课件69张PPT。八年级上册9PopulationModuleUnit 1
The population of China is about 1.37 billion.
Do you know how many people are
there in the world now?7 billion One day, the world will be like this. How about China?It’s about 1.37 billion.China's Population - OverviewA baby girl named Danica Camacho born in Philippine capital Manila, has been chosen symbolically(象征性地) as the world's seven billionth baby. List of continents by population Grasp the key words and key structure:
noise, prepare, notes, report, grow, problem, birth, billion, fifth; Beijing is a huge city with a
large population. That makes over 131.4
million births a year.
2. Reading aim:
To be able to read and understand large
numbers.
3. Affection:
we should care more about the population problems of our country.
Teaching aims/n?Iz /
/prI'pe? /
/n?uts /
/rI'p?:t /
/ɡr?u /
/hju:d?/
/k?:z /
噪声;杂音 n.noise 准备;预备 v.prepare笔记;随 笔 n.(pl.)report报告;汇报 n. (grew /ɡru:)增长;增大 v.notesgrowWords and expressionshuge造成;引起 v.巨大的;庞大的 adj. cause/'pr?bl?m /
/'I?kri:s /
/b?:θ/
/'bIlj?n /
/fIfθ/
hang on
/fl?t /
麻烦;问题 n. problem增大;增长 n.
增大;增长 v
increase birth出生 n. 十亿 num. 第五;五分之一 num. billion 稍等套房;公寓 n. flatfifth1 Work in pairs. Look at the picture and talk about it. Use the words in the box to help you. noise people
space traffic2 Listen and check the correct answer:1 What is the population of Beijing?
a) About 11 million
b) About 13 million
c) About 20 million
2 What is the population of Chongqing?
a) About 28 million
b) About 33 million
c) About 36 million√√3. Listen and readEveryday EnglishI can’t believe it!
Hang on a minute!
Great!
Then listen and read.Betty: What are you doing?
Tony: I’m preparing some notes for a report
called “Our growing population”.
Lingling: Well, we’re in the right place to talk about that! Beijing is a huge city with a large population. That causes a lot of problems, such as too much traffic and noise.
Betty: It’s not only Beijing. Populationincrease is a big problem in many countries.
Do you know how many babies are born every
minute in the world?
Tony: No. Can you tell me?
Betty: Over 250! That makes over 131.4 million
births a year.
Lingling: I can’t believe it!
Betty: The population of China is about 1.37
billion. That’s almost one fifth of the
world’s population, that is, about 7 billion.
Tony: Hang on a minute! I will write that down
too! Betty: But in the future, China’s population
won’t grow so fast, because families
are getting smaller.
Lingling: How do you know all this?
Betty: I wrote my report yesterday!
Tony: Great, thanks! Now I can write my report!
Babies born every minute in the world:
Babies born every year in the world:
Population of China:
Population of the world:
Now complete the notes.over 250over 131.4 millionabout 1.37 billionabout 7 billion4 Choose the correct answer.1 Birth happens at the start / at the end of life.
2 Huge means large / small.
3 An increase in population means more / fewer people.
4 Hang on a minute means wait for a short time / a long time.7 A report is a long piece of writing / a few words.
8 A billion is a hundred / a thousand million.5 Making notes means writing a long passage / a few words.
6 A problem is something easy / difficult. Pronunciation and speaking5 Listen and repeat. 8,742
eight thousand, seven hundred and forty-two.
2,463,128 two million, four hundred and sixty-three thousand, one hundred and twenty-eight1,370,000,000 one billion, three hundred and seventy million
2,000,030,000
two billion and thirty thousand6 Check (√) the statements you agree with.1 There are too many people in the world.
2 The increasing population is the biggest problem in the world.
3 People should not have too many babies.
4 A city should not hold more than one million people.
Now work in groups and discuss your answers. √√Grammar Focus(一)数词 Numeral数词是用来表示事物的数目和顺序的词。数词的分类:
1.基数词
2.序数词
3.分数词
今天我们先来学习一下基数词。1. 复习1—100以内的所有数字。
2. 掌握百、千、万、十万、百万的表达法。
1、1-19的基数词 one 1
two 2
three 3
four 4
five 5 six 6
seven 7
eight 8
nine 9
ten 10 eleven 11
twelve 12
thirteen 13
fourteen 14
fifteen 15
sixteen 16
seventeen 17
eighteen 18
nineteen 192、20—90等十位数twenty 20
thirty 30
forty 40
fifty 50
sixty 60
seventy 70
eighty 80
ninety 90
twenty-one 21
twenty-two 22
………………
其它的十位数照此类推,如:
thirty-one 31
forty-two 42
seventy-five 75
ninety-six 963、百、千、万 百 hundred 100 one hundred
200 two hundred
以此类推····
千 thousand 1 000 one thousand
2 000 two thousand·········
英语里没有“万”这一单位,万也用thousand表示。如:10 000 ten thousand 一万20 000 twenty thousand 两万·····
4、十万、百万十万的说法是: 100.000
a (one) hundred thousand
200.000
two hundred thousand
million 百万 a (one) million 1 000 000
two million 2 000 000
········以此类推 ······
8 000 000 eight million练一练
345
1001
18,657,421
three hundred and forty-fiveone thousand (and) oneeighteen million, six hundred and fifty-seven thousand, four hundred and twenty-oneThe project lasted 5 years and cost 2 billion
dollars.
2. The Chinese have been making paper for
two thousand years.
