Module2Education课文解析(含解析) 外研版九年级下册

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外研9下unit 2课文全解
核心单词 ours我们的 tie领带 row一排;一行 pool水池;游泳池 pass及格;通过(考试或检查)secondary(教育)中等的;次要的;间接的 absent缺席的;不在的 bell钟;铃
核心短语 secondary school中学
语法 复习代词、介词
Unit 1
1.Did you enjoy yourself in London
【注释】句中用了enjoy oneself短语,表示“过得愉快”,反身代词oneself要和主语保持一致。该短语可以与have a good time/have fun互换使用。
We enjoyed ourselves in Beijing last summer vacation.
=We had a good time in Beijing last summer vacation.
=We had fun in Beijing last summer vacation.我们去年暑假在北京过得很愉快。
特别关注 enjoy doing sth是固定结构,表示“喜欢做某事”。
Do you enjoy the film 你喜欢这部电影吗
She enjoys helping her parents with the housework. 她喜欢帮她母亲做家务。
2.What are English schools like
该句用了“What+be+sth like ”句型,表示“某物是什么样子?”be动词的形式要根据其后的主语来确。like作介词,意为“像......一样”。该句型询问某物的外表,相当于“What do/does sth look like?”回答时用“人称代词主格+be动词+描述外貌特征的形容词.”
—What is that box like?/What does that box look like?那个盒子是什么样的?
—It is round.是圆形的。
知识归纳 What+be+sb/sth+like?还可以询问某人/物的品质或特征,回答时用句型“主语+be+描述品质/特征的形容词.”。
—What are your parents like?你父母怎么样?
—They are outgoing.他们很开朗。
3.Here are a few photos.
(1)本句是here引导的完全倒装句,正常语序是“A few photos are here.”。当地点副词here、there位于句首而且主语是名词时,here / there引导的句子要用完全倒装结构,即“Here / There +谓语动词+名词(主语)”,谓语的单复数形式要根据主语来确定。
Here comes the bus!车来了!
There goes the bell. 铃响了。
知识回顾 here/there引导部分倒装句时句型为“Here/There+代词(主语)+谓语.”。
Here we are!我们到了!
There they come!他们来了!
(2)a few在此作形容词,意为“有几个,要修饰复数可数名词。它修饰复数可数名词作主语时谓语动词要用复数形式。
There are a few children in the room.房间里有几个孩子。
知识归纳 a few、few、a little、little:
a few作代词时意为“有几个”,替代前句中的复数可数名词。它作主语时谓语动词用复数形式。
Some persons are over there.A few are boys.
那边有一些人。有几个是男孩。
2.few意为“几乎没有”,具有否定含义,可以作形容词或作代词。
(1)作形容词时修饰复数可数名词。它修饰复数可数名词作主语时谓语动词用复数形式。
Few students like this movie. 没几个学生喜欢这部电影。
(2)作代词替代前句中的复数可数名词,作主语时谓语动词用复数形式。
Doctors work an average of 90 hours a week but few complain.
医生每星期平均工作 90 个小时,但几乎无人抱怨。
3.a little意为“有点儿”,表示肯定含义,可以作形容词或代词。
(1)作形容词时修饰不可数名词。它修饰不可数名词作主语时谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
There is a little time left when I finish my exam papers.
我完成试卷后,还剩一点时间。
作代词替代前句中的不可数名词,作主语时谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
If you would like more coffee,there is a little left here.
如果你还想要咖啡,这里还有一点。
4.little意为“几乎没有”,表示否定含义,可以作形容词或代词。
(1)作形容词修饰不可数名词。它修饰不可数名词作主语时谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
There is little milk in the glass.
杯子里几乎没有牛奶了。
作代词替代前句中的不可数名词,作主语时谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
There is some information about this topic online. But little is of use.
网上有一些关于这个话题的信息。但有用的几乎没有。
4.How many pupils are there in a class in England
【注释】本句用的是“How many+复数可数名词(sb/sth)+are there+地点状语?”句型,表示“某地有多少人/物?”how many是疑问词组,意为“多少”,要接复数可数名词。它引导特殊疑问句时询问用于可数名词(人或物)的数量,回答时可以直接说出具体数量。
—How many books are there on the desk?课桌上有多少本书?
—Three.三本。
知识归纳 how构成的疑问词组还有:
1.how much意为“多少、多少钱”,对不可数名词的数量或价格提问。
—How much pork do you buy?你买多少猪肉?
—I buy a kilo of pork.我买一斤猪肉。
—How much is the book?这本书多少钱?
—Twenty yuan.20元。
2.how far意为“多远”,对距离提问。
—How far is it from here to there?这里到那里有多远?
—It’s three miles.3英里。
3.how often意为“多久一次”,对频率副词或短语提问。
—How often do you go to the cinema 你多久看一次电影
—Once a week.一周一次。
5.So ours is a bit bigger.
【注释】ours在此作名词性物主代词,意为“我们的”,指“我们的班级”,相当于our class。名词性物主代词相当于“它对应的形容词性物主代词+名词”结构,其后不接名词。
Their school is more beautiful than ours.
=Their school is more beautiful than our school.他们的学校比我们的(学校)漂亮。
6.Look,everyone is wearing a jacket and tie!
(1)everyone是复合不定代词,意为“每人”,只能指人。它不能与of引导的短语连用,作主语时谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。
Everyone is here.每个人都在这里。
(2)本句用了“be wearing”结构,表示“正穿着、正戴着、正系着”。wear是状态动词,与现在进行时连用强调现在一直穿着/戴着/系着的状态。
He is wearing the red sweater today.
他今天一直穿着红色毛衣。
I am wearing this pair of glasses today.
我今天一直带着这副眼镜。
词语辨析 wear、dress、in、put on表示“穿”的区别:
1.dress作及物动词时意为“给......穿衣”,要接表示“人”的词作宾语。
The mother dresses her girl every morning.
妈妈每天早上给她的女儿穿衣服。
2.in是介词,意为“穿着”,可以接表示服装的词作宾语(名词前面用冠词或名词’s作修饰语),还可以直接跟具体颜色的名词。
He is in the black jacket today. 今天他穿着一件黑色夹克。
That girl in red is my sister.那个穿着红色衣服的女孩是我妹妹。
3.put on是动词短语,意为“穿上”,强调穿的动作。
He puts on a coat and goes out.他穿上一件外套,出去了。
(3)tie在此作可数名词,意为“领带”。
I buy a tie for him.我给他买了一条领带。
知识拓展 tie作及物动词时意为“把......打成结、捆、栓”。
He tied the ends of the plastic bag together.
他把塑料袋的两头系在一起。
Roll the meat and tie it with string.
把肉卷起来用线捆好。
He has tied the dog to one of the trees near the lake.
他已经把狗拴在湖边的一棵树上。
7.And everyone is sitting around tables in the classroom.
【注释】around tables in the classroom分别是around和in引导的介词短语作地点状语。句中有多个地点状语时要按照由小到大的顺序排列。around在此意为“围绕、环绕、在......周围”,可以接表示“人、事物”的词作宾语。
They sit around the fire. 他们围火而坐。
The children are sitting around Linda.孩子们围着琳达坐着。
The earth goes around the sun.地球围绕太阳运动。
知识回顾 around作介词时意为“到处”,作副词时意为“在......左右、大约”,用在基数词的前面。
He travelled around the world. 他周游了全世界。
He arrives at home around 5 o’clock in the afternoon. 他大约下午5点钟到家。
8.That means more people to play with.
句中to play with作后置定语,修饰 more people,动词不定式部分和被修饰的词之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,即to play with more people。动词不定式作后置定语与被修饰词的词之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系时,动词不定式中的动词要用及物动词或不及物动词+介词结构。
I have some clothes to wash. 我有些衣服要洗。
I need a pen to write with. 我需要一支笔写字。
知识归纳 动词不定式作后置定语的其他用法:
1. 动词不定式与被修饰的词之间是逻辑上的主谓关系,该动词不定式是由被修饰的词发出的动作,暗含的动作性很强。
He is the first boy to arrive here.
他是第一个到达这里的男孩。
动词不定式结构作后置定语修饰某些抽象名词,它与被修饰的词之间不存在逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系。
We have no need to be afraid of them! 我们没有必要害怕他们!
The dog found out the way to open the door. 那狗搞清楚怎么开门了。
特别关注 动词不定式结构作后置定语修饰place、time、way等词时,即使动词不定式中的动词是不及物动词,也可以省略相应的介词。
He has no money and no place to live(in).
他没有钱,也没有地方住。
We think the good way to travel(by) is on foot.
我们认为旅行的一种好的方式是步行。
There is no time to think(about).
没时间考虑了。
Unit 2
1.I’ve been at River School, London, since I was eleven.
