专题一第7讲 阅读理解 体裁微解-说明文【高分攻略】2025年高考英语题型技巧解读（含解析）

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第7讲 体裁微解——说明文
一、近五年考情分析
说明：
1. 难度系数：取值范围为0 - 1，数值越接近1表明难度越低，该数据综合考量文章的词汇量、句子复杂程度、题目设问难度等多方面因素。
2. 易错点分析：基于对学生答题情况的统计和深入剖析得出，精准反映出学生在说明文阅读理解中常见的丢分原因。
二、命题特点
（一）科普知识类
1. 词汇专业性强：文章中充斥着大量专业术语和复杂的科学词汇，像“artificial intelligence（人工智能）”“quantum mechanics（量子力学）”“CRISPR gene - editing technology（CRISPR基因编辑技术）”等。这些词汇对于考生来说可能较为陌生，需要具备一定的猜词能力和词汇积累才能理解文章内容。
2. 逻辑结构严谨：通常遵循“提出问题 - 分析问题 - 解决问题”或“现象阐述 - 原理分析 - 应用前景”的结构。例如，先介绍某种新型材料的研发背景，接着深入分析其物理化学特性，最后探讨在各个领域的应用可能性。这种严谨的逻辑结构有助于考生梳理文章脉络，但也要求考生具备较强的逻辑分析能力。
3. 题型多样：细节理解题考查考生对文中具体科学信息的准确把握，如实验步骤、技术参数等；推理判断题要求考生依据已知科学知识和文章内容进行合理推断，如根据某种科学现象推断其产生的原因；主旨大意题则考查考生对文章整体科学主题和核心观点的概括能力。
（二）生态环保类
1. 数据列举频繁：为了直观地说明生态环境问题的严重性或环保措施的成效，文章中常常列举大量的数据。比如“全球每年有1000万公顷的森林遭到砍伐”“某河流的化学需氧量（COD）超标50%”等。通过这些数据，考生需要准确理解生态环境问题的现状和变化趋势。
2. 观点态度鲜明：作者通常会明确表达对生态环境问题的担忧以及对环保行动的支持态度。可能会使用“urgent（紧迫的）”“vital（至关重要的）”等形容词，或者直接陈述观点，如“We must take immediate actions to protect our environment（我们必须立即采取行动来保护环境）”。因此，观点态度题是常见的考查题型之一。
3. 联系现实生活：文章内容与日常生活紧密相关，会提及人们日常生活中的行为对生态环境的影响，以及个人可以采取的环保措施。例如，倡导减少使用一次性塑料制品、鼓励绿色出行等，使考生在理解文章时更容易产生共鸣，也能引导考生将环保理念应用到实际生活中。
三、解题技巧
（一）科普知识类
1. 快速浏览，掌握主旨：迅速浏览文章标题、首尾段和每段首句，确定文章的核心科学主题，明确文章是关于哪种科学现象、技术或理论的介绍。例如，看到标题“New Breakthrough in Solar Energy Technology（太阳能技术的新突破）”，就能初步判断文章围绕太阳能技术的新进展展开。
2. 剖析结构，定位信息：依据文章严谨的逻辑结构，确定各部分内容的作用。在解答题目时，根据题干中的关键词，快速定位到相应的段落和句子，提取关键信息。若题目询问某种技术的应用领域，就到介绍应用前景的部分寻找答案。
3. 巧用语境，猜测词义：遇到专业术语时，不要惊慌，结合上下文语境、解释说明、举例等线索来猜测词义。比如，“Astronomy, the study of celestial objects such as stars, planets, and galaxies, has made great progress in recent years.”通过“the study of celestial objects such as stars, planets, and galaxies”的解释，能明白“Astronomy”是天文学的意思。
4. 合理推理，避免臆断：推理判断题要基于文章中给出的科学知识和信息进行合理推断，不能过度推理或加入主观臆想。比如，文章仅表明某种新型药物在实验室测试中表现良好，就不能推断它已能完全治愈某种疾病。
（二）生态环保类
1. 关注数据，分析趋势：对文章中出现的数据进行重点关注，分析数据所反映的生态环境问题的变化趋势，是恶化还是改善。通过对比不同时期的数据，准确理解文章内容。例如，“某地区过去五年空气质量优良天数比例从30%提升到了50%”，表明该地区空气质量有所改善。
2. 把握态度，理解意图：留意作者表达观点态度的词汇和语句，准确判断作者对生态环境问题的看法以及写作意图。是呼吁人们重视环保，还是介绍某种环保措施的优势，从而精准回答观点态度题和主旨大意题。
3. 联系生活，辅助理解：将文章内容与日常生活中的环保现象和行为联系起来，帮助理解文章。比如，文章提到“垃圾分类”，考生可结合自己在生活中对垃圾分类的了解，更好地把握文章内容。
4. 对比选项，排除干扰：在做选择题时，仔细对比选项与原文内容，排除与原文不符、过于绝对或偏离文章主旨的选项。若选项中出现“all（所有）”“never（从不）”等绝对词汇时，要格外留意，除非文章中有明确表述，否则很可能是错误选项。
四、易错失分点
（一）科普知识类
1. 词汇理解偏差：被大量专业词汇阻碍，无法准确理解文章基本内容，导致答题错误。考生平时要注重积累科普类词汇，加强根据语境猜词的练习，扩大词汇量。
2. 逻辑分析不足：没有理清文章的逻辑结构，在回答涉及文章整体框架或段落关系的题目时出错。做题前先梳理文章结构，明确各部分之间的逻辑关系，有助于避免此类错误。
3. 推理过度：在推理判断题中，脱离文章实际内容，过度发挥想象，得出错误结论。牢记推理要以原文为依据，不能主观臆断，每一个推断都要有文中信息支撑。
（二）生态环保类
1. 数据解读错误：对文章中的数据信息理解不清，将不同地区、不同时间、不同对象的数据混淆，导致答题错误。阅读时要对数据进行标记和整理，明确数据所对应的具体内容，仔细分析数据反映的问题。
2. 态度判断失误：没有准确把握作者的观点态度，将作者的支持或反对态度理解错误。做题时要关注作者使用的形容词、副词以及直接表达观点的语句，全面理解作者意图。
3. 主旨把握不准：在概括文章主旨时，没有抓住文章的核心要点，仅关注到部分内容，导致主旨概括片面。要综合考虑文章的各个方面，提炼出最能体现文章主题的主旨。
五、考题演练
1
（24-25高二上·河北衡水·期末）The Chinese Calligraphy Conference (《中国书法大会》) is a cultural program. The program was first broadcast (播出) on CCTV-1at 20:00 on June 2. 2023, and ended on July 7. After appearing, the program quickly became very popular.
The program aimed to search Chinese calligraphy culture and to show the history of Chinese characters and calligraphy. Through using modern technologies, the program expected to bring new life to this ancient art form.