3. One thousand punds is a lot of money.表示确定数量时 用基数词+ hundred,thousand,million,billion多位基数词读法457890608389three hundred and eighty-ninefour hundred and fifty-seveneight hundred and ninetysix hundred and eight 1)101~999的三位数由“百位数+and+两位数组成”。 如:325—three hundred and twenty-five 102 one hundred and two635 six hundred and thirty-five2)三位数以上的数,从个位往前数,每三位数加一个逗号,从后往前数的第一个逗号代表thousand, 第二个逗号代表million, 第三个逗号是billion,注意这几个词不能用复数形式,后也不能加and。例如:
2,648
two thousand, six hundred and forty-eight
16,250,064
sixteen million, two hundred and fifty thousand, sixty-four 确切数目与不确切数目的表达:
hundred, thousand, million, billion等前面有
基数词,表示确切数目时,用单数,后直接
接复数名词;如:
three hundred books
one hundred people
five thousand students
seven million starts表示不确切数目时,这类词后加-s且与of连
用。如:
hundreds of people
thousands of students
millions of birds
billions of lions
注意:这类短语中,名词前如有定冠词、指
示代词或形容词性物主代词时,可加of, 但
表示的是范围。如:two hundred of the
workers工人中的二百(人)Grammar Focus(二)冠词 Articles◆冠词的定义◆不定冠词的用法◆定冠词的用法◆不用冠词的情况◆用冠词和不用冠词的差异一.冠词的定义 冠词是一种虚词,没有词义,没有数和格的变化,不能单独使用,只能帮助名词或起名词作用的其他词类说明其意义。
冠词分定冠词和不定冠词两大类。定冠词特指一特定名词,不定冠词泛指一般普通名词。二.不定冠词的用法不定冠词有a和an两种形式,a用在以辅音开头的名词前,an用在以元音开头的名词前。它的用法如下:
1.表示“一个”的意思,与数词one相同。
例如:Rome was not built in a day.
罗马不是一天建成的;伟业非一日之功
The project(项目,计划) will be carried out(执行,贯策) in a year or two.2.表示一类人或事物。
例如:A dog is a faithful(忠诚的) animal.
Even a woman can do it.
3.表示“每一”,相当于per,用于某些表示时
间、重量、长度等单位前。
例如:He earns two thousand yuan a month.
The train is running sixty miles(英
里)an hour.
4.表示同样的人或事物,相当于the same。
例如:Birds of a feather(羽毛) flock (一群)together./They are people of a kind.
一群同样羽毛的鸟在一起/物以类聚,人以群分。 5.物质名词或抽象名词前用a 或an表示具体意义、制成品或种类。
例如:Green tea is a wonderful tea.
She is a beauty.(美人)
Please give me a coffee.
6.用于人名前,表示说话者对此人不认识,相当于“a certain”,也可指于某名人有类似性质的人或事物。
例如:A Mr. Chen came to see you this morning.
He wishes to become a Newton.7.有些世界上独一无二的东西,如sun, moon, sky, universe(宇宙),world(世间,地球) ,earth (地球)等,一般前面要用定冠词,但当他们前面有修饰语时,则要用不定冠词。
例如:We hope we can see a full moon
tonight.
He sat in a chair, looking at a starry 布满星星的 sky.8. 在作单数可数名词定语的形容词最高级前,
如果不表示“最”,而表“非常”,则用不定冠词。例如:
That is a best dictionary.
This is a most troublesome(费事的) case.
(情形,情况)
9. 序数词前,一般有定冠词,但当表示“又一
个”时,则要用不定冠词。
例如:They have a second house.
When I sat down, a fifth man rose (动词,rise的过去式 “站起来”)to speak.
10. 季节、月份、日期、三餐前有修饰语时,
用不定冠词。
例如:We had a wonderful lunch.
We had a very cold winter last year.
11. 用在某些固定的短语中
例如:once upon a time (从前) in a hurry
(匆匆忙忙)
have a rest have a good time
have a look all of a sudden (突然地)
have a cold/fever(发热)/cough/headache/
pain(疼痛)1. I’m preparing some notes for a report called “Our growing population”.
我正在为一篇名为《我们不断增长的人口》的报告准备笔记。
Prepare常见用法:
? prepare … 准备/做…
Mom was preparing dinner in the kitchen.
妈妈在厨房准备晚饭。Language points? prepare for… 为……做准备
Hope for the best and prepare for the worst.
报最大的希望,做最坏的准备
? prepare sth. for… 为……准备某物
Please prepare the table for the dinner.
请摆好桌子吃饭。2. Beijing is a huge city with a large population.
That causes a lot of problems, such as too
much traffic and noise.
北京是一个人口众多的大城市。那会引起
众多问题,比如交通拥挤,噪音污染等。
(1) population n. 人口,人数
1) 集体名词,无复数形式,在句中作主语时,谓
语动词用单数形式. 目前的人口增长很快。
The population today is growing very fast.
2) population 之前若有分数或百分数修饰时,
用于指具体人数作主语时,谓语动词则用复
数形式.
这儿大约有五分之三的人口是农民。
About three fifths of the population
here are farmers.
3) 表示某一范围内有多少人口时,用 has a
population of + 数词.
中国有13亿人口。
China has a population of 1.3 billion.
4) 问某地有多少人口时, 用
What is/was the population of + 地名?
中国有多少人口?
What’s the population of China?
(5) 表示人口的多少时,用large或small 修饰,而
不能用many, more或few等.
中国是世界上人口最多的国家。
China has the largest population of the world.
(2) too muchtoo much 太多(+名词/放在行为动词后
起限制作用)
too many +可数名词,是”非常”的 意思
much too =quite+形容词/副词,是非常/ 十分increase
① vt. 增大; 增加; 增强
② vi. 增大; 增加; 增强
Travel increases one’s knowledge of the world. 旅游增进人对世界的了解。
Foreign investments there increased five times. 那里的外国投资增加了五倍。3. Population increase is a big problem in many countries.
人口增长在很多国家都是很大的问题。4. That’s almost one fifth of the world’s population.
那几乎占了全世界人口的五分之一。
英语分数的表示法: 用“基数词+序数词”表示,其中基数词表示分子,序数词表示分母。分子除用one外,也可用a;如果分子大于1,分母要用复数形式。
Two thirds of the students have passed the exam.?三分之二的学生考试及格了。注意:1/2不能说a(one)second,而要说a(one)half。
1/4和3/4可以说a(one)fourth和three fourths,但常用a quarter和three quarters表示。
若它们在句子中作主语,则谓语动词是用单数还是复数取决于名词,即与分数所修饰的名词保持一致。
About two thirds of the students attend the meeting.
大约2/3的学生都参加了会议。 5. Hang on a minute! I will write that down too!
等等,我要把这点也记下来!
Hang on 表示:“让某人等一下”;例如:
Sally’s on the other phone — would you like
to hang on?
萨利再接另一个电话,请您稍等一下可以吗?
