结果，便于考生梳理文章脉络。例如在讲述个人成长经历的文章中，作者通常会从童年、少年、青年等不同阶段的关键事件入手，逐步展现成长的心路历程。
2. 人物形象鲜明：文章往往围绕一个或几个主要人物展开，通过对人物语言、动作、心理等细节描写，塑造出鲜明的人物形象。这些人物形象的特点和变化是命题的重点之一，比如考查考生对人物性格、情感变化的理解。
3. 题型分布多样：以细节理解题、推理判断题、主旨大意题和词义猜测题为主。细节理解题主要考查考生对文章中具体事件、人物行为等细节的把握；推理判断题要求考生根据文章细节进行合理推断，如推断人物的心理状态、故事的发展趋势等；主旨大意题旨在考查考生对文章整体主旨的概括能力，即通过故事传达的核心思想；词义猜测题则是根据上下文猜测生词或短语的含义，这些生词往往与故事的情节发展紧密相关。
三、解题技巧
1. 快速浏览，把握主旨：在阅读记叙文时，先快速浏览文章的开头、结尾以及每段的首句，了解文章的大致内容和主旨。一般来说，文章的开头会引出故事的背景或起因，结尾则会点明故事的寓意或作者的感悟，这对于把握文章主旨至关重要。
2. 梳理情节，定位信息：根据记叙文的时间顺序或事件发展逻辑，梳理文章的情节线索。在做题时，依据题干中的关键词，如人物、时间、地点等，快速定位到文章中对应的信息段落，然后仔细阅读相关内容，找出正确答案。例如，题干中提到“在主人公18岁时发生了什么”，考生就可以通过在文中寻找与“18岁”相关的段落来获取答案。
3. 合理推理，切勿臆断：推理判断题需要考生基于文章提供的信息进行合理推断。在推理过程中，要注意结合人物的性格特点、行为习惯以及文章的背景信息，不能脱离原文进行主观臆断。比如，文章中描述主人公在面对困难时总是积极乐观，那么在推断他在后续事件中的反应时，就应该考虑到他的这一性格特点。
4. 结合语境，猜测词义：对于词义猜测题，要充分利用上下文的语境线索。生词前后往往会有解释、举例、对比等信息，帮助考生理解其含义。例如，如果生词后面跟着“like...”这样的举例说明，那么考生就可以通过例子来推测生词的意思。
四、易错失分点
1. 粗心大意，忽略细节：记叙文细节繁多，考生在答题时容易粗心，忽略一些关键信息，如事件发生的时间先后顺序、人物的具体行为等。这就要求考生在阅读时要仔细，养成圈画关键信息的习惯。
2. 过度推理，偏离原文：在做推理判断题时，有些考生会过度解读文章，加入自己的主观想法，导致推理结果偏离原文。考生一定要牢记，推理必须基于原文，不能无中生有。
3. 主旨概括片面：在概括文章主旨时,部分考生可能只关注到文章的某个部分，而忽略了整体内容，导致主旨概括片面。例如，一篇讲述个人成长经历的文章，既包含了主人公克服困难的过程，也有他从中获得的成长感悟，如果考生只概括了克服困难的过程，就没有完整把握文章主旨。
五、考题演练
1
（24-25高二上·安徽亳州·阶段练习）Stephen Hawking was a famous physicist. He was born in 1942. He died at his home on March 14th, 2018 in Cambridge, Britain.
As one of the well-known physicists on space and time in the world, Hawking devoted his whole life to discovering the secrets of the universe, and he is called the King of the Universe.
Since he was 21 years old, Hawking had been badly ill, but he didn’t give up his hope of living. He went on to study at Cambridge University after graduating from Oxford University. In 1965, he got a doctor’s degree. Then he worked as a professor at Cambridge University.
Hawking was known for his work with black holes. He also wrote several popular science books. Although he didn’t live as freely as others, he still felt he was happy and he was thankful to life. When Hawking was invited to China, he made speeches in some famous universities.
From Stephen Hawking’s whole life, we learn that no matter how bad life is, we should not lose hope. As he once said, “Life is not fair. You just have to do the best you can in your own situation.”
1．What is Hawking called according to paragraph 2
A．The Father of Clock. B．The Father of Rice.
C．The King of Comedy. D．The King of the Universe.
2．When did Hawking get his doctor’s degree
A．In 1942. B．In 1965. C．In 1976. D．In 2018.
3．What was Hawking known for
A．Black holes. B．Empty holes. C．Steam engines. D．Light bulbs.
4．What does Stephen Hawking’s life tell us
A．A good beginning makes a good ending.
B．Winners can deal with all the difficulties.
C．No matter how bad life is, we should not lose hope.
D．An interest in science will give us a lot in the life.
2
（24-25高一上·广西梧州·阶段练习）Peter’s uncle lives in the country. He is a man full of humor (幽默). One day, Peter went to see his uncle. His uncle drove his car to the station to meet him. On their way home, they saw many people. His uncle waved (挥手) to everybody. Peter was surprised (惊奇) and said, “Uncle, you wave to everybody. Do you know all of them ”
“No, Peter,” answered his uncle. “When I wave to someone who knows me, he’ll feel happy. When I wave to someone and he doesn’t know me, he will feel surprised and then he will have something to think about, he will make his road seem shorter (更短). So I can make everybody happy.”
5．Peter’s uncle is________.
A．a strange man B．a humorous man C．a kind man D．a happy man
6．Peter and his uncle went home________.
A．by car B．on foot C．by hike D．by train
7．Peter’s uncle ________there.
A．knows some of those people B．doesn’t know anybody
C．knows everybody D．doesn’t know those people
8．Peter’s uncle wanted to________.
