UNIT 3 DIVERSE CULTURES Part 1 课件 新人教版必修三
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| 名称 | UNIT 3 DIVERSE CULTURES Part 1 课件 新人教版必修三 |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2025-02-17 09:34:17 | ||
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UNIT 3 DIVERSE CULTURES
头脑风暴·思维发散
The beauty of the world comes from the diversity of people,which is mainly reflected in the differences in language,nationality,race,religion,
cultural tradition and other aspects,thus leading to the diversity of human society.Different history and national conditions,as well as different ethnic groups and customs,have given birth to different civilisations and made up a colourful world.
Part 1
Listening and Speaking—
Discovering Useful Structures
自主预习·课前清障
基础识记
阅读单词
1.gumbo n.
2.nachos n.[pl.]
3.chip n.
4.cheese n.
5.spicy adj.
秋葵汤(用秋葵荚做的浓鸡汤或海鲜汤)
墨西哥玉米片
(英)炸土豆条;(美)炸薯片;芯片;碎片
干酪;奶酪
加有香料的;辛辣的
6.ethnic adj.
7.district n.
8.graffiti n.[pl.]
9.comic n.
adj.
10.china n.
具有民族特色的;异国风味的;民族的;种族的
地区;区域
涂鸦;胡写乱画
连环画杂志;漫画杂志;喜剧演员
滑稽的;使人发笑的
瓷;瓷器
11.jazz n.
12.bar n.
13.diagram n.
14.journal n.
15.Atlantic adj.
16.jeans n.
17.boot n.
18.mushroom n.
爵士乐
酒吧;小吃店;小馆子
简图;图解;图表;示意图
日志;日记;报纸;刊物
大西洋的
牛仔裤
靴子
蘑菇;蕈
核心单词
1. adv.在市中心;往市中心
2. n.传教(区);重要任务;使命
3. adv.以后;后来
4. vt.& vi.寻找;寻求;争取;(向人)请求
5. vt.& n.夺取(生命);宣称;断言
6. n.一系列;连续;接连
downtown
mission
afterwards
seek
claim
series
7. vi.& vt.逃走;逃脱;避开
n.逃跑;逃脱;解脱
8. vt.包;裹;折叠
vt.& vi.(可)折小;(可)叠平
9. adv.特别;格外
adj.顶好的;超级的
escape
fold
super
运用词汇
1.diverse adj.不同的;多种多样的→ n.差异(性);不同(点);多样性
2.fortune n.机会;运气;大笔的钱;命运→ adj.幸运的→
adv.幸运地→ n.厄运;不幸;不幸事件→
adj.不幸的→ adv.不幸地
3.admit vi.& vt.承认 vt.准许进入(或加入);接纳→ n.承认;准许进入;入场费
diversity
fortunate
fortunately
misfortune
unfortunate
unfortunately
admission
4.definitely adv.肯定;确实→ adj.清楚的;肯定的→
n.定义;解释→ adj.模糊不清的;不明确的
5.occur vi.发生;出现→ n.发生;出现;发生的事情
6.historical adj.(有关)历史的→ n.历史;发展史→
adj.历史上著名(或重要)的;有史时期的
7.earn vt.& vi.挣得;赚得;赢得;博得→ n.[pl.]收益;收入;工资
8.immigrant n.(外来)移民;外侨→ vi.(从外地)移居,移民→ n.移民(入境);移民人数
definite
definition
indefinite
occurrence
history
historic
earnings
immigrate
immigration
9.select vt.选择;挑选;选拔→ n.选择;挑选;选拔→
adj.选择性的;有选择的
10.minority n.少数民族;少数派;少数人→ adj.较小的;次要的
11.financial adj.财政的;财务的;金融的→ n.财政;金融;资金→ adv.财政上;金融上
12.poetry n.诗集;诗歌;诗作→ n.诗→ n.诗人
13.poisonous adj.引起中毒的;有毒的;分泌毒素的→ n.毒物;毒药;毒素 vt.毒死;毒害
selection
selective
minor
finance
financially
poem
poet
poison
重点词块及句型
重点词块
1. 在……的顶部/上方
2. 过去常常做某事
3. (朝……)前进;(向……)去
4. 寻找成功致富之路;闯世界
5. 谋生
on top of...
used to do sth
head to
seek one’s fortune
earn a living
6. 把……和……连接起来
7. 导致;引起
8. 一系列或一连串(事件)
9. 除了……外(还);此外
10. ……的发源地;是……的家园
join...to...
bring about
series of
apart from
be home to
重点句型
1.我不得不承认,再次回到城里的感觉实在是太棒了。
I have to admit that in the city again.
2.这里有众多美丽的古建筑——不少坐落于大山之巅,城市、大海和金门大桥的美景尽收眼底。
There are so many beautiful old buildings—
, ,the ocean,and the Golden Gate Bridge.
it definitely feels good to be back
many sitting on top of
big hills
offering great views of the city
3.同年,圣弗朗西斯科附近发现黄金,引发了淘金热。
In the same year,gold was discovered near San Francisco,
.
4.这里有很多不错的咖啡馆和餐馆可供选择。
so many good cafés and restaurants .
which started a gold rush
There were
to choose from
学习理解·语篇解构
语篇导读·先行把握
1.主题语境: 人与社会——了解一个具有多元文化特点的城市
2.语篇类型:旅行日记
3.课文内容分析:在日记中,中国学生Li Lan记录了自己的加利福尼亚州之行,并主要介绍了在圣弗朗西斯科一天的行程和所见所闻——从最初对圣弗朗西斯科的城市建筑产生兴趣到逐渐体会到多元文化对这个城市方方面面的影响。阅读本文,有利于加深学生对文化异同的理解和尊重,形成开放、包容的性格,并鼓励他们积极促进多元文化的和谐发展。
多维解读·深度剖析
答案:1.centre
2.Mexican-Chinese
3.mix
4.Museum
5.Chinatown
6.served
7.jazz
精研细读·深层理解
( )1.What can we infer from the passage about the author
A.She likes the mix of cultures in San Francisco.
B.She doesn’t like the food in the Mission District.
C.She is a native to San Francisco.
D.She doesn’t know much about California.
A
( )2.Why did many people come to San Francisco in 1848
A.Because there was an art movement.
B.Because gold was discovered near the city.
C.Because they wanted to build a new home there.
D.Because the city was beautiful.
B
( )3.Which of the following is TRUE about Chinatown
A.It is a poor area of the city.
B.It is a centre for art,music,and food.
C.Many immigrants worked on farms there.
D.People can eat different kinds of food there.
D
( )4.Where did the author stay in San Francisco
A.In a hotel in the Richmond District.
B.In a hotel near downtown.
C.In a poor area of the city.
D.In a museum in Chinatown.
B
( )5.What is the purpose of the text
A.To share an interesting experience.
B.To introduce San Francisco with diverse cultures.
C.To show the hardships of the immigrants.
D.To attract readers to visit San Francisco.
B
核心知识·深入探究
重点词汇
1.I have to admit that it definitely feels good to be back in the city again.
我不得不承认,再次回到城里的感觉实在是太棒了。
★admit vi.& vt.承认
vt.准许进入(或加入);接纳
admission n.承认;准许进入;入场费
(2022·全国乙卷)Children under 12 years accompanied by an adult are admitted free.
12岁以下的孩子由一个成人陪同可以免门票入场。
The waiter admitted me into the hotel.
服务员让我进入宾馆。
He admitted his mistake and corrected it before it was too late.
他承认了自己的错误并且及时改正了。
[备用例句]
You will not be admitted to the theatre after the performance has started.
演出开始后不许进入剧场。
归纳拓展
·admit doing/having done sth 承认做过某事
admit sb/sth to be/as...承认某人/某物是……
admit (to sb) that...(向某人)承认……
admit...to/into...允许……加入/进入……
be admitted to/into...被接纳进入……;被录取到……
be admitted as...被承认为……;被接纳为……
·gain admission to...获准进入……
语境运用
(1)句子语法填空
①Only athletes who have reached the agreed standard for their event will be admitted competitors.
②He was sad that he failed to gain (admit) to the university of his choice.
③On Sunday I got word that Tom (admit) to hospital for a serious disease.
as
admission
was admitted
(2)完成句子
④得知你被理想的大学录取了,我迫不及待地要向你表示祝贺。(应用文写作·祝贺信)
Learning that your ideal university,I can’t wait to express my congratulations to you.
⑤她走向汤姆,向他道歉,并承认不小心把蛋糕掉在了地板上,给他造成了巨大的麻烦。(读后续写·语言描写)
She approached Tom,apologised to him and
the cake on the floor by mistake,causing great trouble to him.
you are admitted to/into
admitted dropping/having
dropped或admitted that she had dropped
2.And what a city—a city that was able to rebuild itself after the earthquake that occurred in 1906.
多么神奇的一座城市啊——一座1906年大地震后重建的城市。
★occur vi.发生;出现
occurrence n.发生;出现;发生的事情
A good idea occurred to me all at once.
突然间我想到一个好主意。
It occurred to me that it had been too long since I heard from Jack.
我突然想到我已经很久没有收到杰克的消息了。
归纳拓展
sth occurs to sb (想法等)浮现在某人的脑海中;某人突然想起某事
It occurs to sb to do sth 某人突然想到做某事
It occurs to sb that...某人突然想到…… (It作形式主语,真正的主语是that引导的从句,且that不能省略)
温馨提示
①occur的过去式和过去分词均为occurred,现在分词为occurring。
②occur没有被动语态,不用于进行时。occur作谓语时,主语不能是人。
③表示“某人突然想到……”的句型如下所示。
It strikes/struck sb+that从句;
It hits/hit sb+that从句;
sth strike(s) sb;
sth come(s) to sb;
sb hit(s) on/upon sth
语境运用
(1)句子语法填空
①A perfect idea occurred us that we could give a hand-made gift to our teacher for the coming Teachers’ Day.
②It occurred to him (phone) the police for help.
③What he describes is more a made-up story than a real
(occur).
to
to phone
occurrence
(2)完成句子
④那天晚上一场可怕的暴风雨来袭,狂风怒吼,大雨倾盆而下。(读后续写·天气描写)
That night , with the wild wind howling and the rain pouring down.
⑤我突然想到第二天早上要参加一个重要的讲座。很抱歉不能跟你一起去书店了。(应用文写作·道歉信)
I had an important lecture to attend the next morning.I was so sorry for not being able to go to the bookstore with you.
a terrible storm occurred
It occurred to me that
3.Over 300,000 people came from all over the world to seek their fortune,...
世界各地30多万人蜂拥而至,在这里谋出路,……
★seek vt.& vi. 寻找;寻求;争取;(向人)请求
(2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷)Seeking and accepting constructive feedback (反馈) is crucial to growth.
寻求并接受有建设性的反馈对于成长非常重要。
Last week,a group of international students visited our school to seek after our tea drinking culture.
上周,一群国际学生为了追寻我们的饮茶文化而参观了我们学校。
We are always seeking to improve working conditions.
我们一直在设法改善工作条件。
归纳拓展
seek for/after 寻找;追求
seek to do sth 试图/设法做某事
seek sth from sb 向某人征求/寻求某物
seek one’s fortune 寻找成功致富之路;闯世界
语境运用
(1)句子语法填空
①The shopkeeper is trying to seek a better way to win his customers back,perhaps with a discount.
②Scientists have been seeking (solve) the mystery of people’s “sixth sense”.
for
to solve
(2)完成句子
③我们朝喊大叫,并敲打玻璃瓶,试图把熊吓跑。(读后续写·动作描写)
We yelled at the bear and hit glass bottles,
.
④了解到您是这方面的专家,我写信向您寻求关于如何与朋友友好相处的建议。(应用文写作·求助信)
Knowing that you are an expert in the field,I am writing to
on how to get along well with friends.
seeking to frighten the
bear away
your advice/seek advice from you
seek
★fortune n.机会;运气;大笔的钱;命运
fortunate adj.幸运的
unfortunate adj.不幸的
fortunately adv.幸运地
unfortunately adv.不幸地
misfortune n.厄运;不幸;不幸事件
I had the good fortune to be chosen for studying abroad.
我有幸被选中出国留学。
Determined never to come back before he could make a big fortune,Mike left home without saying a word.
迈克决心在赚大钱之前决不回来,于是一句话也没说就离开了家。
My cousin was fortunate to find a job as soon as she graduated from the university.
我表姐很幸运,大学一毕业就找到了工作。
归纳拓展
make a/one’s fortune 发财
seek/try one’s fortune 找出路;碰运气
have the good fortune to do sth=be fortunate to do/in doing sth 有幸做某事
温馨提示
fortune作“机会;运气”讲时,为不可数名词;作“时运;命运”讲时,为可数名词。
语境运用
(1)句子语法填空
①It was (fortunate) that he couldn’t speak English.
Bad luck!
②I have been (fortune) enough to visit many parts of the world as a lecturer.
③ (fortunate),just as she was about to give up,a kind stranger offered her a helping hand.
unfortunate
fortunate
Fortunately
(2)完成句子
④能有机会参加这个项目,我感到非常幸运。(应用文写作·感谢信)
I the opportunity to participate in this programme.
feel extremely fortunate to have had
语境串词
He decided to try his fortune downtown to see if he could make a fortune. Fortunately,he was fortunate to get the help of the mayor and successfully started his own business.
他决定到市中心碰碰运气,看看能否发财。幸运的是,他有幸得到了市长的帮助,并成功创办了自己的企业。
4.To earn a living,some opened up shops and restaurants in Chinatown.
为了谋生,有些人在中国城开商店、开餐馆。
◆earn vt.& vi. 挣得;赚得;赢得;博得
earnings n.[pl.]收益;收入;工资
The admiration and respect his uncle earned inspired Nielsen to make a career in acting.
尼尔森的叔叔赢得的钦佩和尊敬激励尼尔森走上了演艺之路。
Your efforts will earn you a good reputation.