Hang on! I’ll be back in a minute.
稍等! 我马上回来。
一、用英语写出下列数字:ninety-eight thousand seven hundred
and fifty-four Nine hundred and eighty-threeExercise five hundred (and) sixty-six seven hundred and nine 566__________________________________
709__________________________________
983__________________________________
98 754_______________________________
________________________________3 872Three thousand eight hundred and
seventy-two46 290Forty-six thousand two hundred and
ninety58 230 Fifty-eight thousand two hundred
and thirty596
84,321
9,648,215five hundred and ninety-sixeighty-four thousand three hundred and twenty-oneNine million, six hundred and forty-eight thousand, two hundred and fifteen二、翻译下列句子。1. 北京人口是多少? _______ ____the _________ ____Beijing? 2. 中国的人口大约为13亿。 The _________ ____China _____
_____ ___________.What is population of population of is
about 1.3 billion4. 增长的人口给一些国家带来众多问题。 An __________ __________ causes
______ ______in some _____. 3. 人口太多,空间不够。 There are______ ______people and there
is not _______ ______. too much
enough spaceincreasing populationmany problems countries( ) 1. The bike cost me ________ yuan.
A five hundred and forty
B five hundreds forty C five hundred forty
D five hundred forty A ( ) 2. ____ people in the world are sending and
receiving e-mails every day. A. Million of B. Many millions of
C. Several million of D. Several millionsB三、单项选择。( ) 3. _______ trees were planted on the
mountain last year.
A. Thousands of B. Thousand of
C. Five thousand of D. Five thousands.A ( ) 4. ---Can you write the number eighty-five
thousand, six hundred and twenty-six?
---Yes, it is __________.
A. 856620 B. 85626
C. 58662 D. 58626B 5 _______ is the population of your country?
A. How many???? B. How much????
C. Which??? D. What
6 As time goes on, the world’s population
is _________. A. more and more??????????
B. larger and larger C. smaller and smaller??
? ?D. fewer and fewer
BD7. People shouldn’t have ____ babies.
A. too much B. much too
C. too many D. number of
8. He?eats?____?food,?so?he?is?____fat.?A.?too?many; too?much??
B.?too?many; much?too?C.?too?much; too?much
D. too?much;?much?too 9. _____ of the room _____ empty.
A. Two-third, are
B. Two-thirds, are
C. Two- third, is
D. Two-thirds, is
10. There are _____ books in the National Library.
A. twenty millions
B. twenty million of
C. twenty million
D. twenty millions ofHomework Practice with your classmates to speak and
write large numbers.
Write some number cars and put them in
your room. Whenever you see, read them
quickly.课件48张PPT。八年级上册9ModuleUnit 2
Arnwick was a city with 200,000 people. PopulationWarming up1. Do you like cities or countryside?
2. What are the major differences between them?Country-sideCountry-sideCityCityGrasp the key words and key structure:
rubbish, quiet, close down, pupil, population,
solve; Parkville was near Arnwick, a city with
200,000 people. … Arnwick became a city with over a million people.
2. Reading aim:
To be able to write about problems and solutions.
3. Affection:
we should try our best to let more people know
the problems of our growing population.
Teaching aims/'r?bI? /
/'kwaI?t /
/'l?ukl /
close down
/'pju:pl /
/p?'lu:?n /
/'p?blIk /
/'s?:vIs /
/ 's?lv /垃圾;废弃物 n.rubbish寂静的;安静的 adj.local当地的;本地的 adj.pupil(永久)关闭,关停quiet 学生;(尤指)小学生n.污染 n.public公共的;公众的 adj.pollution公共服务;服务 n. service解决问题 v.solveWords and expression1 Work in pairs. Ask and answer the
questions. Use the words in the box to
help you. countryside field flat hospital
job office rubbish village 1 Why do people move to cities?
2 What are the problems of big cities?Listen and read2 Read the passage and check your answers to Activity 1. Could it be your town?
Jo is fifteen and lives in Parkville. When Jo’s grandparents first came to Parkville, it was a quiet village. They had a small house, close to fields and hills.
Parkville was near Arnwick, a city with
200,000 people. People from Parkville moved to Arnwick to find jobs, and they needed places to live. However, it was expensive to live in the city centre, so the government built flats outside the centre. Soon, Parkville became part of Arnwick, and Arnwick became a city with over a million people. Jo’s family lives in one of those flats. It is very crowded, and rubbish is also a problem.
The small local school in Parkville closed down five years ago, so Jo now has to go to a school in Arnwick with 2000 pupils. It takes an hour to get there by bus. There is a lot of traffic and pollution.
It is clear that Arnwick needs more schools, buses and hospitals. It needs fresh air, clean water, and better public services. It also needs more police to protect its people. But to do all these things, it needs more money.
However, can money help solve all these problems? Do we need more big cities like this? In fact, this is just a story. But it describes what is happening all over the world. Could it be your town some day? 1 Parkville was a quite will age.
2 Arnwick was a city with 200,000 people.
3 Parkville now has a population of more
than one million.
4 The local school in Parkville has 2,000 pupils.
5 Big cities need more money for public
services.3 Check (√) the true sentences. √√√4 Complete the passage with the correct form of the words in the box. Many towns and cities have the same problems as Arnwick. People need places to live, so the (1)_________ government has to build more (2) ___________ . flat local pollution
rubbish service thousandlocalflatspeople need better bus and train (3)________ . They also produce more (4) ____________ , so the government has to make more efforts to protect the city against (5) __________ . As we say, a hundred people make a (6) ________ problem!servicesrubbishpollutionthousandWriting5 Read and check (√) the problems that exist in your hometown.( ) Many young people want to leave the
countryside because they want to find jobs
in the city.
( ) There are not enough schools and hospitals
in big cities.√√( ) Too much traffic brings air pollution.
( ) There is too much rubbish in the streets.
( ) There are not enough police in the city.
( ) It is difficult to get enough clean water.√√6 Write down your suggestions to solve the problems in Activity 5. tips1.基数词hundred thousand million 和 billion 之前有具体数字或者several, a few 修饰时,用单数five
several
a few+hundred
thousand
million
billionReview e.g. 1. I have told him hundreds of times.