The program invited many famous calligraphers and artists to teach us the history and writing skills of Chinese calligraphy. What they also show us is how Chinese calligraphy has developed and changed today. We could see how beautiful calligraphy is and how profound Chinese culture is. For example, the program showed Preface to the Orchid Pavilion (《兰亭集序》) through performance, and then experts explained this calligraphy work from background to brushwork (笔法). It left a deep influence on viewers. There is no doubt that the show is a great success.
The Chinese Calligraphy Conference is not only a fun program, but a way to learn about the culture of Chinese calligraphy. It makes more people understand and love the art of Chinese calligraphy. It also brings new life to Chinese calligraphy and makes it shine brightly. Chinese calligraphy is our most valuable treasure. For young people, we should take an active part in learning these excellent traditional cultures such as calligraphy, and then spread them to let more people know about China. Let’s take action right now!
1．When was this cultural program first broadcast
A．On June 2nd. B．On June 7th. C．On July 2nd. D．On July 7th.
2．The underlined word “profound” probably means “________” in the passage.
A．bright B．deep C．modern D．special
3．We mainly get to know the ________ of the Chinese Calligraphy Conference from the Paragraph 4.
A．popularity B．new form C．influence D．preparation
4．The passage is written to call on people to ________.
A．practice calligraphy B．create new programs
C．watch more CCTV programs D．spread traditional Chinese cultures
2
（23-24高二下·云南·期末）Laptop computers (笔记本电脑) are popular all over the world. In the United States today, lap-tops also connect students to their classrooms. Westlake College in Virginia will start a laptop computer program whose main purpose is to allow students to do schoolwork anywhere.
Within five years, each of the 1,500 students at the college will receive a laptop. The laptops are part of a $10,000,000 computer program at Westlake, a 110-year-old college. The students with lap- tops will be able to use e-mail to “speak” with their teachers, their classmates and their families, without going to computer labs. They can use it at home, in a fast-food restaurant or under the trees — anywhere at all!
Because of many changes in computer technology, laptop use in higher education, such as colleges and universities, is workable. As laptops become more powerful, they can connect students to not only the Internet, but also libraries and other resources.
At Westlake College, more than 60% of the staff use computers. The laptops will allow teachers to use computers in their lessons. As some Westlake teachers said, “Here we are in the middle of Virginia and we’re giving students a window on the world. They can see everything and do everything.”
5．What is the main purpose of the laptop computer program
A．To help people work at home.
B．To connect students to libraries.
C．To encourage students to surf the Internet.
D．To allow students to do schoolwork anywhere.
6．Which of the following is true about Westlake College
A．Students must do their homework in computer labs.
B．1,500 students of the college will receive laptops.
C．All the staff of the college use computers.
D．It is a new college in America.
7．What’s some teachers’ attitude towards the program
A．Doubtful. B．Worrying. C．Supportive. D．Uncaring.
8．What is the best title for the text
A．A Laptop Program in Westlake College B．Laptop Computers Make People Closer
C．A Famous College in Virginia: Westlake D．Computer Technology Provides Resources
3
（24-25高一上·安徽阜阳·期末）Wearing sports clothes, many Chinese people will go outdoors happily with their families or friends on March 12. They are just planting trees on this special day — China's Arbor Day (中国植树节).
When it comes to China’s Arbor Day, we can't help thinking of Mr. Ling Daoyang. He was born in 1888. When he worked as an English teacher in Beijing, he got a chance to study forestry (林业) at Yale University. After graduating in 1914, he returned to China and became a famousexpert in forestry science. In 1915, he advised that the Qingming Festival should also be China’s Arbor Day. His suggestion was welcomed by most people. In 1929, National Arbor Day was moved to March 12, the day Mr. Sun Yat-sen passed away, who did much to support forestry.
In 1979, March 12 was officially announced as China’s Arbor Day. Since then, thousands of trees have been planted all over China, making our country much more beautiful.
China’s Arbor Day is educational for all of us. It reminds us that we should protect our earth and thank our old generations, who planted green, hope and joy for us.
9．According to the text, people often go outdoors on March 12 to ______.
A．do sports B．study English. C．find jobs. D．plant trees.
10．Why was National Arbor Day moved to March 12, in 1929
A．To show interest in the season. B．To show respect to Sun Yat-sen.
C．To make use of people’s free time. D．To make progress in agriculture.
11．When did March 12 become China’s Arbor Day officially
A．In 1888. B．In 1914. C．In 1915. D．In 1979.
12．What is the main idea of the last paragraph
A．The studies of China’s Arbor Day. B．The activities of China’s Arbor Day.
C．The demands of China’s Arbor Day. D．The meanings of China’s Arbor Day.
4
（24-25高三下·安徽合肥·开学考试）A can of soft drink and two large eggs may have a similar number of calories, but the eggs will provide us with protein, vitamins and other nutrients, and satisfy our hunger, while a fizzy drink provides little more than calories. The important concept here is nutrient density (密度), which refers to the number of nutrients we take in for each calorie consumed. No one would suggest replacing sweet drinks with eggs, but what can we do to increase nutrient density in our diet
“Have you had your five a day ” on British supermarket shelves is a reminder to customers to ensure they are eating at least five slices of fruits and vegetables per day, promoting a healthy diet. Many countries have launched similar campaigns to encourage people to eat more healthily. Fresh, natural produce is usually very dense in nutrients. Eating a wide range of fruits and vegetables is important, so some advice focuses on including different colors of food in our diets. “Eating a rainbow” could be one way to get more nutrients.
Other advice recommends that we should be more adventurous in what we eat. Cooking food that we haven’t eaten before can lead us to use ingredients that we don’t usually consume. This can give us a wider range of nutrients. It’s not just about fruit and vegetables. Even flavorings such as garlic, ginger or turmeric can have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, while also leading people to use less salt. Dairy products such as milk and cheese, are high in calcium, while in limited amounts, meat can be a good source of protein.
If you’re not feeling that adventurous, then swapping food items can be beneficial. Choosing wholegrain bread or rice instead of white tread or rice can increase fibre intake. Unsalted nuts provide more nutrients than snacks such as crisps. Possibly surprisingly, popcorn is a wholegrain snack that is high in fibre.
So, fresh fruit and vegetables, swapping the worst things, and just a little bit more adventure could be the secret to a more nutritious diet.
13．What does “Eating a rainbow” suggest
A．Focusing on low-calorie foods.
B．Avoiding white and black foods.
C．Adding variously colored foods to what we eat.
D．Including rainbow-colored snacks in our diets.
14．What can happen if we are more adventurous in our food choices
A．We reduce calories in our diets. B．We eat more fruits and vegetables.
C．We consume more unhealthy food. D．We gain access to diverse nutrients.
15．Which of the following is the healthiest swap
A．Swapping white rice for wholegrain rice.
B．Swapping two eggs for a can of soft drink.