你的努力将会为你赢得赞誉。
He turned to writing to earn a living.
他开始以写作谋生。
归纳拓展
earn a/one’s living相当于make a/one’s living谋生
earn money相当于make money挣钱
earn one’s respect赢得某人的尊重(敬)
earn sb sth使某人赚得/获得某物
earn sth by (doing) sth通过(做)某事获得某物
语境运用
(1)句子语法填空
①He earns living by writing novels.
②My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot selling fish.
a
by
(2)完成句子
③她帮助他人克服困难的勇气和愿望为她赢得了全世界人民的尊重和爱戴。(应用文写作·人物介绍)
Her courage and desire to help others overcome their problems
of people all over the world.
④于是他儿子说:“亲爱的爸爸,您的处境太困难了,我也是您的负担。这样倒不如让我出去闯一闯,挣口饭吃。”(读后续写·语言描写)
So his son said,“Dear Dad,you have fallen on very hard times and I’m a burden to you; it will be better if I go away and .”
earned
her the respect and love
try to earn a/my living
语境串词
His rich working experience earned him a good chance in the big company three years ago,and now he not only earns his living by working here but also has earned/earns a reputation in the field of his work.Besides,his earnings are rising year by year.
三年前,他丰富的工作经验为他在这家大公司赢得了一个很好的机会,现在他不仅在这里谋生而且也在他工作的领域赢得了声誉。此外,他的收入还在逐年增长。
5.I selected a Cantonese restaurant that served its food on beautiful china plates.
我挑了一家粤菜馆,他们端出来的菜肴是放在精美的瓷盘子上的。
◆select vt.选择;挑选;选拔
selection n.选择;挑选;选拔
selective adj.选择性的;有选择的
Mr Zhou was selected as the Best Teacher of the Year.
周老师被评选为年度优秀教师。
The manager of the company selected Jack to make a speech at the meeting.
公司的经理选杰克在会上发言。
归纳拓展
select ...as/to be...评选/挑选……作为……
select sb to do sth 挑选某人做某事
select ...for...为……挑选……
select ...from...从……中挑选……
温馨提示
select强调精心“挑选”;elect指“选举;推选”;pick常强调挑剔和苛刻地“挑选”;choose 指一般意义的“选择”。
语境运用
(1)句子语法填空
①She behaved so well that she was selected (represent) the company at the conference.
②He made a careful (select) before making a purchase.
③You can select your favourite dish the menu.
to represent
selection
from
(2)完成句子
④事实上,他是如此负责任和热心,所以我们选他当班长。(应用文写作·人物介绍)
In fact,he was so responsible and warm-hearted that
.
⑤走了很长一段路,我们到达了山顶,选了一个好地方扎营。(读后续写·动作描写)
After a long walk,we arrived at the top of the mountain and
.
we selected
him as/to be our monitor
selected a good place for our camp
6.What do you think brought about the cultural diversity
你认为是什么导致了文化的多样性
★bring about 导致;引起
Thinking in a positive,self-encouraging way brings about many benefits to one’s physical and mental health.
以积极、自我鼓励的方式思考会给一个人的身心健康带来很多好处。
The kindness of strangers has done much to bring back my faith in humanity.
陌生人的善举使我恢复了对人性的信心。
Pressure can bring out the worst in people.
压力会激发出人最坏的一面。
归纳拓展
bring up 养育;抚养;提出;呕吐
bring in 引进;获利;赚得
bring out 使表现出;显现;出版;阐明
bring back 把……带回;使想起;使恢复
bring down 减少;降低;使倒下
温馨提示
除bring about外,常见的表示“导致;引起”的词语还有cause、result in、lead to、contribute to等。
语境运用
用带有bring的短语完成下列句子
①The supermarket the prices of daily goods to promote its sales volume.
②The Internet is a technological wonder,
far-reaching changes in all aspects of our lives.
③The photos lots of good memories.
④ by his uncle,he has made up his mind to do something in return for him.
brought down
bringing about
bring back
Brought up
7.Over 3,000 lives were claimed in the 1906 San Francisco earthquake and the series of fires that occurred after it.
在1906年的旧金山(圣弗朗西斯科)大地震中有3 000多人被夺去生命,并且震后还发生了一系列的火灾。
★claim vt.& n.夺取(生命);宣称;断言;要求(拥有);索取
It was claimed that a series of strange things happened here.
据说这里发生了一连串奇怪的事。
She always claims to know the best.
她总是声称自己最了解情况。
Experts claim to have found the world’s oldest fossils.
专家声称找到了世界上最古老的化石。
归纳拓展
·It is claimed that...据说……
claim that/to do... 声称……
claim to have done sth 声称做过某事
claim oneself to be 某人自称是……
claim sth back 索回;要回
·make/have a claim 索赔
语境运用
(1)一词多义:写出下列句中claim的汉语释义
①I don’t claim to be an expert.
②The car crash claimed three lives.
③She has denied the magazine’s claim that she is leaving the team.
宣称
夺取(生命)
断言
(2)完成句子
④雷突然改变了主意,声称他在昨天的比赛中没有做错任何事,这让我们大吃一惊。(读后续写·语言描写)
Ray suddenly changed his mind,
anything wrong in yesterday’s competition,which surprised us.
claiming that he had not done
8.After visiting the southern part of Yunnan,I have to admit that it is the best region of China to escape the cold winter.
在参观了云南南部之后,我不得不承认它是中国最适合躲避寒冬的地区。
★escape vi.& vt.逃走;逃脱;避开
n.逃跑;逃脱;解脱;消遣
escaped adj.逃跑了的
(2023·浙江1月卷)It was a hummingbird,desperately trying to escape.
它是一只蜂鸟,正在拼命地试图逃脱。
Not many people survive such a narrow escape from death.
死里逃生的人并不多。
Fortunately,he escaped being killed in the car accident.
很幸运,他没在车祸中丧命。
归纳拓展
·escape from/out of ...从……逃脱;逃离
escape into ...逃进……
escape doing/being done sth 逃避(被)做某事
escape one’s attention/notice 逃过某人的注意
·a narrow escape 九死一生
温馨提示
escape作“被……遗忘;没有被……注意到”讲时,用sth escape(s) sb结构表示,而不是用sb escape(s) sth结构。
语境运用
(1)一词多义:写出下列句中escape的汉语释义
①No detail was too small to escape her attention.
②They were glad to escape the cold winter for another year.
③For her,travelling was an escape from her everyday life.
逃脱
避开
解脱;消遣
(2)完成句子
④泪水从他的眼睛里流出,顺着脸颊流下。(读后续写·细节描写)
Tears and rolled down his cheeks.
escaped from his eyes
重点句式
1.I have to admit that it definitely feels good to be back in the city again.
我不得不承认,再次回到城里的感觉实在是太棒了。
◆it作形式主语
本句中,that引导宾语从句,在从句中it作形式主语,真正的主语是后面的动词不定式to be back in the city again。常用于这个结构的形容词有easy、difficult、hard、important、possible等。
It’s necessary for the young to master two foreign languages.
对年轻人来说,掌握两门外语是必要的。
[备用例句]
①It’s a pity that you missed the exciting football match.
真遗憾,你错过了那场激动人心的足球赛。
②It is said that eating more eggs may strengthen one’s immunity.
据说多吃鸡蛋能增强人的免疫力。
归纳拓展
语境运用
(1)句子语法填空
①It is no good (spend) too much time on computer games.
② is said that the tickets have been sold out.
③It is up to you (decide) on your future career.
spending
It
to decide
(2)翻译句子
④天黑之前赶到那里很困难。
⑤保护环境是每个人的责任。
It is difficult to get there before dark.
It is everyone’s duty to protect the environment.
2.There were so many good cafés and restaurants to choose from.
这里有很多不错的咖啡馆和餐馆可供选择。
◆There be+n.+非谓语动词
There are lots of questions to be discussed in the meeting.
会议上有很多问题要讨论。
(2024·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)Thankfully,there was a long queue still waiting to board the bus.
谢天谢地,还有很长的队伍在等着上车。
There is more than one achievement made,which makes the whole team excited.
取得了不止一项成就,这让整个团队都很兴奋。
归纳拓展
·There be+n.+doing 表示主动关系,同时表示动作正在进行
There be+n.+done 表示被动关系,同时表示动作已经发生
There be+n.+to do/to be done 表示动作尚未发生
·There be句型还常常以下列形式出现:
There seems/appears/happens/used to be...
There stands/lies/exists/remains/follows/lives/comes/goes...
There be no use/good/sense/point/need/doubt/possibility (in) doing...
温馨提示
动词不定式与被修饰词为被动关系,如不定式中的动词为不及物动词,其后应加介词。
语境运用
(1)句子语法填空
①There is a lot of housework (do) in the afternoon so I can’t accompany you to the cinema.
②There are many people (apply) for the job advertised in the newspaper.
③There is a great breakthrough (make),which has relieved all the members of the team.
to do
applying
made
(2)完成句子
④公园里有很多老年人在练太极拳。
There were lots of elderly people in the park.
⑤有一大群人要来给他送行。
There is a large crowd .
practising tai chi
to see him off
长难句分析
①There are so many beautiful old buildings—②many sitting on top of big hills,③offering great views of the city,the ocean,and the Golden Gate Bridge.
这里有众多美丽的古建筑——不少坐落于大山之巅,城市、大海和金门大桥的美景尽收眼底。
分析:句①是主干部分,②是独立主格结构,补充说明so many beautiful old buildings的情况;③是现在分词作伴随状语。
情境写作
①博物馆里有很多展品,很多是独特且具有教育意义的,吸引了很多游客前来参观。
语境运用
There are so many exhibits in the museum—many unique and educational,attracting a great many visitors to visit.
②他正在课堂上专心听讲,眼睛盯着黑板,认真地记下老师讲的
内容。
He was listening attentively in class,his eyes fixed on the blackboard,writing down carefully what the teacher had said.
进阶提升·写作微练
地理位置描写
常用词汇
一、课文词汇
1.on top of...在……顶部/上方
2.near 在……附近;靠近
3.here 在这里
4.head to (朝……)前进;(向……)去
5.all over the world 全世界
二、补充词汇
6.lie in/to/on 位于
7.be located/situated in/at/on...坐落于……
8.be surrounded by...被……围绕/环绕
9.take a walk along...沿着……散步
10.in the centre of...在……的中央
11.on/at the corner...在……拐角处
12.on the right/left在右边/左边
13.opposite to相反
14.across the river河对岸
15.stand at the foot of/ on the top of...坐落于……脚下/顶部
常用句型
一、课本原句
1.My hotel is near downtown,in the Mission District,one of the oldest parts of the city.
我住的旅馆靠近市中心,位于教会区,这是圣弗朗西斯科最古老的街区之一。
2.In the afternoon,I headed to a local museum that showed the historical changes in California.
下午,我前往当地一家博物馆参观,博物馆展示了加利福尼亚的历史变迁。
3.Over 300,000 people came from all over the world to seek their fortune,and San Francisco quickly became a big city.
世界各地30多万人蜂拥而至,在这里谋出路,圣弗朗西斯科迅速成为一座大都市。
二、其他表达
4.He walked to the bus stop at the corner of Park Avenue and Sixth Street.
他走到位于公园大道和第六街拐角处的公共汽车站。
5.It’s located in a quiet building and it’s close to bus lines.
它位于一栋安静的建筑里,离公交线路很近。
6.On arriving at the top of the hill,we were deeply attracted by the beautiful scenery.
一到达山顶,我们就被这里美丽的风景深深吸引了。
7.West of the city stands a tall building.
城西耸立着一座高楼。
8.Surrounded by mountains on three sides,the small village faces a clear river on the east.
这个小村庄三面环山,东临一条清澈的河流。
微写作训练
1.我住在一个群山环绕的小镇上。镇中心有一个美丽的公园。在公园附近,有一条河。河对岸有一个农场。这里的风景很美,我真的很喜欢这个地方。
I live in a small town surrounded by mountains.There is a beautiful park in the centre of the town.Near the park,there is a river.Across the river,there is a farm.The scenery here is very beautiful,and I really like this place.
2.我强烈建议你去参观北京的长城和故宫博物院,在那里你一定会对中国古代人民的伟大杰作感到吃惊。此外,你可以沿着南锣鼓巷散步,感受四合院等老建筑的建筑风格。
I highly recommend you to pay a visit to the Great Wall and the Palace Museum in Beijing,where you must be amazed at the great works of ancient Chinese people.Besides,you can take a walk along Nanluogu Lane to feel the architectural style of the old buildings like Siheyuan.
课文二次开发利用
课文语法填空
After camping in the Redwood Forest and visiting the wine country of Napa Valley,I arrived in San Francisco.The city rebuilt 1. (it) after the earthquake that occurred in 1906.Visitors can get great views of San Francisco,the ocean and the Golden Gate Bridge.
itself
I lived in a hotel near downtown,in the Mission District.The district is now a centre for art,music,and food.I walked around
2. (look) at the street art for a few hours.Afterwards,I had some delicious Mexican-Chinese noodles from a food truck.
There was a real mix of cultures in this city.
looking
In the afternoon,I headed 3. a local museum where I watched the 4. (history) changes in California.I learnt that America didn’t get California from Mexico 5. 1848,
when gold was discovered near San Francisco.People from all over the world came here 6. (seek) their fortune.Many Chinese came to the city as well.The museum also showed how America
7. (build) by immigrants from different 8.
(country) and cultures.
to
historical
until
to seek
was built
countries
In the evening,I went to Chinatown,9. there were so many good cafés and restaurants to choose from.I 10.
(select) a Cantonese restaurant.Tomorrow evening,I’m going to a jazz bar in the Richmond District.
where
selected
语法专项指导
语法原句再现
1.This district used to be a poor area of town,but (this district) is now a centre for art,music,and food.
2. (It is) A real mix of cultures here!
3.What great food (it is) !
4. ( I ) Can’t wait!
