外研版（一年级起点）小升初语法基数词和序数词专讲及100道模拟练习题（含答案）
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| 名称 | 外研版（一年级起点）小升初语法基数词和序数词专讲及100道模拟练习题（含答案） |  | |
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基数词和序数词专讲
基数词
基数词是表示数量的词，如 one（1）, two（2）, three（3）等，用于描述 “多少” 的概念。
1 - 12 的基数词：one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve 。这 12 个词是最基础的基数词，它们的拼写和发音没有明显规律，需要逐个记忆，比如 “eleven” 这个词，它的发音和拼写都较为独特，不能通过其他规则推导得出。
13 - 19 的基数词：在个位数词后加 -teen 构成，如 thirteen（13）, fourteen（14）, fifteen（15） 。不过，要格外留意一些特殊情况，像 fifteen 中 f 的拼写，与 five 中 f 的用法一致；而 eighteen 中只加 -een ，因为 eight 本身以 t 结尾，无需重复 t 。
20 - 90 整十数的基数词：在个位数词后加 -ty 构成，如 twenty（20）, thirty（30）, forty（40） 。其中，forty 中 u 的省略是个易错点，要特别注意区分 forty 和 fourty ，避免拼写错误。
两位数的基数词：先说几十，再说几，中间用连字符 “-” 连接 ，如 twenty - one（21）, thirty - five（35）。例如，当我们要表达 “四十六” 时，就写作 “forty - six” ，这种表达方式在日常交流和书面表达中都非常常见。
三位数及以上的基数词：百位和十位（若无十位则和个位）之间用 and 连接，如 one hundred and twenty - three（123） 。1000 以上的数，从后往前数，每三位加一个逗号，分别用 thousand（千）, million（百万）, billion（十亿）等 。例如，1,234 读作 one thousand two hundred and thirty - four；1,234,567 读作 one million two hundred and thirty - four thousand five hundred and sixty - seven 。在实际运用中，要注意这些大数字的读法和写法，比如在记录金额、人口数量等数据时，正确使用基数词非常重要。
基数词的用法广泛，不仅用于计数，还常用于表示时间、年龄、价格、数量等。比如：“I am ten years old.”（我十岁了）；“The book costs twenty dollars.”（这本书价值二十美元） 。
序数词
序数词是表示顺序的词，如 first（第一）, second（第二）, third（第三）等，用来表明事物的先后顺序。
1 - 3 的序数词：first（1st）, second（2nd）, third（3rd） 。这三个词的拼写和形式完全不同于基数词，属于特殊变化，需要强记。first 常缩写为 1st，second 缩写为 2nd，third 缩写为 3rd ，在书写日期、排名等场景中经常会用到这些缩写形式。
4 - 19 的序数词：在基数词词尾加 -th 构成，如 fourth（4th）, sixth（6th） 。但有几个特殊情况需要牢记，fifth（5th）中把 ve 变为 f 再加 -th ，这是因为 five 的词源和演变规律导致的；eighth（8th）只加 -h ，因为 eight 本身结尾是 t，无需再加 -th ；ninth（9th）去掉 e 再加 -th ；twelfth（12th）把 ve 变为 f 再加 -th ，和 fifth 的变化规则类似 。
20 以上整十数的序数词：将基数词词尾的 -ty 中的 y 变为 i，再加 -eth ，如 twentieth（20th）, thirtieth（30th） 。例如，当我们要表达 “第五十” 时，就写作 “fiftieth” ，注意 y 到 i 的变化以及 -eth 的添加。
非整十数的序数词：只将个位数变为序数词，前面的整十数仍用基数词 ，如 twenty - first（21st）, thirty - second（32nd）。比如 “第四十三” 写作 “forty - third” ，在表达楼层、日期、名次等时，经常会用到这种非整十数的序数词形式。
序数词在日常生活中常用于表示日期（如 May 1st，五月一日）、楼层（如 the fifth floor，第五层楼）、顺序（如 the first step，第一步）、排名（如 get the second place，获得第二名）等 。此外，在序数词前一般要加定冠词 the ，但当序数词前有物主代词（如 my, his, her 等）或名词所有格（如 Tom's）修饰时，不用 the ，例如：“This is my first time to visit the city.”（这是我第一次参观这座城市） 。
基数词和序数词虽然都与数字有关，但用法截然不同。基数词侧重于数量的多少，而序数词侧重于顺序的先后 。在学习和使用过程中，要注意区分它们的特点和用法，多通过练习来加深理解和掌握 。
100 道模拟练习题
一、单项选择（每题 1 分，共 50 分）
There are ______ months in a year.