2. There are thousands of tourists in the
Forbidden City.
tips
2. 当不具体指代的数量时,hundred, thousand, million, billion 要用复数,且和of 连用,也可被several,many等修饰。hundreds
thousands
millions
billions
+ofSeveral
many+1. They had a small house, close to fields and hills.
他们有一座小房子,离田地和山都很近。
close to 意为“接近的,靠近的”
His house is close to the factory. 他家靠近该厂。
close另一个常用的意思“亲密的,亲切的”
She is a close friend of theirs. 她是他们的挚友。 Language points2. …and Arnwick became a city with over a
million people. .
billion的意思是“十亿”。中文常用的数字有:个、十、百、千、万。亿。请同学们注意,英语常用的数字单位与中文有所不同,为:hundred (百)、thousand (千)、million (百万)、billion (十亿)。3. It is very crowded, and rubbish is also a problem.
它(阿恩威克城)非常拥挤,而且垃圾也是个问题。
crowded adj. 挤满人/物的,拥挤的
It was two weeks before Christmas and the mall was crowded with shoppers.
离圣诞节还有两个星期,商场里挤满了购物者。crowd
①n. 一群(人); 一堆(东西) [+of]
②v. 聚集涌动
Kemp stepped out to face a crowd of cameras. 肯普走出去面对一大堆摄影机。
Supporters crowded the stadium.
支持者聚集在体育场里。4. The small local school in Parkville closed down five years ago, so Jo now has to go to a school in Arnwick with 2,000 pupils.
帕克维尔当地的小学校在五年前关闭了,所以Jo现在得去阿恩威克的一个有2000名学生的学校上学。
close down 的意思是“(永久性地)停工,关闭”。 例如:The company closed down its overseas office last year.
那家公司去年关闭了其海外办事处。
The local government closed down all the coal mines in this area in the 1980s.
当地政府在20世纪80年代关闭了这个地区的所有煤矿。5. It takes an hour to get there by bus.
乘巴士去那儿需一个小时。
it是形式主语, to get there by bus是真正的主语,take在此处意为“花费”。
常用句型:
It takes sb. some time to do sth.
某人花多长时间做某事。
It took me an hour to do my homework.
我用了一个小时做作业。3. The small local school in Parkville closed down five years ago, so Jo now has to go to a school in Arnwick with 2000 pupils.
帕科威尔当地的小学校在五年前关闭了,所以乔现在得去阿恩威克的一个有2000名学生的学校上学。
close down 的意思是“关闭,(永久性地)停工”。 例如:
The company closed down its overseas office last year.
那家公司去年关闭了其海外的办事处。冠词练习题 1.?Tomorrow?is?_____?Teachers'?Day?and?we'll
make?______?card?for?our?English?teacher.?
2.?The?bus?is?running?about?seventy?miles___
hour.?
3.?Mary?is?interested?in?______?science.?
4.?Some?people?don't?like?to?talk?at?____?table.?
5.?Last?night?I?went?to_____?bed?very?late.?
6.?Don't?worry.?We?still?have?_____?little?time
left.? /aan///a100????????????????
2,000??????????????
30,000?????????????
400,000?????????????
5,000,000????????????60,000,000??????????700,000,000????????
8,000,000,000???????
90,000,000,000????????????????????
100,000,000,000?
236,785,462,503???Can you read them ?hundred?thousand?millionbillionOne hundredTwo thousandThirty thousandFour hundred thouandFive millionSixty millionSeven hundred millionEight billion Ninety billionOne hundred billionTwo hundred million, seven hundred and eghty-five, four hundred and sixty-two, five hundred and threeone?hundred
one?thousand
ten?thousand
one?hundred?thousand
one?million
ten?million
one?hundred?million?????
one?billion
ten?billion
one?hundred?billion
tens/ hundreds/thousands/
millions of
一百????? ????????????????????
?一千 ???????????
?一万 ????????????????????????????????????????????
十万? ?????
一百万???? ??????????????????
一千 万 ????????????????????????
?一亿 ???????
?十亿 ?????????????
?一百亿?? ? ????????????????一千亿
数十/百/千/百万看谁译得快: 单项选择。1.?I?read?____story.?It?is?______interesting?story.?
A.?a,?an?B.?a,?a?C.?the,?the?D.?the,?an?
2.?Britain?is?__?European?country?and?China?is
?___?Asian?country.?
A.?an,?an? B.?a,?a? C.?a,?an? D.?an,?a?
3.?______China?is?_____?old?country?with?_____?
long?history.?
A.?The,?an,?a?B.?The,?a,?a?C.?/,?an,?the?D.?/,?an,?a?AAD4.?_____elephant?is?bigger?than?______?horse.?
A.? /,?/? B. ?an,?a? C. ?An,?a? D.?/,?the?
5.?We?always?have?______rice?for?______lunch.?
A.?/,?/? B.?the,?/? C.?/,?a? D.?the,?the?
6.?It?took?me?______?hour?and?_____?half?to?
finish?______?work.?
A.?a,?a,?a? B.?an,?a,?a?
C.?an,?a,?the? D.?an,?a,?/?BAC7.?____?doctor?told?me?to?take?___medicine?
three?times?_____day,?stay?in?____bed,?then?
I?would?be?better?soon.?
A.?/,?a,?a,?the? B.?A,?the,?the,?/?
C.?The,?the,?a,?/? D.?A,?/,?a,?/?
8.?There?is?____?picture?on?____?wall.?I?like?___
picture?very?much.?
A.?a,?the,?the? B.?a,?the,?a?
C.?the,?a,?a? D.?a,?an,?the?
9.?January?is?______first?month?of?the?year.?
A.?a? B.?/ ?C.?an ?D.?the? CAD10.?Shut?_____door,?please.?
A.?a? B.?an? C.?the? D./?
11.?Einstein?won?_____?Nobel?Prize?in?Physics
?in?1921.?
A.?a? B.?an? C.?the? D.?/?
12.?What?____?fine?day?it?is?today!?Let's?go?to?
the?Summer?Palace.?
A.?a? B.?an? C.?the? D.?/?
CCA13. Our block is the Blue Sky
Building.