观察上面的例句,你发现了什么规律
省略
语法知识点拨
为了避免重复或为了使句子更简练,在一些句子中常常省去某一个或某几个成分,这种语法现象在英语中叫作省略。在英语句子中,常见的省略情况有以下几种。
一、简单句中的省略
1.省略主语和谓语。
—Hello!Is Jack in
——你好!杰克在吗
—(This is) Jack speaking.
——我就是。
2.there be句型中的省略。
(Is there) Anything wrong
发生了什么事
3.感叹句根据上下文的省略。
What a (good) boy (he is)!
多好的男孩呀!
4.名词所有格修饰的名词若表示店铺、住宅、教堂或上下文已暗示或明确指出过的事物时可省略。I go to the supermarket instead of the butcher’s (shop) to buy meat.
我去超市而不是去肉铺买肉。
5.介词的省略。
常见的有spend time (in)doing sth、have a hard time (in) doing sth、waste time (in) doing sth、stop/prevent...(from) doing sth、take turns (at) doing sth等。
He seldom spends his spare time (in) studying.
他很少利用空余时间学习。
语境运用
写出下列句子中的省略部分
①Do be careful!( )
②—What is your favourite subject
—English.( )
③—Do you know Tom
—No,I don’t know.( )
④Have a drink ( )
⑤What an unforgettable experience!( )
You
It is
him
Will you
it was
二、并列句中的省略
1.省略共同的主语或宾语。
Tom picked up the book from the floor and (Tom) handed it to his brother.
汤姆从地板上捡起书并把它递给了哥哥。
2.若主语与谓语动词相同,则省略后面分句的主语和谓语。
His performance made us amused,but(his performance made) himself tired.
他的表演让我们高兴,但是使他自己很累。
3.若主语不同而谓语的助动词、情态动词相同,则省略后面分句的助动词或情态动词。
Tom must have been playing football at that time,and his sister (must have been) playing the piano.
汤姆那时一定在踢足球,而且他的妹妹一定在弹钢琴。
语境运用
用省略句完成句子
①有些学生喜欢打篮球,有些则不喜欢。
Some students like playing basketball,while some .
②我在学校当老师,我的弟弟在银行工作。
I work in a school as a teacher and my brother .
don’t
in a bank
三、动词不定式中的省略
动词不定式中的省略现象可分为两种情况:一是动词不定式符号to后的动词部分的省略;二是动词不定式符号to的省略。
1.动词不定式符号to后的动词部分的省略。
(1)答语中的有些动词(短语)后跟不定式作宾语时,可将其动词省略,而保留to,这样的动词(短语)常见的有want、wish、expect、hope、would like/love、like、love、try、forget、prefer、mean、be going to、be about to、be supposed to等。
—Will you go with me
——你要和我一起去吗
—Yes,I’d like to (go with you).
——是的,我想。
温馨提示
如果作宾语的不定式是be动词或完成时态,则需在to之后加上be或have。
—Are you a doctor
——你是医生吗
—No,but I want to be (a doctor).
——不,但我希望是。
—He hasn’t finished his homework.
——他还没有完成家庭作业。
—He ought to have (finished his homework).
——他本应该完成的。
(2)动词不定式作宾语补足语时,省略to后的动词部分,即用to代替整个不定式。
You’d better finish the job on time if he ordered you to (finish the job on time).
你最好按时完成工作,如果他是这么要求你的。
(3)不定式在形容词able、anxious、eager、glad、happy、ready、willing等之后作状语时,省略动词部分。
You can’t force him to live in another city if he’s not ready to (live in another city).
如果他还没有准备去另一个城市生活,你就不能强迫他。
(4)不定式跟在be able to、be going to、have to、ought to、used to等后,一起作复合谓语时,省略动词部分。
He doesn’t like fish but he used to (like fish).
他不喜欢吃鱼,但是以前他喜欢。
2.动词不定式符号to的省略。
(1)感官动词feel、see、notice、watch、find、hear、listen to、observe等和使役动词have、make、let等后面作宾语补足语的不定式要省略to (help后的to可带可不带)。
I saw a boy fall down from the tree.
我看见一个男孩从树上掉下来了。
温馨提示
这些结构在被动语态中,动词不定式符号to保留(let除外)。
We often hear him sing the song at home.
→He is often heard to sing the song at home.
我们经常听到他在家唱这首歌。
(2)当不定式作表语时,如果主语部分出现动词do的任何形式,则不定式中的to常可省略。
What he wants to do is go home.
他想做的就是回家。
(3)介词but前面有动词do,后面的不定式可省略to。
He can do nothing but lie down and sleep.
他无事可做只好躺下睡觉。
(4)两个或者两个以上的动词不定式由连词and、but、than、or等连接时,从第二个动词不定式起,往往省略不定式符号to。
His job is to take care of the elderly and wash their clothes.
他的工作是照顾老年人并清洗他们的衣物。
温馨提示
如果两个不定式表示对比关系,则to都不能省略。
To be for the plan or to be against it doesn’t matter.
赞成或反对这项计划都不重要。
语境运用
句子语法填空
①She was made (finish) the task by herself.
②He was often seen (go) to the supermarket to do some shopping.
③We could do nothing but (work) hard to realise our dreams.
to finish
to go
work
四、复合句中的省略
1.状语从句的省略。
(1)在when、while、whenever、till、as soon as、if、unless、once、as long as、even if/though、though、although、as if/though等引导的时间、条件、让步、比较、方式等状语从句中,若谓语含有be动词,且从句的主语与主句的主语相同(或从句主语是it)时,则从句的主语和be动词常被省略。
He will not attend the party unless (he is) invited.
除非被邀请,否则他不会参加这个宴会。
If (it is) convenient,call me and have a chat with me.
如果方便,就给我打电话,和我聊一下。
(2)虚拟条件句中若含有were、had、should,常省略if,将were、had、should提前构成部分倒装。
Were I you (相当于If I were you),I would accept the chance to work in that company.
如果我是你,我会接受在那个公司工作的机会。
2.宾语从句的省略。
(1)由特殊疑问词which、when、where及why引导的宾语从句,若从句中所表达的内容与主句内容重复,可将其省略,仅保留疑问词。
He was late for work again,and no one knew why(he was late for work again).
他又一次上班迟到了,没有人知道为什么。
(2)that引导的宾语从句作动词的宾语时,可省略引导词that;若两个或两个以上的that引导的宾语从句作动词的宾语,只能省略第一个引导词that。
Joe said (that)he would come and that he would arrive at 5:00 p.m.
乔说过他要来,他下午5点会到。
(3)在与suggest、request、order、advise等词有关的名词性从句中,从句谓语动词应用虚拟语气,即“should+动词原形”,should可以省略。
I suggested that we (should) hold a meeting tonight.
我建议我们今晚开个会。
(4)在用“I’m afraid...”“I think...”“I believe...”“I hope...”
“I guess...”等作答句时,其后常跟省略形式。so表示赞同前述的事实,not表示不赞同前述的事实。
—We will have to work extra hours to finish the work.
——我们将不得不加班来完成这份工作。
—I’m afraid so (相当于we will have to work extra hours to finish the work).
——恐怕是这样。
3.定语从句的省略。
(1)在限制性定语从句中,作宾语用的关系代词whom、which、that可省略。
He handed the book(that/which)he bought yesterday to me.
他把昨天买的那本书递给了我。
(2)way作先行词,且定语从句中缺少方式状语时,引导从句的关系词可省略。
We don’t like the way (in which/that) he treats his mother.
我们不喜欢他对待妈妈的方式。
(3)在由“the same...as...”与such as引导的某些定语从句中,也可省略与主句相同的部分。
The price is the same as (the price was) yesterday.
今天的价格与昨天的相同。
(4)定语从句中的“关系代词+助动词be”可以省略。
The ticket (that/which was)booked by his sister has been sent to him.
他妹妹预订的那张票已经寄给他。
语境运用
翻译句子
①有可能的话,周末我会去看望您。
②如果我是你,我会带一束花或者一瓶酒去参加他的生日聚会。
③老师建议我们大声地朗读英语。
I’ll pay a visit to you at the weekend if possible.
Were I you,I would bring a bunch of flowers or a bottle of wine to attend his birthday party.
Our teacher suggests that we read English aloud.
真题赏析
1.(2024·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)Bring layers for changing weather and a raincoat necessary.
2.(2023·浙江1月卷)It seemed that the bird was waiting for me,its beady eyes locked on mine as if (try) to convey some deep,unspoken gratitude.
if
trying
3.(2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷)From a classic viewpoint,enjoy Lower Falls,the Yellowstone River,and the breathtaking colors of the canyon (峡谷) while (learn) about the area’s natural and human history.
4.(2022·全国甲卷)This indicates that Goffin’s cockatoos do indeed possess an allocentric frame of reference when (move) objects in space...
learning
moving
答案及剖析:
1.if 考查状语从句的省略。“Bring layers for changing weather and a raincoat if necessary.”意思是“如果有必要,带上应对多变天气的衣物和一件雨衣”,if necessary是一个常用的省略短语,表示“如果有必要”。故填if。
2.trying 考查状语从句的省略。as if引导方式状语从句,句子主语its beady eyes与动词try构成主谓关系,应用“连词+doing”结构。故填trying。
3.learning 考查状语从句的省略。while引导时间状语从句,从句中省略了主语you和be动词are。故填learning。
4.moving 考查状语从句的省略。主语Goffin’s cockatoos与动词move构成主谓关系,应用“连词+doing”结构。故填moving。
语法专项训练
Ⅰ.改写句子(使用省略手段避免下面各句重复与冗赘)
1.Someone has used my mobile phone,but I don’t know who has used it.
2.John worked hard but his brother did not work hard.
Someone has used my mobile phone,but I don’t know who.
John worked hard but his brother did not.
3.Mother can take a rest,Mother should take a rest but Mother won’t take a rest after long hours of work.
Mother can take a rest,Mother should but Mother won’t after long hours of work.
4.My parents encouraged me to go to college,but I didn’t want to go to college.
My parents encouraged me to go to college,but I didn’t want to.
5.Whether she is sick or well,she is always cheerful.
Whether sick or well,she is always cheerful.
6.If it is necessary,we will finish it ahead of time.
7.Give me your name and address,please.
If necessary,we will finish it ahead of time.
Your name and address,please.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1.过马路时,你一定要当心。
the street,you must be careful.
2.如果有必要,你可以步行去上学。
,you can go to school on foot.
3.正如所料想的那样,一切进展顺利。
,everything goes smoothly.
While crossing
If necessary
As expected
4.如果对这个活动感兴趣,你可以在周五之前报名。
in the activity,you can sign up before Friday.
5.他们的加薪要求将在明天的会议上进行讨论。
Their request that the pay will be discussed at tomorrow’s meeting.
6.据说有人会来帮助我们解决这个问题,但我们并不知道是谁。
It is said that someone will come to help us solve the problem,but
.
If interested
be raised
we don’t know who
7.活动中,导游热情地为我们详细讲解了每一幅作品,并向我们介绍了我们最欣赏的中国著名画家,如徐悲鸿、齐白石等。
In the activity,the guide enthusiastically explained each work in detail and introduced to us the famous Chinese painters
,such as Xu Beihong,Qi Baishi and so on.
we admire most
课时作业
基础进阶·情境运用
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.Cultural (多样性) is one of the greatest strengths of our world.
2.She was (准许进入) to the university of her dream.
3.She (确实) has a unique perspective on cultural differences.
diversity
admitted
definitely
4.In our class,the students who keep journals every day are in a
(少数).
5.The figures in the (图表) show that Earth is becoming warmer and warmer.
6.Some people (宣称) that multiculturalism is the key to success.
7.There has been a (系列) of workshops on cultural activities.
minority
diagram
claim
series
8. (财政的) support is essential for promoting cultural events.
9.She is a (顶好的) woman who can handle everything.
10.Some plants are (有毒的) and should not be touched.
Financial
super
poisonous
Ⅱ.语境填词
1.In this course,we hope to look at literature in the frame of its social and (history) context.
2. (immigrant) have contributed to British culture in many ways.
3.The people who are against the plan are in the (minor).
4.What is it that has brought global warming
5.I was grateful to him for his (finance) support.
historical
Immigrants
minority
about
financial
6.Apart from (give) a general introduction to computers,
the course also provides practical experience.
7.I heard you had narrow escape on the freeway just now.
8.My trip to the valley is (definite) an unforgettable experience.
9.You’d better not claim (know) what you don’t know.
10.The idea that he wanted to be a lawyer occurred him in a dream.
giving
a
definitely
to know
to
11.Tom is said to have gained (admit) to the university of his choice.
12.I was (fortune) enough to get on the last bus yesterday.
13.Teachers want students to express a (diverse) of ideas on a certain topic.
14.Although he has sought (find) a peaceful solution,he fails to do so.
15.He was selected a member of the school team to represent the school in the basketball game.
admission
fortunate
diversity
to find
as
Ⅲ.情境写作
1.文化多样性带来了许多有趣的变化。
The diversity of culture
.
2.除语言外,食物也是文化多样性的重要组成部分。
,food is also an important part of cultural diversity.
has brought about many interesting
changes
Apart from language
3.由于成绩优异,他被一所著名的大学录取了。
a famous university because of his excellent grades.
4.他突然想到不同的文化有不同的价值观。
that different cultures have different values.
5.他声称游览过许多国家,了解了不同的文化。
He many countries and learnt about different cultures.
He was admitted to/into
It occurs to him
claimed to have visited
6.他靠教外国人中文谋生。
by teaching Chinese to foreigners.
7.一座现代化的城市在十年前还是一片荒地的地方建立起来了。
A modern city has been set up in ten years ago.
He earned a/his living
what was a wasteland
话题延伸·素养升华
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
San Francisco Fire Engine Tours
San Francisco Winery Tour
Running:1 February through 30 April
This delicious tour goes through the city on its way to Treasure Island where we will stop at the famous Winery SF.Here you can enjoy 4 pours of some of the best wine San Francisco has to offer.(Included in tickets price)
Departing from the Cannery:Tell time upon request.