【注释】“I’ve been at River School, London,”是主句, since I was eleven是since引导的时间状语从句。since是连词,意为“自从”,引导时间状语从句时主句用现在完成时,从句要用一般过去时。
She hasn’t heard from her husband since he left home.
自从丈夫离家以来,她还没有收到过他的书信。
Since he came to our school, he has made a lot of friends.
自从他到我们学校以来,他交了许多朋友。
知识归纳 since作介词意为“自从”,用法如下:
1.它要接时间点构成时间状语,也可以构成“since+一段时间+ago”结构。since+一段时间+ago可以与“for+时间段互换使用,对它们提问用how long。
2.since引导的介词短语常与完成时连用。在肯定句中,since引导的介词短语通常与延续性动词或动词短语连用,在否定句中可以与短暂性动词连用。
I have learned English since seven years ago.
= I have learned English for seven years.我学习英语7年了。
Linda hasn’t fallen asleep since midnight till 7 o’clock in the morning.
琳达自午夜到早上7点一直没睡着。
He has stayed in Beijing since 2015.他自从2015年以来一直呆在北京。
→How long has he stayed in Beijing?他在北京呆了多久?
2.If I pass my exams next year, I’ll stay here until I’m eighteen.
(1)本句是含有条件状语从句、时间状语从句的主从复合句。If I pass...next year是if引导的条件状语从句,置于主句 I’ll stay...eighteen的前面,用逗号将它们隔开。if意为“如果”,引导条件状语从句时遵循主句用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时的原则。pass在此作及物动词,意为“及格、通过(考试或检查)”.它的反义词是fail,意为“不及格”。
If it rains tomorrow, we won’t go to the zoo.如果明天下雨,我们就不去动物园。
I pass the exam while Tim fails it.我通过了考试,而蒂姆却不及格。
(2)I’ll stay here until I’m eighteen是含有时间状语从句的复合句。I’ll stay here是主句,until I’m eighteen是until引导的时间状语从句。主句是肯定句,主句谓语动词是延续性动词(stay),此时until表示“直到......时”。
I did my homework until my father came back.
我做家庭作业直到我爸爸回来。
知识归纳 until引导时间状语从句的其他用法:
主句是否定句,主句谓语动词既可以用延续性动词,又可以用短暂性动词。not......until+时间状语从句表示“直到......才......”。
You can’t watch TV until you have done your homework.
你得做完家庭作业才能看电视。
I didn’t see him until he called me loudly.
直到他大声叫我,我才注意到他。
知识回顾 until作介词时要接时间点。
1.until用在肯定句而且谓语动词是延续性动词,它表示“直到......时”。
We waited for him until ten o’clock last night. 我们昨晚一直等他到10点。  
2.until用在否定句而且谓语动词是延续性动词,指该动作没有持续到until后面的时间。
We didn’t wait for him until ten o’clock last night. 我们昨晚没有等到他10点。
3.until用在否定句而且谓语动词是短暂性动词,not......until表示“直到......才”。
I didn’t go be bed until 9:00 in the evening.
直到晚上九点我才上床睡觉。
特别关注 until是till的强调形式,通常可以互换使用。但until可以放在句首,till不可以。
Until the last minute of the match we kept on playing.
直到比赛的最后一分钟,我们仍然坚持奋战。
The traffic laws don't take effect until/till the end of the year.
交通法要到年底才生效。 
Don't get off the bus until/till it stops. 在车停下来之前不要下车。
3.Before class, our teacher checks which pupils are present or absent.
【注释1】which pupils are present or absent是which引导的宾语从句。疑问词引导宾语从句时必须用陈述语序,即主语要放在谓语的前面,因此which pupils(主语)放在了谓语动词are的前面。which意为“哪个、哪一些”,强调在某个范围内作选择。它作定语要修饰单数可数名词或复数可数名词。它修饰单数可数名词作主语时谓语动词用第三人称单数形式,修饰复数可数名词作主语时谓语动词用复数形式。此外,它修饰名词时还可以作宾语。
I wonder which city is your hometown,Wuhan or Tianjin.
我想知道哪座城市是你的故乡,武汉还是天津。(which city is...Tianjin是宾语从句,which city作主语,谓语动词用了第三人称单数形式is)
Can you tell me which sports you like
你可以告诉我你喜欢哪些运动吗?(which sports you like是宾语从句,which sport作动词like的宾语)
【注释2】absent作形容词,意为“缺席的、不在的”。它的反义词是present,意为“在场的”。
As long as he is present, everyone is happy.
只要他在,大家都很开心。
No one is absent.没有人缺席。
知识归纳 表示“缺席......”用be absent from。
They were absent from work that day.
他们那天都没有上班。 
4.In the afternoon, we have two more lessons before school finishes.
【注释】two more lessons用的是“大于1的基数词+more+复数可数名词”结构,表示“还有......、另外......”,more可以换成other。该结构可以与“another+大于1的基数词+复数可数名词”互换使用。
I’ll stay here for three more days.
=I’ll stay here for three other days.
=I’ll stay here for another three days.我将在这儿再逗留三天。
5.Each lesson lasts for an hour.
【注释】each在此作形容词,意为“每个”,作定语修饰单数可数名词lesson。each作定语要修饰单数可数名词,它修饰单数可数名词作主语时谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。
Each student has a dictionary.每个学生都有一本词典。
妙辨异同 every与each作形容词意为“每个”的异同点:
相同点:each和every都作定语修饰单数可数名词。它们修饰单数可数名词作主语时
谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。
Each room seats fifty students.每个房间坐50个学生。
Every student goes to the museum.每个学生都去博物馆。
不同点:
1.谈到两个或两个以上的人或物用each,谈到三个及以上的人或物用every或each都可以。
There is a line of trees on each side of the river.河的两边各有一行树。
There is a chair in every/each corner of the room.房间的每一个角落都有一把椅子。
2.each可以与other搭配,意为“互相”,其后不能名词。every与other搭配时要接单数可数名词,表示“每隔......”。
We should help each other.我们应该互相帮助。
We have English lessons every other day.我们每隔一天上一次英语课。
3.every用于“every+基数词+复数可数名词”结构,each不可以。
every three days每三天
6.Some people learn German instead of French.
【注释】instead of是短语介词,意为“而不是”,连接两个名词German和French。
instead of作此意时具有连词的性质,连接两个相同的语法结构。
He ran quickly instead of slowly.
他跑得快,不是跑得慢。(instead of连接副词quickly和slowly)
That increased instead of decreased our courage.
那没有减弱反而增强了我们的勇气。(instead of连接谓语动词increased和decreased)
He went there to gain money instead of to spend money.
他去那儿是为了赚钱而不是花钱。(instead of连接动词不定式to gain money和to spend money)
They go there on foot instead of by bus.
他们没有乘公共汽车,而是步行去那里。(instead of连接介词短语on foot和by bus)
知识回顾
1.instead of意为“取代、反倒”时接表示“人”的名词或人称代词的宾语作宾语,接动词时动词要变为V-ing形式。
Can you go to the meeting instead of me
你能代替我去开会吗
He asked me a question instead of answering my question.
他没有回答我的问题,反倒向我提了一个问题。
2.instead是副词,意为“作为替代”,通常放在句首或句末,放在句首时常用逗号将它与后面的内容隔开。
I didn’t go to the movie last night. Instead, I just stayed at home to watch TV.
昨晚我没有去看电影,而是待在家看电视。
If you’re busy, you may come another day instead.
如果你忙的话,可以改天再来。
7.It’s lucky we don’t have exams in every subject.
本句使用了“It is lucky (that)+主语从句.”句型,表示“很幸运......”。it是形式主语,真正的主语是省略引导词that的主语从句we don’t......subject。that引导主语从句时没有词义,放在句首时不能省略,但在“It is+名词/形容词+that引导的主语从句.”句型中引导词that可以省略。
It is a pity(that) he lost so much money. 他损失这么多钱,真是遗憾。
It’s lucky(that)we finish the task on time.很幸运,我们按时完成了这项任务。
8.We have a large sports ground for football and tennis, where we can play both during and after school hours.
(1)where we can...hours是where引导的非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词a large sports ground。where在非限制性定语从句中作地点状语,要修饰主句中的地点名词。它引导非限制性定语从句放在句末时要用逗号将它与前面的主句隔开。
They went to London,where they lived for six months.
他们去了伦敦,在那儿呆了六个月的时间。
(2)句中both during and after school hours是由“both...and...”构成的短语,作时间状语。both...and...表示“......和......都”,要连接两个并列成分,可以作主语、谓语、宾语、状语等成分。它作主语时谓语动词用复数形式。
Both my mother and my grandmother enjoy watching TV in the evening.