A. twelve B. twelfth C. the twelve
My little brother is ______ years old.
A. three B. third C. the third
The ______ day of a week is Sunday.
A. one B. first C. the first
September is the ______ month of the year.
A. nine B. ninth C. the ninth
I live on the ______ floor.
A. five B. fifth C. the fifth
There are ______ students in our class.
A. forty - five B. forty - fifth C. the forty - five
His birthday is on the ______ of May.
A. twenty B. twentieth C. the twentieth
The ______ Olympic Games were held in Tokyo in 2021.
A. thirty - second B. thirty - two C. the thirty - second
There are ______ days in February in a common year.
A. twenty - eight B. twenty - eighth C. the twenty - eight
My father is ______ years old this year.
A. fourty B. forty C. the forty
The ______ boy in the line is my cousin.
A. seven B. seventh C. the seventh
I got the ______ place in the English competition.
A. two B. second C. the second
There are ______ minutes in an hour.
A. sixty B. sixtieth C. the sixty
December is the ______ month of the year.
A. twelve B. twelfth C. the twelfth
He lives in Room ______.
A. 203 B. 203rd C. the 203
The ______ lesson is very interesting.
A. three B. third C. the third
My sister was born on the ______ of June.
A. fifteen B. fifteenth C. the fifteenth
There are ______ seasons in a year.
A. four B. fourth C. the fourth
The ______ page of this book is very important.
A. ten B. tenth C. the tenth
We are in Grade ______.
A. six B. sixth C. the sixth
The ______ month of the year is March.
A. three B. third C. the third
He is ______ years old.
A. eleven B. eleventh C. the eleventh
My birthday is on the ______ of August.
A. eight B. eighth C. the eighth
There are ______ days in a week.
A. seven B. seventh C. the seventh
The ______ student in the row is my good friend.
A. five B. fifth C. the fifth
The ______ month of the year is November.
A. eleven B. eleventh C. the eleventh
She lives on the ______ floor.
A. nine B. ninth C. the ninth
My brother is in Class ______.
A. four B. fourth C. the fourth
The ______ day of the week is Monday.
A. two B. second C. the second
There are ______ hours in a day.
A. twenty - four B. twenty - fourth C. the twenty - four
The ______ month of the year is July.
A. seven B. seventh C. the seventh
I got the ______ prize in the drawing contest.
A. three B. third C. the third
My mother's birthday is on the ______ of April.
A. twenty - one B. twenty - first C. the twenty - first
There are ______ letters in the English alphabet.
A. twenty - six B. twenty - sixth C. the twenty - six
The ______ book on the shelf is mine.
A. five B. fifth C. the fifth
We are in Team ______.
A. three B. third C. the third
The ______ month of the year is February.
A. two B. second C. the second
He is ______ years old.
A. eight B. eighth C. the eighth
My birthday party is on the ______ of May.
A. twelve B. twelfth C. the twelfth
There are ______ colors in a rainbow.
A. seven B. seventh C. the seventh
The ______ number is 100.
A. hundred B. hundredth C. the hundred
She is in Row ______.
A. five B. fifth C. the fifth
The ______ day of the month is very special.
A. ten B. tenth C. the tenth
My father works on the ______ floor.
A. thirty B. thirtieth C. the thirtieth
The ______ month of the year is August.
A. eight B. eighth C. the eighth
We are in Group ______.
A. four B. fourth C. the fourth
The ______ month of the year is May.
A. five B. fifth C. the fifth
He is ______ years old.
A. ten B. tenth C. the tenth
My sister's birthday is on the ______ of September.
A. nineteen B. nineteenth C. the nineteenth
There are ______ people in my family.
A. six B. sixth C. the sixth
二、用所给词的适当形式填空（每题 1 分，共 30 分）
There are ______ (twelve) months in a year. The ______ (twelve) month is December.
My little brother is ______ (five) years old. Today is his ______ (five) birthday.
September is the ______ (nine) month of the year.
I live on the ______ (three) floor.
There are ______ (thirty - five) students in our class.
His birthday is on the ______ (twenty) of May.
The ______ (thirty - two) Olympic Games were held in Tokyo in 2021.
There are ______ (twenty - eight) days in February in a common year.
My father is ______ (forty) years old this year.
The ______ (seven) boy in the line is my cousin.
I got the ______ (two) place in the English competition.
There are ______ (sixty) minutes in an hour.
December is the ______ (twelve) month of the year.
He lives in Room ______ (203).