Duration (时长):2 hours
Price:$90
Back to the Fifties Tour
Running:16 August through 31 August
This tour transports you back in time to one of San Francisco’s most fantastic periods,the 1950s! Enjoy fun history as we take you through San Francisco for a free taste of ice cream.
Departing from the Cannery:5:00 p.m.and7:30 p.m.
Duration:2 hours
Price:$90
Spooky Halloween Tour
Running:10 October through 31 October
Join us for a ride through the historical Presidio district.
Authentic fire gear (服装) is provided for your warmth as our entertainers take you to some of the most thrilling parts of San Francisco.
Departing from the Cannery:6:30 p.m. and8:30 p.m.
Duration:1 hour and 30 minutes
Price:Available upon request
Holiday Lights Tour
Running:6 December through 23 December
This attractive tour takes you to some of San Francisco’s most cheerful holiday scenes.Authentic fire gear is provided for your warmth as you get into the holiday spirit.
Departing from the Cannery:7:00 p.m. and9:00 p.m.
Duration:1 hour and 30 minutes
Advance reservations are required.
语篇导读:本文是应用文。文章介绍了旧金山的四个旅游景点的价格、时间和特色。
( )1.Which of the tours is suitable for tourists who are interested in history
A.San Francisco Winery Tour.
B.Back to the Fifties Tour.
C.Spooky Halloween Tour.
D.Holiday Lights Tour.
√
答案及剖析:
1.B 细节理解题。根据Back to the Fifties Tour标题下的“Enjoy fun history...a free taste of ice cream.”可知,Back to the Fifties Tour适合对历史感兴趣的游客。故选B。
( )2.What is the requirement for tourists to go on Holiday Lights Tour
A.Take some drinks.
B.Set off early in the morning.
C.Wear warm clothes.
D.Make reservations in advance.
√
答案及剖析:
2.D 细节理解题。根据Holiday Lights Tour标题下的“Advance reservations required.”可知,Holiday Lights Tour对游客的要求是需要提前预订。故选D。
( )3.Where is the passage most likely to be taken from
A.Travel brochure.
B.Encyclopedia.
C.Textbook.
D.Biography.
√
答案及剖析:
3.A 推理判断题。根据文章的四个小标题可知,本文主要介绍了旧金山的四个旅游景点,由此可推断出,这篇文章最有可能出自旅游手册。故选A。
B
Some people say global English is no longer just controlled by British or American English,but is running free and developing uniquely local forms.Can you figure out the following terms
“I like your smile,but I don’t like you put your shoes on my face.” This is a way of saying “Keep off the grass”.Or “People mountain,people sea”,which means “very crowded”.
These examples are what we call Chinglish.When it comes to Chinglish,if all you know is “good good study,day day up”,you will be considered as an “out man”.
Nowadays,more Chinglish words have been created,for example,a Chinese idiom is translated as “smilence”,a combination of the English words “smile” and “silence”.
Chinglish usually offers a humorous look at the misuses of English language in Chinese street signs,products,and advertising.
They are favoured by some English-speaking tourists and visitors.
Dominic Swire has been living in Beijing for a couple of years.“I think many Chinese people complain about the Chinglish and badly translated English.But you know,sometimes for us foreigners,it’s actually quite charming to see them.I think if the translations of English in China were all perfect,then something from Chinese culture would be lost.”
However,Chinglish will probably become a “cultural relic” in the near future.Beijing has made a comprehensive plan to improve foreign language services and correct Chinglish within several years.“It is very ridiculous to see Chinglish on the signs in some scenic spots.And they are a kind of barrier for communication between Chinese and people from other countries,” a person in Beijing said.
Some Chinese university experts side with Chinglish.They argue that English has absorbed elements from other languages such as French and Spanish in its growth,and now it’s Chinese’s turn.
语篇导读:本文是说明文。如今,世界英语不单单受英式英语和美式英语的影响,英语词汇和汉语语法的结合还导致了越来越多的“中式英语”的出现。
( )4.Which of the following can be called Chinglish according to the examples
A.The English words which get new Chinese meanings.
B.The Chinese words which are difficult to translate.
C.The words combining English vocabulary and Chinese grammar.
D.The local words preventing foreigners from learning Chinese well.
√
答案及剖析:
4.C 推理判断题。根据第二至第四段内容可知,文中举的中式英语的例子都是用英语词汇按照汉语语法规则表达出来的,与C项描述相符。故选C。
( )5.What does the underlined word “smilence” most probably mean in the fourth paragraph
A.Laughing at somebody.
B.Knowing little about speech.
C.Smiling without being noticed.
D.Saying nothing but to smile.
√
答案及剖析:
5.D 猜测词义题。根据第四段中画线词后的内容可知,smilence是把“微笑”和“沉默”结合,即表示“笑而不语”。故选D。
( )6.What is Swire’s attitude to Chinglish
A.It helps him to learn Chinese well.
B.It seems part of Chinese culture.
C.It can show the humour of Chinese.
D.It will attract more foreign tourists.
√
答案及剖析:
6.B 推理判断题。根据第五段中Swire说的话“I think if the translations...be lost from Chinese culture.”可知,他认为中式英语是中国文化的一部分。故选B。
( )7.Why is Chinglish likely to become a “cultural relic” in Beijing
A.Because Beijing is determined to get rid of Chinglish signs.
B.Because Chinglish is a chance to enrich Chinese and English.
C.Because Chinglish has become a unique bridge between Chinese and English.
D.Because Chinglish improves the understanding between Chinese and foreigners.
√
答案及剖析:
7.A 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段内容可推知,所谓的中式英语会成为文化遗迹是指在政府的政策下会逐渐消除中式英语,尤其是那些标语。故选A。
C
You may study English for years and still not understand a native speaker of English when you meet one.Many language learners know that native speakers say a lot of things that you can’t find in a dictionary.Well,here’s a secret for you:A lot of British people can’t understand each other,either!
Across the UK,a number of regions have different dialects.
There are many different accents (口音) in London,because it is not just where a person is born in the UK that decides their accent.
Language and accents also change across social classes and levels of education.Therefore,“Multicultural London English” was created at the end of the 20th century.
Other factors are also important in the invention of new accents and ways of speaking.These include the influence of people from different countries and different age groups,too.
“Yoof culture” is an example.The word “yoof” is a slang (俚语) spelling of “youth”.Young people are creating their own language,
ideas and identity.By using words that their parents don’t understand,
children can talk about things that their parents might not agree with.
For example,instead of saying something like “That’s good!” or “I understand”,yoof will use a single adjective like “Safe!”,or “Sorted!” Yoof would use “kind-a-thing” or “sort-a-thing” to replace “if you understand what I’m saying”.In this way,they are starting to find freedom,independence and self-expression.
As learners of English,we may wonder how well we can talk to a native speaker,but perhaps we should worry less about this.Research by the British Council shows that about 94% of the English spoken in the world today is spoken between non-native speakers of the language.In fact,when we think about “international English”,there is no such thing as a native or non-native speaker.The UK no longer owns the English language.
语篇导读:本文是说明文。文章主要解释了什么是“多元文化伦敦英语”以及“青年文化”兴起的原因和年轻人用的一些特殊的表达方式。
( )8.What do we know about “Multicultural London English”
A.It was invented by the people in London in the 1900s.
B.It is now spoken by people around the world.
C.It’s a dialect specific to a particular social class.
D.It’s a modern accent that crosses educational levels.
√
答案及剖析:
8.D 细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知,在伦敦有很多不同的口音,因为一个人的口音不仅仅是由他在英国的出生地决定的。语言和口音也因社会阶层和教育水平的不同而不同。由此可知,“多元文化伦敦英语”是一种跨越教育水平的现代口音。故选D。
( )9.Which of the following contributed to the rise of “Yoof culture”
A.A mix of many different cultures.
B.The way to simplify English spelling.
C.Young people’s desire to express themselves.
D.Young people’s longing for more attention.
√
答案及剖析:
9.C 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的“Young people are creating...might not agree with.”以及最后一句可知,年轻人表达自己的欲望促进了“青年文化”的兴起。故选C。
( )10.What does “Sorted!” mean in “Yoof culture”
A.Got it! B.No way!
C.With pleasure! D.No worries!
√
答案及剖析:
10.A 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的“For example,instead of saying...or ‘Sorted!’”可知,“Sorted!”在“青年文化”中意为“明白了!”。故选A。
( )11.What message does the author intend to convey
A.Mastering English is next to impossible.
B.The English language is always changing.
C.Don’t worry if you cannot understand native speakers.
D.It helps a non-native speaker to talk to a native speaker.
√
答案及剖析:
11.C 推理判断题。根据第一段的最后一句以及最后一段的最后两句可推知,作者想要传达的信息是如果你听不懂母语人士的话,不要担心。故选C。
Ⅱ.七选五
Diversity comes in many forms:gender,race,age,culture,etc.All of these contribute to an individual’s unique experience of the world.Here are some reasons why it is significant in all aspects of our lives.
Productivity
Bringing together people of various backgrounds leads to new ideas.
1. When tackling an issue,wouldn’t it be better to have more than one understanding and approach,rather than everyone contributing the same thought and conclusion
C
Becoming a world citizen
If you experience diversity in your everyday life,you will be regularly exposed to people,cultures,traditions,and practices that are unlike your own.Not only will you improve your social development,but also you will increase your understanding of the world.2.
Growing acceptance
Promoting diversity is the first step to true acceptance.Through growing contact and communication with new people,individuals may see that they may have more in common than they thought.3. And that is OK,too! Increasing familiarity with these differences can facilitate acceptance.
B
D
Richer life experience
Diversity is colourful! What if everyone who surrounded you was exactly like you in every way 4. We need new ideas,
views,and practices to stimulate and inspire us,to show us the way others eat,celebrate,and love!
We must not forget to spread the world about the importance of diversity and to face the world with love and celebration of our differences.5.
A
G
A.Where is the fun in that
B.Or,they may still be remarkably different.
C.Everyone has their own way of viewing a problem.
D.This will prepare you to be a part of a global society.
E.Is diversity something we should fight for in all aspects of our lives
F.Hearing about another’s experience can provide you a different idea.
G.Together,our differences make a strong and beautiful world community.
语篇导读:本文是说明文。文章说明了多样性体现在很多方面,这些因素使每个个体在世界上都是独一无二的,但同时人类的差异又造就了一个强大而美丽的世界共同体。
答案及剖析:
1.C 设空处前讲述把不同背景的人聚在一起会产生新的想法;设空处后讲述在解决问题时,有更多的理解和方法会更好。C项承上启下,且C项中的a problem与设空处后的an issue相呼应。故选C。
2.D 设空处讲述生活中经历多样性的好处,再结合本段的小标题 Becoming a world citizen 可知,D项承接上文,且D项中的a part of a global society与小标题中的a world citizen相呼应。故选D。
3.B 设空处前讲述通过与陌生人的接触和交流,我们可能会发现彼此之间有很多共同之处,再结合设空处后的“And that is OK,too!”以及下文中讲到越来越熟悉这些差异也可以促进包容可知,B项承上启下,选项中的different与下文中的these differences相呼应。故选B。
4.A 设空处前提出疑问——如果你周围的人在各个方面都和你一模一样会怎么样 A项使用疑问句对前一问句进行递进强调,且引出下文,说明我们需要多样性而不是千篇一律,符合语境。故选A。
5.G 设空处前讲述我们要向世界传播多样性的重要性,且应该带着对差异性的热爱和赞扬来面对世界。G项承接上文内容,且G项中的our differences是对设空处前的our differences的原词复现。故选G。
Ⅲ.语法填空
Crosstalk,xiangsheng in Chinese,is a 1. (tradition) Chinese comedic performing art and one of China’s most popular cultural forms.It’s 2. (general) believed that crosstalk developed sometime in the Qing Dynasty.After the People’s Republic of China 3. (found) in 1949,this art became increasingly popular.Today,it is 4. important part in the CCTV Spring Festival Gala and other countless shows in China.
traditional
generally
was founded
an
There are four 5. (skill) in crosstalk:talking,imitating,
teasing and singing.Most of the time,6. is performed by two actors —one serves as the leading actor while the other plays a supporting role.However,sometimes it is performed as a monologue
(独白),7. is completed by one person mainly telling jokes,
and at other times it is performed by more than two actors,
8. (call) group performance.Crosstalk is humorous and its language is lively and rich 9. puns (双关语).
skills
it
which
called
in
Jump into a taxi in Beijing,and chances are that your driver will be listening to a radio broadcast of a crosstalk show.These days,more and more foreigners are becoming interested in
10. (study) the art of crosstalk.Crosstalk is a huge part of Chinese culture and it appears as if it’s getting even bigger.
语篇导读:本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了相声这一中国传统艺术的起源、发展及其表现形式。
studying
答案及剖析:
1.traditional 考查形容词。设空处应用形容词,修饰后面的名词词组Chinese comedic performing art。故填traditional。
2.generally 考查副词。“It’s generally believed that...”是固定句型,意为“人们通常认为……”。故填generally。
3.was founded 考查动词的时态和语态。主语the People’s Republic of China和found之间是动宾关系,应用被动语态,且发生在过去,应用一般过去时,主语为单数,故填was founded。
4.an 考查冠词。part是可数名词,设空处应用不定冠词表泛指,important以元音音素开头,故填an。
5.skills 考查名词。根据four可知,此处应用名词的复数形式。故填skills。
6.it 考查代词。根据语境可知,设空处指代crosstalk,故填it。
7.which 考查定语从句。设空处引导非限制性定语从句,关系词在从句中作主语,修饰先行词a monologue(独白),指物,应用关系代词which引导。故填which。
8.called 考查非谓语动词。主语it和call之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系,应用过去分词形式。故填called。
9.in 考查介词。“be rich in...”是固定搭配,意为“富有……”。故填in。
10.studying 考查动词-ing形式。介词in后要用动词-ing形式。故填studying。
谢 谢 观 看
UNIT 3 DIVERSE CULTURES
头脑风暴·思维发散
The beauty of the world comes from the diversity of people,which is mainly reflected in the differences in language,nationality,race,religion,
cultural tradition and other aspects,thus leading to the diversity of human society.Different history and national conditions,as well as different ethnic groups and customs,have given birth to different civilisations and made up a colourful world.