我妈妈和外婆都喜欢晚上看电视。(Both my mother and my grandmother作主语)
Tonight they both sing and dance.
今晚他们又唱歌又跳舞。(both sing and dance作谓语)
I am able to speak both English and Japanese.
我能够说英语和日语。(both English and Japanese作am able to speak的宾语)
They choose to travel both on the summer vacation and on the winter vacation.
他们选择在暑假和寒假都去旅行。(both on the summer...vacation作时间状语)
知识回顾 either...or...、neither...nor...、not only...but also...引导并列成分作主语的用法:
1.either...or...表示“要么...要么...”,连接两个名词或代词作主语时谓语动词的单复数形式要根据or后面的名词或代词来确定。
Either you or I am wrong.
不是你错了就是我错了。
2.neither...nor...是both...and...的反义短语,表示“两者都不”,它连接两个名词或代词作主语时谓语动词的单复数形式由nor后面的名词或代词来确定。
Neither Kim nor Alice likes English.
金和爱丽丝都不喜欢英语。
3.not only...but also...表示“不但...而且...”,also可以省略。它连接两个名词或代词作主语时谓语动词的单复数形式要根据but(also)后面的名词或代词来确定。
Not only you but(also)he knows the answer.
不仅你知道答案,而且他也知道答案。
Unit 3
一.代词分为人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、(复合)不定代词、指示代词、疑问代词、替代词。
①人称代词
【注释1】人称代词的主格和宾格:
主格 宾格
第一人称单数 I 我 me 我
第二人称单数 you 你 you你
第三人称单数 he他 she她 it它 him他 her她 it它
第一人称复数 we我们 us我们
第二人称复数 you你们 you你们
第三人称复数 they 他们/她们/它们 them 他们/她们/它们
【注释2】用法:
1.人称代词的主格只作主语。
I am a student in the NO.1Middle School.
我是第一中学的学生。
2.人称代词的宾格作及物动词或介词的宾语。
Peter gives her a book.彼得送给她一本书。
Listen to me carefully, children!
孩子们,仔细听我讲!
小贴士 有时人称代词的宾格(特别是me)可以作主语。人称代词的主格通常不能单独使用,也不用于带not的简短回答中,这些情况用人称代词的宾格。
—Who wants a ride on my bike?谁想骑我的自行车?
—Me!/Not me!我!/我不想!
3.人称代词的排列顺序:
(1)单数人称代词按“二、三、一”排列,复数人称代词按“一、二、三”排列。
You, she and I are good friends.
你、她和我是好朋友。
We, you and they have been to the Great Wall.
我们、你们和他们去过长城。
(2)承担责任时要把第一人称排在第一位。
—Who broke the window 谁打破了窗户?
—I and Tom.我和汤姆。
4.it作人称代词的主格或宾格,回指前句中的单数可数名词或不可数名词,替代前文出现的同一个事物或不明身份的人,it的前后都没有修饰语。
I can’t find my watch. Do you see it
我找不到我的手表。你看见了吗 (it指的就是前句中的my watch)
The soup is delicious.Please taste it.
这道汤很美味。请品尝它。(it指的就是前句中的the soup)
What a lovely baby! Is it a boy
好可爱的宝宝啊!是男孩吗?(it指的就是前句中的a lovely baby)
5.it作无人称代词时指代时间、天气、温度、距离等,不用翻译出来。
It’s eight o’clock in the morning.
现在是早上8点整。
It’s very hot today. 今天天气很热。
It is minus three degrees today.今天零下三度。
It’s about five kilometers from here to the lake.
从这里到湖边大约是五公里。
6.they是人称代词的主格,特指前面提到的复数可数名词,宾格是them。
The boys has fallen asleep.They are so tired.
这些男孩睡着了。他们太累了。(they指的就是前句中的the boys)
My parents are kind to me.I love them.
我父母对我很好。我爱他们。(them指的就是前句中的my parents)
②物主代词
【注释1】物主代词分为形容词性物主代词和名词性的物主代词。
形容词性物主代词 名词性物主代词
第一人称单数 my我的 mine我的
第二人称单数 your你的 yours你的
第三人称单数 his他的 her她的 its它的 his他的 hers她的 its它的
第一人称复数 our我们的 ours我们的
第二人称复数 your你们的 yours你们的
第三人称复数 their他们的/她们的/它们的 theirs他们的/她们的/它们的
【注释2】用法:
1.形容词性物主代词要作前置定语修饰名词。
Her parents are both teachers.她的父母都是老师。
2.名词性物主代词可以单独使用,相当于形容词性物主代词+名词,可以作主语、表语、宾语,不作前置定语修饰名词。of+名词性物主代词可以作后置定语修饰名词。
May I use your pen Yours work better.
我可以用你的笔吗?你的笔更好用。(Yours作主语,相当于Your pen)
Is that bike yours?
那辆自行车是你的吗?(yours作表语,相当于your bike)
His idea is quite different from mine.
他的观点和我的很不一样。(mine作介词from的宾语,相当于my idea)
He is a friend of mine.他是我的一个朋友。
特别关注 his和its既可以作形容词性物主代词,又可以作名词性物主代词,要注意区分。
His book is over there.
他的书在那边。(his作形容词性物主代词修饰book)
The book is his.
这本书是他的。(his作名词性物主代词)
I know its importance but you don’t know its.
我知道它的重要性但是你不知道它的重要性。(第一个its作形容词性物主代词,第二个its作名词性物主代词)
③反身代词
【注释1】第一、二人称的反身代词是在相应的形容词性物主代词后面加-self或-selves。第三人称的反身代词是由人称代词的宾格加-self或-selves。
反身代词
第一人称单数 myself我自己
第二人称单数 yourself你自己
第三人称单数 himself他自己herself她自己itself它自己
第一人称复数 ourselves我们自己
第二人称复数 yourselves你们自己
第三人称复数 themselves他们自己/她们自己/它们自己
【注释2】用法:
1.作及物动词或介词的宾语,要和主语保持一致。
He makes no complaint for himself. 他没为自己抱怨什么。
The kid can dress himself. 这孩子能自己穿衣服了。
2.放在be动词后面作表语。
The poor boy is myself. 那个可怜的孩子就是我自己。
3.作同位语时紧放在被修饰名词后面,也可以放在句末。
You yourself said so.
=You said so yourself. 你自己是这样说的。
4.反身代词一般不能独立作主语,但可以借助 and, or, nor 等连词与其他名词一起构成并列主语,而且要位于并列主语的后面。
My brother and myself went there yesterday. 昨天我兄弟和我一起去了那儿。
5.反身代词可以放在某些及物动词或介词之后构成固定短语。
enjoy oneself玩得愉快 by oneself独自 help oneself自用
say to oneself自言自语 dress oneself自己穿衣 keep sth to oneself保守某事
He sometimes says to himself.他有时自言自语。
④不定代词each、both、either、neither、none、all
【注释1】each表示“每一个人”,用法如下:
1.它作主语、宾语等成分,作主语时谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
Two boy enter.Each carries a book.
两个男孩进来了。每个都拿着书。(each作主语)
He gives two books to each.他给了每个人两本书。(each作介词to的宾语)
2.构成each of短语时要接复数可数名词或复数代词(名词前面常用the或形容词性物主代词作修饰语,人称代词用宾格)。该结构可以作主语或宾语,作主语时谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
Each of the students has ten books.
这些学生每人有十本书。(Each of the students作主语)
He punishes each of us.
他惩罚我们每个人。(each of us作punishes的宾语)
【注释2】both表示“两者都”,指人或物。
1.它可以作主语、宾语等成分,作主语时谓语动词用复数形式。
There are two pictures on the wall. Both are beautiful.
墙上有两幅画。它们都很美。
I have two computers. I like both.
我有两台电脑。两台我都喜欢。
2.构成both of短语时要接复数可数名词或复数代词。该结构可以作主语或宾语,作主语时谓语动词用复数形式。
Both of the women are from the UK.
两名妇女都来自英国。
I want both of them.
它们两个我都想要。
【注释3】either表示“(两者中的)任何一个”,可以指人或物。
1.它可以作主语、宾语等成分,作主语时谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
—Which would you like to have, beef or bread 你想吃什么,牛肉还是面包?
—Either is OK. 任何一个都行。
I have bought two cake.You may have either.
我买了两块蛋糕。你要哪块都行。
2.构成either of短语时接复数可数名词或复数代词。该结构可以作主语或宾语,作主语时谓语动词既可以用第三人称单数形式,又可以用复数形式。
Is /Are either of the boys ready
两个男孩都准备好了吗?
There are two books on the desk. You can use either of them.
桌子上有两本书。你可以用它们中的任何一本。
【注释4】neither表示“两者都不”,是both的反义词。
1.它可以作主语、宾语等成分,作主语时谓语动词既可以用第三人称单数形式,又可以用复数形式。
I try on two dresses, but neither fit/fits me.
