(共83张PPT)
Unit 3 Language in use
Module 9 Population
That’s a huge number.
The small local school in Parkville closed down five years ago, and getting to the nearest school in Arnwick takes her an hour by bus.
It said the world’s population was about 7.8 billion in 2020.
Parkville was near Arnwick, a city with a population of 10,000,000.
Language practice
1. China a) 5,084,000
2. the US b) 25,690,000
3. Australia c) 331, 698,000
4. New Zealand d) 1,411,780,000
1. Work in pairs. Match the countries with their populations in 2020.
China has a population of...
Now listen and check.
2. Read your answers to Activity 1 to the whole class.
Learning to learn
When you see a table or a chart, look carefully at the labels and graphs to make sure that you understand what they are showing. Look at the chart below. What is it comparing What can you conclude
听力材料
1.China has a population of one billion, three hundred and seventy
million, five hundred and thirty–seven thousand.
2. The population of the US is three hundred and fourteen million, seven hundred and ninety–one thousand.
3. Twenty-two million, nine hundred and fifty-six thousand people
live in Australia.
4. Four million, four hundred and thirty-seven thousand people
live in New Zealand.
3. Read the chart and answer the questions.
1. Which city had the largest population in 2018
2. Which city’s population will increase the most from 2018 to 2030
3. Which city will have a larger increase in its population, Mumbai or Cairo
4. Which city/cities do you think will have the biggest population problem Why
Mexico City.
Dhaka.
Cairo.
Dhaka. Because Dhaka has the largest
increase in its population.
Mina is (1) ________ eighteen-year-old girl. ① She has got (2) ________ brother and (3) ________ sister. Mina is (4) ________ oldest child in (5) ________ family. She lives in (6) ________ very big city. She has (7) ________ job in (8) ________ hotel. She hopes that one day she will have (9) ________ chance to go to (10) ________ college.
4. Complete the passage with a , an or the where necessary.
an
a
a
the
the
a
a
a
a
/
温馨提示: 此符号表示“考点精讲点拨”链接。
5. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in the box.
few good much small
1. We believe the schools in Arnwick are very good, and we are working to make them even _________. ②
2. Their flat is too large for two people. They want to find a ________ one.
better
smaller
3. Anna always talks about her ideas. I think she needs to listen _________.
4. There are a lot of parks in this city. I think there are ________ parks in a lot of other cities.
more
fewer
few good much small
6. Complete the diagram. Use the words in the box tohelp you.
air city flat public
service school traffic
From Parkville to Arnwick: problems and solutions
Problems:
·People from Parkville live in ______________________________.
·It ________________ to go to school by bus.
· ________________________________________.
flats outside the centre of Arnwick
takes an hour
There is air pollution
air city flat public
service school traffic
Reasons:
· ___________________________________________.
· ___________________________________________.
· ___________________________________________
___________________________________________.
· ___________________________________________.
People moved to the city to find jobs
It was expensive to live in the city centre
Parkville became part of Arnwick, and the population of Arnwick became even larger.
The traffic is bad
air city flat public
service school traffic
Solutions:
· The government is making a great effort to ____________
_______________________________________________.
· _______________________________________________
_______________________________________________.
· _______________________________________________.
solve Arnwick’s problems with better public services
There will be more schools, so pupils won’t need to travel far.
The government is reducing air pollution from traffic.
7. Complete the passage with the words in the box.
Our world is facing many problems. Two of the biggest are increasing population and pollution.
The (1) ______________of the world is increasing quickly. Many people are leaving the (2) ____________ to work in the cities, but there is not enough (3) _________ for so many people.
countryside pollution population space traffic
population
countryside
space
Another huge problem for the world is (4) _____________. There is so much (5) _____________on the roads that in some cities the air is heavily polluted. ③ We should work harder to protect our world.
pollution
traffic
countryside pollution population space traffic
8. Complete the sentences with the expressions in the box.
all over the world closed down in the future
it takes not... any more
1 Growing population is a problem_________________.
2 The population of the world may grow more slowly
.
all over the world
in the future
3 The supermarket when a bigger one
opened in the town.
4 Usually an hour to get there by bus.
5 The town had a lot of pollution in the past but it is
a problem .
closed down
it takes
not
any more
all over the world closed down in the future
it takes not...any more
when引导的时间状语从句
a） It is cheaper to share a car than to have a personal car.□
b） People in a car club do not often take buses, trains or the
underground.□
c） There are no car clubs in the US.□
d） Joining car clubs is good for you and for the city. □
9. Listen and choose the best summary.
d
听力材料
Joining car clubs is a good way to get around in cities. There are many car clubs in the US. You can use a car when you want to, and it’s cheaper than having a personal car.