Part 1
Listening and Speaking—
Discovering Useful Structures
自主预习·课前清障
基础识记
阅读单词
1.gumbo n.
2.nachos n.[pl.]
3.chip n.
4.cheese n.
5.spicy adj.
秋葵汤(用秋葵荚做的浓鸡汤或海鲜汤)
墨西哥玉米片
(英)炸土豆条;(美)炸薯片;芯片;碎片
干酪;奶酪
加有香料的;辛辣的
6.ethnic adj.
7.district n.
8.graffiti n.[pl.]
9.comic n.
adj.
10.china n.
具有民族特色的;异国风味的;民族的;种族的
地区;区域
涂鸦;胡写乱画
连环画杂志;漫画杂志;喜剧演员
滑稽的;使人发笑的
瓷;瓷器
11.jazz n.
12.bar n.
13.diagram n.
14.journal n.
15.Atlantic adj.
16.jeans n.
17.boot n.
18.mushroom n.
爵士乐
酒吧;小吃店;小馆子
简图;图解;图表;示意图
日志;日记;报纸;刊物
大西洋的
牛仔裤
靴子
蘑菇;蕈
核心单词
1. adv.在市中心;往市中心
2. n.传教(区);重要任务;使命
3. adv.以后;后来
4. vt.& vi.寻找;寻求;争取;(向人)请求
5. vt.& n.夺取(生命);宣称;断言
6. n.一系列;连续;接连
downtown
mission
afterwards
seek
claim
series
7. vi.& vt.逃走;逃脱;避开
n.逃跑;逃脱;解脱
8. vt.包;裹;折叠
vt.& vi.(可)折小;(可)叠平
9. adv.特别;格外
adj.顶好的;超级的
escape
fold
super
运用词汇
1.diverse adj.不同的;多种多样的→ n.差异(性);不同(点);多样性
2.fortune n.机会;运气;大笔的钱;命运→ adj.幸运的→
adv.幸运地→ n.厄运;不幸;不幸事件→
adj.不幸的→ adv.不幸地
3.admit vi.& vt.承认 vt.准许进入(或加入);接纳→ n.承认;准许进入;入场费
diversity
fortunate
fortunately
misfortune
unfortunate
unfortunately
admission
4.definitely adv.肯定;确实→ adj.清楚的;肯定的→
n.定义;解释→ adj.模糊不清的;不明确的
5.occur vi.发生;出现→ n.发生;出现;发生的事情
6.historical adj.(有关)历史的→ n.历史;发展史→
adj.历史上著名(或重要)的;有史时期的
7.earn vt.& vi.挣得;赚得;赢得;博得→ n.[pl.]收益;收入;工资
8.immigrant n.(外来)移民;外侨→ vi.(从外地)移居,移民→ n.移民(入境);移民人数
definite
definition
indefinite
occurrence
history
historic
earnings
immigrate
immigration
9.select vt.选择;挑选;选拔→ n.选择;挑选;选拔→
adj.选择性的;有选择的
10.minority n.少数民族;少数派;少数人→ adj.较小的;次要的
11.financial adj.财政的;财务的;金融的→ n.财政;金融;资金→ adv.财政上;金融上
12.poetry n.诗集;诗歌;诗作→ n.诗→ n.诗人
13.poisonous adj.引起中毒的;有毒的;分泌毒素的→ n.毒物;毒药;毒素 vt.毒死;毒害
selection
selective
minor
finance
financially
poem
poet
poison
重点词块及句型
重点词块
1. 在……的顶部/上方
2. 过去常常做某事
3. (朝……)前进;(向……)去
4. 寻找成功致富之路;闯世界
5. 谋生
on top of...
used to do sth
head to
seek one’s fortune
earn a living
6. 把……和……连接起来
7. 导致;引起
8. 一系列或一连串(事件)
9. 除了……外(还);此外
10. ……的发源地;是……的家园
join...to...
bring about
series of
apart from
be home to
重点句型
1.我不得不承认,再次回到城里的感觉实在是太棒了。
I have to admit that in the city again.
2.这里有众多美丽的古建筑——不少坐落于大山之巅,城市、大海和金门大桥的美景尽收眼底。
There are so many beautiful old buildings—
, ,the ocean,and the Golden Gate Bridge.
it definitely feels good to be back
many sitting on top of
big hills
offering great views of the city
3.同年,圣弗朗西斯科附近发现黄金,引发了淘金热。
In the same year,gold was discovered near San Francisco,
.
4.这里有很多不错的咖啡馆和餐馆可供选择。
so many good cafés and restaurants .
which started a gold rush
There were
to choose from
学习理解·语篇解构
语篇导读·先行把握
1.主题语境: 人与社会——了解一个具有多元文化特点的城市
2.语篇类型:旅行日记
3.课文内容分析:在日记中,中国学生Li Lan记录了自己的加利福尼亚州之行,并主要介绍了在圣弗朗西斯科一天的行程和所见所闻——从最初对圣弗朗西斯科的城市建筑产生兴趣到逐渐体会到多元文化对这个城市方方面面的影响。阅读本文,有利于加深学生对文化异同的理解和尊重,形成开放、包容的性格,并鼓励他们积极促进多元文化的和谐发展。
多维解读·深度剖析
答案:1.centre
2.Mexican-Chinese
3.mix
4.Museum
5.Chinatown
6.served
7.jazz
精研细读·深层理解
( )1.What can we infer from the passage about the author
A.She likes the mix of cultures in San Francisco.
B.She doesn’t like the food in the Mission District.
C.She is a native to San Francisco.
D.She doesn’t know much about California.
A
( )2.Why did many people come to San Francisco in 1848
A.Because there was an art movement.
B.Because gold was discovered near the city.
C.Because they wanted to build a new home there.
D.Because the city was beautiful.
B
( )3.Which of the following is TRUE about Chinatown
A.It is a poor area of the city.
B.It is a centre for art,music,and food.
C.Many immigrants worked on farms there.
D.People can eat different kinds of food there.
D
( )4.Where did the author stay in San Francisco
A.In a hotel in the Richmond District.
B.In a hotel near downtown.
C.In a poor area of the city.
D.In a museum in Chinatown.
B
( )5.What is the purpose of the text
A.To share an interesting experience.
B.To introduce San Francisco with diverse cultures.
C.To show the hardships of the immigrants.
D.To attract readers to visit San Francisco.
B
核心知识·深入探究
重点词汇
1.I have to admit that it definitely feels good to be back in the city again.
我不得不承认,再次回到城里的感觉实在是太棒了。
★admit vi.& vt.承认
vt.准许进入(或加入);接纳
admission n.承认;准许进入;入场费
(2022·全国乙卷)Children under 12 years accompanied by an adult are admitted free.
12岁以下的孩子由一个成人陪同可以免门票入场。
The waiter admitted me into the hotel.
服务员让我进入宾馆。
He admitted his mistake and corrected it before it was too late.
他承认了自己的错误并且及时改正了。
[备用例句]
You will not be admitted to the theatre after the performance has started.
演出开始后不许进入剧场。
归纳拓展
·admit doing/having done sth 承认做过某事
admit sb/sth to be/as...承认某人/某物是……
admit (to sb) that...(向某人)承认……
admit...to/into...允许……加入/进入……
be admitted to/into...被接纳进入……;被录取到……
be admitted as...被承认为……;被接纳为……
·gain admission to...获准进入……
语境运用
(1)句子语法填空
①Only athletes who have reached the agreed standard for their event will be admitted competitors.
②He was sad that he failed to gain (admit) to the university of his choice.
③On Sunday I got word that Tom (admit) to hospital for a serious disease.
as
admission
was admitted
(2)完成句子
④得知你被理想的大学录取了,我迫不及待地要向你表示祝贺。(应用文写作·祝贺信)
Learning that your ideal university,I can’t wait to express my congratulations to you.
⑤她走向汤姆,向他道歉,并承认不小心把蛋糕掉在了地板上,给他造成了巨大的麻烦。(读后续写·语言描写)
She approached Tom,apologised to him and
the cake on the floor by mistake,causing great trouble to him.
you are admitted to/into
admitted dropping/having
dropped或admitted that she had dropped
2.And what a city—a city that was able to rebuild itself after the earthquake that occurred in 1906.
多么神奇的一座城市啊——一座1906年大地震后重建的城市。
★occur vi.发生;出现
occurrence n.发生;出现;发生的事情
A good idea occurred to me all at once.
突然间我想到一个好主意。
It occurred to me that it had been too long since I heard from Jack.
我突然想到我已经很久没有收到杰克的消息了。
归纳拓展
sth occurs to sb (想法等)浮现在某人的脑海中;某人突然想起某事
It occurs to sb to do sth 某人突然想到做某事
It occurs to sb that...某人突然想到…… (It作形式主语,真正的主语是that引导的从句,且that不能省略)
温馨提示
①occur的过去式和过去分词均为occurred,现在分词为occurring。
②occur没有被动语态,不用于进行时。occur作谓语时,主语不能是人。
③表示“某人突然想到……”的句型如下所示。
It strikes/struck sb+that从句;
It hits/hit sb+that从句;
sth strike(s) sb;
sth come(s) to sb;
sb hit(s) on/upon sth
语境运用
(1)句子语法填空
①A perfect idea occurred us that we could give a hand-made gift to our teacher for the coming Teachers’ Day.
②It occurred to him (phone) the police for help.
③What he describes is more a made-up story than a real
(occur).
to
to phone
occurrence
(2)完成句子
④那天晚上一场可怕的暴风雨来袭,狂风怒吼,大雨倾盆而下。(读后续写·天气描写)
That night , with the wild wind howling and the rain pouring down.
⑤我突然想到第二天早上要参加一个重要的讲座。很抱歉不能跟你一起去书店了。(应用文写作·道歉信)
I had an important lecture to attend the next morning.I was so sorry for not being able to go to the bookstore with you.
a terrible storm occurred
It occurred to me that
3.Over 300,000 people came from all over the world to seek their fortune,...
世界各地30多万人蜂拥而至,在这里谋出路,……
★seek vt.& vi. 寻找;寻求;争取;(向人)请求
(2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷)Seeking and accepting constructive feedback (反馈) is crucial to growth.
寻求并接受有建设性的反馈对于成长非常重要。
Last week,a group of international students visited our school to seek after our tea drinking culture.
上周,一群国际学生为了追寻我们的饮茶文化而参观了我们学校。
We are always seeking to improve working conditions.
我们一直在设法改善工作条件。
归纳拓展
seek for/after 寻找;追求
seek to do sth 试图/设法做某事
seek sth from sb 向某人征求/寻求某物
seek one’s fortune 寻找成功致富之路;闯世界
语境运用
(1)句子语法填空
①The shopkeeper is trying to seek a better way to win his customers back,perhaps with a discount.
②Scientists have been seeking (solve) the mystery of people’s “sixth sense”.
for
to solve
(2)完成句子
③我们朝喊大叫,并敲打玻璃瓶,试图把熊吓跑。(读后续写·动作描写)
We yelled at the bear and hit glass bottles,
.
④了解到您是这方面的专家,我写信向您寻求关于如何与朋友友好相处的建议。(应用文写作·求助信)
Knowing that you are an expert in the field,I am writing to
on how to get along well with friends.
seeking to frighten the
bear away
your advice/seek advice from you
seek
★fortune n.机会;运气;大笔的钱;命运
fortunate adj.幸运的
unfortunate adj.不幸的
fortunately adv.幸运地
unfortunately adv.不幸地
misfortune n.厄运;不幸;不幸事件
I had the good fortune to be chosen for studying abroad.
我有幸被选中出国留学。
Determined never to come back before he could make a big fortune,Mike left home without saying a word.
迈克决心在赚大钱之前决不回来,于是一句话也没说就离开了家。
My cousin was fortunate to find a job as soon as she graduated from the university.
我表姐很幸运,大学一毕业就找到了工作。
归纳拓展
make a/one’s fortune 发财
seek/try one’s fortune 找出路;碰运气
have the good fortune to do sth=be fortunate to do/in doing sth 有幸做某事
温馨提示
fortune作“机会;运气”讲时,为不可数名词;作“时运;命运”讲时,为可数名词。
语境运用
(1)句子语法填空
①It was (fortunate) that he couldn’t speak English.
Bad luck!
②I have been (fortune) enough to visit many parts of the world as a lecturer.
③ (fortunate),just as she was about to give up,a kind stranger offered her a helping hand.
unfortunate
fortunate
Fortunately
(2)完成句子
④能有机会参加这个项目,我感到非常幸运。(应用文写作·感谢信)
I the opportunity to participate in this programme.
feel extremely fortunate to have had
语境串词
He decided to try his fortune downtown to see if he could make a fortune. Fortunately,he was fortunate to get the help of the mayor and successfully started his own business.
他决定到市中心碰碰运气,看看能否发财。幸运的是,他有幸得到了市长的帮助,并成功创办了自己的企业。
4.To earn a living,some opened up shops and restaurants in Chinatown.
为了谋生,有些人在中国城开商店、开餐馆。
◆earn vt.& vi. 挣得;赚得;赢得;博得
earnings n.[pl.]收益;收入;工资
The admiration and respect his uncle earned inspired Nielsen to make a career in acting.
尼尔森的叔叔赢得的钦佩和尊敬激励尼尔森走上了演艺之路。
Your efforts will earn you a good reputation.
你的努力将会为你赢得赞誉。
He turned to writing to earn a living.