A. near from B. far to
C. close to D. far away
14. It takes me a long time _______ the TV play.
A. watch B. watches
C. watching D. to watch15. I don’t think life in the city can be
_____ than that in the country.
A. enjoyed B. enjoyable
C. much enjoyable D. more enjoyable
16. It’s important to _____ our skin(皮肤)____ the harmful effect of the sun.
A. protect, from B. stop, from
C. stop, with D. protect, with 17. We can develop ____ need in space when
someday our earth is no longer nice and clean.
A. as many as rooms B. as much as rooms
C. as much room as D. many as room asⅡ. 翻译词组或短语。solve the problems
all over the world
city centre
some day
make efforts to…解决问题
全世界
市中心
(将来)某一天
努力做…Ⅲ. 根据汉语及关键词汇提示, 完成下列句子。 我觉得 我像家庭中的一员了。(one of …)
___________________________________
2.玲玲花了两个小时做家庭作业。(It takes …to do…)
___________________________________
__________________________________
3. 中国丝绸驰名天下。(all over the world)
___________________________________
___________________________________I feel like one of the family now.It took Lingling two hours to do her homework.The Chinese silk is famous all over the world.Homework 用英语读写下列数字。
a. 367
b. 8 900
c. 5 002
d. 5 563
e. 2 456 000
f. 6 453 781Do you know?格陵兰岛是世界最大的岛屿。在北美洲东北,北冰洋和大西洋之间。面积217.56万平方千米。人口5.4万(1982),主要分布在西部和西南部,因纽特(爱斯基摩)人占多数。 世界第一长河——尼罗河(Nile),非洲主河流之父,位于非洲东北部,是一条国际性的河流。尼罗河发源于赤道南部的东非高原上的布隆迪高地,干流流经布隆迪、卢旺达、坦桑尼亚、乌干达、苏丹和埃及等国,最后注入地中海。干流自卡盖拉(Kagara)河源头至入海口,全长6670km,是世界流程最长的河流。支流还流经肯尼亚、埃塞俄比亚和刚果(金)、厄立特里亚等国的部分地区。流域面积约287万km2,占非洲大陆面积的九分之一以上。入海口处年平均径流量810亿m3。 课件95张PPT。八年级上册9PopulationModuleUnit 3
Language in use
Objectives:To understand and apply
the articles (a/an/the) and big numbersBeijing is a huge city.
It takes an hour to get there by bus.
That’s almost one fifth of the world’s population.
That makes over 131.4 million births a year.Language practice1. 冠词是虚词,本身不能单独使
用,也没有词义,它用在名词
的前面,帮助指明名词的含义。2. 冠词分为不定冠词a/an
和定冠词the两种。Articles 冠词分析:a和an均用于单数可数名词之前,表示一类人或事物中的“任何”一个,相当于汉语中的“一”,但不用于强调数目的概念。 不定冠词的用法 例1:Jack’s father is _____ doctor.
A. a B. an C. some D. / 例2: There is ____ “f” and ____ “u”
in the word “four”.
A. an, a B. a, a
C. an, an D. a, an分析:在名词前使用a或an要取决于该名词的读音。如果首字母的读音是元音因素,应用an;如果首字母的读音是辅音音素,应用a。1. a, e, i, o, u五个元音字母处于词首
时,未必都是元音音素,u 发音
[ju:]或[ju]前面用冠词a, u读[?]时
前面用冠词an。2. 26个字母中以开头为元音音素发音
的字母有:f [ef], h [eit], l [el], n [en],
r [a:], s [es], x [eks] 。
There is an “R” in the word.
This is a European country.
European词首字母不发音, [j]是辅
音音素。
This is a one-eyed dog.
one [w]是辅音音素。 例3:--Why not take ____ friend
with you?
--That’s ____ good idea.
A. a, a B. the, the
C. a, the D. the, a分析:使用不定冠词指某人或某物,但不具体说明是 何人或何物。例4: Take the medicine three times
____ day.
A. a B. the C. an D./分析:使用不定冠词表示单位,fifty miles an hour 意为“每小时50公里”,twice a week 意为“每周两次”。例5: English is _____language. It is
_____ important tool.
A. a, a B. a, an
C. the, an D. a, /分析:a language意为“一种语言”。language是可数名词。例6: ______ steel worker makes steel.
A./ B. A C. This D. That分析:a(an)放于单数的可数名词前表
示“一类”。该句中 a steel worker是指
钢铁工人们。表示一类有三种方式:
A bike is slower than a car.
The bike is slower than the car.
Bikes are slower than cars.例7:Tom has ____ high fever and his
mother is looking after him.
A. a B. the C. an D./分析: 表示生什么病前应用a, have a headache, have a cold。例8:Mary takes ____ walk after supper
every day.
A. the B. a C. / D. one分析: give, take, have与一些动词名
词化的词连用,表示一次动作,名
词前要加a。
have a talk (bath, look); make a living (promise); take a swim (walk, rest)
give a talk (whistle, smile)例9:The old woman had____ fire in her
room.
A. the B. / C. a D. this分析: 抽象名词和物质名词的具体化时,该名词前要加a。
It is a great joy to study at this college.
This kind of wood can make into a good paper.
He made a living by selling newspaper.例1: There is ___bridge over the river.
___ bridge is made of stone.
A. a, A B. a, The
C. the, The D. the, A 分析: 文章中第一次出现的可数名词
前用a(an)。下次再出现此名词则用the。
I have a little bird. The bird is yellow.定冠词的用法例2: ___ old workers under that tree
are from Shanghai.
A. The B. An C. This D. That分析:名词后有表示范围、地点的介词短语限定时, 名词前应加the来表示特指。
The boys here are interested in sports.例3: ____ first one sat down and the
second stood up.
A. The B. A C. One D. An分析: 序数词前表示顺序时前加the。
Mary is the third to come in.例4: Winter is ____ coldest season of the
year.
A. a B. the C./ D. so分析: 形容词最高级前及Only修饰的名词前均要加 the。
Mary is the only girl who is often late for class.例5: ___ moon moves around ___ earth,
and they both are smaller than
____ sun.
A. The, the, the B. A, an, a
C. The, an, the D. The, the, a分析: 定冠词用于表示世界上独一无二的物体名词前。例6: We live in ____ south of China.
A. the B./ C. a D. some 分析: 表示东、南、西、北方的名词前要加the。
The sun rises in the east.例7: ____ browns are watching TV at
home at the moment.