C．Swapping popcorn for wholegrain bread.
D．Swapping unsalted nuts for white bread.
16．Which of the following serves as the best title
A．Eating a balanced diet is essential
B．Nutrient density is key to a healthy diet
C．Eggs are a better choice than sugary drinks
D．Fruits and vegetables are always the best choice
5
（2025·辽宁抚顺·二模）According to new research, babies recognize pretence and around half of children can pretend by themselves by 12 months. The study, led by the University of Bristol, shows for the first time how children’s awareness and grasp of pretence in its various forms develops from birth to three years old.
The lead author said, “Our findings highlight how pretending is a complex, evolving (进化的) process which begins very early on in life, helping their cognitive (认知的) and social skills to advance. Pretence is a key part of children’s learning, creativity, making friends, and understanding of other people. This study maps its many different stages and types.”
The findings are based on results from a survey of 900 parents of children aged from birth up to three years old from the UK, the US, Australia, and Canada. The earliest reported age when children understand pretence was four months and by the age of 13 months, around half were reported to discern pretence by others. Around half of 12-month-olds were reported to be pretending regularly themselves.
Researchers identified 18 different types of pretence which emerge and progress in the early years. One-year-olds’ pretence was shown to initially involve their bodies, for example, pretending to sleep. They may also gesture objects and actions, such as brushing their teeth with a finger or pretending with objects for their intended purpose like drinking out of an empty cup.
The researchers hope their research will help parents and preschool teachers understand and identify which types of pretence are appropriate to try with children at certain ages, supporting their learning, creativity, and friendships.
The lead author said, “With further research, the findings have the potential to be used as a diagnostic tool for developmental differences in early years. This could ultimately help parents, preschool educators, and medical professionals better understand how to play with children at different stages of development.”
17．How can pretence impact babies
A．By enhancing their physical strength.
B．By boosting their cognitive development.
C．By making them more resistant to illness.
D．By teaching them to read and write earlier.
18．What does the underlined word “discern” in paragraph 3 mean
A．Recognize. B．Force. C．Interrupt. D．Criticise.
19．What might the findings bring
A．New learning skills in science.
B．Changes in secondary education.
C．Better play methods for primary students.
D．Ways to assess developmental differences.
20．What can be the best title for the text
A．How Babies Learn to Pretend
B．The Process of Pretence in Children
C．New Insights into Early Childhood Pretence
D．The Role of Pretence in Human Development
6
（2025·福建福州·二模）A new study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS) challenges long-held assumptions about human cooperation. Traditionally, cooperation has been studied through repeated interactions that allow individuals to build trust and win-win relationships, adjusting their behavior based on others’ actions. However, many real-world situations, such as volunteering or donating to crisis relief, involve one-time decisions with no anticipated future interactions. This study, co-authored by Dr. Natalie Struwe, Prof. Esther Blanco alongside Prof. James Walker, explored how individuals cooperate when they only have one opportunity to do so within a social group.
Their experiments involving over 2,000 participants examined the benefits from cooperation in public good provision. Despite increased benefits, there was no significant change in how much individuals were willing to cooperate. As participants did not expect others to cooperate more when benefits increased, they were unlikely to increase their own cooperation efforts — even when the benefits of cooperation doubled.
“Our findings highlight a gap in our understanding of cooperative behavior in single-encounter settings,” said Dr. Struwe. “Self-interest conflicts with social interests. With higher benefits from cooperation, however, this conflict is much lower and we would expect to see much higher cooperation rates. But, we were surprised to find that even significantly increased benefits did not lead to greater cooperation efforts.”
“We couldn’t believe the results ourselves at first, double-checked the data several times, and repeated the study with several populations,” said Professor Esther Blanco. “In the end, we gathered nearly 2,000 data points, conducting experiments online with the general population from the UK. No matter what we did, the results remained consistent. Participants were willing to invest about 40% of their available money to boost group earnings, regardless of the setting.”
“Cooperation in one-time situations is more common than we think.” Explained Prof. Walker. The study’s results have important implications for encouraging cooperation in urgent, one-time scenarios like disaster relief and highlight the need for a deeper understanding of cooperative behavior, a defining characteristic of humanity.
21．What did the previous study center on
A．Cooperation shown in crises.
B．Interaction boosted by bonds.
C．Interaction repeated among strangers.
D．Cooperation based on constant interactions.
22．What factor may affect participants’ willingness to cooperate
A．Expectations of others.
B．Higher rewards.
C．Joint efforts of the team.
D．Interest conflicts.
23．What is Blanco’s finding about cooperation levels
A．They increased regularly.
B．They varied greatly.
C．They were relatively stable.
D．They were unpredictable.
24．What would be the best title for the article
A．The Impact of Trust on Cooperation Decisions
B．Reevaluating Benefits in Cooperative Behavior
C．Human Interaction: Beyond Long-Term Firm Cooperation
D．Rethinking Cooperation: Insights from One-Time Decisions
7
（24-25高三下·湖北·阶段练习）A technology with roots going back to the Bronze Age may offer a fast and inexpensive approach to helping achieve the United Nations climate goal of net zero emissions by 2050, according to recent Stanford-led research.
The technology involves fitting heat-absorbing bricks in an insulated (隔热的) container, where they can store heat generated by solar or wind power for later use in industrial processes. The heat can then be released when needed by passing air through channels in the piles of “firebricks”, thus allowing cement, steel, glass, and paper factories to run on renewable energy even when wind and sunshine are unavailable. These systems are a form of thermal energy (热能) storage. The bricks are made from the same materials as the bricks that lined primitive kilns (窑) thousands of years ago.
Batteries can store electricity and provide it to generate heat on demand. “The differences between firebrick storage and battery storage are that the firebricks store heat rather than electricity and that their cost is one-tenth the cost of batteries,” said lead study author Mark Z. Jacobson, a professor at Stanford University. “The materials are basically just the components of dirt. ”
The researchers adopted computer models to compare costs, land needs, health impacts, and emissions involved in two scenarios for an imagined future where 149 countries in 2050 are using renewable sources for all energy purposes. In one scenario, firebricks provide 90% of industrial process heat. In the other, there’s zero adoption of firebricks or other forms of thermal energy storage. The researchers found the scenario with firebricks could cut costs by $1.27 trillion across the 149 countries, while reducing the demand for electrical energy and energy storage capacity from batteries.
Jacobson’s focus on firebricks is relatively new, inspired by a desire to identify effective solutions that could be adopted quickly. “Here I can see a substantial benefits at low cost from multiple angles, from helping reduce air pollution deaths to making it easier to turn the world to clean energy,” he said.
25．What is paragraph 2 mainly about
A．How firebrick storage technology works. B．How firebricks are produced sustainably.
C．What thermal energy means scientifically. D．What thermal energy storage is used to do.
26．What advantages do firebrick have over battery
A．Firebrick can store heat and cost less. B．Firebrick can generate more electricity.