他开始以写作谋生。
归纳拓展
earn a/one’s living相当于make a/one’s living谋生
earn money相当于make money挣钱
earn one’s respect赢得某人的尊重(敬)
earn sb sth使某人赚得/获得某物
earn sth by (doing) sth通过(做)某事获得某物
语境运用
(1)句子语法填空
①He earns living by writing novels.
②My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot selling fish.
a
by
(2)完成句子
③她帮助他人克服困难的勇气和愿望为她赢得了全世界人民的尊重和爱戴。(应用文写作·人物介绍)
Her courage and desire to help others overcome their problems
of people all over the world.
④于是他儿子说:“亲爱的爸爸,您的处境太困难了,我也是您的负担。这样倒不如让我出去闯一闯,挣口饭吃。”(读后续写·语言描写)
So his son said,“Dear Dad,you have fallen on very hard times and I’m a burden to you; it will be better if I go away and .”
earned
her the respect and love
try to earn a/my living
语境串词
His rich working experience earned him a good chance in the big company three years ago,and now he not only earns his living by working here but also has earned/earns a reputation in the field of his work.Besides,his earnings are rising year by year.
三年前,他丰富的工作经验为他在这家大公司赢得了一个很好的机会,现在他不仅在这里谋生而且也在他工作的领域赢得了声誉。此外,他的收入还在逐年增长。
5.I selected a Cantonese restaurant that served its food on beautiful china plates.
我挑了一家粤菜馆,他们端出来的菜肴是放在精美的瓷盘子上的。
◆select vt.选择;挑选;选拔
selection n.选择;挑选;选拔
selective adj.选择性的;有选择的
Mr Zhou was selected as the Best Teacher of the Year.
周老师被评选为年度优秀教师。
The manager of the company selected Jack to make a speech at the meeting.
公司的经理选杰克在会上发言。
归纳拓展
select ...as/to be...评选/挑选……作为……
select sb to do sth 挑选某人做某事
select ...for...为……挑选……
select ...from...从……中挑选……
温馨提示
select强调精心“挑选”;elect指“选举;推选”;pick常强调挑剔和苛刻地“挑选”;choose 指一般意义的“选择”。
语境运用
(1)句子语法填空
①She behaved so well that she was selected (represent) the company at the conference.
②He made a careful (select) before making a purchase.
③You can select your favourite dish the menu.
to represent
selection
from
(2)完成句子
④事实上,他是如此负责任和热心,所以我们选他当班长。(应用文写作·人物介绍)
In fact,he was so responsible and warm-hearted that
.
⑤走了很长一段路,我们到达了山顶,选了一个好地方扎营。(读后续写·动作描写)
After a long walk,we arrived at the top of the mountain and
.
we selected
him as/to be our monitor
selected a good place for our camp
6.What do you think brought about the cultural diversity
你认为是什么导致了文化的多样性
★bring about 导致;引起
Thinking in a positive,self-encouraging way brings about many benefits to one’s physical and mental health.
以积极、自我鼓励的方式思考会给一个人的身心健康带来很多好处。
The kindness of strangers has done much to bring back my faith in humanity.
陌生人的善举使我恢复了对人性的信心。
Pressure can bring out the worst in people.
压力会激发出人最坏的一面。
归纳拓展
bring up 养育;抚养;提出;呕吐
bring in 引进;获利;赚得
bring out 使表现出;显现;出版;阐明
bring back 把……带回;使想起;使恢复
bring down 减少;降低;使倒下
温馨提示
除bring about外,常见的表示“导致;引起”的词语还有cause、result in、lead to、contribute to等。
语境运用
用带有bring的短语完成下列句子
①The supermarket the prices of daily goods to promote its sales volume.
②The Internet is a technological wonder,
far-reaching changes in all aspects of our lives.
③The photos lots of good memories.
④ by his uncle,he has made up his mind to do something in return for him.
brought down
bringing about
bring back
Brought up
7.Over 3,000 lives were claimed in the 1906 San Francisco earthquake and the series of fires that occurred after it.
在1906年的旧金山(圣弗朗西斯科)大地震中有3 000多人被夺去生命,并且震后还发生了一系列的火灾。
★claim vt.& n.夺取(生命);宣称;断言;要求(拥有);索取
It was claimed that a series of strange things happened here.
据说这里发生了一连串奇怪的事。
She always claims to know the best.
她总是声称自己最了解情况。
Experts claim to have found the world’s oldest fossils.
专家声称找到了世界上最古老的化石。
归纳拓展
·It is claimed that...据说……
claim that/to do... 声称……
claim to have done sth 声称做过某事
claim oneself to be 某人自称是……
claim sth back 索回;要回
·make/have a claim 索赔
语境运用
(1)一词多义:写出下列句中claim的汉语释义
①I don’t claim to be an expert.
②The car crash claimed three lives.
③She has denied the magazine’s claim that she is leaving the team.
宣称
夺取(生命)
断言
(2)完成句子
④雷突然改变了主意,声称他在昨天的比赛中没有做错任何事,这让我们大吃一惊。(读后续写·语言描写)
Ray suddenly changed his mind,
anything wrong in yesterday’s competition,which surprised us.
claiming that he had not done
8.After visiting the southern part of Yunnan,I have to admit that it is the best region of China to escape the cold winter.
在参观了云南南部之后,我不得不承认它是中国最适合躲避寒冬的地区。
★escape vi.& vt.逃走;逃脱;避开
n.逃跑;逃脱;解脱;消遣
escaped adj.逃跑了的
(2023·浙江1月卷)It was a hummingbird,desperately trying to escape.
它是一只蜂鸟,正在拼命地试图逃脱。
Not many people survive such a narrow escape from death.
死里逃生的人并不多。
Fortunately,he escaped being killed in the car accident.
很幸运,他没在车祸中丧命。
归纳拓展
·escape from/out of ...从……逃脱;逃离
escape into ...逃进……
escape doing/being done sth 逃避(被)做某事
escape one’s attention/notice 逃过某人的注意
·a narrow escape 九死一生
温馨提示
escape作“被……遗忘;没有被……注意到”讲时,用sth escape(s) sb结构表示,而不是用sb escape(s) sth结构。
语境运用
(1)一词多义:写出下列句中escape的汉语释义
①No detail was too small to escape her attention.
②They were glad to escape the cold winter for another year.
③For her,travelling was an escape from her everyday life.
逃脱
避开
解脱;消遣
(2)完成句子
④泪水从他的眼睛里流出,顺着脸颊流下。(读后续写·细节描写)
Tears and rolled down his cheeks.
escaped from his eyes
重点句式
1.I have to admit that it definitely feels good to be back in the city again.
我不得不承认,再次回到城里的感觉实在是太棒了。
◆it作形式主语
本句中,that引导宾语从句,在从句中it作形式主语,真正的主语是后面的动词不定式to be back in the city again。常用于这个结构的形容词有easy、difficult、hard、important、possible等。
It’s necessary for the young to master two foreign languages.
对年轻人来说,掌握两门外语是必要的。
[备用例句]
①It’s a pity that you missed the exciting football match.
真遗憾,你错过了那场激动人心的足球赛。
②It is said that eating more eggs may strengthen one’s immunity.
据说多吃鸡蛋能增强人的免疫力。
归纳拓展
语境运用
(1)句子语法填空
①It is no good (spend) too much time on computer games.
② is said that the tickets have been sold out.
③It is up to you (decide) on your future career.
spending
It
to decide
(2)翻译句子
④天黑之前赶到那里很困难。
⑤保护环境是每个人的责任。
It is difficult to get there before dark.
It is everyone’s duty to protect the environment.
2.There were so many good cafés and restaurants to choose from.
这里有很多不错的咖啡馆和餐馆可供选择。
◆There be+n.+非谓语动词
There are lots of questions to be discussed in the meeting.
会议上有很多问题要讨论。
(2024·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)Thankfully,there was a long queue still waiting to board the bus.
谢天谢地,还有很长的队伍在等着上车。
There is more than one achievement made,which makes the whole team excited.
取得了不止一项成就,这让整个团队都很兴奋。
归纳拓展
·There be+n.+doing 表示主动关系,同时表示动作正在进行
There be+n.+done 表示被动关系,同时表示动作已经发生
There be+n.+to do/to be done 表示动作尚未发生
·There be句型还常常以下列形式出现:
There seems/appears/happens/used to be...
There stands/lies/exists/remains/follows/lives/comes/goes...
There be no use/good/sense/point/need/doubt/possibility (in) doing...
温馨提示
动词不定式与被修饰词为被动关系,如不定式中的动词为不及物动词,其后应加介词。
语境运用
(1)句子语法填空
①There is a lot of housework (do) in the afternoon so I can’t accompany you to the cinema.
②There are many people (apply) for the job advertised in the newspaper.
③There is a great breakthrough (make),which has relieved all the members of the team.
to do
applying
made
(2)完成句子
④公园里有很多老年人在练太极拳。
There were lots of elderly people in the park.
⑤有一大群人要来给他送行。
There is a large crowd .
practising tai chi
to see him off
长难句分析
①There are so many beautiful old buildings—②many sitting on top of big hills,③offering great views of the city,the ocean,and the Golden Gate Bridge.
这里有众多美丽的古建筑——不少坐落于大山之巅,城市、大海和金门大桥的美景尽收眼底。
分析:句①是主干部分,②是独立主格结构,补充说明so many beautiful old buildings的情况;③是现在分词作伴随状语。
情境写作
①博物馆里有很多展品,很多是独特且具有教育意义的,吸引了很多游客前来参观。
语境运用
There are so many exhibits in the museum—many unique and educational,attracting a great many visitors to visit.
②他正在课堂上专心听讲,眼睛盯着黑板,认真地记下老师讲的
内容。
He was listening attentively in class,his eyes fixed on the blackboard,writing down carefully what the teacher had said.
进阶提升·写作微练
地理位置描写
常用词汇
一、课文词汇
1.on top of...在……顶部/上方
2.near 在……附近;靠近
3.here 在这里
4.head to (朝……)前进;(向……)去
5.all over the world 全世界
二、补充词汇
6.lie in/to/on 位于
7.be located/situated in/at/on...坐落于……
8.be surrounded by...被……围绕/环绕
9.take a walk along...沿着……散步
10.in the centre of...在……的中央
11.on/at the corner...在……拐角处
12.on the right/left在右边/左边
13.opposite to相反
14.across the river河对岸
15.stand at the foot of/ on the top of...坐落于……脚下/顶部
常用句型
一、课本原句
1.My hotel is near downtown,in the Mission District,one of the oldest parts of the city.
我住的旅馆靠近市中心,位于教会区,这是圣弗朗西斯科最古老的街区之一。
2.In the afternoon,I headed to a local museum that showed the historical changes in California.
下午,我前往当地一家博物馆参观,博物馆展示了加利福尼亚的历史变迁。
3.Over 300,000 people came from all over the world to seek their fortune,and San Francisco quickly became a big city.
世界各地30多万人蜂拥而至,在这里谋出路,圣弗朗西斯科迅速成为一座大都市。
二、其他表达
4.He walked to the bus stop at the corner of Park Avenue and Sixth Street.
他走到位于公园大道和第六街拐角处的公共汽车站。
5.It’s located in a quiet building and it’s close to bus lines.
它位于一栋安静的建筑里,离公交线路很近。
6.On arriving at the top of the hill,we were deeply attracted by the beautiful scenery.
一到达山顶,我们就被这里美丽的风景深深吸引了。
7.West of the city stands a tall building.
城西耸立着一座高楼。
8.Surrounded by mountains on three sides,the small village faces a clear river on the east.
这个小村庄三面环山,东临一条清澈的河流。
微写作训练
1.我住在一个群山环绕的小镇上。镇中心有一个美丽的公园。在公园附近,有一条河。河对岸有一个农场。这里的风景很美,我真的很喜欢这个地方。
I live in a small town surrounded by mountains.There is a beautiful park in the centre of the town.Near the park,there is a river.Across the river,there is a farm.The scenery here is very beautiful,and I really like this place.
2.我强烈建议你去参观北京的长城和故宫博物院,在那里你一定会对中国古代人民的伟大杰作感到吃惊。此外,你可以沿着南锣鼓巷散步,感受四合院等老建筑的建筑风格。
I highly recommend you to pay a visit to the Great Wall and the Palace Museum in Beijing,where you must be amazed at the great works of ancient Chinese people.Besides,you can take a walk along Nanluogu Lane to feel the architectural style of the old buildings like Siheyuan.
课文二次开发利用
课文语法填空
After camping in the Redwood Forest and visiting the wine country of Napa Valley,I arrived in San Francisco.The city rebuilt 1. (it) after the earthquake that occurred in 1906.Visitors can get great views of San Francisco,the ocean and the Golden Gate Bridge.
itself
I lived in a hotel near downtown,in the Mission District.The district is now a centre for art,music,and food.I walked around
2. (look) at the street art for a few hours.Afterwards,I had some delicious Mexican-Chinese noodles from a food truck.
There was a real mix of cultures in this city.
looking
In the afternoon,I headed 3. a local museum where I watched the 4. (history) changes in California.I learnt that America didn’t get California from Mexico 5. 1848,
when gold was discovered near San Francisco.People from all over the world came here 6. (seek) their fortune.Many Chinese came to the city as well.The museum also showed how America
7. (build) by immigrants from different 8.
(country) and cultures.
to
historical
until
to seek
was built
countries
In the evening,I went to Chinatown,9. there were so many good cafés and restaurants to choose from.I 10.
(select) a Cantonese restaurant.Tomorrow evening,I’m going to a jazz bar in the Richmond District.
where
selected
语法专项指导
语法原句再现
1.This district used to be a poor area of town,but (this district) is now a centre for art,music,and food.
2. (It is) A real mix of cultures here!
3.What great food (it is) !
4. ( I ) Can’t wait!