我试了两件连衣裙,但没有一件适合我穿。
He gives me two pens. But I like neither.
他给了我两支钢笔。但我两个都不喜欢。
2.构成neither of短语时要接复数可数名词或复数代词。该结构可以作主语或宾语,作主语时谓语动词既可以用第三人称单数形式,又可以用复数形式。
Neither of them likes/like playing volleyball.
他们两个人都不喜欢打排球。
He answered neither of the letters.
他两封信都没回。
【注释5】none意为“没有一个”,指三者及以上的人或物中没有一个,强调数量。
1.它可以作主语、宾语等成分。它作主语指代复数可数名词时谓语动词既可以用第三人称单数形式,又可以用复数形式。它作主语指代不可数名词时谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
None has / have arrived.
还没人到。(none作主语,指人)
I wanted some more coffee but there was none left.
我想在多要点咖啡但是杯子里一点也没有了.(none作主语,指coffee)
I went to bookshops to seek information but I found none.
我去了书店查找资料,但什么也没找到。(none作found的宾语,指information)
2.none of可以接不可数名词或复数可数名词。它接不可数名词作主语时谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。它接复数可数名词作主语时谓语动词既可以用第三人称单数形式,又可以用复数形式。
None of the money is mine.
这钱没有一点是我的。
None of these students is / are from the USA.
这些学生没有一人来自美国。
用法辨析 no one和none的区别:
(1)no one意为“没有人”,相当于nobody,只指人,不接介词of引导的短语。它作主语时谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。none可以指人或物,可以接of引导的短语。
No one/Nobody believes him.没有人相信他。
(2)回答who引导的疑问句时可以用no one,不用none。回答用how many或how much引导的疑问句,用none,不用no one。
-Who went out last night?昨晚谁出去了
-No one. 没人。
-How many students are there in the classroom 教室里有多少学生
-None. 一个也没有。
—How much milk is there in the bottle?瓶子里有多少牛奶?
—None.一点都没有。
【注释6】all是none的反义词,意为“全部”,指三者及以上的人或物。
1.它可以作主语、宾语等成分。它代表所有的人或物是复数概念,作主语时谓语动词用复数形式。它代表整个事物是单数概念,作主语时谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
All enjoy themselves.
所有人都玩得很开心。(all作主语,代表所有人)
I know all is well with her.
我知道她一切安好。(all作主语,代表整个事物)
It is hard to please all.
众口难调。(all作动词please的宾语)
2.构成all of短语,可以作主语或宾语。all of+复数可数名词/复数代词作主语时谓语动词用复数形式,all of+不可数名词作主语时谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
All of us are late for school.
我们所有人都上学迟到了。
All of the information is false.
所有的资料都是假的。
I buy all of them.
我把它们全都买下来了。
⑤复合不定代词
【注释1】由some,any,no,every加上-body,-one,-thing构成的不定代词是复合不定代词。
含-body和-one的复合不定代词指人,可以互换使用。含-thing的复合不定代词指事物。
thing one body
some- something 某事、某物 someone 某人 somebody 某人
any- anything任何事 anyone任何人 anybody任何人
every- everything 每件事 everyone 每个人 everybody 每个人
no nothing 无事、无物 no one(分开写) 没有人 nobody 没有人
【注释2】用法:
1.复合不定代词作主语、宾语或表语,不作定语。它作主语时谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
Someone/Somebody is crying in the next room.
有人在隔壁房间哭。(Someone/Somebody作主语)
I have something to say toady.
我今天有些事情要说。(something作have的宾语)
That is nothing.
没什么。(nothing作表语)
2.形容词修饰复合不定代词时要后置。
There is nothing wrong with the machine.这机器没出什么毛病。
3.含有some-和any-的复合不定代词:
(1)something、someone、somebody常用于肯定句。在否定句、疑问句、条件句中用
anything代替something,用anyone/anybody代替someone/somebody。
He found something strange but interesting.他发现了一些奇怪但有趣的东西。
Is there anyone/anybody in the room?房间里有人吗?
If you want anything, please call me.你要是需要什么,请给我打电话。
(2)anyone/anybody表示“任何人”,anything表示“任何事物”时可以用于肯定句或否定句。
Anybody/Anyone can finish the task.任何人都可以完成这份工作。
Bryan will not want to have anything to do with horses in the future.
Bryan将来不想从事任何与马有关的工作。
(3)表示请求、邀请等委婉语气的疑问句,并且希望得到对方肯定答复,用something,不用anything。
—Would you like something to eat 要些吃的东西吗
—Yes,please.好的。
⑥疑问代词what、which、who、whom、whose
【注释1】what作疑问代词时意为“什么”,对事物、职业提问或具体的动作提问。
A pen is in the pencil box.一支钢笔在铅笔盒里。
→What is in the pencil box?什么在铅笔盒里?(what作主语a pen提问)
He is a teacher.他是一名老师。
→What is he 他是做什么的?(what对表语a teacher提问)
I need a cup of tea.我需要一杯茶。
→What do you need?你需要什么?(what对宾语a cup of tea提问)
He plays football every weekend.他每周末踢足球。
→What does he do on the weekend?他每周末做什么?(what对动词短语plays football提问)
【注释2】which作疑问代词时意为“哪个”,对“人、事物”提问,用于在某个范围内作选择。
—Which is Peter 哪个是彼得
—The boy behind Mary is Peter.
玛丽背后的那个男孩是彼得。
—Which do you want?你想要哪一个?
—I want the green one.我想要那个绿色的。
【注释3】who意为“谁”,对人提问。whom是who的宾格,对宾语提问时可以与who互换使用。
He breaks the glass.他打破了这个玻璃杯
→Who breaks the window?谁打破了这个玻璃杯?(who对主语he提问)
He is my brother.他是我哥哥。
→Who is he (who对表语my brother提问)
He helps me.他帮助我。
→Who/Whom does he help?他帮助谁?(who/whom对宾语me提问)
【注释4】whose意为“谁的”,对’s所有格、形容词性物主代词或名词性物主代词提问,不对of构成的名词所有格提问。
That bedroom is mine. 那间卧室是我的。
→Whose is that bedroom 那间卧室是谁的?(whose对表语mine提问)
⑦替代词one、ones、that、those
【注释1】one是泛指,替代表示“人、事物”的可数名词,不替代不可数名词。它替代上文中的单数可数名词时相当于“a/an+名词”,还可以替代复数可数名词中的一个(名词前面可以用形容词作定语)。one与替代的名词同类,不是同一个。
I have some crayons.Do you have one?
我有一些蜡笔。你有一支吗?(one指与some crayons同类的一支蜡笔)
This book is old. I want a new one.
这本书很旧。我想要一本新的。(one和book同类,不是同一本)
【注释2】one前面有the/this/that修饰时是特指,替代前文中表示“人、事物”的单数可数名词或复数可数名词中的一个,是同类替代。one的前面可以用形容词作定语,其后可以接后置定语。
This bike is ugly.I want to buy that beautiful one.
这辆自行车很丑。我想买那辆漂亮的自行车。
The girl I saw was older than the one you were dancing with.
我看到的那个女孩比和你跳舞的那个女孩年龄大。
【注释3】ones泛指前面出现的表示“人、事物”的复数可数名词,其前通常有形容词修饰,与替代的名词同类。ones前面有the/these/those修饰时特指前面出现的复数可数名词,是同类替代。
These apples are too small. Give me big ones.
这些苹果太小了。给我拿大的。(ones回指apples,它们是同类关系)
These are the old classrooms. Those are the new ones.
这些是旧教室。那些是新教室。(the new ones相当于the new classrooms)
【注释4】that是特指,相当于the+单数名词,替代前文中表示事物的名词,不替代表示人的名词。它回指前文的单数可数名词、不可数名词或复数可数名词中的一个,与替代的名词同类,不是同一个。它的前面没有修饰语,其后要用后置定语。
The weather in Shanghai is not so cold as that in Beijing.
上海的天气没像北京那么冷。(that替代前面的the weather,它们同类,不是同一个)
My seat is next to that of the mayor.
我的座位就在市长座位的旁边。(that相当于the seat,与my seat同类,不是同一个)
【注释5】the one替代事物名词而且其后有后置定语时可以换成that。后面有of短语作后置定语时通常用that。
This dictionary is more useful than that/the one I bought yesterday.
这本词典比我昨天买的更有用。
Few pleasures can equal that of a cool drink on a hot day.
没有什么能与在炎热的天气里喝上一杯冷饮同样舒服的了。(that相当于the pleasure,指在炎热的夏天喝冷饮这种乐事)
【注释6】those相当于the ones,替代前文提到的表示“人、事物”的复数可数名词,是同类指代。those前面没有修饰语,其后有后置定语。后面有of短语作后置定语时通常用those。
The waves of red light are about twice as long as those of blue light.