The ______ (three) lesson is very interesting.
My sister was born on the ______ (fifteen) of June.
There are ______ (four) seasons in a year.
The ______ (ten) page of this book is very important.
We are in Grade ______ (six).
The ______ (three) month of the year is March.
He is ______ (eleven) years old.
My birthday is on the ______ (eight) of August.
There are ______ (seven) days in a week.
The ______ (five) student in the row is my good friend.
The ______ (eleven) month of the year is November.
She lives on the ______ (nine) floor.
My brother is in Class ______ (four).
The ______ (two) day of the week is Monday.
There are ______ (twenty - four) hours in a day.
The ______ (seven) month of the year is July.
三、翻译下列句子（每题 2 分，共 20 分）
我有三个苹果。
他是我们班的第五个学生。。
一年有十二个月。。
我住在第九层楼。。
今天是我妹妹的八岁生日。。
九月是一年中的第九个月。。
他在比赛中获得了第二名。。
这本书的第十页很有趣。。
我们班有四十五名学生。。
明天是她的二十岁生日。。
答案
一、单项选择
A 2. A 3. B 4. B 5. B 6. A 7. B 8. A 9. A 10. B 11. B 12. B 13. A 14. B 15. A 16. B 17. B 18. A 19. B 20. A 21. B 22. A 23. B 24. A 25. B 26. B 27. B 28. A 29. B 30. A 31. B 32. B 33. B 34. A 35. B 36. A 37. B 38. A 39. B 40. A 41. A 42. A 43. B 44. B 45. B 46. A 47. B 48. A 49. B 50. A
二、用所给词的适当形式填空
twelve; twelfth 2. five; fifth 3. ninth 4. third 5. thirty - five 6. twentieth 7. thirty - second 8. twenty - eight 9. forty 10. seventh 11. second 12. sixty 13. twelfth 14. 203 15. third 16. fifteenth 17. four 18. tenth 19. six 20. third 21. eleven 22. eighth 23. seven 24. fifth 25. eleventh 26. ninth 27. four 28. second 29. twenty - four 30. seventh
三、翻译下列句子
I have three apples.
He is the fifth student in our class.
There are twelve months in a year.
I live on the ninth floor.
Today is my sister's eighth birthday.
September is the ninth month of the year.
He got the second place in the competition.
The tenth page of this book is very interesting.
There are forty - five students in our class.
Tomorrow is her twentieth birthday.
基数词
基数词是表示数量的词，如 one（1）, two（2）, three（3）等，用于描述 “多少” 的概念。
1 - 12 的基数词：one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve 。这 12 个词是最基础的基数词，它们的拼写和发音没有明显规律，需要逐个记忆，比如 “eleven” 这个词，它的发音和拼写都较为独特，不能通过其他规则推导得出。
13 - 19 的基数词：在个位数词后加 -teen 构成，如 thirteen（13）, fourteen（14）, fifteen（15） 。不过，要格外留意一些特殊情况，像 fifteen 中 f 的拼写，与 five 中 f 的用法一致；而 eighteen 中只加 -een ，因为 eight 本身以 t 结尾，无需重复 t 。
20 - 90 整十数的基数词：在个位数词后加 -ty 构成，如 twenty（20）, thirty（30）, forty（40） 。其中，forty 中 u 的省略是个易错点，要特别注意区分 forty 和 fourty ，避免拼写错误。
两位数的基数词：先说几十，再说几，中间用连字符 “-” 连接 ，如 twenty - one（21）, thirty - five（35）。例如，当我们要表达 “四十六” 时，就写作 “forty - six” ，这种表达方式在日常交流和书面表达中都非常常见。
三位数及以上的基数词：百位和十位（若无十位则和个位）之间用 and 连接，如 one hundred and twenty - three（123） 。1000 以上的数，从后往前数，每三位加一个逗号，分别用 thousand（千）, million（百万）, billion（十亿）等 。例如，1,234 读作 one thousand two hundred and thirty - four；1,234,567 读作 one million two hundred and thirty - four thousand five hundred and sixty - seven 。在实际运用中，要注意这些大数字的读法和写法，比如在记录金额、人口数量等数据时，正确使用基数词非常重要。
基数词的用法广泛，不仅用于计数，还常用于表示时间、年龄、价格、数量等。比如：“I am ten years old.”（我十岁了）；“The book costs twenty dollars.”（这本书价值二十美元） 。
序数词
序数词是表示顺序的词，如 first（第一）, second（第二）, third（第三）等，用来表明事物的先后顺序。
1 - 3 的序数词：first（1st）, second（2nd）, third（3rd） 。这三个词的拼写和形式完全不同于基数词，属于特殊变化，需要强记。first 常缩写为 1st，second 缩写为 2nd，third 缩写为 3rd ，在书写日期、排名等场景中经常会用到这些缩写形式。