C．Firebrick can provide heat more quickly. D．Firebrick is made of more advanced materials.
27．Why are the computer models adopted
A．To test the durability of firebricks. B．To cut the costs of firebricks.
C．To explore the effectiveness of firebricks. D．To test energy storage capacity of firebricks.
28．What might be a suitable title for the text
A．The usage of firebricks can replace batteries.
B．Embracing renewable electricity becomes possible.
C．Innovative systems turn heat into electricity cheaply.
D．An old technology can aid the switch to clean energy.
8
（24-25高二上·河北保定·阶段练习）“Big Tree,” an old southern live oak, sits in a park just outside Orlando’s business district. It’s been struck by lightning at least three times and has survived many hurricanes — and it grew from a seed around the same time Juan Ponce de León’s ship first landed on Florida’s eastern coast.
Over 400 years old, the tree is so impressive that members of a Michigan-based nonprofit flew to Orlando in February to climb the tree and cut branches and leaves. The researchers are now in the midst of the process to grow new roots from the cuttings. The reason: To clone the historic tree, store its DNA and plant potentially thousands of cloned trees across the Southeast.
In order to clone an ancient tree, researchers must climb it to find a piece of live tissue. The freshly cut branches and leaves are taken to the group’s lab in Michigan, where, in climate-controlled rooms, researchers work to promote growth from the cuttings.
The most common method is by rooted cuttings. In this method, a tip of a tree’s branch is dipped (蘸) into hormones, placed into a foam plug (泡沫塞) and set inside a mist room. Then, the waiting begins. A sign of life can take several months to a year to show, if one comes at all. In another method called tissue culture, researchers take a quarter-inch of branch, dip it into a mixture made up of a dozen hormones and other chemicals, seal (密封) it in a container and wait to see whether it will grow roots.
Experts lauded the group for its creative methods and reproduction in large numbers, but they doubt whether the clones will grow as the originals do. Scott Merkle, a professor of forest biology at the University of Georgia, said, “There are so many variables that there’s no certainty that they will be able to survive and perform better than other trees that you plant on the same land”. He added that the age of historic trees makes them difficult to study. “I think it’s a great thing that they’ re doing. I just don’t know how realistic it is.”
29．According to the passage, what do the researchers aim to do
A．To study the reason for the survival of “Big Tree”.
B．To save thousands of trees across the Southeast.
C．To analyse the effects of climate on tree growth.
D．To clone an ancient tree from its original.
30．What do we know about the two methods mentioned in paragraph 4
A．Tissue culture is the most frequently used method.
B．There is a chance that the branch will fail to grow roots.
C．In the first method the live tissue is sealed in a container.
D．A mixture of hormones and other chemicals is needed in both methods.
31．What does the underlined word “lauded” in paragraph 5 mean
A．Praised. B．Met. C．Joined. D．Contacted.
32．What’s Scott Merkle’s attitude to the group’s work
A．Doubtful. B．Positive. C．Cautious. D．Unclear.
9
（24-25高二上·福建泉州·期末）Advocates of AI chatbots in educational settings say the tools can assist in activities like brainstorming — or help students get started on tough math problems. But many teachers say their students are short of the skills to improve upon what AI produces, or the maturity (成熟) and self-awareness to know where the work of AI ends and their own responsibility begins.
A 2024 study of nearly 1,000 high school students put the matter to a test: 9th, 10th, and 11th graders attended a brief math lesson, then practised solving related problems in preparation for a quiz. Some relied on traditional methods — consulting their notes and textbooks to find possible answers — while others had access to a basic version or a tutor version (辅导版) of ChatGPT.
The results were a success of technology — until they weren’t. Students using the basic and tutor GPTs scored an astonishing 48 percent and 127 percent better than their peers during the practices, respectively, but when the same students went to get back the information from their memory during a follow-up closed-book test, their math skills had disappeared. Test performance of the students who had used the basic version of ChatGPT dropped so sharply that they scored 17 percent below their peers who had relied on pen and paper. Given the opportunity, students used the software as a “crutch” and often skipped straight to the answer, the researchers concluded. When applied at key moments, the technology actually “runs the risk of blocking learning.”
But ChatGPT and other similar AI tools aren’t out of the game. In several studies, the tools performed well when designed to guide student learning-by refusing to give away answers, for example, or asking in-depth follow-up questions. AI is making rapid progress, but isn’t a threat to replace teachers. For now, it’s only as smart as its human makers.
33．What is a problem of students when using AI chatbots
A．They are not aware of how AI chatbots work.
B．They lack the ability to employ AI effectively.
C．They are incapable of improving AI chatbots.
D．They refuse to take their own responsibility.
34．How did GPT users perform compared to students using traditional methods
A．Basic GPT users performed best during the practices.
B．Tutor GPT users scored 127% better during the test.
C．Basic GPT users’ performance dropped during the test.
D．Tutor GPT users scored 17% lower during the practices.
35．What does the underlined word “crutch” mean in paragraph 3
A．A device to help people walk. B．A strategy to deepen learning.
C．A tool to improve math skills. D．A shortcut to find quick answers.
36．What are AI tools expected to do in education setting
A．Enhance students’ thinking ability. B．Follow AI designers’ instructions.
C．Give in-depth answers instantly. D．Replace traditional teaching methods.
10
（24-25高二上·上海·期中）Although websites such as Facebook and MySpace experienced increasing growth during the middle of the first decade of the 21st century, some users fail to realize the fact that the information they post online can come back to trouble them. First, employers can monitor employees who maintain a blog, photo diary, or website. Employers can look for troublesome employees’ opinions, sensitive information disclosures, or wildly inappropriate conduct. For example, a North Carolina newspaper fired one of its features writers after she created a blog on which she anonymously wrote about the characteristics of her job and coworkers.
The second unintended use of information from social networking websites is employers who check on potential employees. A New York Times article reported that many companies recruiting (招募) on college campuses use search engines and social networking websites such as MySpace, Xanga, and Facebook to conduct background checks. Although the use of MySpace or Google to investigate a student’s background is somewhat upsetting to many undergraduates, the Times noted that the use of Facebook is especially shocking to students who believe that Facebook is limited to current students and recent alumni.
Company employers are not the only people interested in college students’ lives. The third unintended use of social networking websites is college administrators who monitor the Internet— especially Facebook— for student misconduct. For example, a college in Boston’s Back Bay expelled (除名) its Student Government Association President for joining a Facebook group highly critical of a campus police sergeant. In addition, fifteen students at a state university in North Carolina faced charges in court for underage drinking because of photos that appeared on Facebook.
Although more users of websites such as Facebook are becoming aware of the potential pitfalls (陷阱) of online identities, many regular users still fail to take three basic security precautions. First, only make your information available to a specific list of individuals whom you approve. Second, regularly search for potentially harmful information about yourself that may have been posted by mistake or by a disgruntled (不满的) former colleague. Third, never post offensive material under your name or on your page as, despite the best precautions, this material will likely make its way to the wider world. By taking these simple steps, members of the digital world can realize the many benefits of e- community without experiencing some of the damaging unintended consequences.