这种红色光线的波长约为蓝色波长的两倍。(those替代前面的waves,两者同类)
The students in our class work harder than those/the ones in their class.
我们班的同学比他们班的同学学习更刻苦。(those替代前面的students,两者同类)
知识拓展 it/that还可以指代全文提到的某件事,翻译为“这”。
—I will visit London next month.我下个月要游览伦敦。
—It/That sounds great.这听起来不错。
二.介词
【注释1】定义:英语中的介词是一种虚词,不能独立存在,需要与名词、代词、V-ing或宾语从句一起构成介词短语。介词后面的成分作介词的宾语。
【注释2】介词的分类:
1.简单介词,也称单个介词,比如in,on,with,for,at,under,of,to等。
2.合成介词是由两个简单介词或介词+名词复合而成的介词,比如into,inside等。
3.二重介词指由两个单一的介词并列,作为一个介词使用并表达一个完整意思的介词,比如from behind。
4.短语介词是一个或两个简单介词和一个或几个其他词类构成的短语,相当于一个介词。比如 because of、in front of等。
5.分词介词是以-ing结尾的介词,比如including。
【注释3】介词短语可以表语、宾语补足语,介词后面接动词时动词必须变为V-ing形式。
1.作表语
I am in China now.
我现在在中国。(in China作表语)
2.作宾语补足语
When I wake up,I find myself on the sofa.
我醒来时发现自己在沙发山。(on the sofa作find myself的宾语补足语)
3.作后置定语
The boy in front of me is Tim.
我前面的男孩是蒂姆。(in front of me作后置定语修饰the boy)
This is the way of learning English.
这是学英语的一种方法。(of learning English作后置定语修饰the way)
4.作状语
The man came out from behind the door.
那个人从门后出来的。(from behind the door作地点状语)
知识回顾
1.某些不及物动词可以与介词搭配构成短语动词,比如depend on/upon。
It depends on/upon how you tackle the problem.
这取决于你如何处理这个问题。(how you tackle the problem是宾语从句,作depend on/upon的宾语)
2.be+形容词+介词是固定结构,比如be interested in。
I am interested in English.我对英语感兴趣。
【注释4】根据介词的功能,分为时间介词、地点介词、方式介词等。
1.时间介词有on、in、at、during等。
(1)on要接表示“星期(几)、某个特定日期、某天的上午/下午/晚上”等词。
on Monday在周一 on May 10th 2020 在2020年5月10日
on Thursday morning 在周四早上 on a hot night在一个炎热的夜晚
on the morning of April 16th 在4月16日的早上
(2)in要接表示“上午、下午、晚上、月、年、季节”的词,是泛指的时间。
in the morning在早上 in spring在春天
in 2020在2020年 in April, 2020 在2020年4月
(3)at接“具体时刻、中午、夜间”等表示时间点的词。谈到圣诞节、新年、复活节或感恩节时,如果指整个节日,介词要用at。
at five o’clock 五点 at night在夜间 at Thanksgiving在感恩节
(4)during意为“在......期间”,要接时间段。
She lived in California during the winter.
整个冬天她住在加利福尼亚州。
2.地点介词有on、in、through、across、beside、next to等。
(1)on表示“在......上”,强调在某物的表面。它还可以表示“在某个楼层”。
There is a map on the wall.墙上有一幅地图。
The library is on the second floor.图书馆在二楼。
(2)in表示“在......里”,指在某个空间内部。它还可以接表示“国家、城市、城镇、村落”等大地点名词。
There is a cat in the bedroom.卧室里有一只猫。
Mr Green was born in Beijing.格林先生在北京出生。
There is no children in the village.这个村子没有小孩。
(3)through表示“(从空间内部)穿过”,across表示“(从表面)穿过”。
It took us 2 hours to walk through the forest.
穿过这片森林花费了我们两个小时。
Let’s swim across the lake.我们游过这个湖吧。
(4)beside表示“在......旁边”。next to表示“挨着”,暗含的距离比beside近。
There is a boy beside the window.
窗户旁边有一个男孩。
The girl next to me is Anne.
紧挨着我的女孩是安妮。
3.方式介词有by、in、with、on、through等。
(1)by表示“通过”,指通过某种方式,接表示“事物”的词或V-ing作方式状语。它接名词时名词前面通常不用修饰语。如果名词前面有形容词,则要在形容词的前面加冠词作修饰语。
The money will be paid each quarter by check.
这钱将每季度用支票支付。
The contest is settled by a practical test.
竞赛是通过一个实际的测试完成的。
She earned money by writing.她靠写作挣钱。
(2)in意为“用”,要接表示“语言、材料(比如墨水)”等词构成方式状语。它接名词时名词前面通常不用修饰语。
What’s that in French?那个用法语怎么说?
I write a letter in black ink.我用黑色墨水写信。
(3)on表示“在......上”时接表示“无线电器材”的名词,比如radio / Internet / computer等,这些名词前面要带上the。接TV/television时它们的前面不用带上冠词。
I watched your daughter dance on TV/television last night.我昨晚通过电视看到了你女儿跳舞。
We like playing computer games on the computer.
我们喜欢在电脑上玩电脑游戏。
(4)through意为“通过”,要接表示“人、事物”的词作方式状语,指通过具体途径。
He became rich through hard work. 他靠努力工作而致富。
He got his job through a friend. 他通过一个朋友得到这份工作。
(5)with意为“用”,侧重用有形的工具或身体器官,名词前面常用冠词或形容词性物主代词作修饰语。
I can write with my left hand. 我会用左手写字。
【注释5】介词的兼词现象:
1.有些单词既可以作介词,又可以作连词,而且含义相同,比如after(在......之后)和before(在......之前)。after/before作介词时要接表示“活动、时间”的名词或V-ing作时间状语,作连词时引导时间状语从句。主句的主语和after/before引导时间状语从句的主语相同时,after/before引导的时间状语从句可以简化为after/before+V-ing结构。
I usually play football after school.我通常放学后踢足球。
I finish my homework before 9 o’clock in the evening.
我晚上9点前完成家庭作业。
After he has turned off the radio,he begins to go over his lessons.
=After turning off the radio,he begins to go over his lessons.
关上收音机后,他开始温习功课。(第一个after是连词,第二个after是介词)
Before he gets to the restaurant,he has felt hungry.
=Before getting to the restaurant,he has felt hungry.
在到达那家餐馆之前,他感到很饿。(第一个before是连词,第二个before是介词)
2.有些词既可以作介词,又可以作副词,比如above和below。
(1)above作介词时意为“在......上方”,表示某物体的位置高出另一物体的位置,两物体不接触,也不一定正对着。它的反义词是below,意为“在......下方”。
The plane is flying above the clouds.
飞机正在云层上飞行。(above作介词)
(2)above作副词时意为“在上面”,反义词是below,意为“在下面”。
Please write to me at the address below.
请按照下面的地址给我写信。(below作副词)
考点聚焦
1.考点:What+do/does+人+look like 询问人的外貌特征。What+be动词+人+like?询问人的性格特征。
—________does your new friend look like
—He is tall with short blonde hair and big blue eyes.
A. How B. Who C. What D. Where
解析:第一句用了“所填词+does+人+look like?”句型,答语“He is tall......eyes.”说明了这个人的外貌特征,只有what用于该句型是询问某人的外貌特征,故选C。
2.考点:a few表示“有几个”,few表示“几乎没有”,都修饰复数可数名词。a little表示“有点儿”,little表示“几乎没有”,都修饰不可数名词。
(1)The man has______friends in this city, so he often stays at home.
A. a few B. few C. little D. a little
解析:所填词修饰复数可数名词friends,根据关键句so he often stays at home.(因此他常常呆在家里),可判断所填词具有否定含义。选项中的few表示“几乎没有”,符合条件,故选B。
(2)— Is your friend still in Australia
— I don’t know. I have_______information about him
because we haven’t seen each other for______years.
A. a little; a few B. little; a few
C. a few; a little D. few; a little
解析:第一空修饰不可数名词,第二空修饰复数可数名词,a few或few都要修饰复数可数名词,排除C、D两项。根据I don’t know,可判断第一空具有否定含义,要用little,故选B。
3.考点:how many表示“多少”,接复数可数名词。how much意为“多少钱”,对价格提问。how far表示“多远”,对距离提问。how often意为“多久一次”,对频率提问。
(1)— I went from a school desk to a ship in my teens.
—_______ days would you be at sea Homesick
A. How long B. How many C. How much D. How soon
解析:所填词修饰复数可数名词days,只有how many表示“多少”,修饰复数可数名词,因此选B。
(2)—Do you know ______ a 5-day trip to Hong Kong costs
—I guess it’s about 4,000.