4 - 19 的序数词：在基数词词尾加 -th 构成，如 fourth（4th）, sixth（6th） 。但有几个特殊情况需要牢记，fifth（5th）中把 ve 变为 f 再加 -th ，这是因为 five 的词源和演变规律导致的；eighth（8th）只加 -h ，因为 eight 本身结尾是 t，无需再加 -th ；ninth（9th）去掉 e 再加 -th ；twelfth（12th）把 ve 变为 f 再加 -th ，和 fifth 的变化规则类似 。
20 以上整十数的序数词：将基数词词尾的 -ty 中的 y 变为 i，再加 -eth ，如 twentieth（20th）, thirtieth（30th） 。例如，当我们要表达 “第五十” 时，就写作 “fiftieth” ，注意 y 到 i 的变化以及 -eth 的添加。
非整十数的序数词：只将个位数变为序数词，前面的整十数仍用基数词 ，如 twenty - first（21st）, thirty - second（32nd）。比如 “第四十三” 写作 “forty - third” ，在表达楼层、日期、名次等时，经常会用到这种非整十数的序数词形式。
序数词在日常生活中常用于表示日期（如 May 1st，五月一日）、楼层（如 the fifth floor，第五层楼）、顺序（如 the first step，第一步）、排名（如 get the second place，获得第二名）等 。此外，在序数词前一般要加定冠词 the ，但当序数词前有物主代词（如 my, his, her 等）或名词所有格（如 Tom's）修饰时，不用 the ，例如：“This is my first time to visit the city.”（这是我第一次参观这座城市） 。
基数词和序数词虽然都与数字有关，但用法截然不同。基数词侧重于数量的多少，而序数词侧重于顺序的先后 。在学习和使用过程中，要注意区分它们的特点和用法，多通过练习来加深理解和掌握 。
100 道模拟练习题
一、单项选择（每题 1 分，共 50 分）
There are ______ months in a year.
A. twelve B. twelfth C. the twelve
My little brother is ______ years old.
A. three B. third C. the third
The ______ day of a week is Sunday.
A. one B. first C. the first
September is the ______ month of the year.
A. nine B. ninth C. the ninth
I live on the ______ floor.
A. five B. fifth C. the fifth
There are ______ students in our class.
A. forty - five B. forty - fifth C. the forty - five
His birthday is on the ______ of May.
A. twenty B. twentieth C. the twentieth
The ______ Olympic Games were held in Tokyo in 2021.
A. thirty - second B. thirty - two C. the thirty - second
There are ______ days in February in a common year.
A. twenty - eight B. twenty - eighth C. the twenty - eight
My father is ______ years old this year.
A. fourty B. forty C. the forty
The ______ boy in the line is my cousin.
A. seven B. seventh C. the seventh
I got the ______ place in the English competition.
A. two B. second C. the second
There are ______ minutes in an hour.
A. sixty B. sixtieth C. the sixty
December is the ______ month of the year.
A. twelve B. twelfth C. the twelfth
He lives in Room ______.
A. 203 B. 203rd C. the 203
The ______ lesson is very interesting.
A. three B. third C. the third
My sister was born on the ______ of June.
A. fifteen B. fifteenth C. the fifteenth
There are ______ seasons in a year.
A. four B. fourth C. the fourth
The ______ page of this book is very important.
A. ten B. tenth C. the tenth
We are in Grade ______.
A. six B. sixth C. the sixth
The ______ month of the year is March.
A. three B. third C. the third
He is ______ years old.
A. eleven B. eleventh C. the eleventh
My birthday is on the ______ of August.
A. eight B. eighth C. the eighth
There are ______ days in a week.
A. seven B. seventh C. the seventh
The ______ student in the row is my good friend.
A. five B. fifth C. the fifth
The ______ month of the year is November.
A. eleven B. eleventh C. the eleventh
She lives on the ______ floor.
A. nine B. ninth C. the ninth
My brother is in Class ______.
A. four B. fourth C. the fourth
The ______ day of the week is Monday.
A. two B. second C. the second
There are ______ hours in a day.
A. twenty - four B. twenty - fourth C. the twenty - four
The ______ month of the year is July.
A. seven B. seventh C. the seventh
I got the ______ prize in the drawing contest.