37．The main purpose of the passage is to _________.
A．explain the growth of the digital world through from the aspect of privacy
B．discuss the risks of the digital world and suggest ways to protect yourself
C．propose steps Facebook, MySpace, and Google can take to protect user privacy
D．illustrate potential unintended uses of private information
38．The author implies that users should take all of the following actions to protect their online privacy EXCEPT _________.
A．know to whom you make your online information available
B．avoid uploading information that would be damaging if it were discovered
C．carefully select and limit who can view your electronic profile
D．speak with employers to inform them of any misinformation published about you
39．Which of the following best describes the relationship between the last paragraph and the other paragraphs
A．It offers detailed examples to support previous point s of view.
B．It summarizes the points of view in the previous paragraphs.
C．It provides suggestions to solve the previously mentioned problems.
D．It offers evidence to make the previous point s of view clearer.
40．According to the passage, which of following does the writer imply
A．Information obtained unwillingly from the Internet is permissible in court.
B．It is impossible to protect yourself from unintended uses of information online.
C．Even if you restrict who can view your data, the government may still access it.
D．Done properly, posting offensive information about oneself causes no risk.
参考答案
题号 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
答案 A B C D D B C A D B
题号 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
答案 D D C D A B B A D C
题号 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
答案 D A C D A A C D D B
题号 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
答案 A C B C D A B D C A
1．A 2．B 3．C 4．D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了中央电视台播出的中国书法大会这一节目。
1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“The program was first broadcast (播出) on CCTV-1at 20:00 on June 2. 2023, and ended on July 7.(该节目于6月2日20:00在CCTV-1首播。2023年，7月7日结束)”可知，中国书法大会首播时间为6月2日。故选A。
2．词句猜测题。根据前文“The program invited many famous calligraphers and artists to teach us the history and writing skills of Chinese calligraphy. What they also show us is how Chinese calligraphy has developed and changed today(这个项目邀请了许多著名的书法家和艺术家来教我们中国书法的历史和写作技巧。他们还向我们展示了中国书法今天是如何发展和变化的)”以及下文“It left a deep influence on viewers(它给观众留下了深刻的影响)”可知，通过这个节目向大家展示了中国书法悠久的历史，并给观众留下了深刻的印象。由此推知，所猜词的意思为“深远的、深厚的”。故选B。
3．主旨大意题。根据文章第四段“The Chinese Calligraphy Conference is not only a fun program, but a way to learn about the culture of Chinese calligraphy. It makes more people understand and love the art of Chinese calligraphy. It also brings new life to Chinese calligraphy and makes it shine brightly(中国书法大会不仅是一个有趣的节目，还是一个了解中国书法文化的途径。它使更多的人了解和热爱中国书法艺术。它也给中国书法带来了新的生命，使它焕发出光彩)”可知，本段主要介绍了中国书法大会对中国书法所产生的影响。故选C。
4．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“For young people, we should take an active part in learning these excellent traditional cultures such as calligraphy, and then spread them to let more people know about China. Let’s take action right now(对于年轻人来说，我们应该积极参与学习这些优秀的传统文化，比如书法，然后传播它们，让更多的人了解中国。让我们现在就行动起来吧)”可知，本文呼吁年轻人应该投身到书法的学习中去，并传播书法文化。故选D。
5．D 6．B 7．C 8．A
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了笔记本电脑在弗吉尼亚西湖学院的项目和用途。
5．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Westlake College in Virginia will start a laptop computer program whose main purpose is to allow students to do schoolwork anywhere.(弗吉尼亚州的西湖学院将启动一个笔记本电脑项目，其主要目的是让学生可以在任何地方做作业)”可知，弗吉尼亚的西湖学院将启动一项笔记本电脑计划，其主要目的是让学生可以在任何地方做功课。故选D。
6．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Within five years, each of the 1,500 students at the college will receive a laptop.(五年内，该校1500名学生将每人获得一台笔记本电脑)”可知，在接下来的五年内，该学院的1500名学生都将获得一台笔记本电脑。故选B。
7．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“The laptops will allow teachers to use computers in their lessons. As some Westlake teachers said, “Here we are in the middle of Virginia and we’re giving students a window on the world. They can see everything and do everything.”(这些笔记本电脑将允许教师在课堂上使用电脑。正如一些韦斯特莱克的老师所说，“我们在弗吉尼亚的中心，我们给学生一个了解世界的窗口。他们什么都能看到，什么都能做。”)”可知，教师们对这个项目持积极的态度，认为它给学生打开了世界的窗户，因此选项C正确：Supportive（支持的）。故选C。
8．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段“Laptop computers (笔记本电脑) are popular all over the world. In the United States today, lap-tops also connect students to their classrooms. Westlake College in Virginia will start a laptop computer program whose main purpose is to allow students to do schoolwork anywhere.(笔记本电脑在世界各地都很流行。在今天的美国，笔记本电脑也将学生与教室连接起来。弗吉尼亚州的西湖学院将启动一个笔记本电脑项目，其主要目的是让学生可以在任何地方做作业)”可知，本文主要介绍了弗吉尼亚的西湖学院将启动一项笔记本电脑计划，其主要目的是让学生可以在任何地方做功课。所以选项A“A Laptop Program in Westlake College(西湖学院的笔记本电脑项目)”最符合文章标题。故选A。
9．D 10．B 11．D 12．D
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国植树节的历史发展和意义。
9．细节理解题。根据第一段“Wearing sports clothes, many Chinese people will go outdoors happily with their families or friends on March 12. They are just planting trees on this special day — China's Arbor Day (中国植树节). (穿着运动服，许多中国人会在3月12日与家人或朋友愉快地外出。他们只是在这个特殊的日子种树——中国的植树节。)”可知，人们经常在3月12日到户外去种树。故选D项。
10．细节理解题。根据第二段中“In 1929, National Arbor Day was moved to March 12, the day Mr. Sun Yat-sen passed away, who did much to support forestry. (1929年，国家植树节改为3月12日，这一天是孙中山先生逝世的日子，他为支持林业做出了很多贡献。)”可知，国家植树节在1929年改到3月12日是为了表示对孙中山的尊敬。故选B项。