A. how fast B. how long C. how soon D. how much
解析:“ 4,000”是具体价格,可知所填词对价格提问,要用how much,故选D。
(3)—______is it from your house to the bookstore
—It’s about fifteen minutes’ walk.
A. How long B. How far C. How often
解析:答语“It’s about fifteen minutes’ walk.(大约15分钟的路程。)”回答的是距离,可知是对距离提问,要用how far,因此选B。
(4)— ______ do you go to a movie
— Twice a week.
A. How long B. How soon C. How often D. How far
解析:答语“ Twice a week. (一周两次)”是表示频率的短语,要用how often,故选C。
4.考点:wear表示“戴着”,要接表示“眼镜、帽”等词作宾语。
As a teacher,I really feel worried to see so many students_______glasses.
wearing B.dressing C.putting on D.being in
解析:空后面接了glasses(眼镜)作宾语,选项中只有wearing(戴着)可以接它作宾语,故选A。
5.考点:around表示“围绕”。
The earth goes_______the sun.
A.around B.through C.between D.across
解析:题干意为“地球_____太阳运行。”结合句意,可知要填表示“围绕”的around,因此选A。
6.考点:非谓语动词作后置定语修饰名词时,如果它和被修饰的词之间是逻辑上的主谓关系,它要用动词不定式。
Guo Chuan is the first Chinese______(realize) the dream of sailing around the world.
解析:______ the dream... world是后置定语修饰the first Chinese,可知“realize”是the first Chinese发出的动作,它们是逻辑上的主谓关系,要用动词不定式,故填to realize。
小贴士:V-ing结构修饰“人”时可以表示逻辑上的主谓关系,强调动作正在进行,不符合题干语境,故不能填。
7.考点:since作介词时意为“自从”,要接时间点构成时间状语,与完成时连用。since引导时间状语从句时主句用现在完成时,从句用一般过去时。
(1)China ________ great achievements in science and technology since 1978.
makes B. made C. has made
解析:since 1978是“since+时间点”结构,要与完成时连用,故选C。
(2) Our teachers have been with us for nearly three years _____we came to junior high school.We
should thank them for what they have done for us.
A.until B.before C.since
解析:主句Our teachers have been... years用了现在完成时,从句_____we came...school用了一般过去时,选项中符合这种时态特征的连词是since(自从),故选C。
(3)The program has helped out thousands of homeless children since the government ________it .
A.starts B. had started C. will start D. started
解析:这是主句+since引导的时间状语从句结构,主句用了现在完成时(has helped out),从句要用一般过去时,故选D。
(4)用所给单词的正确形式填空。
She__________(study) English in the school since she left her hometown
解析:这是含有since(自从)引导的时间状语从句的复合句,满足“主句用现在完成时,从句用一般过去时”的原则。主句主语是第三人称的单数代词she,助动词要用has,study的过去分词是studied。因此填has studied。
8.考点:主句是肯定句而且谓语动词是延续性动词,until引导的时间状语从句表示“直到.......时”。主句是否定句,谓语动词可以用延续性动词或短暂性动词,not......until......表示“直到......才......”。
(1)—Excuse me.Is it my turn?
—Not yet.Please wait on the chair____your name is called.
and B.until C.although D.since
解析:空所在句表示“请在椅子上等待_____你的名字被叫。”主句是肯定句,wait是延续性动词。until引导时间状语从句用在这两种条件下表示“直到......时”,符合句意,故选B。
(2)We don't know the love of our parents _______ we become parents ourselves one day.
A. until B. after C. when D. since
解析:空所在句表示“______有一天我们自己变成父母,我们才懂得父母的爱。”
主句We don't...parents是否定句,know是延续性动词。until引导的时间状语从句用在这两种条件下构成not......until结构,表示“直到.....才......”,符合句意,因此选A。
9.考点:instead of表示“代替”,接动词时动词要变为V-ing形式。
用所给单词的正确形式填空。
To reduce air pollution, we'd better ride more often instead of ________(drive).
解析:题干表示“为了减少空气污染,我们最好经常骑车取代开车。”instead of表示“取代”,接动词时动词用变为V-ing形式,drive的V-ing要去e再加-ing,故填driving。
10.考点:neither ... nor ...连接两个名词或代词作主语时谓语动词的单复数形式要根据nor后面的词来确定。both...and...连接两个名词或代词作主语时谓语动词要用复数形式。not only...but also...连接两个名词或代词作主语时谓语动词的单复数形式要根据but also后面的词来确定。
(1)Neither my father nor my mother ________ rock music.They think that it's too ________.
A.like; noise B.likes; noise C.like; noisy D.likes; noisy
解析:neither....nor引导并列成分作主语时谓语的单复数形式由nor后面的内容确定,nor后面接的是单数可数名词my mother,第一空要用第三人称单数形式likes。第二空在程度副词too的后面,要用形容词noisy,故选D。
2._____Anna_____her brother like listening to soft music.
A. Both; and B. Neither; nor C. Either; or D. Not only; but also
解析:_____Anna_____her brother是主语,谓语动词用了动词原形like。选项中,both...and...作主语时谓语动词要用复数形式(行为动词用原形),符合要求,故选A。
3.Not only my parents but also my sister ________ crazy about the TV play in the Name of
People.
A. is B. are C.have been
解析:not only...but also...引导的并列结构作主语时谓语动词的单复数形式要根据but also后面的内容来确定,but also后面接了单数名词my sister,谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式is,故选A。
11.考点:neither...nor...表示“...和...都不”,either...or...表示“要么...要么...”,not only...but also...表示“不但...而且...”。
(1)______Lisa______Lucy may go with you because one of them must stay at home to take care of the dog.
A. Not only,but also B. Neither,nor C. Both,and D. Either,or
解析:题干表示“_____莉莎 ____露西可能和你走”。结合关键句“because one of them must stay at home to take care of the dog.(因为她们中有一个必须呆在家照顾狗)”可知要填表示“要么...要么...”的either...or,故选D。
(2)—Alice,how do your parents like pop music?
—___my dad____my mom likes it.But they both prefer Beijing Opera.
A.Either;or B.Neither;nor C.Not only;but also D.Both;and
解析:题干表示“______我爸爸______我妈妈喜欢流行音乐。”结合关键句“But they both prefer Beijing Opera.(但他们俩都更喜欢京剧)”,可知要填表示“...和...都不”的neither...nor...,故选B。
(3)_________ his partner ______ he has been to Paris,so they know Paris well.
A.Neither; nor B.Not only; but also C.Either; or
解析:题干意为“_____他的伙伴,____去过巴黎”。结合关键句so they know Paris well(所以他们了解巴黎),可知要填表示“不但...而且...”的not only...but also...,因此选B。
12.考点:人称代词的主格只作主语。人称代词的宾格要放在及物动词或介词的后面作宾语。
(1)My father is a good doctor.______works hard to help his patients.
A.He B.Him C.His D.Himself
解析:所填词放在句首作主语,回指前句中的My father,要用人称代词的主格he,故选A。
(2)—Linda,why do you often go to see the pandas?
—I go to see_______because they are very interesting.
they B.them C.their
解析:所填词放在及物动词后面作宾语,其后没接名词,要用人称代词的宾格them,因此选B。
(3)—Do your grandparents live with you
—Yes, we take care of_________ well.
A. they B. their C. them
解析:所填词在介词of的后面,其后没接名词, 要用人称代词的宾格them,因此选C。
13.考点:them特指前句中的复数可数名词。
Everyone makes mistakes in life.The key is not to repeat_____again.
it B.this C.that D.them
解析:所填词回指前文中的mistakes(mistake的复数形式),要用them,故选D。
14.考点:it作无人称代词时可以指代天气,其他代词不可以。
—I am planning a trip to Liangyunggang this summer.How is the weather there?
—Not so hot.Sometimes______is a bit cool and wet.
this B.that C.it D.one
解析:空所在句中的cool and wet表示“凉爽、潮湿”,用于描述天气状况。选项中只有it可以作无人称代词,指天气,因此选C。
15.考点:形容词性物主代词要作前置定语修饰名词。名词性物主代词替代前面提到的名词,可以作主语、宾语、表语等成分,不能作前置定语修饰名词。
(1) —Is that______model plane
—Yes, it’s_______. My sister sent it to me.
A. your; my B. your; mine C. you; me D. yours; mine
解析:第一空作前置定语修饰model plane,要用形容词性物主代词your。第二空替代前句中的model plane,放在be动词的后面作表语,其后没有名词,要用名词性物主代词mine,故选B。
(2)—Is this Kate’s bicycle
—No, ________ is under the tree. She put it there this morning.