A. three B. third C. the third
My mother's birthday is on the ______ of April.
A. twenty - one B. twenty - first C. the twenty - first
There are ______ letters in the English alphabet.
A. twenty - six B. twenty - sixth C. the twenty - six
The ______ book on the shelf is mine.
A. five B. fifth C. the fifth
We are in Team ______.
A. three B. third C. the third
The ______ month of the year is February.
A. two B. second C. the second
He is ______ years old.
A. eight B. eighth C. the eighth
My birthday party is on the ______ of May.
A. twelve B. twelfth C. the twelfth
There are ______ colors in a rainbow.
A. seven B. seventh C. the seventh
The ______ number is 100.
A. hundred B. hundredth C. the hundred
She is in Row ______.
A. five B. fifth C. the fifth
The ______ day of the month is very special.
A. ten B. tenth C. the tenth
My father works on the ______ floor.
A. thirty B. thirtieth C. the thirtieth
The ______ month of the year is August.
A. eight B. eighth C. the eighth
We are in Group ______.
A. four B. fourth C. the fourth
The ______ month of the year is May.
A. five B. fifth C. the fifth
He is ______ years old.
A. ten B. tenth C. the tenth
My sister's birthday is on the ______ of September.
A. nineteen B. nineteenth C. the nineteenth
There are ______ people in my family.
A. six B. sixth C. the sixth
二、用所给词的适当形式填空（每题 1 分，共 30 分）
There are ______ (twelve) months in a year. The ______ (twelve) month is December.
My little brother is ______ (five) years old. Today is his ______ (five) birthday.
September is the ______ (nine) month of the year.
I live on the ______ (three) floor.
There are ______ (thirty - five) students in our class.
His birthday is on the ______ (twenty) of May.
The ______ (thirty - two) Olympic Games were held in Tokyo in 2021.
There are ______ (twenty - eight) days in February in a common year.
My father is ______ (forty) years old this year.
The ______ (seven) boy in the line is my cousin.
I got the ______ (two) place in the English competition.
There are ______ (sixty) minutes in an hour.
December is the ______ (twelve) month of the year.
He lives in Room ______ (203).
The ______ (three) lesson is very interesting.
My sister was born on the ______ (fifteen) of June.
There are ______ (four) seasons in a year.
The ______ (ten) page of this book is very important.
We are in Grade ______ (six).
The ______ (three) month of the year is March.
He is ______ (eleven) years old.
My birthday is on the ______ (eight) of August.
There are ______ (seven) days in a week.
The ______ (five) student in the row is my good friend.
The ______ (eleven) month of the year is November.
She lives on the ______ (nine) floor.
My brother is in Class ______ (four).
The ______ (two) day of the week is Monday.
There are ______ (twenty - four) hours in a day.
The ______ (seven) month of the year is July.
三、翻译下列句子（每题 2 分，共 20 分）
我有三个苹果。
他是我们班的第五个学生。。
一年有十二个月。。
我住在第九层楼。。
今天是我妹妹的八岁生日。。
九月是一年中的第九个月。。
他在比赛中获得了第二名。。
这本书的第十页很有趣。。
我们班有四十五名学生。。
明天是她的二十岁生日。。
答案
一、单项选择
A 2. A 3. B 4. B 5. B 6. A 7. B 8. A 9. A 10. B 11. B 12. B 13. A 14. B 15. A 16. B 17. B 18. A 19. B 20. A 21. B 22. A 23. B 24. A 25. B 26. B 27. B 28. A 29. B 30. A 31. B 32. B 33. B 34. A 35. B 36. A 37. B 38. A 39. B 40. A 41. A 42. A 43. B 44. B 45. B 46. A 47. B 48. A 49. B 50. A
二、用所给词的适当形式填空
twelve; twelfth 2. five; fifth 3. ninth 4. third 5. thirty - five 6. twentieth 7. thirty - second 8. twenty - eight 9. forty 10. seventh 11. second 12. sixty 13. twelfth 14. 203 15. third 16. fifteenth 17. four 18. tenth 19. six 20. third 21. eleven 22. eighth 23. seven 24. fifth 25. eleventh 26. ninth 27. four 28. second 29. twenty - four 30. seventh
三、翻译下列句子
I have three apples.
He is the fifth student in our class.
There are twelve months in a year.
I live on the ninth floor.
Today is my sister's eighth birthday.
September is the ninth month of the year.
He got the second place in the competition.
The tenth page of this book is very interesting.
There are forty - five students in our class.
Tomorrow is her twentieth birthday.