You only pay for the car when you drive it. You don’t always use the car because sometimes you can take a bus, or walk or ride
a bike. This is healthier for the city, as there will be fewer cars on the road. It is also healthier for you.
1. Joining a car club is cheaper/more expensive than having a personal car.
2. People in car clubs pay for/do not pay for a car when they drive.
3. People in car clubs sometimes/never take a bus or ride a bike.
4. People in car clubs probably are/are not healthier.
10. Listen again and choose the correct answer.
________
_______
___________
____
听力材料
Joining car clubs is a good way to get around in cities. There are many car clubs in the US. You can use a car when you want to, and it’s cheaper than having a personal car.
You only pay for the car when you drive it. You don’t always use the car because sometimes you can take a bus, or walk or ride
a bike. This is healthier for the city, as there will be fewer cars on the road. It is also healthier for you.
Do you think car clubs would be popular in China Why/Why not
11. Work in pairs and discuss this question.
I think car clubs will be popular in China. People can use a car when they need to, and it’s cheaper than having a personal car. Besides, this is good for the environment and the people. （答案不唯一，示例供参考）
World population and water
Around the world
With more and more people in the world, more and more water is used. ④ In fact, water use is growing more than twice as fast as the world’s population! As a result, getting good, clean water is becoming a problem in many places. ⑤
A lot of water is polluted and in many areas people have to walk a long way to get clean water for daily use. More than 3.4 million people die each year from drinking and washing with polluted water. ⑥ So let’s do everything we can to stop the pollution and save water.
过去分词作定语
12. Work in groups. Prepare to make your graph.
Module task: Making a graph
Choose a country or town which interests you. It could be your home town.
Decide the points of time you want to look at—for example, now, ten years ago and ten years from now.
Research the population of your place in those years. Write your notes carefully.
Decide how you want to make your graph.
Draw it and colour it. You can also make it on the computer.
Label it clearly.
13. Make your graph.
how 引导的宾语从句
范例：In the graph, we can see how the population in the town changed between 1900 and 2000. We can see the population going up the vertical line and the years going across the horizontal line. The graph shows the population increased by more than one hundred percent from two and a half million to five million in one hundred years. At first it increased very slowly, but after 1945 it increased much more quickly. From 1990 to 2000, the population even increased by one million. The town itself also grew in size during this time.
14. Write a paragraph to describe your graph.
15. Present your graph to the class.
eighteen-year-old 十八岁的
“数词- 名词- 形容词”中形容词通常为long，wide，tall，old，deep 等，作定语修饰其后名词。
e.g. He is a ten-year-old boy. 他是一个十岁的男孩。
We’ll have a five-day holiday. 我们将有一个五天的假期。
“ 数词- 名词” 也可以表示复合形容词。
知识点
1
Mina is an eighteen-year-old girl.
词与词之间有连字符“-”，名词要用单数形式。
考题1：[连云港] The _______ Lianyungang-Xuzhou High-speed Railway was open to the public this year.
A. 180 kilometer long B. 180 kilometers long
C. 180-kilometer-long D. 180-kilometers-long
【点拨】考查复合形容词的用法，带有连字符的情况下，中间的名词不能为复数。
C
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温馨提示:可返回原文
even/'i vn/ adv. 还，甚至更
放在比较级前，用来表示程度，加强比较。
e.g. You know even more about the history than I do.
你对历史的了解甚至比我都多。
知识点
2
... we are working to make them even better.
even 作为副词，不能引导从句，且应放在所修饰词前
拓展：even 作副词，还可意为“甚至；连；即使”，用于强调出乎意料。
e.g. He doesn’t even remember anything about the accident!
他甚至记不起来关于这场事故的任何事情！
考题2：[ 吉林改编] The Zhuang people like singing _________（甚至）more than talking.
even
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so...that... 如此……以至于……
① so + many/much/few/ little+ 名词+that...
② so + adj. /adv. +that...
③ so + adj. +a/an+ 可数名词单数+that...
知识点
3
There is so much traffic on the roads that in some
cities the air is heavily polluted.
e.g. She said it so many times that she came to believe it.
她说了如此多遍以至于她都相信了。
He runs so fast that we can’t catch up with him.
他跑得太快，我们赶不上他。
She is so shy a girl that she can’t even look at people in the eye.