A. his B. hers C. mine D. yours
解析:题干意为“这是凯特的自行车吗?不是,_____在树下。”所填词替代Kate’s bicycle,凯特是女孩,要用hers回指她的自行车,因此选B。
(3)Tom's iPad is much newer than______. And it is also more expensive
A. I B. me C. my D. mine
解析:空所在句表示“汤姆的iPad比_____的新。”所填词放在介词than的后面作宾语,回指iPad,要用名词性物主代词,因此选D。
(4)根据汉语提示写出单词。
I met a friend of _____(她的)in the street yesterday
解析:所填词表示“她的”,在介词of的后面,其后没有名词,要用名词性物主代词,故填hers。
16.考点:反身代词作及物动词或介词的宾语时要和主语保持一致。反身代词作同位语时可以放在句末,要与被修饰的词保持一致。
(1)My parents are too old to look after______,so they live with me.
A.himself B.themselves C.myself D.yourselves
解析:所填反身代词作介词after的宾语,要和主语保持一致。主语my parents是第三人称复数,对应的反身代词是themselves,故选B。
(2)Did you do the homework_______?
you B.yourself C.your D.yours
解析:主语是you,所填词在句末作you的同位语,反身代词yourself满足条件,因此选B。
17.考点:enjoy oneself表示“玩得愉快”,by oneself表示“独自”。
(1)用所给单词的正确形式填空。
Last week the students went skating and enjoyed ________ very much.(them)
解析:题干意为“上周学生们去滑冰了,而且______。”根据句意,可知要用enjoy oneself短语,表示“玩得开心”,所填词用反身代词。them的反身代词是themselves,因此填themselves。
(2)My daughter was about 2 years old when she could walk by_______.
A.her B.she C.hers D.herself
解析:题干意为“我女儿能____走路时她大约两岁了。”by oneself是固定短语,表示“独自”,符合句意,故选D。
18.考点:no one表示“没有人”,可以回答who引导的特殊疑问句。none表示“一个都没有”,强调数量,可以回答询问数量的特殊疑问句。
(1)—Who was hurt in the traffic accident?
—_______.
A.None B.No one C.Nothing
解析:这是由who引导的特殊疑问句,回答时只能用no one,因此选B。
(2)—How much juice is there in the fridge?
—_____.Let's go to the supermarket and buy some after supper.
A.None B.Nothing C.Nobody
解析:题干是由how much引导的特殊疑问句,用于询问果汁的数量。选项中只有none可以回答询问数量的特殊疑问句,故选A。
19.考点:both表示“两者都”,either表示“两者中的任何一个”,neither表示“两者都不”,none表示“(三者及以上)一个都没有”。
(1)The Chinese Skyeye and High-speed Train interest people a lot because_____of them are
leading the world in science and technology.
A. both B. each C. either D. neither
解析:题干意为“中国的天眼和高铁使人们非常感兴趣,因为______在科技领域引领世界。”_____of them回指“The Chinese Skyeye and High-speed Train”,可知所填词指两者。结合关键词 interest people a lot(使人们非常感兴趣),可知所填词具有肯定含义,要用表示“两者都”的both,故选A。
(2)—Dad, which do you prefer, tea or coffee
—______ is OK. I don't mind.
A. Both B. Neither C. All D. Either
解析:题干意为“—爸爸,你更喜欢哪一个,茶或咖啡?—_____都可以。”根据关键句“ I don't mind.(我不介意。)”可知要填表示“两者中的任何一个”的either,故选D。
(3)—Do you like rock music or light music
—______. I like Beijing Opera.
A. Either B. None C. Both D. Neither
解析:题干意为“—你喜欢摇滚音乐还是轻音乐?—______.”结合空后面的句子“ I like Beijing Opera.(我喜欢京剧。)”,可判断“我”既不喜欢摇滚音乐,又不喜欢轻音乐,要填表示“两者都不”的neither,因此选D。
(4)—I tried many ways to solve the problem, but ________ of them worked.
—Never give up. You’ll surely make it.
A. all B. none C. neither
解析:题干意为“我尝试了很多解决这个问题的方法,但是它们中______奏效。”结合关键词“many ways(很多方法)”和转折词but,可知要填表示“一个都没”的none,因此选B。
20.考点:anything表示“某物”时用在否定句或疑问句中代替something。形容词修饰复合不定代词时要后置。
(1)I was looking for a birthday gift for my mother,but I couldn’t find____suitable.
something B.anything C.nothing D.everything
解析:题干意为“我正在寻找给我妈妈的生日礼物,但是我没找到____合适。”空所在句是否定句,anything表示“某物”,可以用在该否定句中代替something,故选B。
(2)—Did Qingdao show______to the world during the SCO Summit?
—Sure!Her beauty,high technology and rapid development.
A.something special B.anything special c.special something D.special anything
解析:空所在句表示“青岛在上海合作组织峰会期间向世界展示______吗?”题干是疑问句,结合答语部分“Her beauty,high technology and rapid development.(她的美景,先进的技术以及快速的发展。)”选项中的anything用在疑问句中代替something,表示“某物”,符合句意。由于形容词修饰复合不定代词时要后置,因此选B。
21.考点:在想得到对方肯定回复的疑问句中要用something,不用anything。
—Would you like ____to eat
—Yes, please.
A. anything delicious B. delicious anything C. something delicious
解析:题干意为“—你想吃点_______吗?—是的。”空所在句用于提出邀请并希望得到对方的肯定答复,此时要用something,不用anything,故选C。
22.考点:somebody表示“某人”,nobody表示“没有人”,nothing表示“什么东西都没有”。
(1)—Our classroom is so clean.Who's cleaned it,Li Fei?
—Sorry,I don't know.I think______did it before class.
A.somebody B.nobody C.everybody D.anybody
解析:题干表示“我们的教室这么干净。李芬,谁打扫的?—对不起,我不知道。我觉得______在上课前打扫的。”空所在句是肯定句,结合关键句“Who's cleaned it(谁打扫的)”,可知要填表示“某人”的somebody,故选A。
(2)A robot show will be held in July,but______knows the date for sure.
A. nobody B. everybody C. anybody D. somebody
解析:题干意为“机器人表演将在7月举行,但是_____知道确切的日期。”结合转折词but,可知要填表示“没有人”的nobody,因此选A。
(3)—What else do you need, sir
—________ else. I’ve got enough. Thanks
Nothing B. Anything C. Something D. Everything
解析:题干意为“—先生,你还需要其他什么东西吗?—______。”结合关键句“I’ve got enough.(我有足够的东西。)可知要填与else搭配表示“没有别的了。”的nothing,故选A。
23.考点:what表示“什么”,对职业提问。who表示“谁”,对人提问。
(1)—_______does Liu Chuanjian do?
—He’s a pilot of Sichuan Airlines.He’s a hero!
A.What B.Where C.When
解析:答语部分中的a pilot(飞行员)是具体职业,可知空所在句用于询问职业。由于“What do/does sb do?”是询问职业的固定句型,故选A。
(2)—________ will you ask for help when you are in trouble
—My parents, I think.
A. Who B. What C. Where D. When
解析:题干意为“—你遇到麻烦时你会向____求助?—我想是我父母。”根据答语中的parents,可判断问句是在对人提问,要用who,因此选A。
24.考点:one替代前句中的单数可数名词或复数可数名词中的一个,相当于a/an+名词,与替代的名词同类但不是同一个。it替代前面提到的单数可数名词或不可数名词本身,强调是同一个。that特指前面出现的单数可数名词或不可数名词,相当于the+名词,其后要有后置定语,与替代的词同类但不是同一个。
(1)—My mobile phone doesn’t work, but I can’t find a shop to repair it.
—Oh, let me show you ______ near our school.
A. that B. those C. it D. one
解析:题干意为“我的手机不能运转,但我找不到一家店修它。噢,我指给你我们学校附近的____吧。”所填词替代第一句中的a shop,与替代的词同类,不是同一个。结合语境,可知是泛指学校附近的一家商店,要用one,故选D。
干扰项分析:that替代前面的单数可数名词或不可数名词,相当于“the+单数名词”,特指同名异物。those是特指,回指前面的复数可数名词。it是特指,指代同名同物,排除ABC。
(2)—I’m a little hungry,Mum!
—There are some apple pies on the table.You may take____.
it B.this C.that D.one
解析:所填词替代“some apple pies”中的一个,选项中只有one可以替代前文出现的复数可数名词中的一个,因此选D。
干扰项分析:it替代前句中的单数名词,that作替代词时其后要接后置定语,this回指前文提到的事情,排除ABC。
(3)The weather in summer here is like _______ in Beijing.