A．make someone unhappy B．make someone happy
C．make everybody unhappy D．make everybody happy
3
（24-25高三上·甘肃天水·阶段练习）Last summer, I went on a trip to a small village with my parents. We wanted to experience the simple life there. The village was surrounded by beautiful mountains and green fields.
One day, we decided to go hiking in the mountains. As we walked along the narrow path, we saw a little girl sitting by the side of the road. She was crying. We stopped to ask her what was wrong. She told us that she had lost her way while looking for wild flowers. My parents and I decided to help her find her way back home. We walked with her for about an hour until we finally reached her village. Her parents were very grateful and invited us to their home for dinner.
During dinner, we talked and laughed. The little girl’s parents told us many interesting stories about the village. After dinner, we said goodbye and went back to our place. That night, as I lay in bed, I thought about the kind people in the village and the good deed we had done. It made me feel really happy.
9．Why did the author go to the small village
A．To visit relatives. B．To attend a festival.
C．To experience simple life. D．To do business.
10．What happened when they were hiking
A．They got lost. B．They saw a beautiful waterfall.
C．They found a little girl crying. D．They met some wild animals.
11．How did the little girl’s parents feel when they saw their daughter
A．Angry. B．Worried. C．Grateful. D．Surprised.
12．What did the author think about that night
A．The beautiful scenery. B．The delicious dinner.
C．The kind people and the good deed. D．The tiring hiking.
4
（2025届山东省潍坊市高三下学期2月模拟预测英语试题）When I bought a house in Portland four years ago, I immediately began designing my dream garden, intending to remove the weeds and plant some vegetables or long-lasting flowers. I soon discovered, however, that the soil was unproductive, clay-heavy and littered with stones. In previous, much tinier gardens, I’d fix it with a few bags of high-quality soil from the nursery.
Replacing this vastly greater quantity of dirt was neither practical nor financially possible. Instead, I decided to remediate (补救) what I already had.
The challenge before me was to revive the soil. Two core principles of modern agriculture can guide this shift: minimizing soil disturbance and emphasizing biodiversity. In practice, growing crops by turns; prioritizing organic inputs over chemical fertilizers; integrating crops, trees and livestock; and sheltering soil from being washed away with cover crops, often work.
I tried to apply such methods in my garden. Where once there was only grass, I made a pond, a rock garden, a wildflower field and raised beds for vegetables. I let plants grow and decompose by themselves in a natural way. I also introduced different plants and revived its ecological communities.
In May, I decided to relocate a flowering plant. As I dug the plant out, all manner of life emerged. Earthworms swung from the roots. A daddy longlegs hurried for shelter. Below the plant I even noticed the fine white fungal mycelium (真菌菌丝).
Running my fingers through the soil, I understood, more clearly than ever before, that I transformed much more than my yard - it completely changed the way I think about soil. It’s not simply as a medium for life, but as a living entity (个体) in its own right. Although science still lacks an agreed definition of life, textbooks highlight criteria widely considered to differentiate the living and nonliving. Soil meets many of them: It has a highly organized structure. It has a capacity for active self-preservation. It grows. It breathes. And it can die.
13．What was the soil problem in the author’s garden
A．Wet and salty. B．Poor and stony.
C．Dry and sandy. D．Acidic and weedy.
14．What was the focus of the author’s gardening methods
A．Limiting plant variety. B．Adopting a high-tech approach.
C．Giving more intervention. D．Creating a sustainable environment.
15．Why does the author mention the replanting in May
A．To introduce different species. B．To prove the garden shelters insects.
C．To show the soil has come to life. D．To explain the transplanting process.
16．What is conveyed in the last paragraph
A．Soil has a soul. B．Life is well defined.
C．Life has complexity. D．Soil is the source of life.
5
（24-25高三下·贵州·阶段练习）While I was exploring my grandparents’ basement, a book that resembled a folder caught my eye. Curiosity awakened, I leaned in closer and noticed yellowed papers and black-and-white photos spilling from its edges. The label, written in Spanish, read “Historia Antigua”. As I opened it, I recognized my grandfather’s distinctive handwriting — unmistakably Argentine. The first words struck me: I’m not sure what I’m about to write, but I’ve had this idea for a number of years now, since a conversation with my father when I turned thirteen and had my Bar Mitzvah (成人礼) …
I had always longed to learn more about our family history, and now, here it was before me. I was holding a treasure collection of letters, diaries, travelogues, and news clippings — documents recording centuries of our family’s past, passed down from my grandfather’s father. It was more than just written records; it was an oral history preserved in writing.
For months, I kept my discovery a secret, stealing quiet moments to read more. One day, my grandfather — Abuelo — led me to the basement, smiling as he pointed to the open binder. “You’ve been reading my stories,” he said. His face lit up when I admitted it, and then together we spent hours reading Historia Antigua, discussing family trees, identity, and history. Abuelo explained names and places in Spanish, Arabic, and Hebrew — each conversation deepening my understanding of our family history.
As a journalist, I began asking deeper questions — why my great-grandparents fled Damascus, why my great-grandfather traveled the Andes by horse-drawn cart. Through these stories, I came to realize how time steals family history. By the time the storytellers are gone, all we have left are dates and places. If you can, ask your relatives now. Record their stories — because family stories are the threads that connect us to who we are and where we come from.
17．Why did the author read Historia Antigua carefully
A．To relive his childhood memories.
B．To learn Argentine culture.
C．To discover his grandparents’ story.
D．To explore family history.
18．What was Abuelo’s attitude towards the author reading Historia Antigua
A．Favorable. B．Indifferent. C．Tolerant. D．Disapproval.
19．What does the author recommend for preserving family history
A．Becoming the family storyteller.
B．Bridging the generation gap.
C．Documenting family stories.
D．Centering only on dates and places.