她是如此害羞的一个女孩，甚至不敢看人的眼睛。
拓展：当that 后的从句表达否定意义时，可与too... to... /not... enough to... 互相转换。表达“如此……以至于……”的还有such(+a/an)+adj. +n. +that 从句，注意与so... that... 区分。
e.g. The man is so weak that he can’t swim across the river. =The man is too weak to swim across the river. 这个人太虚弱了，不能游过那条河。
You have made such great progress in English learning that we
are all proud of you. 你在英语学习方面取得了如此大的进步，我们都为你感到骄傲。
考题3：[遂宁] The city Zibo is _______ popular _______ many people want to go there for a trip this year.
A. so; that B. such; that
C. too; to D. very; that
【点拨】此处考查so + adj.+ that 结构，表达“如此……以至于……”；such... that...“ 如此…… 以至于”，such 后用名词词组；too...to...“太……而不能……”，to 后用动词原形；D 无此结构。根据句子结构可知用so... that...。
A
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more and more 越来越多
其后可加名词表示“越来越多的……”，其后也可加形容词原级表示“越来越……”，属于比较级+and+ 比较级结构。
知识点
4
With more and more people in the world , more and
more water is used.
e.g. Chinese is spoken by more and more people in the world.
世界上越来越多的人讲汉语。
The park is getting more and more beautiful because more kinds of flowers are planted every year.
因为每年有更多种类的花种到这个公园里面，它变得越来越漂亮了。
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as a result 结果；因此
其后通常用逗号与后面的句子隔开
知识点
5
As a result, getting good, clean water is becoming
a problem in many places.
as a result of 为固定短语，后接名词、代词或动词的-ing形式，相当于because of。
e.g. When meeting difficulties, he fought strongly and never gave up. As a result, he succeeded.
遇到困难时，他顽强抗争，从不放弃。结果，他成功了。
He was late as a result of the heavy snow.
由于大雪他迟到了。
考题4：He got up late. _______, he was late for school.
A. As a result of B. All in all
C. As a result D. First of all
C
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die from 死于……
e.g. It’s reported that thousands of people die from illegal driving each year.
据报道，每年有成千上万的人死于非法驾驶。
The old man died of cancer.
这位老人死于癌症。
知识点
6
More than 3.4 million people die each year from
drinking and washing with polluted water.
☆不同的死因
die from 多指死于外因，主要指事故等方面的外部原因
die of 多指死于内部疾病等自身原因
考题5：Do you know that over 100,000 people ________smoking every year in Britain
A. die of B. die from C. die away D. die out
【点拨】die of 主要指死于疾病等自身原因；die from 主要指死于外部原因；die away 减弱；die out 灭绝，根据句意可知，用die from。
B
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冠词
一、定冠词的基本用法
(1) 表示上文提到过的人或事物
e.g. I have a book, and the book is written by Shakespeare.
我有一本书，这本书是莎士比亚写的。
(2) 用于说话人和听话人都知道的人或物
e.g. The book must be Tina’s, because her name is on it.
这本书一定是蒂娜的，因为她的名字在上面。
(3) 用于指世界上独一无二的事物
e.g. the earth 地 球，the sun 太 阳，the moon 月亮
(4) 用于表示方位的名词前面
e.g. in the front of 在 ……前面，in the east 在东方，on the left 在左边
(5) 用于序数词或形容词最高级前
e.g. In the first photo is my friend.
第一张照片里是我的朋友。
She is the most beautiful student in her class.
她是班里最漂亮的学生。
(6) 用于普通名词构成的专有名词前
e.g. the Great Wall 长城
(7) 用于形容词前，表示一类人或物
e.g. We should help the old. 我们应该帮助老人。
(8) 用于江河、海洋、海峡、山脉、群岛、建筑物等名词前
e.g. the Changjiang River 长江，the Pacific Ocean 太平洋
(9) 用于姓氏复数形式前，表示“一家人”或“夫妇两人”
e.g. The Smiths enjoy having dinner out on the weekend.
史密斯一家喜欢周末在外面吃晚饭。
(10) 用于乐器类名词前
e.g. Lucy likes playing the piano. 露西喜欢弹钢琴。
(11) in + the + 年份复数形式，表示“在……世纪……年代”
e.g. This play was written in the 1920s. 这个剧本写于20 世纪20 年代。
(12) 用在一些固定短语中
e.g. in the morning 在 早晨；in the end 最后；
by the way 顺便提一下；at the same time 同时
速记小法
歌诀巧记定冠词用法：
特指双熟悉，上文已提及，世上独一无二，序数最高级，某些专有名，习语及乐器。
考题1：[朝阳] —Lucy, what club do you want to join
—I want to join the music club because I can play _________violin.