11．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“In 1979, March 12 was officially announced as China’s Arbor Day. (1979年，3月12日被正式定为中国的植树节。)”可知，3月12日是1979年正式成为中国植树节的。故选D项。
12．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“China’s Arbor Day is educational for all of us. It reminds us that we should protect our earth and thank our old generations, who planted green, hope and joy for us. (中国的植树节对我们所有人都有教育意义。它提醒我们，我们应该保护我们的地球，感谢我们的老一代，他们为我们种植了绿色，希望和欢乐。)”可知，最后一段的主旨是中国植树节的意义。故选D项。
13．C 14．D 15．A 16．B
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章讨论了营养密度的概念，提到通过选择富含营养的食物（如水果、蔬菜、全谷物等）来提高饮食的营养密度，进而促进健康。
13．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Eating a wide range of fruits and vegetables is important, so some advice focuses on including different colors of food in our diets. “Eating a rainbow” could be one way to get more nutrients.(吃各种各样的水果和蔬菜很重要，所以一些建议侧重于在我们的饮食中加入不同颜色的食物。“Eating a rainbow”可能是获得更多营养的一种方法)”可推知，这里强调通过在饮食中加入不同颜色的食物来获取更多营养。故选C。
14．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Cooking food that we haven’t eaten before can lead us to use ingredients that we don’t usually consume. This can give us a wider range of nutrients.(烹饪我们以前没有吃过的食物会导致我们使用我们通常不吃的食材。这可以给我们提供更广泛的营养)”可知，通过尝试新食物，可以获取更多种类的营养。故选D。
15．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Choosing wholegrain bread or rice instead of white tread or rice can increase fibre intake. Unsalted nuts provide more nutrients than snacks such as crisps.(选择全麦面包或大米代替白面包或大米可以增加纤维的摄入量。不加盐的坚果比薯片等零食提供更多的营养)”可知，选择粗粮代替白米饭是最健康的选择。故选A。
16．主旨大意题。根据全文内容，结合第一段中“The important concept here is nutrient density (密度), which refers to the number of nutrients we take in for each calorie consumed. No one would suggest replacing sweet drinks with eggs, but what can we do to increase nutrient density in our diet (这里重要的概念是营养密度，它指的是我们每消耗一卡路里所摄入的营养物质的数量。没有人会建议用鸡蛋代替甜饮料，但是我们能做些什么来增加我们饮食中的营养密度呢？)”可知，文章讨论了营养密度的概念，提到通过选择富含营养的食物（如水果、蔬菜、全谷物等）来提高饮食的营养密度，进而促进健康。B项“营养密度是健康饮食的关键”为最佳标题，故选B。
17．B 18．A 19．D 20．C
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项关于儿童早期识别假装行为的研究，包括研究过程、研究发现及研究意义等。
17．细节理解题。根据文章第二段的“The lead author said, “Our findings highlight how pretending is a complex, evolving (进化的) process which begins very early on in life, helping their cognitive (认知的) and social skills to advance.(主要作者说：“我们的发现强调了假装是一个复杂、进化的过程，它始于生命早期，有助于他们的认知和社会技能的进步。”)”可知，假装可以促进婴儿的认知发展。故选B。
18．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“The earliest reported age when children understand pretence was four months and by the age of 13 months, around half were reported (据报道，孩子理解假装的最早年龄是四个月，到13个月大的时候，有一半的孩子被报道……)”可知，划线词前文提到孩子理解假装的最早年龄是四个月，由此可推知，划线词与A项“Recognize(识别)意思相近，孩子理解假装的最早年龄是四个月，到13个月大的时候大半的孩子能识别假装。故选A。
19．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段的“The lead author said, “With further research, the findings have the potential to be used as a diagnostic tool for developmental differences in early years. This could ultimately help parents, preschool educators, and medical professionals better understand how to play with children at different stages of development.”(主要作者说道：“通过进一步的研究，这些发现有可能被用作诊断早期发育差异的工具。这最终可以帮助父母、学前教育工作者和医学专业人士更好地了解如何与不同发展阶段的孩子玩耍。”)”可推知，这些发现可以被用作婴幼儿早期发育差异的诊断方法。故选D。
20．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“According to new research, babies recognize pretence and around half of children can pretend by themselves by 12 months.(根据一项新的研究，婴儿在12个月大的时候就能识别出假装，大约一半的孩子能自己假装。)”可知，文章主要介绍了一项关于儿童早期识别假装行为的研究，包括研究过程、研究发现及研究意义等，故C项“对儿童早期假装的新见解”符合文章标题。故选C项。
21．D 22．A 23．C 24．D
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了发表在《美国国家科学院院刊》上的一项新研究挑战了长期以来关于人类合作的假设。传统上，合作是通过反复的互动来研究的，而这项研究探讨了当个体在一个社会群体中只有一次合作机会时，他们是如何合作的。
21．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Traditionally, cooperation has been studied through repeated interactions that allow individuals to build trust and win-win relationships, adjusting their behavior based on others’ actions.(传统上，合作是通过反复的互动来研究的，这种互动允许个人建立信任和双赢的关系，并根据他人的行为调整自己的行为)”可知，以往的研究集中在基于持续互动的合作上。故选D项。
22．细节理解题。根据第二段“As participants did not expect others to cooperate more when benefits increased, they were unlikely to increase their own cooperation efforts — even when the benefits of cooperation doubled.(由于参与者预计当收益增加时其他人不会更多地合作，所以他们不太可能增加自己的合作努力——即使合作的收益翻倍)”可知，对他人的期望可能影响参与者的合作意愿。故选A项。
23．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Participants were willing to invest about 40% of their available money to boost group earnings, regardless of the setting. (无论在何种情况下，参与者都愿意拿出约40%的可用资金来提高团队收益)”可知，Blanco发现合作水平相对稳定。故选C项。
24．主旨大意题。根据第一段“A new study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS)challenges long-held assumptions about human cooperation. Traditionally, cooperation has been studied through repeated interactions that allow individuals to build trust and win-win relationships, adjusting their behavior based on others’ actions. However, many real-world situations, such as volunteering or donating to crisis relief, involve one-time decisions with no anticipated future interactions. (发表在《美国国家科学院院刊》（PNAS）上的一项新研究挑战了长期以来关于人类合作的假设。传统上，合作是通过反复的互动来研究的，这种互动允许个人建立信任和双赢的关系，并根据他人的行为调整自己的行为。然而，许多现实世界的情况，如志愿服务或为危机救济捐款，涉及一次性决策，没有预期的未来互动)”及最后一段“The study’s results have important implications for encouraging cooperation in urgent, one-time scenarios like disaster relief and highlight the need for a deeper understanding of cooperative behavior, a defining characteristic of humanity.(这项研究的结果对鼓励在紧急的、一次性的情况下如救灾进行合作具有重要意义，并强调了对合作行为（人类的一个决定性特征）进行更深入理解的必要性)”可知，文章主要围绕一次性决策中的合作展开，对合作进行了重新思考。故D项“Rethinking Cooperation: Insights from One Time Decisions(重新思考合作：来自一次性决策的见解)”能概括文章内容，最适合做文章标题。故选D项。