20．Which of the following is the best title for the text
A．Secret Discovered in the Basement
B．Historia Antigua: A Family Legacy
C．Long-Lost Stories of Ancestors
D．Unforgotten Memories of Grandfather
6
（24-25高三下·湖北·阶段练习）On a summer trip to Maharashtra, India, Aryaman Khandelwal saw a little boy, no more than ten years old, carrying a bag of corn twice his size. “They had to work so hard to make do,” Khandelwal said, “Something needed to change. ”
Then a senior at Parkland High School, Khandelwal went on to design Get2Greater over the next couple of years, an AI-driven app to improve access to healthcare services. His efforts earned him the GloriaBarron Prize, which is given to young people with significant social initiatives.
The young man was passionate about improving healthcare in Maharashtra, a place that lacked qualified doctors and healthcare workers. Moreover, there were many quacks, who might quit studying after a year of medicine school and return home as “healthcare providers”.
Then Khandelwal was introduced to the a MAHAN Trust, a healthcare organization serving rural parts of Maharashtra. At the time, the MAHAN Trust was training village health workers to carry out basic medical tasks, such as taking measurements and transporting data to hospitals for review. Through them, Khandelwal learned that only 10 to 15 trained workers served a population of 200,000. While the method showed results, it was time-consuming and required significant improvement to handle the large volume of cases more efficiently.
That’s where Get2Greater came in — it separates the unhealthy from the healthy, so doctors can focus on more pressing cases. The app can record basic health-related data points, compile (汇编) them in order of priority and send them to doctors nearby. Khandelwal sent a tablet computer equipped with a basic software prototype (软件原型) to the MAHAN Trust and established a line of communication with healthcare workers there. “I asked them to provide feedback on the app,” he said.
Khandelwal’s proposal won him funding and after numerous trials, he created a Wi-Fi component so the devices could connect to the local hospitals. He has also been in talks with the UN to help take the device to other parts of the world.
21．What does the underlined word “quacks” in paragraph 3 refer to
A．Students who quit school. B．Doctors who are unqualified.
C．Nurses who work in hospitals. D．Professionals who help in healthcare work.
22．What was the challenge faced by the MAHAN Trust
A．The difficulty in transporting data accurately.
B．Village health workers’ unwillingness to be trained.
C．Insufficient healthcare providers for vast communities.
D．Lack of medical equipment for performing medical tasks.
23．How does the app Get2Greater function
A．By cutting healthcare costs for patients.
B．By processing data for doctors’ attention.
C．By automatically recording treatment process.
D．By identifying the symptoms quickly and correctly.
24．Which of the following can best describe Khandelwal
A．Innovative and committed. B．Confident and modest.
C．Humble and determined. D．Generous and ambitious.
7
（24-25高一上·安徽马鞍山·期中）I’m a single dad raising a son, so I usually helped my child select my Father’s day gifts, and then paid for them. When my son was a high school senior, he took control of the gifting by offering to drive us to Denny’s for breakfast. But the evening before the holiday, I couldn’t sleep. What kept me awake was the realization that this would be the last Father’s day before my kid left for college.
It truly felt like I had just taken the training wheels off my son’s bike. In my household, the fridge door is the all-knowing parental focus holding the academic and sports schedules, the school lunch menu, and the family calendar. Also attached to it are photos, awards, artwork, and the “good” report cards. The refrigerator is a super-sized memory book of my son’s life.
I began to go through the objects of significant emotional value, which required me to pull the fridge out because all the baby items were pushed to the sides. As I checked the golden oldies, I quickly realized three things. First, I had too many photos. Second, I needed to clear up the sides of the refrigerator. Third, soccer was a big part of our lives.
I never played or watched soccer before parenthood. Yet, I became the coach for all his teams until he reached middle school. Back then I assumed it was my fatherly duty to support my son’s activities, but now I understood that I was wrong. After years of supporting, guiding, and loving my son, I finally recognized that taking part in my son’s life on any level was not a duty— it was an honor.
I time-traveled through mementos (纪念品), and each memory helped me understand what being a dad really meant. Teenagers might not give us presents we want or need on Father’s day. But they have already given us the best possible gift — allowing us to feel what it’s like to be their dad.
25．What kept the author awake before Father’s day
A．Planning a surprise for his father.
B．Reflecting on his poor father-son relationship.
C．Feeling emotional about a special Father’s day.
D．Getting excited about the breakfast at Denny’s.
26．Why is the fridge important to the family
A．It adds an artistic touch to the house.
B．It holds memories of passing family days.
C．It is a source of creativity for school lunch.
D．It serves as a gathering place for family members.
27．Why did the author pull out the fridge
A．To redecorate its sides. B．To clear up the kitchen.
C．To make room for a new one. D．To uncover personal mementos.
28．Why did the author claim that he was wrong in the last but one paragraph
A．He recognized he had too many photos.
B．He regretted not playing soccer before parenthood.
C．He realized fatherhood was about pride rather than a task.
D．He felt ashamed to let his son take control of the gifting.
8
（24-25高一上·河北保定·期末）High school ended and all I remembered was feeling stuck. Most of my peers (同龄人) had picked out their majors and some even planned their careers. But I was still wondering about that.
I’ve always enjoyed writing but didn’t know how to make a career out of it. After researching my options, such as journalism, I thought Professional Communications could improve my writing skills and lead me to a career in business. With that, I sent in my application, was accepted and started preparing for my first term of university.
When course intentions rolled around, I began looking at the list of minors. Marketing caught my attention. It would complement (补充) my communications degree while providing me with the necessary business courses that were outside of the program. Without hesitation, I scheduled marketing into my studies, with the goal of using that newfound knowledge to accompany the technical skills that my major would provide me with.