A. an B. a C. the D. 不填
【点拨】乐器前要用the。
C
二、不定冠词的基本用法
(1) 泛指人或事物的某一种类
e.g. It is necessary to wear a helmet when we are riding a bicycle. 当我们在骑自行车时，戴头盔是必要的。
I want to be a scientist. 我想成为一名科学家。
(2) 指某一人或事物，但不具体说明
e.g. He is a student in our school. 他是我们学校的一名学生。
(3) 用于一些表示重量、长度、时间等的单位名词前，表示“每一”
e.g. I go to the library once a week. 我一周去一次图书馆。
(4) 表数量，相当于 one，但语气较弱，或表示任何一个
e.g. I got a beautiful card from my father.
我爸爸给了我一个漂亮的卡片。
(5) 使抽象名词具体化
e.g. She is a beauty. 她是个美人儿。
(6) 在一些固定搭配中
e.g. a little 一点；a few 一些；have a look 看一看；
have a good time 玩得开心
小贴士：
可数名词单数前用a 还是an, 根据读音，而不是字母。a 用在以辅音音素开头的单词前，如a city, a university; an 用在以元音音素开头的单词前，如an honest boy。
考题2：This is _______ book. _______ book is Linda’s.
A. a; An B. an; The
C. a; The D. /; An
【点拨】第一空表示泛指，且book 以辅音音素开头，用a，第二空指前文提到过的书，用The。
C
三、零冠词的基本用法
(1) 表示泛指种类的复数名词之前
e.g. I like books. 我喜欢书。
(2) 不含普通名词的专有名词前
e.g. Mary is from London. 玛丽来自伦敦。
(3) 名词前有指示代词、物主代词或名词所有格修饰时
e.g. This is my best friend. 这是我最好的朋友。
(4) 季节、月份、星期等名词前一般不用冠词
e.g. How can I make my home cool in summer
在夏天我怎么能让我的房间变得凉爽？
(5) 称呼用语前不用冠词
e.g. What’s the matter, Mom 怎么了，妈妈？
(6) 一日三餐前不用冠词
e.g. He didn’t have dinner this night. 他今天晚上没吃晚饭。
(7) 球类运动和棋类的名词前不用冠词
e.g. Do you want to know more about how to play soccer 你想了解更多关于怎么踢足球吗？
(8) 在一些成对出现的词语前不用冠词
e.g. We are brother and sister. 我们是兄妹。
(9) 一些名词前不加冠词表示有特定的意义
e.g. go to school 去上学，go to the school 去这所学校，
go to hospital 去医院看病，go to the hospital 去这所医院 (不一定看病 ) 类似的有 bed, table, class, university 等。
速记小法
巧记零冠词用法
下列情况应免冠，代词限定名词前，专有名词不可数，复数名词表泛指，学科球类与三餐，季节星期月份前，颜色语种和地名，称呼习语及头衔。
考题3： [益阳] —Shall we play ________ soccer this afternoon
— Sounds good, but I don’t have soccer ball.
A. the; a B. a; the C. /; a
C
数词
一、基数词表达法
范围 特点 例词
1 ～ 12 无规律 one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve
13 ～ 19 以 -teen结尾 thirteen, fourteen, fif-teen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen
范围 特点 例词
20 ～ 90之间的整十数 以 -ty 结尾 twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty, ninety
21 ～ 99之间的两位数( 整十位除外 ) 十位与个位之间 要加连字符“-” twenty-five,
ninety-nine
101～ 999 百位和十位之间 通常用 and 连接 one hundred and eleven
范围 特点 例词
千以上 从后向前每三位加 一 个 逗 号，第 一 个 逗 号 读thousand， 第 二个读 million，第三 个 读 billion，然后一节一节读 four thousand two hundred and fifty-five (4,255)
速记小法
巧记英语基数词
英语数词不难记，找出规律就容易。
一至十二各不同，一个一个单独记。
后面加-teen 变十几，thirteen，fifteen 辨仔细。
eighteen 只有一个t，两个音节辨清晰。
二十至九十加-ty，twenty 不同重点记。
forty 去掉字母u，thirty, fifty 更出奇。
十位数后个位数，表示数词几十几。
按序排列不费力，连字符号莫丢弃。
巧学妙记加努力，HUNDRED 是你的好成绩！
考题4：[鞍山] —We should try to devote（献身于） ourselves to our country like Yuan Longping.
—I think so. He still worked on the research into agriculture（农业）at the age of ________.