25．A 26．A 27．C 28．D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了古老火砖技术如何通过储存热能，帮助实现工业过程的可再生能源使用，从而助力全球净零排放目标的实现。
25．主旨大意题。根据第二段“The technology involves fitting heat-absorbing bricks in an insulated (隔热的) container, where they can store heat generated by solar or wind power for later use in industrial processes. The heat can then be released when needed by passing air through channels in the piles of “firebricks”, thus allowing cement, steel, glass, and paper factories to run on renewable energy even when wind and sunshine are unavailable. These systems are a form of thermal energy (热能) storage.(这项技术涉及在隔热容器中安装吸热砖，这些砖可以储存由太阳能或风能产生的热量，以便在工业过程中后续使用。当需要时，可以通过在“耐火砖”堆中的通道通过空气来释放热量，从而使水泥、钢铁、玻璃和造纸厂能够在没有风和阳光的情况下依然依靠可再生能源运行。这些系统是热能存储的一种形式)”可知，本段详细说明了耐火砖储能技术是将吸热砖组装在隔热容器中，用来储存太阳能或风能产生的热量以便之后使用等内容，即这项技术的工作原理。故选A项。
26．细节理解题。根据第三段中的““The differences between firebrick storage and battery storage are that the firebricks store heat rather than electricity and that their cost is one-tenth the cost of batteries,” said lead study author Mark Z. Jacobson, a professor at Stanford University.(“耐火砖存储与电池存储的区别在于，耐火砖储存的是热量而不是电力，并且其成本仅为电池的十分之一，”该研究的主要作者、斯坦福大学的教授马克·雅各布森说道)”可知，耐火砖储能与电池储能的差异在于耐火砖储存热量而非电力，且成本是电池的十分之一。故选A项。
27．推理判断题。根据第四段中的“The researchers found the scenario with firebricks could cut costs by $1.27 trillion across the 149 countries, while reducing the demand for electrical energy and energy storage capacity from batteries.(研究人员发现，使用耐火砖的场景可以在这149个国家中削减1.27万亿美元的成本，同时减少对电能的需求以及来自电池的储能容量需求)”可知，研究者用模型对比两种未来可再生能源场景，涉及耐火砖在其中的作用及优势，故推知，采用计算机模型是为了探索耐火砖的有效性。故选C项。
28．主旨大意题。根据全文内容及第一段“A technology with roots going back to the Bronze Age may offer a fast and inexpensive approach to helping achieve the United Nations climate goal of net zero emissions by 2050, according to recent Stanford-led research.(根据最近由斯坦福大学主导的研究，一种可以追溯到青铜时代的科技可能提供了一种快速且成本低廉的方法来帮助实现联合国2050年净零排放的气候目标)”可知，文章主要介绍了一种可追溯到青铜时代的耐火砖储能技术，该技术有助于实现联合国净零排放目标，即能够助力向清洁能源的转变。因此，选项D“一项古老的技术可以帮助转向清洁能源”作为标题最为合适。故选D项。
29．D 30．B 31．A 32．C
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了研究人员正尝试克隆一棵有400多年历史的南方生命橡树“大树”的过程、方法及专家对此的看法。他们采集了这棵树的枝条和叶子，试图培育出新的根系以克隆这棵树，并大量繁殖，但专家对克隆树能否像原树一样生长持怀疑态度。
29．细节理解题。根据第二段中“The researchers are now in the midst of the process to grow new roots from the cuttings. The reason: To clone the historic tree, store its DNA and plant potentially thousands of cloned trees across the Southeast.(研究人员目前正在从插枝上培育新根。原因是：为了克隆这棵历史悠久的树，储存它的DNA，并在东南部种植数千棵克隆树)”可知，研究人员的目的是从原树中克隆一棵古树。故选D。
30．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“The most common method is by rooted cuttings. In this method, a tip of a tree’s branch is dipped (蘸) into hormones, placed into a foam plug (泡沫塞) and set inside a mist room. Then, the waiting begins. A sign of life can take several months to a year to show, if one comes at all. (最常用的方法是插枝。在这种方法中，将树枝的尖端浸入激素中，放入泡沫塞中，并置于雾室中。然后，等待开始了。生命的迹象可能需要几个月到一年的时间才能显现出来，如果有的话。)”以及“ In another method called tissue culture, researchers take a quarter-inch of branch, dip it into a mixture made up of a dozen hormones and other chemicals, seal(密封) it in a container and wait to see whether it will grow roots.(在另一种被称为组织培养的方法中，研究人员取出四分之一英寸的树枝，将其浸入由十几种激素和其他化学物质组成的混合物中，将其密封在容器中，等待它是否会长出根。)”可知，第一种方法中生命的迹象可能需要几个月到一年的时间才能显现出来；第二种方法中，研究人员需要等待它是否会长出根，即表示研究人员不确定其是否会长出根。由此推断，这两种方法中，树枝有可能无法生长出根，存在无法成功克隆的可能性。故选B。
31．词义猜测题。根据划线单词所在句子“Experts… the group for its creative methods and reproduction in large numbers, but they doubt whether the clones will grow as the originals do. (专家们对该组织的创新方法和大量繁殖表示……，但他们怀疑克隆体是否会像原代植物那样生长。)”中的 but可知，前后是转折关系，虽然专家们对克隆体是否会像原代植物那样生长表示怀疑，但是他们对该组织的创新方法和大量繁殖表示称赞，划线单词表示“称赞”，与A项“Praised.(赞美)”意思相近。故选A。
32．推理判断题。根据最后一段 Scott Merkle 所说的话“ “There are so many variables that there’s no certainty that they will be able to survive and perform better than other trees that you plant on the same land”(“有太多的变量，无法确定它们是否能够存活下来，并且比你在同一块土地上种植的其他树木表现得更好。”)”以及“He added that the age of historic trees makes them difficult to study. “I think it’s a great thing that they’re doing. I just don’t know how realistic it is.”(他补充说，古树的年龄使得研究它们变得困难。“我认为他们正在做的事情很棒。我只是不知道这有多现实。”)”可知，ScottMerkle对这一团队的工作表示赞美，同时他也表示了自己的担忧即因为有太多的变量，所以不确定该研究的结果，由此可推知，他的态度是谨慎的。故选C。
33．B 34．C 35．D 36．A
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了在教育环境中使用AI聊天机器人(如ChatGPT)的利弊，指出学生在使用AI时存在的问题，并通过一项研究揭示了AI辅助学习可能带来的风险，同时也强调了AI在正确引导学生学习方面的潜力。
33．推理判断题。根据第一段中的“But many teachers say their students are short of the skills to improve upon what AI produces, or the maturity (成熟) and self-awareness to know where the work of AI ends and their own responsibility begins. (但许多教师表示，他们的学生缺乏改进AI生成内容的能力，或者缺乏成熟度和自我意识，无法分辨AI的工作在哪里结束，自己的责任从哪里开始)”可知，学生在使用AI聊天机器人时缺乏改进AI生成内容的能力，不知道哪里该自己负责，由此推知，他们缺乏有效使用人工智能的能力。故选B项。