My school year began in a pretty typical way: the orientation week (迎新周), joining clubs and meeting new people. As time went on, I found myself enjoying the marketing courses more than the communications courses, and it was then that I first began to consider making a change. Finally, I spoke with a friend who had switched to a different major, and his words of encouragement were the final push I needed to go through with the decision. A few days later, I sent in my application, and soon I received my acceptance letter.
I’ve now been gifted with a wonderful start to the year, and I couldn’t be happier about making the change. I feel less pressured to “find myself” and can put 110% effort into my studies. A note to high school students: University brings with it a load of new beginnings and self-reflection. It’s perfectly fine to come into university thinking you want one thing and finding out along the way that it might not be the right path for you.
29．Why was the author at a loss after high school
A．She suffered from a lack of confidence.
B．She fell behind her peers in performance.
C．She was afraid to choose a wrong university.
D．She struggled to decide a future direction.
30．Which aspect of marketing attracted the author
A．Its business courses. B．Its exciting career opportunities.
C．Its stress on technical skills. D．Its courses related to writing.
31．What led the author to think about changing her major
A．The active encouragement from a friend.
B．Reduced interest in communications.
C．The growing passion for marketing courses.
D．Access to numerous new opportunities.
32．What does the author advise high school students to do
A．Think twice about major selection.
B．Be open to changing academic paths.
C．Concentrate all their efforts on study.
D．Engage in self-reflection consistently.
9
（24-25高三上·河南驻马店·期末）Only a few adventurous individuals sailed the seas, drove wagons, or rode horses, and the majority of people throughout human history have relied on their own two feet for transportation, moving one step at a time. Perhaps that’s why retired The Wall Street Journal reporter and cancer survivor Neil King decided to take a journey to explore a small part of America’s rich history, seeking to rediscover its roots.
“I was off to do something that was very pure and basic,” Neil said, “just to notice things and immerse myself in a walk through one spring that had kind of cleansed my eyes in some ways, or my spirit.”
It seemed appropriate to start the journey into America’s past in Washington, D．C． “This is the front yard, the nation’s front yard,” Neil said. “It just seemed like the perfect place to start this walk.” Then Neil crossed the Mason-Dixon Line, which runs through the middle of a 19th-century farm. In York, he walked through a cemetery (公墓), where some volunteers were cleaning up and honoring unsung heroes. In Pennsylvania, he stopped for an afternoon to socialize with some locals.
“On the road, I met so many great people that I almost felt were put there by some higher power to interact with me,” Neil said. “And indeed, are we not the offspring (后代) of a power greater than ourselves, the power of community ”
Meanwhile, the health benefits of walking are obvious: increased cardio capacity, deeper breathing that energizes the lung, and power to almost every muscle in the body. On another level, moving through the small details of lives intertwined with history and emotion gives him a sense of what we can accomplish.
Neil said, “Finally, I think the walk, despite all the gloomy thoughts that can arise from various episodes in our history and past, unexpectedly filled me with a more constructive expectation for what’s to come.”
33．Why did Neil choose walking as his travelling mode
A．He tried his best to figure out the meaning of life.
B．He wanted to draw much more attention from others.
C．He followed the most common practice to improve himself.
D．He hoped to have the chance to promote American history.
34．What is paragraph 3 mainly about
A．Neil’s walking experiences. B．Neil’s knowledge of history.
C．The famous attractions in the USA． D．The uniqueness of Washington, D．C．
35．Which can replace the underlined word “intertwined” in paragraph 5
A．satisfied B．connected C．familiar D．busy
36．How did Neil feel in the end
A．Shocked. B．Tired. C．Optimistic. D．Curious.
10
（22-23高一下·上海·阶段练习）As the sun set he remembered, to give himself more confidence, the time in the tavern at Casablanca when he had played the hand game with the great negro from Cienfuegos who was the strongest man on the docks. They had gone one day and one night with their elbows on a chalk line on the table and their forearms straight up and their hands gripped tight. Each one was trying to force the other’s hand down onto the table. There was much betting and people went in and out of the room under the kerosene lights and he had looked at the arm and hand of the negro and at the negro’s face. They changed the referees every four hours after the first eight so that the referees could sleep. Blood came out from under the fingernails of both his and the negro’s hands and they looked each other in the eye and at their hands and forearms and the bettors went in and out of the room and sat on high chairs against the wall and watched. The walls were painted bright blue and were of wood and the lamps threw their shadows against them. The negro’s shadow was huge and it moved on the wall as the breeze moved the lamps.
The odds would change back and forth all night and they fed the negro rum and lighted cigarettes for him. Then the negro, after the rum, would try for a tremendous effort and once he had the old man, who was not an old man then but was Santiago El Campeon, nearly three inches off balance. But the old man had raised his hand up to dead even again. He was sure then that he had the negro, who was a fine man and a great athlete, beaten. And at daylight when the bettors were asking that it be called a draw and the referee was shaking his head, he had unleashed his effort and forced the hand of the negro down and down until it rested on the wood. The match had started on a Sunday morning and ended on a Monday morning.
Many of the bettors had asked for a draw because they had to go to work on the docks loading sacks of sugar or at the Havana Coal Company.
Otherwise everyone would have wanted it to go to a finish. But he had finished it anyway and before anyone had to go to work.
For a long time after that everyone had called him The Champion and there had been a return match in the spring. But not much money was bet and he had won it quite easily since he had broken the confidence of the negro from Cienfuegos in the first match. After that he had a few matches and then no more. He decided that he could beat anyone if he wanted to badly enough and he decided that it was bad for his right hand for fishing. He had tried a few practice matches with his left hand. But his left hand had always been a traitor and would not do what he called on it to do and he did not trust it.
Quoted from The Old Man and the Sea
37．Since the old man is the main character, in the hand game, why does Hemingway put more efforts in describing his opponent the negro
A．Because Hemingway himself is an anti-racist who wants to support the colored race.