A. eighties B. eightieth
C. eighty D. eighty-year-old
C
二、序数词表达法
范围 特点 例词
1、2、3 无规律 first, second, third
4 ～ 19 一般在基数词后加 -th fourth, fifth, eighth, ninth,
twelfth, nineteenth
20 ～ 90 整十数 把基数词后的-y变成-ie，再加 -th twentieth, ninetieth
21 及 其后 的 两位数（整十数除外） 个位数用序数 词，十位数用基数词 21st: twenty-fi rst,
65th: sixty-fifth
速记小法
巧记英语序数词
基变序，有规律；一二三，单独记；
八减-t，九去-e，-ve 要用-f 替；
整十基数变序数，-ty 先改-tie，-th 最后加上去；
要是遇到两位数，十位基数个位序。
考题5： [ 齐齐哈尔改编] — It is the _______ time I have visited the Sun Island. I’m really excited.
—Really I can’t believe it. You’ve been in Harbin for a year.
A. one B. first C. ones D. firsts
B
序数词前出现不定冠词时，表示“又一，再一”的意思。
e.g. I have tried it three times. Can I try a fourth time
我已经试了三次了。我可以再试第四次吗？
三、分数表达法巧记
1/2: a half/one half
1/4: a fourth/one fourth/a quarter/one quarter
3/4: three quarters/three fourths
速记小法
分数表达法
英语分数不费事，母序子基四个字。
分子若是大于一，分母还需加-s。
考题6：The number of the students in this school ______ five hundred, and about _______of them like creative English homework.
A. is; three-fifth B. is; three-fifths
C. are; three-fifth D. are; three-fifths
【点拨】 The number of... 作主语时谓语动词用单数；英语中，分数的分子用基数词，分母用序数词；分子大于一时，分母用复数形式。
B
随着国家实施鼓励一对夫妇可生育三个孩子的政策后，某校就“是否想要个弟弟或妹妹”对部分学生进行了一次问卷调查。请你根据此结果写一份调查报告，并适当阐述你的观点。
模块话题
1. not feel lonely any more
2. help each other, share happiness
and sadness
3. ...
Do you want a little brother or sister
For(40%)
Against(60%)
1. worry about parents’ love
2. bother ( 打扰) his/her studying
3. ...
Recently, a survey has been made in our school on whether you want a little brother or sister. The opinions are different.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
本文要求根据调查问卷写一份调查报告，故时态以一般现在时为主，人称为第三人称和第一人称。所呈现的调查报告已明确给出写作思路：支持方的观点，反对方的观点，最后阐述自己的观点。
审题指导（把握中心，得方向分）
写作方法（学会方法，巧得高分）
三步法：
第一步：开篇点题；
第二步：陈述观点及原因；
第三步：表明自己的观点。
写作模板（学会套路，得基本分）
“三步法”写问卷调查类文章 开篇点题 Recently, a survey has ...
陈述观点 及原因 · 40% of the students want a little brother or sister ,because they think that they won’t feel lonely any more.
· But the rest of the students disagree with this point. They worry that ... They also afraid that their little brother will bother their studying.
表明观点 In my opinion, it is hard to say whether it is good or bad to have a brother or sister .
经典词句（妙用句式，得出彩分）
单词 result // happiness // sadness // freedom //rest // point // love // bother // studying //respect // choice
短语 not ... any more // each other // share...with... // what’s more // pay attention to //disagree with // worry about // in my opinion
句型 1. Here are the results.
2. If they have a little brother or sister, they will help each other and share the happiness and sadness with each other.
3. They are also afraid that their little brother or sister will bother their studying.
4. In my opinion, it is hard to say whether it is good or bad to have a brother or sister.
Recently, a survey has been made in our school on whether you want a little brother or sister. The opinions are different.
Here are the results. 40% of the students want a little brother or sister, because they think that they won't feel lonely any more. If they have a little brother or sister, they will help each other and share the happiness and sadness with each other. What’s more, they think they will get more freedom, because their parents will not pay all their attention to them.
范文赏析（书写工整，得印象分）
But the rest of the students disagree with this point. They worry that the little brother or sister will take away the love of their parents. They are also afraid that their little brother or sister will bother their studying.
In my opinion, it is hard to say whether it is good or bad to have a brother or sister. But we should respect our parents' choices. After all, they are the persons who should make the final decision.
本文运用了“三步法”写一份调查报告，首先，开篇点题，然后，陈述他人的观点；最后阐述自己的观点。全文层次分明，行文连贯，语言丰富。
名师点评
①运用短语“not... any more”,“feel lonely”表达赞成的原因之一；
② 运用短语“help each other”,“share the happiness and sadness”表达赞成的原因之二；
③运用短语“take away the love”表达反对的原因之一；
④运用短语“bother their studying”表达反对的原因之二；
⑤ 过渡性词语“What’s more”和“In my opinion”的运用使文章自然流畅。
添彩点：