A. / B. The C. Mr. D. A分析: the放于姓氏的复数形式前时,表示一家人或一姓的夫妇二人。例8: He will go to see you off at ___
Railway Station.
A. a B. an C. the D. /分析: the+普通名词构成专有名词。
the United States/the United Nations
the People’s Republic of China例9: I was playing ____ piano at eight
yesterday morning.
A. a B. / C. the D. this分析: play+乐器表示弹奏时,该乐器名
词前加 the。
Alice likes to play the violin while Kate
likes to play the flute.
表示数量时可用a。
This is a new piano against the wall.例10:Our teacher gets up early in ____
morning.
A. the B. / C. a D. an分析: 牢记一些含the的习惯用语,在句中用作时间状语。
in the afternoon (evening)/
in the daytime
at the beginning/in the end例11:There is a large ship in ____middle
of the river.
A. a B. / C. the D. any分析: 牢记一些含the的习惯用语,在句中用作地点状语。
on the right (left) /in the front of
in the middle of the meeting /
the forest / at the foot of the hill例12:Last night we went to ____
cinema.
A. the B. a C. / D. those分析: 牢记一些固定搭配:
go to the concert (theatre)例13: ____ young should care for and
help ____ old.
A. The, a B. The, the
C. A, the D. An, an分析: the+形容词(形容词名词化)
表示一类人或事物。
the poor / the rich / the sick /
the beautiful例14: The small town lies on ____
Yangtzi River.
A. a B. an C. / D. the分析: 定冠词the用在江河、海洋、 山脉、湖泊、群岛名称的前面。
the Dead Sea / the Black Sea
the North China Plain 华北平原例1:Paper is made of ____ bamboo.
A. a B. the C. / D. that分析: 物质名词和抽象名词前一般不加冠词。
Wood can be made into chairs and tables.
Iron is a kind of metal.零冠词的用法 例2: ____ January is the first month
of the year.
A. The B. A C. / D. That分析: 表示节日、月份的名词前一般
不加the。Spring is coming.
He was born in December.
如果表示有某年限定的季节和月份时,季节和月份前要加the。
He was born in the Summer of 1964.例3: We have no classes ____ Sundays.
A. the B. these C. / D. those分析: 表示一周中七日的名称前一般不加冠词。例4: I studies ___English in___ England.
A. /, / B. an, the
C. an, an D. /, the分析: 学科前和国名、洲名前一般不加
冠词。
learn Chinese (maths, physics, chemistry)
China is in Asia.
in Germany (Japan)
in Africa (Europe …)例5: They often take a walk in ____
Hyde Park.
A. the B. a C. / D. this分析: 在一些专有名词(地名、节假日)之前不加冠词。
Christmas Day New year’s Eve
National Day Children’s Day
Teachers’ Day Wall Street例6:The thief was thrown into ___ prison.
A. the B. a C. this D. /分析: 表示某一概念,而不是某具体工作的部门时,名词前不加冠词。例7: He doesn’t have ____ breakfast at
home.
A. a B. the C. this D. /分析: 表示三餐的名词前不加冠词,如果前面有形容词修饰该词,表示
“一顿……的饭”,可加a。
have a big supper (nice lunch)例8:We go to work by __ bus.
A. / B. a C. the D. one分析: 表示交通工具的手段时,用by+名词表示,该名词前不用冠词。by bike (taxi, car, train, plane, spaceship)或by sea (water, air, land)
如果用介词in或on,名词前要加冠词或物主代词。例9: ____ running is good.
A. The B. A C. / D. An 分析: 动名词前一般不用冠词。
Walking on the moon is difficult.
Seeing is believing.例10:These boys play ____ football
after class.
A. a B. the C. that D. /分析: 球类、棋类、游戏名称前不加冠词。例11:The students of ____ Grade One are
having a meeting.
A. these B. / C. a D. an分析: 名词+数词表示顺序时,前面不加冠词the;序数词+名词表示顺序数,序数词前加冠词the。
turn to page 3 / the third page
Lesson One / the first lesson
gate Five / the fifth Gate例12:There is no ____ book on the
desk.
A. the B. a C. an D. /分析: 名词前有物主代词、指示代词、不定代词、名词所有格或any和no时,均不再用冠词。如:
no books, not a book, not any books例13:He often works late at ____ night.
A. / B. the C. a D. all分析: 表示时间或地点的一些介词+名词的词组和一些固定词组中,均不加冠词。
at home, in town, at noon, at daybreak, in trouble, in danger, in fact等。注意:
有些名词前用冠词或不用冠词,其意义有所不同。如:
1) at table 在吃饭
at the table 在桌子旁
2) in class 在上课
in the class 在班级中3) go to school 去上学
go to the school 到那所学校去
4) go to bed 上床睡觉
go to the bed 到床那边去
5) in front of 在…的前面
in the front of 在…的前部1. 表示一类人或事物中的“任何”
一个,相当于汉语中“一”,
但不用于强调数目的概念。
2. 指某人或某物,但不具体说明
是何人或何物。
3. 表示单位。
4. 表示“一类”。不定冠词的用法Summary1. 文章中第一次出现的可数名词前
用a /an。下次再出现此名词时。
2. 名词后有表示范围、地点的介词
短语限定时。
3. 序数词前表示顺序时。
4. 形容词最高级前及only修饰的名词
前。
5. 定冠词用于表示世界上独一无二的
物体名词前。定冠词的用法6. 表示东、南、西、北方的名词前
7. 姓氏的复数形式前时,表示一家人
或一姓的夫妇二人。
8. the+普通名词构成专有名词。
9. play+乐器表示弹奏时,该乐器名
词前加 the。
10. the+形容词(形容词名词化)
表示一类人或事物。
11. 定冠词the用在江河、海洋、山脉、
湖泊、群岛名称的前面。1. 物质名词和抽象名词前一般不加冠词。
2. 表示节日、月份的名词前一般不加the。
3. 表示一周中七日的名称前一般不加冠词。
4. 学科前和国名、洲名前一般不加冠词。
5. 在一些专有名词(地名、节假日)
之前不加冠词。
6. 表示某一概念,而不是某具体工作的
部门时,名词前不加冠词。
7. 表示三餐的名词前不加冠词。零冠词的用法8. 表示交通工具的手段时,用by+名词表
示,该名词前不用冠词。
9. 动名词前一般不用冠词。
10. 球类、棋类、游戏名称前不加冠词。
11.名词前有物主代词、指示代词、不定代
词、名词所有格或any和 no时,均不再
用冠词。
12.表示时间或地点的一些介词+名词的词
组和一些固定词组中,均不加冠词。
13.家庭成员的称呼、称呼语或只一人担任
的职务名词前不用冠词。
英语分数的表示法:
用“基数词+序数词”表示,其中基数词表示分子,序数词表示分母。分子除用one外,也可用a;如果分子大于1,分母要用复数形式。
Two thirds of the students have passed the exam.?三分之二的学生考试及格了。注意:1/2不能说a(one)second,而要说a(one)half。
1/4和3/4可以说a(one)fourth和three fourths,但常用a quarter和three quarters表示。
若它们在句子中作主语,则谓语动词是用单数还是复数取决于名词,即与分数所修饰的名词保持一致。
About two thirds of the students attend the meeting.