B．By doing so, he indirectly shows how strong and determined the old man is to readers.
C．He shifts readers’ attention to a new character to neutralize the nervous atmosphere.
D．There is no need to describe the old man because he is well-known to all readers.
38．What does the underlined word “unleashed” in paragraph 2 mean
A．spare B．restrict C．reduce D．loose
39．Which of the followings is TRUE according to the passage
A．Many bettors were afraid of losing their money so they wanted to call the game a draw.
B．The old man had owed his victory over the negro more to his will than to his strength.
C．The referee had been convinced by the bettors that the game be considered a draw
D．Regular hand games should be a good practice to enhance the old man’s fishing skills
40．What can be inferred from the whole passage
A．The old man defeated the negro more than once in the matches with his will power
B．Many workers working on the docks had showed no respect towards the old man.
C．The old man had to self-feed himself a lot so as to stay competitive in the game.
D．The negro was not as strong and athletic as the old man had expected him to be.
参考答案
题号 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
答案 D B A C B A A D C C
题号 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
答案 C C B D C A D A C B
题号 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
答案 B C B A C B D C D A
题号 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
答案 C B C A B C B D B A
1．D 2．B 3．A 4．C
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了物理学家Stephen Hawking的个人经历以及成就。
1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“As one of the well-known physicists on space and time in the world, Hawking devoted his whole life to discovering the secrets of the universe, and he is called the King of the Universe.(作为世界上关于空间和时间最著名的物理学家，Hawking将他的一生致力于发现宇宙的秘密，他被称为宇宙之王。)”可知，Hawking被称为宇宙之王，故选D。
2．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“In 1965, he got a doctor’s degree.(在1965年，他获得了博士学位。)”可知，Hawking在1965年获得了博士学位，故选B。
3．细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“Hawking was known for his work with black holes.(Hawking因其对黑洞的研究而闻名。)”可知，Hawking因其对黑洞的研究而闻名，故选A。
4．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“From Stephen Hawking’s whole life, we learn that no matter how bad life is, we should not lose hope.(从Stephen Hawking的一生我们可以知道，无论生活有多糟糕，我们都不应该失去希望。)”可推知，霍金的一生告诉我们，无论生活有多糟糕，我们都不应该失去希望，故选C。
5．B 6．A 7．A 8．D
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Peter叔叔用挥手致意使他人快乐的故事。
5．细节理解题。由文章第一段中“He is a man full of humor (幽默). (他是一个很有幽默感的人。)”可知，Peter的叔叔是一个充满幽默的人。故选B。
6．细节理解题。由文章第一段中“His uncle drove his car to the station to meet him. On their way home, they saw many people. (他叔叔开车去车站接他。在回家的路上，他们看到了很多人。)”可知，Peter的叔叔开车去车站接他，因此他们回家是开车。故选A。
7．细节理解题。由文章第二段中““No, Peter,” answered his uncle. “When I wave to someone who knows me, he’ll feel happy. When I wave to someone and he doesn’t know me, he will feel surprised and then he will have something to think about, he will make his road seem shorter (更短). So I can make everybody happy.” (‘不，彼得，’他叔叔回答。‘当我向认识我的人挥手时，他会感到高兴。当我向一个不认识我的人挥手时，他会感到惊讶，然后他会有一些事情要思考，他会让他的路看起来更短。这样我就能让每个人都开心了。’)”可知，Peter的叔叔并不是认识那里所有的人，只是认识其中一些人。故选A。
8．细节理解题。由文章第二段最后一句“So I can make everybody happy. (这样我就能让每个人都开心了。)”可知，Peter的叔叔想要让每个人都开心。故选D。
9．C 10．C 11．C 12．C
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者与父母去小村庄体验简单生活并帮助迷路小女孩的经历。
9．细节理解题。由文章第一段中“Last summer, I went on a trip to a small village with my parents. We wanted to experience the simple life there. The village was surrounded by beautiful mountains and green fields. (去年夏天，我和父母去一个小村庄旅行。我们想体验那里的简单生活)”可知，作者去那个小村庄是为了体验那里的简单生活。故选C。
10．细节理解题。由文章第二段中“One day, we decided to go hiking in the mountains. As we walked along the narrow path, we saw a little girl sitting by the side of the road. She was crying. (有一天，我们决定去山上远足。当我们沿着狭窄的小路走的时候，我们看到一个小女孩坐在路边。她在哭)”可知，当他们徒步旅行时，他们看到一个小女孩在路边哭。故选C。
11．细节理解题。由文章第二段中“We walked with her for about an hour until we finally reached her village. Her parents were very grateful and invited us to their home for dinner. (我们和她一起走了大约一个小时，最后到达了她的村庄。她的父母非常感激，邀请我们去他们家吃饭)”可知，小女孩的父母看到女儿时非常感激。故选C。