A. this B. that C. it D. its
解析:所填词替代the weather,其后有后置定语in Beijing,选项中只有that作代词时可以回指单数名词,其后要有后置定语,因此选B。
干扰项分析:this替代前文出现的事情,it作替代词时其后没有后置定语,its意为“它的”,造成语义矛盾,排除ACD。
25.考点:it可以指代上文提到的事情。
The doctor advised Paul strongly that he should stop smoking,but______didn’t help.
it B.he C.one
解析:题干意为“医生强烈建议保罗应该戒烟,但______没用。”所填词指医生建议保罗戒烟这件事,选项中只有it可以指代前文提到的事情,因此选A。
26.考点:during表示“在.....期间”,after表示“在......之后”。
(1)—It is said that children in South Korea have to hike and walk through mountains at night____their military training.
—Really So their training is much harder than ours.
A. after B. since C. during D. before
解析:题干意为“据说韩国的孩子_____军事训练的夜晚必须徒步穿过高山。”根据关键句“So their training is much harder than ours.(所以他们训练比我们艰苦。)可知要填表示“在......期间”的during,故选C。
(2)_____the exam,we’ll say goodbye to our dear teachers,classmates as well as our beautiful school.
A.In B.For C.After D.Through
解析:题干意为“这次考试______,我们将和我们亲爱的老师、同学以及美丽的校园说再见。”结合关键词exam和We’ll,可知应填表示“在......之后”的after,因此选C。
27.考点:on接表示“具体某天、某天的上午 / 下午 / 晚上”的词,in接表示“上午、下午 、晚、周、月、年、季节”的词。
(1)—Hi, Helen. When were you born
—I was born_________ February, 2003. I’m 15 years old.
on B. in C. at
解析:February, 2003表示“2003年2月”,是具体月份,它的前面要用in,故选B。
(2)I always play basketball to relax myself______Saturdays.
on B.in C.at D.by
解析:空后面的Saturdays指所有周日,表示具体的某天时介词要用on,故选A。
(3)Neil Armstrong was the first man to walk on the moon _______20 July 1969.
in B. on C. at D. for
解析:空后面的20 July 1969(1969年6月20日)是具体的一天,介词要用on,故选B。
(4)More and more young people go skating_____winter.
A. at B. in C. on D. to
解析:空后面的winter(冬季)是具体季节,选项中只有in可以与它搭配,因此选B。
28.考点:at night是固定搭配,意为“在夜里”。
Some workers in that factory have to work______night.
A.at B.for C.with D.among
解析:由于at night是固定短语,故选A。
29.考点:beside表示“在......旁边”,next to表示“紧挨”。
(1)In the picture, he sits ______me, looking very happy.
beside B. among C. up D. through
解析:题干表示“在照片中,他坐在我______,看起来非常开心。”根据关键词sits(坐),可知要填表示“在......旁边”的beside,因此选A。
(2)—Where is Kate
—She is sitting next_____Lily.
to B.in C.on
解析:next to是固定搭配,意为“紧挨”,故选A。
30.考点:on接具体楼层的词表示“在某个楼层”,in表示“在......里”。
(1)—Excuse me, is there a computer room in your school
—Yes.It’s_____the fifth floor.
on B.in C.at D.to
解析:空后面的the fifth floor是具体的楼层,选项中只有on可以与表示具体楼层的短语连用,因此选A。
(2)The river is very clear.We can even see the fish swimming_____it.
A.in B.on C.to D.behind
解析:题干意为“我们甚至能看到鱼正在河______游泳。”空后面的it指前句中的river,可知要填表示“在......里”的in,故选A。
31.考点:across表示“(从表面)穿过”,through表示“(从内部)穿过”。
(1) —Bill, did you see Tom
—Yes, he just parked his car here and then hurried_____the street.
through B. over C. past D. across
解析:空所在句表示“他把他的车停在这里,然后匆忙____马路。”根据空后面的the street(马路),可知要填表示“(从表面)穿过”的across,故选D。
(2)Sam likes trekking_______the jungle, because he thinks it’s exciting.
A. over B. under C. across D. through
解析:题干意为“萨姆喜欢徒步____丛林”根据空后面的“the jungle(丛林)”,可知要填表示“(从内部)穿过”的through,因此选D。
32.考点:介词后面接动词时动词要变为V-ing形式。
China has seen a trend(潮流)of______shared bikes since last year.
A. ride B. riding C. take D. taking
解析:题干意为“中国出现了______共享单车的热潮。”of是介词,接动词时动词要变为V-ing形式。结合句意,可知要填表示“骑”的riding,故选B。
单元知识检测
I.单项选择
1. —Is this ruler
—No. is over there.
A. her; Her B. her; Hers C. hers; Hers D. hers; Her
2.—A little monkey might feel sad because of having a new baby sister or brother!
—Yeah. I didn’t know that_______I saw the film Born in China.
A. if B. until C. since D. although
3.There isn’t __________ with your watch. It works well.
A. wrong something B. anything wrong C. something wrong D. wrong anything
4.—Who taught French
—Nobody. She learned all by .
A. herself; her B. she; herself C. her; herself D. her; she
5.The doctor worked for ________ after 12 o’clock .
A. two more hours B. another two hour
C. two another hour D. more two hours
6.—The local living conditions have improved a lot _______ China set up the city of Sansha.
—And more and more people would like to go there for business.
A. before B. when C. since D. after
7.—How do you like the two books
—______ of them are interesting. And I’ve read them several times.
A. Both B. Neither C. None D. Either
8.Welcome to our hotel!I hope you’ll have a good time____your stay here.
A.after B.during C.with D.since
答案:BBBCA CAB
II.用所给单词的正确形式填空
Jim and his sister went to watch the football match with a friend of_____(they).
2.Miss Lin____________ a lot of work for the poor area since 2019.(do)
3.Boys, don’t lose____ in playing Angry Birds.(oneself)
4.Each of the students________a computer.(have got)
5.This is my twin sister, Lucy. Not only she but also I______good at dancing. (be)
答案:
theirs 2.has done 3.yourselves 4.has got 5.am
III.句型转换(一空一词)
1.I have taught English for 9 years.(改为同义句)
I have taught English_______9 years_______.
Neither Linda nor Anna can cook.(改为反义句)
______Linda_____Anna can cook.
The green T-shirt is mine.(对划线部分提问)
______ _____the green T-shirt?
There are three women teachers in the hall.(对划线部分提问)
_______ ______women teachers are there in the hall?
No one was absent at that time.(对划线部分提问)
_______ ______absent at that time?
答案
since;ago 2.Both;and 3.Whose is 4.How many 5.Who was
IV.阅读短文,判断正误(正确填A,错误填B)
Want to say "hello" from Disneyland Send a post card!
Beautiful scenes of paradise, wild animals, silly pictures — you can find them all in one place. Where On a post card! Have people always sent post cards No. Before post cards, people liked sealed letters.
The idea for the first decorated post card came to John P. Charlton in 1861. He thought a simple card with decorations would be a great way to send a note. Then in the late 1800s, post cards with pictures appeared. By law, people had to write their note on the front ——on the picture! The back was only for the address. Several years later, England allowed a divided-back post card. Then people could write their note on the back left side and put the address on the right. During the early 1900s, the golden age of post cards, picture post cards became a craze of the world. In 1908, Americans alone mailed over 677 million post cards. Today, post cards are the third most popular collection in the world after stamps and coins.
( )1. We can see some silly pictures on the post cards.
( )2.Post cards were produced before sealed letters.
( ) 3.In 1861, the first decorated post card appeared.
( )4.Post cards were most popular during the early 1900s.
( )5.Stamps, coins and post cards are the most popular collections in the world.
答案:BBAAA
V.请根据短文内容及首字母提示填空,使短文意思完整
Working on a team is quite important.However, if people on your team are not good at communicating, you may often feel terrible. To create a s 1 team, good communication is the most necessary part for both the 1 2 and team members. The following are some helpful
s 3 .
◆ Listen to other people actively.
When someone is speaking to you, you’re s 4 to listen to him actively. If you’re
not c 5 about something, you should ask him about it. In this way, you can get your answers to any questions before moving on.
◆ Think about other people’s ideas carefully.
When someone tells you about his ideas, you should think about them carefully, no
m 6 how silly they may seem. This shows you are i 7 in his ideas and makes him feel good.
◆ Share your ideas with other people.
When you have a new idea, talk about it with your team members.This helps to get better ideas.Besides this, it also helps to i 8 your relationships between you and your team members.
◆ Don’t criticize other people.
When someone on your team does something w 9 ,don’t criticize him.You can help him to find out reasons and then help him to d 10 with the problem. Criticizing your team members too often may make them keep away from you. As a result, you may feel lonely.
答案1. successful 2. leader(s) 3. suggestions 4. supposed 5. clear/certain
6. matter 7. interested 8. improve 9. wrong 10. deal/do