大约2/3的学生都参加了会议。 在英语中,对于万以上的数字,我们改如何表达呢?这就要记住英语数字读法特点。以下面一个数字为例:6,500,431,729hundredthousandmillionbillion注意每三个数为一个单位,按照百、
十、个向下读。大数字的表达方法6,500,431,729seven hundred and twenty-nine thousandmillionbillionsix
billion,five hundred million,four hundred and thirty-one thousand,hundred 1. Work in pairs. Match the countries with their
populations. 1 China a) 4,437,000
2 the USA b) 22,956,000
3 Australia c) 314,791,000
4 New Zealand d) 1,370,537,000When you see a table or a chart, look carefully at the labels and graphs to make sure that you understand what they are showing. Look at the chart below. What is it comparing? What can you conclude?Learning to learn2. Read your answers to Activity 1 to the whole
class.China has a population of…Now listen and check.3. Read the chart and answer the questions.1 Which city had the largest population in 2000?
2 Which city’s population will increase the most
from 2000 to 2025?
Tokyo had the largest population in 2000.Mumbai's population will increase the most
from 2000 to 2025. 3 Which city will have a larger increase in its
population, New York or Mexico City?
4 Which city / cities do you think will have the biggest population problem? Why?Mexico city.I think Mumbai will have the biggest population
problem because its population will increase
the fastest.4 Complete the passage with a, an or the
where necessary. Mina is (1) ____eighteen-year-old girl. She has
got (2) ____brother and (3) _____sister. Mina is
(4) ___ oldest child in (5) ____ family. She lives
in (6)____very big city. She has (7) ______job in
(8) _____hotel. She hopes that one day she will
have (9)_____chance to go to (10) _____college.aanathetheaaaa/5 Complete the sentences with the correct
form of the words in the box. few good much small1 We believe the schools in Arnwick are very
good, and we are working to make them
even_______ .
2 Their flat is too large for two people. They
want to find a _______one.
3 Anna always talks about her ideas. I think she
needs to listen _______.
4 There are a lot of parks in this city. I think
there are _______parks in a lot of other cities.bettersmallermorefewer6 Complete the diagram showing population problems. Use the words in the box to help you.air city country hospital increase public service traffic waterProblems of ArnwickProblems: Population___________People arrive in _________the cityincreasesPeople move from_______the countrysideEnvironmental problems
Example:_____________
_____________
______________
______________Health problems
Example:
_______________
_______________Problems for the government
Examples:
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________①air pollution
water pollution
too much traffic
rubbish③②not enough
hospitalsneed more schools and buses
need better public services
need more police to protect people7 Complete the passage with the words in the box. countryside pollution population
space trafficOur world is facing many problems. Two of the biggest are increasing population and pollution.
The (1) _____________of the world is increasing quickly. Why is this happening? Because more babies are born every year and populationpeople also live longer. Many people are leaving the(2) _________ to work in the cities, but there is not enough (3) __________for
so many people.
Another huge problem for the world is
(4)__________. There is so much (5) ________
on the roads that in some cities the air is heavily polluted. We must work harder to protect our world.countrysidespacepollutiontrafficall over the world closed down in the future
it takes not… any more 8 Complete the sentences with the expressions
in the box.1 Growing population is a problem___________
_____________.
2 The population of China may grow more
slowly .
3 The supermarket when a
bigger one opened in the town.
all overthe worldin the futureclosed down4 Usually an hour to get there by bus.
5 The town had a lot of population in the past
but it is a problem .it takesnot any more9 Listen and choose the best summary.It is cheaper to share a car than to have a
personal car.
b) People in a car club do not often take buses, trains or the underground.
c) There are no car clubs in the US.
d) Joining car clubs is good for you and for the city.
√10 Listen again and choose the correct answer.1 Joining a car club is cheaper / more expensive
than having a personal car.
2 People in car clubs pay for / do not pay for a
car when they drive.
3 People in car clubs sometimes / never take a
bus or ride a bike.
4 People in car clubs probably are / are not
healthier.11 Work in pairs and discuss this question.Do you think car clubs would be popular in China? Why / Why not?In my opinion, car clubs…Around the world World population and water
With more and more people in the world, more and more water is used. In fact, water use is growing more than twice as fast as the world’s population! As a result, getting good, clean water is becoming a problem in many places. A lot of water is polluted and in many areas people have to walk a long way to get clean for daily use. More than 3.4 million people die each year from drinking and washing with polluted water. So let’s do everything we can to stop the pollution and save water.12 Work in groups. Prepare to make your graph.
Choose a country or town which interests you.
It could be your hometown.
Decide the time you want to look at— for
example, now, ten years ago and ten years
from now.
Research the population of your place in those
years. Write your notes carefully.Module task: making a graph13 Make your graph.Decide how you want to make your graph.
Draw it and colour it. You can also make it
on the computer.
Label it clearly.
14 Write a paragraph to describe your graph.
Then Present your graph to the class.Pair workBeijing is a huge city.
