(共27张PPT)
Unit 5 What are the shirts made of
Period 3 Section A
(Grammar Focus-4c)
课文导入
同学们，上一课学习的单词你们都掌握了吗？现在大家来检验一下，点击下面的音频开始听写吧！
课文导入
英语里有很多种时态，但却只有两种语态，即主动语态和被动语态，这两种语态的结构和用法有什么不同呢？这节课我们就一起来了解一下。
课文呈现
Are your shirts made of cotton？ Yes，they are. And they were made in the US.
What's the model plane made of？ It's made of used wood and glass.
Where is tea produced in China？ It's produced in many different areas.
How is tea produced？ Tea plants are grown on the sides of mountains. When the leaves are ready，they are picked by hand and then are sent for processing.
Active Voice：People grow tea in Hangzhou. Passive Voice：Tea is grown(by people) in Hangzhou. 课文呈现
plete the sentences with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets.
1．Children under 18 _____________(not allow) to watch
this show without their parents.
2．We ________(pay) by the boss on the last
Friday of each month.
3．A：What language_____________ (speak) in Germany ①
B：Most people speak German, but many can speak English, too.
aren't allowed
are paid
is spoken
没有规矩不成方圆，同学们要守纪律，按规则办事。
温馨提示：此符号表示“考点精讲点拨”链接。
课文呈现
4. Most of the earth’s surface/'s (r)f s/____________ (cover) by water.
5. The classroom______________ (clean) by the students every day.
is covered
is cleaned
on the surface 表面上；从外表看
课文呈现
4b.Rewrite the sentences using the passive voice.
1．Farmers plant the tea on the sides of mountains.
_________________________________________________
2．This shop uses the best materials to make dresses.
_________________________________________________
The tea is planted on the sides of mountains by farmers.
The best materials are used to make dresses by this shop.
课文呈现
3．Careless driving causes many traffic accidents.
___________________________________________________
4．The postman brings letters and postcards to people's homes.
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
5．Our family does not use this silver plate very often.
___________________________________________________
Many traffic accidents are caused by careless driving.
Letters and postcards are brought to people's homes by the postman.
This silver plate is not used very often by our family.
课文呈现
4c.Ask five classmates about something they are wearing or have in their schoolbags. The list of words below may help you.
A: What's your pencil made of
B: It's made of wood.
A: Where was it made
B: It was made in Shanghai.
pencil, jacket, sweater, T- shirt, shoes, cap, gloves, ring...
考点精讲
① What language ________ (speak) in Germany
Germany /'d (r)m ni/ n. 德国
Berlin is the capital of Germany.
柏林是德国的首都。
拓展：German 作名词，意为“德国人；德语”；作形容词，意为“德国（人）的；德语的”。
German 意为“德国人”时，复数形式为Germans。
考点精讲
一语辨异：
The man who is eating German food is a German. He comes from Germany and speaks German.
那个正在吃德国菜的男人是一个德国人。他来自德国，讲德语。
返回
温馨提示：可返回原文
一般现在时的被动语态
单元语法
一般现在时的被动语态 概述 英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态的主语是动作的执行者，被动语态的主语是动作的承受者。
基本结构 am/is/are+ 及物动词的过去分词 1
单元语法
一般现在时的被动 语态 主动语态变被动语态2 主动语态中的宾语变为被动语态的主语
谓语动词改为被动形式，即am/is/are+ 及物动词的过去分词
如果保留原句的主语，放在by 后面，也可省略
句式结构3 不及物动词或词组没有被动语态。
1 基本结构：am/is/are + 及物动词的过去分词
This bike is made in Shanghai.
这辆自行车是在上海制造的。
Many trees are planted by us every year.
我们每年种许多树。
单元语法
注意: 被动语态有时态的变化：只改变be 动词的形式，及物动词的过去分词不变。
单元语法
考题1：[河北] Breakfast ______ every day for people aged over 60 for free in this village.