34．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Students using the basic and tutor GPTs scored an astonishing 48 percent and 127 percent better than their peers during the practices, respectively, but when the same students went to get back the information from their memory during a follow-up closed-book test, their math skills had disappeared. Test performance of the students who had used the basic version of ChatGPT dropped so sharply that they scored 17 percent below their peers who had relied on pen and paper. (在练习中，使用基础版和辅导版GPT的学生分别比同龄人高出48%和127%，但当这些学生在随后的闭卷测试中从记忆中回忆信息时，他们的数学技能却消失了。使用过基础版ChatGPT的学生的测试成绩下降得如此之快，以至于比那些依赖纸笔的同龄人低了17%)”可知，在练习中使用GPT的学生在后续测试中表现下降，尤其是基础版GPT用户的表现下降明显。故选C项。
35．词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“and often skipped straight to the answer”(并且经常直接跳到答案)和“When applied at key moments, the technology actually ‘runs the risk of blocking learning.’ (在关键时刻应用时，这项技术实际上“有阻碍学习的风险”)”可推知，“crutch”在文中是比喻用法，指学生将AI聊天机器人作为“避免自主思考、快速获取答案的捷径”，而非真正辅助学习的工具。故划线词意思是“寻找快速答案的捷径”，与“A shortcut to find quick answers.”同义。故选D项。
36．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“In several studies, the tools performed well when designed to guide student learning-by refusing to give away answers, for example, or asking in-depth follow-up questions. (在几项研究中，当这些工具被设计成引导学生学习时，它们表现良好，例如，拒绝给出答案，或者提出深入的后续问题)”可知，当AI工具被设计成引导学生学习时表现良好。由此推知，在教育环境中AI工具被期望能够引导学生思考，增强他们的思维能力。故选A项。
37．B 38．D 39．C 40．A
【解析】本文为一篇说明文。越来越多的Facebook等网站用户开始意识到在线身份的潜在隐患，为了避免经历一些破坏性的意想不到的后果，文章提供了一些简单的安全防范措施。
37．推理判断题。根据第一段“Although websites such as Facebook and MySpace experienced increasing growth during the middle of the first decade of the 21st century, some users fail to realize the fact that the information they post online can come back to trouble them.(虽然像Facebook和MySpace这样的网站在21世纪第一个十年的中期经历了不断增长，但一些用户没有意识到他们在网上发布的信息可能会反过来给他们带来麻烦)”以及最后一段“Although more users of websites such as Facebook are becoming aware of the potential pitfalls (陷阱) of online identities, many regular users still fail to take three basic security precautions. First, only make your information available to a specific list of individuals whom you approve. Second, regularly search for potentially harmful information about yourself that may have been posted by mistake or by a disgruntled (不满的) former colleague. Third, never post offensive material under your name or on your page as, despite the best precautions, this material will likely make its way to the wider world. By taking these simple steps, members of the digital world can realize the many benefits of e- community without experiencing some of the damaging unintended consequences.(虽然越来越多的Facebook等网站用户开始意识到在线身份的潜在隐患，但许多普通用户仍然没有采取三个基本的安全防范措施。首先，只将您的信息提供给您认可的特定人员。其次，定期搜索可能是错误发布的或由心怀不满的前同事发布的关于自己的潜在有害信息。第三，永远不要以你的名义或在你的页面上发布冒犯性的材料，因为尽管有最好的预防措施，这些材料很可能会传播到更广阔的世界。通过采取这些简单的步骤，数字世界的成员可以意识到电子社区的许多好处，而不会经历一些破坏性的意想不到的后果)”可知，本文写作目的是讨论数字世界的风险，并提出保护自己的方法。故选B。
38．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Although more users of websites such as Facebook are becoming aware of the potential pitfalls (陷阱) of online identities, many regular users still fail to take three basic security precautions. First, only make your information available to a specific list of individuals whom you approve. Second, regularly search for potentially harmful information about yourself that may have been posted by mistake or by a disgruntled (不满的) former colleague. Third, never post offensive material under your name or on your page as, despite the best precautions, this material will likely make its way to the wider world. By taking these simple steps, members of the digital world can realize the many benefits of e- community without experiencing some of the damaging unintended consequences.(虽然越来越多的Facebook等网站用户开始意识到在线身份的潜在隐患，但许多普通用户仍然没有采取三个基本的安全防范措施。首先，只将您的信息提供给您认可的特定人员。其次，定期搜索可能是错误发布的或由心怀不满的前同事发布的关于自己的潜在有害信息。第三，永远不要以你的名义或在你的页面上发布冒犯性的材料，因为尽管有最好的预防措施，这些材料很可能会传播到更广阔的世界。通过采取这些简单的步骤，数字世界的成员可以意识到电子社区的许多好处，而不会经历一些破坏性的意想不到的后果)”可知，作者暗示用户应该采取的行动来保护他们的在线隐私不包括和雇主谈谈，告诉他们任何关于你的错误信息。故选D。
39．推理判断题。根据最后一段“First, only make your information available to a specific list of individuals whom you approve. Second, regularly search for potentially harmful information about yourself that may have been posted by mistake or by a disgruntled (不满的) former colleague. Third, never post offensive material under your name or on your page as, despite the best precautions, this material will likely make its way to the wider world. By taking these simple steps, members of the digital world can realize the many benefits of e- community without experiencing some of the damaging unintended consequences.(首先，只将您的信息提供给您认可的特定人员。其次，定期搜索可能是错误发布的或由心怀不满的前同事发布的关于自己的潜在有害信息。第三，永远不要以你的名义或在你的页面上发布冒犯性的材料，因为尽管有最好的预防措施，这些材料很可能会传播到更广阔的世界。通过采取这些简单的步骤，数字世界的成员可以意识到电子社区的许多好处，而不会经历一些破坏性的意想不到的后果)”可知，最后一段为解决上述问题提供了建议。故选C。
40．推理判断题。根据第三段“Company employers are not the only people interested in college students’ lives. The third unintended use of social networking websites is college administrators who monitor the Internet— especially Facebook— for student misconduct. For example, a college in Boston’s Back Bay expelled (除名) its Student Government Association President for joining a Facebook group highly critical of a campus police sergeant. In addition, fifteen students at a state university in North Carolina faced charges in court for underage drinking because of photos that appeared on Facebook.(虽公司老板并不是唯一对大学生生活感兴趣的人。社交网站的第三个意外用途是监控互联网（尤其是Facebook）学生不当行为的大学管理者。例如，波士顿后湾的一所大学开除了学生政府协会主席，因为他加入了一个高度批评校园警察的Facebook小组。此外，北卡罗莱纳州一所州立大学的15名学生因Facebook上出现的照片而面临未成年人饮酒的指控)”可知，法庭允许提供非本意从互联网上获得的信息。故选A。