北京是一个大都市。
huge 在这里表示“大,巨大”。另外表示“大”
的还有“ big, tall, vast, large, great” 等。
⑴说人、动物、树木等有生命的东西,主要
用tall不用high?
例如 a tall woman 一个高个子妇女
a tall horse 一个高大的马 Language points⑵说一个不与地面接触的人和物的高时,要用
high,而不用tall。比如人站在桌子上时,
飞机飞上天时。例如
He is high up in the tree.
他高高地爬在树上。
The plane is so high in the sky.
飞机在空中这么高。⑶ 指建筑物、山时要tall或high都可以,不过
high的程度比tall高。
⑷ high可作副词,tall不能。
⑸ tall的反义词为short, high的反义词为low。e.g. Our factory is a big/large one.
我们的工厂很大。
(1)在表示物体重量、人的身高大或长大了时,
只能用big。
e.g. The box is too big to carry.
这个盒子太大,拿不了。
(2)在表示数量时,用large, 不用big。
e.g. A large number of people came from all
parts of the country to see the exhibition.
从全国各地来了很多人观看展览。big 和large都可表示具体事物形体或面积的大小, 往往可以互换?但big较口语化。E.g. There have been many great presidents in American history.
美国历史上有很多伟大的总统。
在表示抽象意思时, 有也可用big, 但great更为正式。
e.g. Great/Big changes have taken place in our country in recent years.
近几年来?我们国家发生了很大变化。great 的意思是“大、伟大的”?多用于抽象意思。
在修饰具体事物时?带有一定的感彩。vast常用来指“广袤无垠的”、“面积广阔的”。
e.g. a vast forest, a vast sea, a vast desert,
vast darkness等。
huge指巨大的?往往指体积。
e.g. a huge stone, a huge building等。 Exercises 用a, an, /, the 完成下列句子。1. ____ Knowledge is power.
2. I earn 10 dollars _____ hour as _____ supermarket cashier on Saturdays.
3. The teacher asked us to write _____ 800-word-long composition.
4. I met _______ Jay, but not ____ one you know./an aan a the
5. They are twins, so they are of _____ age.
6. He has _____ fine collection of paintings.
7. I don’t want to have words with you. I prefer to have ____ word with you.
a a a Have words with sb. 与某人吵架
Have a word with sb. 与某人谈话 1. Beijing has got population of more than
13.8 million.
A. the B. a C. an D./
2. The _____ traffic stopped me from going to
school on time yesterday. I was late!
A. heavy B. crowded C. fast D. quick选择题BA3. Mrs. White isn’t feeling well these days. She
has made _____ with the doctor at three this
afternoon.
A. a movement B. an interview
C. a quarrel D. an appointment
4. I don’t like those big cities which have
got ____ people and ____ traffic.
A. too much; too many B. many too; too much
C. too many; too much D. too many; much too DC
5. ____ Tim’s help, I found my pet dog in the end. I should say thanks to him.
A. Along with B. Without
C. Thanks to D. Because CII. 用英语“读”出下列数字。
如:485 → four hundred and eighty-five
1. 846 →
2. 4,517 →
3. 59,248 →
4. 8,326,000 →
5. 9,368,600,000→ eight hundred and forty-six four thousand, five hundred and
seventeen fifty-nine thousand, two hundred and
forty-eight eight million, three hundred and
twenty-six thousand nine billion, three hundred and sixty-eight million, six hundred thousandHomework Make a graph and share with your classmates.
Recite all the words and phrases of this unit.婴儿潮(baby boom),指的是在某一时期及特定地区,出生率大幅度提升的现象。历史上有记载的几次婴儿潮,通常是起因於有振奋人心的因素,像是农作物丰收、打赢战争及赢得体育竞赛等。但也有因为迷信的因素。在英文,形容婴儿潮时期出生的人为 baby boomer。 婴儿潮(baby boom)这个词的首次出现,主要是指美国第二次世界大战后的“4664”现象--从1946年至1964年,这18年间婴儿潮人口高达7800万人。在世界上大多数国家均有此现象。在日本,称呼此时期出生的人为“团块世代”団块の世代 。新中国成立后共出现过三次婴儿潮,值得注意的是:目前人口众多的“80后”一代也已长大,陆续成家立业。在21世纪的前15年,中国将迎来新一轮的“婴儿潮”。以此类推,每次“婴儿潮”平均都会有20-30年的周期。 撒哈拉沙漠(英文名为:Sahara Desert)世界上阳光最多的地方,也是世界上最大和自然条件最为严酷的沙漠。
撒哈拉沙漠是世界最大的沙漠,几乎占满非洲北部全部。东西约长4,800公里(3,000哩),南北在1,300~1,900公里(800~1,200哩)之间,总面积约8,600,000平方公里(3,320,000平方哩)。撒哈拉沙漠西濒大西洋,北临阿特拉斯山脉和地中海,东为红海,南为萨赫勒一个半沙漠乾草原的过渡区。
撒哈拉沙漠是世界上除南极洲之外最大的荒漠,位于非洲北部,气候条件极其恶劣,是地球上最不适合生物生长的地方之一。阿拉伯语撒哈拉意即“大荒漠”。 1.世界最寒冷之极 南极洲的年平均气温在-28℃,大陆内部的年平均气温在-40~-60℃,
最低气温达-89.6℃
2.暴风雪最强之地 南极沿海地区的年平均风速为17~18米/秒,阵风可达40~50米/秒。最大风
速达到100米/秒,被喻为“世界的风极”,“风暴杀手”。
3.最干旱的大陆 南极大陆的年平均降水量为55毫米,随着大陆纬度的增加降水量明显减少,大陆
中部地区的年降水量仅有5毫米。在南极点附近,年降水量近于零,比非洲撒哈
拉大沙漠的降水量还稀少。所以,南极是世界上最干旱的地区。其主要原因是固
态的冰雪降落在大陆后形成巨大的冰盖,加之极端寒冷的气候和极少的日照量,
冰盖的累积量还略大于消融量,形成干燥的“白色沙漠”。
4.最荒凉孤寂的大陆 南极大陆是世界上至今唯一没有常住居民的大陆。只有一些南极考察国家的科学考察人员短期的在南极工作,每年约2000人左右。