A. provide B. provided
C. is provided D. was provided
【点拨】本句主语Breakfast 是动作provide 的承受者，结合“every day”可知，是一般现在时，所以用一般现在时的被动语态。
C
单元语法
2 主动语态变被动语态
A French architect designed that museum.
→ That museum was designed by a French architect.
一名法国建筑师设计了那座博物馆。
3 句式结构
单元语法
肯定句 主语+am/is/are+ 及物动词的过去分词+ 其他.
否定句 主语+am/is/are+not+ 及物动词的过去分词+ 其他.
一般疑问句 Am/Is/Are+ 主语+ 及物动词的过去分词+ 其他
特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词+am/is/are+主语+及物动词的过去分词+其他
Books I read are often borrowed from the school library.
我看的书常常是从学校图书馆里借的。
My blouse isn’t made of cotton.
我的衬衣不是棉质的。
Is English spoken by many people in the world
世界上有许多人说英语吗？
What is this kind of sweater made of
这种毛衣是由什么制成的？
单元语法
单元语法
考题2：[兴安盟] —Students in our school ______ to swim in the rivers or lakes alone.
—That’s true. After all，safety must come first.
A. allow B. don’t allow
C. aren’t allowed D. is allowed
【点拨】根据“to swim in the rivers or lakes alone”可知，此处表示学生不应该去河里或湖里游泳，主语Students 与动词allow 是被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动语态。
C
拓展：（1） (易错) 某些含有被动关系的短语
① have/get sth. done 让某事被做
e.g. I usually have my hair cut every two months.
我通常两个月理一次发。（让我的头发被剪）
The boy got his ears pierced.
那个男孩打了耳洞。（让他的耳朵被穿透）
② sth. require(s)/need(s)/want(s) doing 某事需要被做
e.g. Your coat /requires/ needs /wants washing.
你的外套需要洗了。
单元语法
done 为动词的过去分词，作宾语补足语，在逻辑上宾语和do之间是被动关系。
单元语法
考题3：[十堰] 天气太热了! 彼得，去理发吧！
It’s burning hot! Go and ________________________________
______________________________________________, Peter!
【点拨】get/have sth. done 为固定搭配， 意为“ 让某事被做”，get/have your hair cut 意为“理发”，也可表达为get someone to cut your hair。“Go” 为原形在句首构成祈使句，and 连接并列动词，get 或have 也用原形。
get your hair cut/have your hair
cut / get someone to cut your hair
（2） 重点& 易错
不带to 的动词不定式作宾语补足语时，变为被动语态需要带上to，且被动语态中的动作执行者可省略。如：make sb. do → sb. be made to do; see/hear sb. do → sb. be seen/heard to do。
e.g. The boss makes us work 12 hours every day. → We are made to work 12 hours every day. 老板让我们每天工作12 个小时。→我们被迫每天工作12个小时。
单元语法
单元语法
考题4：[达州] My mom makes me do the dishes every day. （改为被动语态）
I am ________ ________ do the dishes every day.
made to
（3）(易错) 主动表被动的情况
① look、sound、smell、taste 等系动词，用主动形式表被动意义；
② 动词want、need 以及短语be worth 等后加动名词时，用主动形式表示被动意义；
③ 某些表示主语内在“品质”或“性能”的不及物动词，如sell, write 等，它们的主语为物时，用主动形式表示被动意义。
单元语法
This cup of orange juice tastes strange.
这杯橙汁尝起来很奇怪。
The radio needs repairing.
这台收音机需要修理。
This kind of car sells well.
这种车卖得好。
单元语法
单元语法
考题5：This pen ________ smoothly.
A. writes B. write
C. is written D. was written
【点拨】write 的主动形式表示被动意义。
A
课堂小结
本节课主要学习了主动语态和被动语态的结构、用法和相互转换，了解了中考对这类题的考查角度，掌握了这类题的做题方法。