12．细节理解题。由文章第三段中“That night, as I lay in bed, I thought about the kind people in the village and the good deed we had done. It made me feel really happy. (那天晚上，当我躺在床上时，我想起了村里善良的人们和我们所做的好事。这让我感到非常开心)”可知，作者那天晚上想到了善良的人和善行。故选C。
13．B 14．D 15．C 16．A
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者改造花园土壤的过程，通过可持续方法恢复土壤生机，并领悟到土壤如同有生命的存在。
13．细节理解题。根据第一段中“I soon discovered, however, that the soil was unproductive, clay-heavy and littered with stones. (然而，我很快发现土壤贫瘠，粘土多，到处都是石头。)”可知，作者花园里的土壤问题是贫瘠且多石的。故选B。
14．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Two core principles of modern agriculture can guide this shift: minimizing soil disturbance and emphasizing biodiversity. (现代农业的两个核心原则可以指导这一转变：尽量减少对土壤的干扰并强调生物多样性。)”以及后续描写作者尝试应用这些方法，包括让植物自然生长和分解，引入不同的植物和恢复其生态群落等，可推断出作者园艺方法的重点是创造一个可持续的环境。故选D。
15．推理判断题。根据第五段“In May, I decided to relocate a flowering plant. As I dug the plant out, all manner of life emerged. Earthworms swung from the roots. A daddy longlegs hurried for shelter. Below the plant I even noticed the fine white fungal mycelium (真菌菌丝). (五月份，我决定移栽一株开花的植物。当我把这株植物挖出来时，各种各样的生命出现了。蚯蚓从根部悬垂下来，一只长腿蜘蛛急忙寻找遮蔽处。在植物下方，我还注意到了细小的白色真菌菌丝。)”以及最后一段中“Running my fingers through the soil, I understood, more clearly than ever before, that I transformed much more than my yard - it completely changed the way I think about soil. (我用手指划过土壤，比以往任何时候都更清楚地意识到，我改变的不仅仅是我的院子——它完全改变了我对土壤的看法。)”可推知，作者提到五月的重新种植是为了展示土壤已经恢复了活力。故选C。
16．主旨大意题。根据最后一段中“It’s not simply as a medium for life, but as a living entity (个体) in its own right. Although science still lacks an agreed definition of life, textbooks highlight criteria widely considered to differentiate the living and nonliving. Soil meets many of them: It has a highly organized structure. It has a capacity for active self-preservation. It grows. It breathes. And it can die. (它不仅仅是一种承载生命的介质，而是一个独立的生命体。尽管科学界对生命的定义尚未达成一致，但教科书强调了一些广泛用于区分生物与非生物的标准。土壤符合其中的许多标准：它具有高度有序的结构，具备积极自我保护的能力，能够生长，能够呼吸，并且也可能会死亡。)”可知，最后一段传达的是“土壤有灵魂”的意思。故选A。
17．D 18．A 19．C 20．B
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。作者在祖父的地下室发现了一本记载家族历史的文件夹。通过与祖父一起阅读这些记录，作者深入了解了家族历史，意识到传承故事的重要性，呼吁大家记录并珍惜家族故事。
17．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“I had always longed to learn more about our family history, and now, here it was before me.(我一直渴望更多地了解我们的家族史，而现在，它就在我面前)”可知，作者一直渴望了解更多关于家族的历史，现在这份历史就摆在他面前。因此，作者仔细阅读Historia Antigua是为了探索家族历史。故选D。
18．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“His face lit up when I admitted it, and then together we spent hours reading Historia Antigua, discussing family trees, identity, and history. Abuelo explained names and places in Spanish, Arabic, and Hebrew — each conversation deepening my understanding of our family history.(当我承认这一点时，他的脸上露出了笑容，然后我们一起花了几个小时阅读Historia Antigua,，讨论家谱、身份和历史。祖父用西班牙语、阿拉伯语和希伯来语解释人名和地名——每一次对话都加深了我对我们家族历史的了解)”可知，当作者承认阅读了Historia Antigua时，祖父的脸上露出了笑容，并且他们一起花了几个小时阅读这本书。这表明祖父对作者阅读这本书的态度是赞成的。故选A。
19．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Record their stories — because family stories are the threads that connect us to who we are and where we come from.(记录他们的故事——因为家庭故事是将我们与我们是谁以及我们来自哪里联系起来的线索)”可推知，作者建议记录家族故事，因为家族故事是将我们与我们的身份和起源联系起来的线索。故选C。
20．主旨大意题。根据全文内容以及第二段“I had always longed to learn more about our family history, and now, here it was before me. I was holding a treasure collection of letters, diaries, travelogues, and news clippings — documents recording centuries of our family’s past, passed down from my grandfather’s father. It was more than just written records; it was an oral history preserved in writing.( 我一直渴望更多地了解我们的家族史，而现在，它就在我面前。我手里拿着一堆珍贵的信件、日记、游记和剪报——这些文件记录了我们家几个世纪的历史，是我祖父传下来的。它不仅仅是书面记录；这是一部以文字形式保存下来的口述历史)”可知，文章围绕着作者发现祖父写的“Historia Antigua”展开，这本书承载着家族几个世纪的过往，是家族历史传承的重要载体，如同家族遗产一般，所以最合适的标题是“Historia Antigua: A Family Legacy(Historia Antigua：一份家族遗产)”。故选B。
21．B 22．C 23．B 24．A
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Aryaman Khandelwal看到印度马哈拉施特拉邦医疗现状后，历时数年设计出Get2Greater应用程序以改善医疗服务的故事。
21．词句猜测题。根据划线词前文“a place that lacked qualified doctors and healthcare workers(缺乏合格医生和保健工作者的地方)”和后文“who might quit studying after a year of medicine school and return home as ‘healthcare providers’.(他们可能在医学院学习一年后就辍学回家，然后以‘医疗服务提供者’自居)”可知，这个地方缺乏合格的医生，他们没有完成医学学习就开始提供医疗服务，显然是没有资质的。所以，划线词quacks指的是“没有资质的医生；江湖郎中”，与同义“Doctors who are unqualified.”。故选B项。