观察上面的例句,你发现了什么规律
省略
语法知识点拨
为了避免重复或为了使句子更简练,在一些句子中常常省去某一个或某几个成分,这种语法现象在英语中叫作省略。在英语句子中,常见的省略情况有以下几种。
一、简单句中的省略
1.省略主语和谓语。
—Hello!Is Jack in
——你好!杰克在吗
—(This is) Jack speaking.
——我就是。
2.there be句型中的省略。
(Is there) Anything wrong
发生了什么事
3.感叹句根据上下文的省略。
What a (good) boy (he is)!
多好的男孩呀!
4.名词所有格修饰的名词若表示店铺、住宅、教堂或上下文已暗示或明确指出过的事物时可省略。I go to the supermarket instead of the butcher’s (shop) to buy meat.
我去超市而不是去肉铺买肉。
5.介词的省略。
常见的有spend time (in)doing sth、have a hard time (in) doing sth、waste time (in) doing sth、stop/prevent...(from) doing sth、take turns (at) doing sth等。
He seldom spends his spare time (in) studying.
他很少利用空余时间学习。
语境运用
写出下列句子中的省略部分
①Do be careful!( )
②—What is your favourite subject
—English.( )
③—Do you know Tom
—No,I don’t know.( )
④Have a drink ( )
⑤What an unforgettable experience!( )
You
It is
him
Will you
it was
二、并列句中的省略
1.省略共同的主语或宾语。
Tom picked up the book from the floor and (Tom) handed it to his brother.
汤姆从地板上捡起书并把它递给了哥哥。
2.若主语与谓语动词相同,则省略后面分句的主语和谓语。
His performance made us amused,but(his performance made) himself tired.
他的表演让我们高兴,但是使他自己很累。
3.若主语不同而谓语的助动词、情态动词相同,则省略后面分句的助动词或情态动词。
Tom must have been playing football at that time,and his sister (must have been) playing the piano.
汤姆那时一定在踢足球,而且他的妹妹一定在弹钢琴。
语境运用
用省略句完成句子
①有些学生喜欢打篮球,有些则不喜欢。
Some students like playing basketball,while some .
②我在学校当老师,我的弟弟在银行工作。
I work in a school as a teacher and my brother .
don’t
in a bank
三、动词不定式中的省略
动词不定式中的省略现象可分为两种情况:一是动词不定式符号to后的动词部分的省略;二是动词不定式符号to的省略。
1.动词不定式符号to后的动词部分的省略。
(1)答语中的有些动词(短语)后跟不定式作宾语时,可将其动词省略,而保留to,这样的动词(短语)常见的有want、wish、expect、hope、would like/love、like、love、try、forget、prefer、mean、be going to、be about to、be supposed to等。
—Will you go with me
——你要和我一起去吗
—Yes,I’d like to (go with you).
——是的,我想。
温馨提示
如果作宾语的不定式是be动词或完成时态,则需在to之后加上be或have。
—Are you a doctor
——你是医生吗
—No,but I want to be (a doctor).
——不,但我希望是。
—He hasn’t finished his homework.
——他还没有完成家庭作业。
—He ought to have (finished his homework).
——他本应该完成的。
(2)动词不定式作宾语补足语时,省略to后的动词部分,即用to代替整个不定式。
You’d better finish the job on time if he ordered you to (finish the job on time).
你最好按时完成工作,如果他是这么要求你的。
(3)不定式在形容词able、anxious、eager、glad、happy、ready、willing等之后作状语时,省略动词部分。
You can’t force him to live in another city if he’s not ready to (live in another city).
如果他还没有准备去另一个城市生活,你就不能强迫他。
(4)不定式跟在be able to、be going to、have to、ought to、used to等后,一起作复合谓语时,省略动词部分。
He doesn’t like fish but he used to (like fish).
他不喜欢吃鱼,但是以前他喜欢。
2.动词不定式符号to的省略。
(1)感官动词feel、see、notice、watch、find、hear、listen to、observe等和使役动词have、make、let等后面作宾语补足语的不定式要省略to (help后的to可带可不带)。
I saw a boy fall down from the tree.
我看见一个男孩从树上掉下来了。
温馨提示
这些结构在被动语态中,动词不定式符号to保留(let除外)。
We often hear him sing the song at home.
→He is often heard to sing the song at home.
我们经常听到他在家唱这首歌。
(2)当不定式作表语时,如果主语部分出现动词do的任何形式,则不定式中的to常可省略。
What he wants to do is go home.
他想做的就是回家。
(3)介词but前面有动词do,后面的不定式可省略to。
He can do nothing but lie down and sleep.
他无事可做只好躺下睡觉。
(4)两个或者两个以上的动词不定式由连词and、but、than、or等连接时,从第二个动词不定式起,往往省略不定式符号to。
His job is to take care of the elderly and wash their clothes.
他的工作是照顾老年人并清洗他们的衣物。
温馨提示
如果两个不定式表示对比关系,则to都不能省略。
To be for the plan or to be against it doesn’t matter.
赞成或反对这项计划都不重要。
语境运用
句子语法填空
①She was made (finish) the task by herself.
②He was often seen (go) to the supermarket to do some shopping.
③We could do nothing but (work) hard to realise our dreams.
to finish
to go
work
四、复合句中的省略
1.状语从句的省略。
(1)在when、while、whenever、till、as soon as、if、unless、once、as long as、even if/though、though、although、as if/though等引导的时间、条件、让步、比较、方式等状语从句中,若谓语含有be动词,且从句的主语与主句的主语相同(或从句主语是it)时,则从句的主语和be动词常被省略。
He will not attend the party unless (he is) invited.
除非被邀请,否则他不会参加这个宴会。
If (it is) convenient,call me and have a chat with me.
如果方便,就给我打电话,和我聊一下。
(2)虚拟条件句中若含有were、had、should,常省略if,将were、had、should提前构成部分倒装。
Were I you (相当于If I were you),I would accept the chance to work in that company.
如果我是你,我会接受在那个公司工作的机会。
2.宾语从句的省略。
(1)由特殊疑问词which、when、where及why引导的宾语从句,若从句中所表达的内容与主句内容重复,可将其省略,仅保留疑问词。
He was late for work again,and no one knew why(he was late for work again).
他又一次上班迟到了,没有人知道为什么。
(2)that引导的宾语从句作动词的宾语时,可省略引导词that;若两个或两个以上的that引导的宾语从句作动词的宾语,只能省略第一个引导词that。
Joe said (that)he would come and that he would arrive at 5:00 p.m.
乔说过他要来,他下午5点会到。
(3)在与suggest、request、order、advise等词有关的名词性从句中,从句谓语动词应用虚拟语气,即“should+动词原形”,should可以省略。
I suggested that we (should) hold a meeting tonight.
我建议我们今晚开个会。
(4)在用“I’m afraid...”“I think...”“I believe...”“I hope...”
“I guess...”等作答句时,其后常跟省略形式。so表示赞同前述的事实,not表示不赞同前述的事实。
—We will have to work extra hours to finish the work.
——我们将不得不加班来完成这份工作。
—I’m afraid so (相当于we will have to work extra hours to finish the work).
——恐怕是这样。
3.定语从句的省略。
(1)在限制性定语从句中,作宾语用的关系代词whom、which、that可省略。
He handed the book(that/which)he bought yesterday to me.
他把昨天买的那本书递给了我。
(2)way作先行词,且定语从句中缺少方式状语时,引导从句的关系词可省略。
We don’t like the way (in which/that) he treats his mother.
我们不喜欢他对待妈妈的方式。
(3)在由“the same...as...”与such as引导的某些定语从句中,也可省略与主句相同的部分。
The price is the same as (the price was) yesterday.
今天的价格与昨天的相同。
(4)定语从句中的“关系代词+助动词be”可以省略。
The ticket (that/which was)booked by his sister has been sent to him.
他妹妹预订的那张票已经寄给他。
语境运用
翻译句子
①有可能的话,周末我会去看望您。
②如果我是你,我会带一束花或者一瓶酒去参加他的生日聚会。
③老师建议我们大声地朗读英语。
I’ll pay a visit to you at the weekend if possible.
Were I you,I would bring a bunch of flowers or a bottle of wine to attend his birthday party.
Our teacher suggests that we read English aloud.
真题赏析
1.(2024·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)Bring layers for changing weather and a raincoat necessary.
2.(2023·浙江1月卷)It seemed that the bird was waiting for me,its beady eyes locked on mine as if (try) to convey some deep,unspoken gratitude.
if
trying
3.(2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷)From a classic viewpoint,enjoy Lower Falls,the Yellowstone River,and the breathtaking colors of the canyon (峡谷) while (learn) about the area’s natural and human history.
4.(2022·全国甲卷)This indicates that Goffin’s cockatoos do indeed possess an allocentric frame of reference when (move) objects in space...
learning
moving
答案及剖析:
1.if 考查状语从句的省略。“Bring layers for changing weather and a raincoat if necessary.”意思是“如果有必要,带上应对多变天气的衣物和一件雨衣”,if necessary是一个常用的省略短语,表示“如果有必要”。故填if。
2.trying 考查状语从句的省略。as if引导方式状语从句,句子主语its beady eyes与动词try构成主谓关系,应用“连词+doing”结构。故填trying。
3.learning 考查状语从句的省略。while引导时间状语从句,从句中省略了主语you和be动词are。故填learning。
4.moving 考查状语从句的省略。主语Goffin’s cockatoos与动词move构成主谓关系,应用“连词+doing”结构。故填moving。
语法专项训练
Ⅰ.改写句子(使用省略手段避免下面各句重复与冗赘)
1.Someone has used my mobile phone,but I don’t know who has used it.
2.John worked hard but his brother did not work hard.
Someone has used my mobile phone,but I don’t know who.
John worked hard but his brother did not.
3.Mother can take a rest,Mother should take a rest but Mother won’t take a rest after long hours of work.
Mother can take a rest,Mother should but Mother won’t after long hours of work.
4.My parents encouraged me to go to college,but I didn’t want to go to college.
My parents encouraged me to go to college,but I didn’t want to.
5.Whether she is sick or well,she is always cheerful.
Whether sick or well,she is always cheerful.
6.If it is necessary,we will finish it ahead of time.
7.Give me your name and address,please.
If necessary,we will finish it ahead of time.
Your name and address,please.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1.过马路时,你一定要当心。
the street,you must be careful.
2.如果有必要,你可以步行去上学。
,you can go to school on foot.
3.正如所料想的那样,一切进展顺利。
,everything goes smoothly.
While crossing
If necessary
As expected
4.如果对这个活动感兴趣,你可以在周五之前报名。
in the activity,you can sign up before Friday.
5.他们的加薪要求将在明天的会议上进行讨论。
Their request that the pay will be discussed at tomorrow’s meeting.
6.据说有人会来帮助我们解决这个问题,但我们并不知道是谁。
It is said that someone will come to help us solve the problem,but
.
If interested
be raised
we don’t know who
7.活动中,导游热情地为我们详细讲解了每一幅作品,并向我们介绍了我们最欣赏的中国著名画家,如徐悲鸿、齐白石等。
In the activity,the guide enthusiastically explained each work in detail and introduced to us the famous Chinese painters
,such as Xu Beihong,Qi Baishi and so on.
we admire most
课时作业
基础进阶·情境运用
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.Cultural (多样性) is one of the greatest strengths of our world.
2.She was (准许进入) to the university of her dream.
3.She (确实) has a unique perspective on cultural differences.
diversity
admitted
definitely
4.In our class,the students who keep journals every day are in a
(少数).
5.The figures in the (图表) show that Earth is becoming warmer and warmer.
6.Some people (宣称) that multiculturalism is the key to success.
7.There has been a (系列) of workshops on cultural activities.
minority
diagram
claim
series
8. (财政的) support is essential for promoting cultural events.
9.She is a (顶好的) woman who can handle everything.
10.Some plants are (有毒的) and should not be touched.
Financial
super
poisonous
Ⅱ.语境填词
1.In this course,we hope to look at literature in the frame of its social and (history) context.
2. (immigrant) have contributed to British culture in many ways.
3.The people who are against the plan are in the (minor).
4.What is it that has brought global warming
5.I was grateful to him for his (finance) support.
historical
Immigrants
minority
about
financial
6.Apart from (give) a general introduction to computers,
the course also provides practical experience.
7.I heard you had narrow escape on the freeway just now.
8.My trip to the valley is (definite) an unforgettable experience.
9.You’d better not claim (know) what you don’t know.
10.The idea that he wanted to be a lawyer occurred him in a dream.
giving
a
definitely
to know
to
11.Tom is said to have gained (admit) to the university of his choice.
12.I was (fortune) enough to get on the last bus yesterday.
13.Teachers want students to express a (diverse) of ideas on a certain topic.
14.Although he has sought (find) a peaceful solution,he fails to do so.
15.He was selected a member of the school team to represent the school in the basketball game.
admission
fortunate
diversity
to find
as
Ⅲ.情境写作
1.文化多样性带来了许多有趣的变化。
The diversity of culture
.
2.除语言外,食物也是文化多样性的重要组成部分。
,food is also an important part of cultural diversity.
has brought about many interesting
changes
Apart from language
3.由于成绩优异,他被一所著名的大学录取了。
a famous university because of his excellent grades.
4.他突然想到不同的文化有不同的价值观。
that different cultures have different values.
5.他声称游览过许多国家,了解了不同的文化。
He many countries and learnt about different cultures.
He was admitted to/into
It occurs to him
claimed to have visited
6.他靠教外国人中文谋生。
by teaching Chinese to foreigners.
7.一座现代化的城市在十年前还是一片荒地的地方建立起来了。
A modern city has been set up in ten years ago.
He earned a/his living
what was a wasteland
话题延伸·素养升华
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
San Francisco Fire Engine Tours
San Francisco Winery Tour
Running:1 February through 30 April
This delicious tour goes through the city on its way to Treasure Island where we will stop at the famous Winery SF.Here you can enjoy 4 pours of some of the best wine San Francisco has to offer.(Included in tickets price)
Departing from the Cannery:Tell time upon request.