22．细节理解题。根据第四段中“At the time, the MAHAN Trust was training village health workers to carry out basic medical tasks, such as taking measurements and transporting data to hospitals for review. Through them, Khandelwal learned that only 10 to 15 trained workers served a population of 200,000.(当时，MAHAN信托正在培训乡村卫生工作者执行基本医疗任务，例如测量和将数据传送到医院进行审查。通过他们，Khandelwal了解到只有10到15名训练有素的卫生工作者为20万人口服务)”可知，MAHAN信托面临的挑战是广大社区的医疗服务提供者不足。故选C项。
23．细节理解题。根据第五段中“That’s where Get2Greater came in — it separates the unhealthy from the healthy, so doctors can focus on more pressing cases. The app can record basic health related data points, compile (汇编) them in order of priority and send them to doctors nearby.(这就是Get2Greater发挥作用的地方——它能将不健康的人与健康的人区分开来，这样医生就可以专注于更紧急的病例。该应用程序可以记录基本的健康相关数据点，按优先级汇编这些数据，并将其发送给附近的医生)”可知，Get2Greater应用程序通过处理数据让医生关注更紧急的病例来发挥作用。故选B项。
24．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Then a senior at Parkland High School, Khandelwal went on to design Get2Greater over the next couple of years, an AI driven app to improve access to healthcare services.(当时还是帕克兰高中高年级学生的Khandelwal，在接下来的几年里继续设计了Get2Greater，这是一款由人工智能驱动的应用程序，旨在改善医疗服务的可及性)”以及Khandelwal后续不断改进应用程序等一系列努力可知，他有创新精神且有坚定的决心和投入。所以他是创新且有奉献精神的。故选A项。
25．C 26．B 27．D 28．C
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了一位单身父亲在儿子高中毕业、即将上大学前的最后一个父亲节前夕难以入眠，他从冰箱承载的回忆里感悟，多年支持儿子，如今明白父亲不是一种任务，而是荣耀。
25．推理判断题。根据第一段最后两句“But the evening before the holiday, I couldn’t sleep. What kept me awake was the realization that this would be the last Father’s day before my kid left for college.(但在这个节日的前一天晚上，我无法入睡。让我睡不着的是我意识到这将是我儿子去上大学前的最后一个父亲节)”可知，作者因为意识到这是儿子去上大学前的最后一个父亲节，对这个特殊的父亲节感触颇深，所以睡不着。故选C项。
26．细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“The refrigerator is a super-sized memory book of my son’s life.(冰箱是一本超大号的我儿子生活的记忆之书)”可知，冰箱对这个家庭很重要，是因为它承载着家庭过往日子的回忆。故选B项。
27．细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“I began to go through the objects of significant emotional value, which required me to pull the fridge out because all the baby items were pushed to the sides.(我开始翻找那些具有重大情感价值的物品，这就需要我把冰箱拉出来，因为所有孩子小时候的东西都被推到了冰箱侧面)”可知，作者拉出冰箱是为了翻找那些具有重大情感价值的物品，找出个人纪念品。故选D项。
28．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段最后一句“Back then I assumed it was my fatherly duty to support my son’s activities, but now I understood that I was wrong. After years of supporting, guiding, and loving my son, I finally recognized that taking part in my son’s life on any level was not a duty— it was an honor.(当时我以为支持儿子的活动是我作为父亲的责任，但现在我明白我错了。在多年的支持、指导和爱我的儿子之后，我终于意识到，在任何层面参与我儿子的生活不是一种义务，而是一种荣耀)”可知，作者明白自己错了，是因为作者意识到做父亲更多的是一种荣耀，而不是一种任务。故选C项。
29．D 30．A 31．C 32．B
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在高中毕业后选专业和大学期间更换专业的心路历程。作者通过自身经历告诉读者，大学不仅是学术学习场所，更是个人探索和自我发现的舞台，鼓励学生在大学期间探索和发现适合自己的道路。
29． 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“High school ended and all I remembered was feeling stuck. Most of my peers (同龄人) had picked out their majors and some even planned their careers. But I was still wondering about that. (高中结束了，我只记得被困住了。我的大多数同龄人都选择了自己的专业，有些人甚至计划了自己的职业生涯。但我仍对此感到疑惑。)”可知，作者在高中毕业后感到迷茫主要是因为她在确定未来方向上遇到了难题。故选D项。
30．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“It would complement (补充) my communications degree while providing me with the necessary business courses that were outside of the program. Without hesitation, I scheduled marketing into my studies, with the goal of using that newfound knowledge to accompany the technical skills that my major would provide me with. (它将补充我的沟通学位，同时为我提供课程之外的必要商业课程。我毫不犹豫地将市场营销纳入我的学习计划，目的是利用新学到的知识来配合我的专业将为我提供的技术技能。)”可知，作者认为市场营销能够作为她传播学学位的补充，同时也能提供课程之外的必要的商业知识，也就是说市场营销对作者的吸引力主要在于它的商业课程。故选A项。
31．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“As time went on, I found myself enjoying the marketing courses more than the communications courses, and it was then that I first began to consider making a change. (随着时间的推移，我发现自己更喜欢营销课程而不是沟通课程，就在那时，我第一次开始考虑做出改变。)”可知，作者在大学期间发现自己更喜欢营销课程，而不是最初选择的传播学课程，这促使作者考虑转专业。故选C项。
32．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“It’s perfectly fine to come into university thinking you want one thing and finding out along the way that it might not be the right path for you. (进入大学时，你认为自己想要一件事，但一路上发现这可能不是你的正确选择，这是完全可以的。)”以及结合作者转专业的经历及其对待转专业的态度“I couldn’t be happier about making the change (做出改变，我高兴极了)”可推断，作者建议高中生对在大学中改变初衷或者改变学术道路（转专业）持开放态度。故选B项。
33．C 34．A 35．B 36．C
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了《华尔街日报》的退休记者、癌症幸存者尼尔·金决定踏上一段旅程，以探索美国丰富历史的一小部分，寻求重新发现其根源，他选择了步行作为旅行方式，并分享了他在旅途中的所见所感。
33．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Only a few adventurous individuals sailed the seas, drove wagons, or rode horses, and the majority of people throughout human history have relied on their own two feet for transportation, moving one step at a time. Perhaps that’s why retired The Wall Street Journal reporter and cancer survivor Neil King decided to take a journey to explore a small part of America’s rich history, seeking to rediscover its roots.(在人类历史上，只有少数冒险家航海、驾驶马车或骑马，而大多数人则依靠自己的双脚一步一步地行走。也许这就是为什么《华尔街日报》的退休记者、癌症幸存者尼尔·金决定踏上一段旅程，去探索美国丰富历史的一小部分，寻求重新发现其根源)”和第五段“Meanwhile, the health benefits of walking are obvious: increased cardio capacity, deeper breathing that energizes the lung, and power to almost every muscle in the body. On another level, moving through the small details of lives intertwined with history and emotion gives him a sense of what we can accomplish.(与此同时，步行对健康的好处是显而易见的：增加心肺功能，深呼吸使肺部充满活力，几乎身体的每一块肌肉都有力量。在另一个层面上，通过与历史和情感交织在一起的生活的小细节，让他意识到我们可以完成什么)”可知，在人类历史上，大多数人依靠步行旅行，尼尔选择步行作为他的旅行方式，是遵循了最常见的做法。同时步行也能给个体的健康和精神带来好处，也是提升自己的机会。故选C项。
34．主旨大意题。根据第三段“It seemed appropriate to start the journey into America’s past in Washington, D.C. ‘This is the front yard, the nation’s front yard,’ Neil said. ‘It just seemed like the perfect place to start this walk.’ Then Neil crossed the Mason-Dixon Line, which runs through the middle of a 19th-century farm. In York, he walked through a cemetery, where some volunteers were cleaning up and honoring unsung heroes. In Pennsylvania, he stopped for an afternoon to socialize with some locals.(在华盛顿特区开始美国过去的旅程似乎很合适。‘这是前院，国家的前院，’尼尔说。‘这里似乎是开始这次步行的完美地方。’然后尼尔穿过了梅森-狄克森线，这条线穿过一个19世纪农场的中部。在约克，他穿过一个公墓，那里有一些志愿者正在清理并纪念那些无名英雄。在宾夕法尼亚州，他停下来花了一个下午的时间和当地人社交)”可知，本段主要讲述了尼尔在华盛顿特区开始旅程，穿越了梅森-狄克森线，在约克穿过公墓，在宾夕法尼亚州停下来和当地人社交，所以尼尔的步行经历是本段主要内容。故选A项。
35．词句猜测题。根据第三段中“Then Neil crossed the Mason-Dixon Line, which runs through the middle of a 19th-century farm. In York, he walked through a cemetery (公墓), where some volunteers were cleaning up and honoring unsung heroes. In Pennsylvania, he stopped for an afternoon to socialize with some locals.(然后尼尔穿过了梅森-迪克森线，这条线贯穿了一个19世纪农场的中部。在约克，他走过一个公墓，那里有一些志愿者正在打扫卫生，纪念无名英雄。在宾夕法尼亚州，他停下来一个下午，与一些当地人进行社交)”可知，在尼尔的旅行中，他会接触到各种与历史相互交织的生活细节。划线词所在句“On another level, moving through the small details of lives intertwined with history and emotion gives him a sense of what we can accomplish.(在另一个层面上，穿过与历史和情感intertwined的生活的小细节，让他意识到我们可以完成什么)”中“intertwined with history and emotion”作后置定语，修饰名词词组small details of lives，划线词意思是“交织，有联系”，与connected意思相近。故选B项。
36．细节理解题。根据最后一段中尼尔的话“Finally, I think the walk, despite all the gloomy thoughts that can arise from various episodes in our history and past, unexpectedly filled me with a more constructive expectation for what’s to come.(最后，我认为，尽管我们的历史和过去中发生的各种事件可能会引发许多阴郁的想法，但这次步行却出乎意料地让我对未来充满了更具建设性的期待)”可知，尼尔最后感觉对未来充满了乐观和期待。故选C项。
37．B 38．D 39．B 40．A
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了海明威《老人与海》的片段，老人和黑人比赛的情节。
37．推理判断题。文章第一段讲到“he had played the hand game with the great negro from Cienfuegos who was the strongest man on the docks. (他和Cienfuegos的强大的黑人玩过扳手腕，后者是码头上最强壮的人)”可知，和老人进行比赛的黑人是码头上最强壮的。在下文中，作者介绍了老人和黑人比赛的过程和结果：老人通过努力，打败了黑人。由此推知，第二段对黑人对手进行更多的描述是为了反衬出老人的强壮和坚定。故选B。
38．词义猜测题。划线单词下文“forced the hand of the negro down and down until it rested on the wood. (用力将黑人的手往下压，直到它停在木头上)”可推知要将黑人的手压下去必须释放全部力气，因此带下划线单词的意思是：“释放”，故选D。
39．细节理解题。文章倒数第二段讲到“But not much money was bet and he had won it quite easily since he had broken the confidence of the negro from Cienfuegos in the first match. (但赌注不多，他很容易就赢了，因为他在第一场比赛中就打破了西恩富戈斯黑人的信心。)”可知根据文章，这位老人对黑人的胜利更多地归功于他的意志，而不是他的力量，故选B。
40．推理判断题。文章最后一段讲到“there had been a return match in the spring. But not much money was bet and he had won it quite easily since he had broken the confidence of the negro from Cienfuegos in the first match. (并在春季举行了一次回归赛。但赌注不多，他很容易就赢了，因为他在第一场比赛中就打破了西恩富戈斯黑人的信心。)”以及“He decided that he could beat anyone if he wanted to badly enough (他决定，如果他非常想打败任何人，他都可以打败任何人。)”可知，从整篇文章中可以推断出这位老人在比赛中用他的意志力不止一次击败了那个黑人。故选A。
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