Duration (时长):2 hours
Price:$90
Back to the Fifties Tour
Running:16 August through 31 August
This tour transports you back in time to one of San Francisco’s most fantastic periods,the 1950s! Enjoy fun history as we take you through San Francisco for a free taste of ice cream.
Departing from the Cannery:5:00 p.m.and7:30 p.m.
Duration:2 hours
Price:$90
Spooky Halloween Tour
Running:10 October through 31 October
Join us for a ride through the historical Presidio district.
Authentic fire gear (服装) is provided for your warmth as our entertainers take you to some of the most thrilling parts of San Francisco.
Departing from the Cannery:6:30 p.m. and8:30 p.m.
Duration:1 hour and 30 minutes
Price:Available upon request
Holiday Lights Tour
Running:6 December through 23 December
This attractive tour takes you to some of San Francisco’s most cheerful holiday scenes.Authentic fire gear is provided for your warmth as you get into the holiday spirit.
Departing from the Cannery:7:00 p.m. and9:00 p.m.
Duration:1 hour and 30 minutes
Advance reservations are required.
语篇导读:本文是应用文。文章介绍了旧金山的四个旅游景点的价格、时间和特色。
( )1.Which of the tours is suitable for tourists who are interested in history
A.San Francisco Winery Tour.
B.Back to the Fifties Tour.
C.Spooky Halloween Tour.
D.Holiday Lights Tour.
√
答案及剖析:
1.B 细节理解题。根据Back to the Fifties Tour标题下的“Enjoy fun history...a free taste of ice cream.”可知,Back to the Fifties Tour适合对历史感兴趣的游客。故选B。
( )2.What is the requirement for tourists to go on Holiday Lights Tour
A.Take some drinks.
B.Set off early in the morning.
C.Wear warm clothes.
D.Make reservations in advance.
√
答案及剖析:
2.D 细节理解题。根据Holiday Lights Tour标题下的“Advance reservations required.”可知,Holiday Lights Tour对游客的要求是需要提前预订。故选D。
( )3.Where is the passage most likely to be taken from
A.Travel brochure.
B.Encyclopedia.
C.Textbook.
D.Biography.
√
答案及剖析:
3.A 推理判断题。根据文章的四个小标题可知,本文主要介绍了旧金山的四个旅游景点,由此可推断出,这篇文章最有可能出自旅游手册。故选A。
B
Some people say global English is no longer just controlled by British or American English,but is running free and developing uniquely local forms.Can you figure out the following terms
“I like your smile,but I don’t like you put your shoes on my face.” This is a way of saying “Keep off the grass”.Or “People mountain,people sea”,which means “very crowded”.
These examples are what we call Chinglish.When it comes to Chinglish,if all you know is “good good study,day day up”,you will be considered as an “out man”.
Nowadays,more Chinglish words have been created,for example,a Chinese idiom is translated as “smilence”,a combination of the English words “smile” and “silence”.
Chinglish usually offers a humorous look at the misuses of English language in Chinese street signs,products,and advertising.
They are favoured by some English-speaking tourists and visitors.
Dominic Swire has been living in Beijing for a couple of years.“I think many Chinese people complain about the Chinglish and badly translated English.But you know,sometimes for us foreigners,it’s actually quite charming to see them.I think if the translations of English in China were all perfect,then something from Chinese culture would be lost.”
However,Chinglish will probably become a “cultural relic” in the near future.Beijing has made a comprehensive plan to improve foreign language services and correct Chinglish within several years.“It is very ridiculous to see Chinglish on the signs in some scenic spots.And they are a kind of barrier for communication between Chinese and people from other countries,” a person in Beijing said.
Some Chinese university experts side with Chinglish.They argue that English has absorbed elements from other languages such as French and Spanish in its growth,and now it’s Chinese’s turn.
语篇导读:本文是说明文。如今,世界英语不单单受英式英语和美式英语的影响,英语词汇和汉语语法的结合还导致了越来越多的“中式英语”的出现。
( )4.Which of the following can be called Chinglish according to the examples
A.The English words which get new Chinese meanings.
B.The Chinese words which are difficult to translate.
C.The words combining English vocabulary and Chinese grammar.
D.The local words preventing foreigners from learning Chinese well.
√
答案及剖析:
4.C 推理判断题。根据第二至第四段内容可知,文中举的中式英语的例子都是用英语词汇按照汉语语法规则表达出来的,与C项描述相符。故选C。
( )5.What does the underlined word “smilence” most probably mean in the fourth paragraph
A.Laughing at somebody.
B.Knowing little about speech.
C.Smiling without being noticed.
D.Saying nothing but to smile.
√
答案及剖析:
5.D 猜测词义题。根据第四段中画线词后的内容可知,smilence是把“微笑”和“沉默”结合,即表示“笑而不语”。故选D。
( )6.What is Swire’s attitude to Chinglish
A.It helps him to learn Chinese well.
B.It seems part of Chinese culture.
C.It can show the humour of Chinese.
D.It will attract more foreign tourists.
√
答案及剖析:
6.B 推理判断题。根据第五段中Swire说的话“I think if the translations...be lost from Chinese culture.”可知,他认为中式英语是中国文化的一部分。故选B。
( )7.Why is Chinglish likely to become a “cultural relic” in Beijing
A.Because Beijing is determined to get rid of Chinglish signs.
B.Because Chinglish is a chance to enrich Chinese and English.
C.Because Chinglish has become a unique bridge between Chinese and English.
D.Because Chinglish improves the understanding between Chinese and foreigners.
√
答案及剖析:
7.A 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段内容可推知,所谓的中式英语会成为文化遗迹是指在政府的政策下会逐渐消除中式英语,尤其是那些标语。故选A。
C
You may study English for years and still not understand a native speaker of English when you meet one.Many language learners know that native speakers say a lot of things that you can’t find in a dictionary.Well,here’s a secret for you:A lot of British people can’t understand each other,either!
Across the UK,a number of regions have different dialects.
There are many different accents (口音) in London,because it is not just where a person is born in the UK that decides their accent.
Language and accents also change across social classes and levels of education.Therefore,“Multicultural London English” was created at the end of the 20th century.
Other factors are also important in the invention of new accents and ways of speaking.These include the influence of people from different countries and different age groups,too.
“Yoof culture” is an example.The word “yoof” is a slang (俚语) spelling of “youth”.Young people are creating their own language,
ideas and identity.By using words that their parents don’t understand,
children can talk about things that their parents might not agree with.
For example,instead of saying something like “That’s good!” or “I understand”,yoof will use a single adjective like “Safe!”,or “Sorted!” Yoof would use “kind-a-thing” or “sort-a-thing” to replace “if you understand what I’m saying”.In this way,they are starting to find freedom,independence and self-expression.
As learners of English,we may wonder how well we can talk to a native speaker,but perhaps we should worry less about this.Research by the British Council shows that about 94% of the English spoken in the world today is spoken between non-native speakers of the language.In fact,when we think about “international English”,there is no such thing as a native or non-native speaker.The UK no longer owns the English language.
语篇导读:本文是说明文。文章主要解释了什么是“多元文化伦敦英语”以及“青年文化”兴起的原因和年轻人用的一些特殊的表达方式。
( )8.What do we know about “Multicultural London English”
A.It was invented by the people in London in the 1900s.
B.It is now spoken by people around the world.
C.It’s a dialect specific to a particular social class.
D.It’s a modern accent that crosses educational levels.
√
答案及剖析:
8.D 细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知,在伦敦有很多不同的口音,因为一个人的口音不仅仅是由他在英国的出生地决定的。语言和口音也因社会阶层和教育水平的不同而不同。由此可知,“多元文化伦敦英语”是一种跨越教育水平的现代口音。故选D。
( )9.Which of the following contributed to the rise of “Yoof culture”
A.A mix of many different cultures.
B.The way to simplify English spelling.
C.Young people’s desire to express themselves.
D.Young people’s longing for more attention.
√
答案及剖析:
9.C 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的“Young people are creating...might not agree with.”以及最后一句可知,年轻人表达自己的欲望促进了“青年文化”的兴起。故选C。
( )10.What does “Sorted!” mean in “Yoof culture”
A.Got it! B.No way!
C.With pleasure! D.No worries!
√
答案及剖析:
10.A 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的“For example,instead of saying...or ‘Sorted!’”可知,“Sorted!”在“青年文化”中意为“明白了!”。故选A。
( )11.What message does the author intend to convey
A.Mastering English is next to impossible.
B.The English language is always changing.
C.Don’t worry if you cannot understand native speakers.
D.It helps a non-native speaker to talk to a native speaker.
√
答案及剖析:
11.C 推理判断题。根据第一段的最后一句以及最后一段的最后两句可推知,作者想要传达的信息是如果你听不懂母语人士的话,不要担心。故选C。
Ⅱ.七选五
Diversity comes in many forms:gender,race,age,culture,etc.All of these contribute to an individual’s unique experience of the world.Here are some reasons why it is significant in all aspects of our lives.
Productivity
Bringing together people of various backgrounds leads to new ideas.
1. When tackling an issue,wouldn’t it be better to have more than one understanding and approach,rather than everyone contributing the same thought and conclusion
C
Becoming a world citizen
If you experience diversity in your everyday life,you will be regularly exposed to people,cultures,traditions,and practices that are unlike your own.Not only will you improve your social development,but also you will increase your understanding of the world.2.
Growing acceptance
Promoting diversity is the first step to true acceptance.Through growing contact and communication with new people,individuals may see that they may have more in common than they thought.3. And that is OK,too! Increasing familiarity with these differences can facilitate acceptance.
B
D
Richer life experience
Diversity is colourful! What if everyone who surrounded you was exactly like you in every way 4. We need new ideas,
views,and practices to stimulate and inspire us,to show us the way others eat,celebrate,and love!
We must not forget to spread the world about the importance of diversity and to face the world with love and celebration of our differences.5.
A
G
A.Where is the fun in that
B.Or,they may still be remarkably different.
C.Everyone has their own way of viewing a problem.
D.This will prepare you to be a part of a global society.
E.Is diversity something we should fight for in all aspects of our lives
F.Hearing about another’s experience can provide you a different idea.
G.Together,our differences make a strong and beautiful world community.
语篇导读:本文是说明文。文章说明了多样性体现在很多方面,这些因素使每个个体在世界上都是独一无二的,但同时人类的差异又造就了一个强大而美丽的世界共同体。
答案及剖析:
1.C 设空处前讲述把不同背景的人聚在一起会产生新的想法;设空处后讲述在解决问题时,有更多的理解和方法会更好。C项承上启下,且C项中的a problem与设空处后的an issue相呼应。故选C。
2.D 设空处讲述生活中经历多样性的好处,再结合本段的小标题 Becoming a world citizen 可知,D项承接上文,且D项中的a part of a global society与小标题中的a world citizen相呼应。故选D。
3.B 设空处前讲述通过与陌生人的接触和交流,我们可能会发现彼此之间有很多共同之处,再结合设空处后的“And that is OK,too!”以及下文中讲到越来越熟悉这些差异也可以促进包容可知,B项承上启下,选项中的different与下文中的these differences相呼应。故选B。
4.A 设空处前提出疑问——如果你周围的人在各个方面都和你一模一样会怎么样 A项使用疑问句对前一问句进行递进强调,且引出下文,说明我们需要多样性而不是千篇一律,符合语境。故选A。
5.G 设空处前讲述我们要向世界传播多样性的重要性,且应该带着对差异性的热爱和赞扬来面对世界。G项承接上文内容,且G项中的our differences是对设空处前的our differences的原词复现。故选G。
Ⅲ.语法填空
Crosstalk,xiangsheng in Chinese,is a 1. (tradition) Chinese comedic performing art and one of China’s most popular cultural forms.It’s 2. (general) believed that crosstalk developed sometime in the Qing Dynasty.After the People’s Republic of China 3. (found) in 1949,this art became increasingly popular.Today,it is 4. important part in the CCTV Spring Festival Gala and other countless shows in China.
traditional
generally
was founded
an
There are four 5. (skill) in crosstalk:talking,imitating,
teasing and singing.Most of the time,6. is performed by two actors —one serves as the leading actor while the other plays a supporting role.However,sometimes it is performed as a monologue
(独白),7. is completed by one person mainly telling jokes,
and at other times it is performed by more than two actors,
8. (call) group performance.Crosstalk is humorous and its language is lively and rich 9. puns (双关语).
skills
it
which
called
in
Jump into a taxi in Beijing,and chances are that your driver will be listening to a radio broadcast of a crosstalk show.These days,more and more foreigners are becoming interested in
10. (study) the art of crosstalk.Crosstalk is a huge part of Chinese culture and it appears as if it’s getting even bigger.
语篇导读:本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了相声这一中国传统艺术的起源、发展及其表现形式。
studying
答案及剖析:
1.traditional 考查形容词。设空处应用形容词,修饰后面的名词词组Chinese comedic performing art。故填traditional。
2.generally 考查副词。“It’s generally believed that...”是固定句型,意为“人们通常认为……”。故填generally。
3.was founded 考查动词的时态和语态。主语the People’s Republic of China和found之间是动宾关系,应用被动语态,且发生在过去,应用一般过去时,主语为单数,故填was founded。
4.an 考查冠词。part是可数名词,设空处应用不定冠词表泛指,important以元音音素开头,故填an。
5.skills 考查名词。根据four可知,此处应用名词的复数形式。故填skills。
6.it 考查代词。根据语境可知,设空处指代crosstalk,故填it。
7.which 考查定语从句。设空处引导非限制性定语从句,关系词在从句中作主语,修饰先行词a monologue(独白),指物,应用关系代词which引导。故填which。
8.called 考查非谓语动词。主语it和call之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系,应用过去分词形式。故填called。
9.in 考查介词。“be rich in...”是固定搭配,意为“富有……”。故填in。
10.studying 考查动词-ing形式。介词in后要用动词-ing形式。故填studying。
谢 谢 观 看