03 高考单词C（2015-2024）十年高考英语3500单词分字母汇编（高考真句+故事记忆法）

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
高考单词C（解析版）
目录
高考单词C 1
故事记忆法 75
class [klɑ s] n. 班级；课程；阶级；等级；
【真句】I think I might sign up for the air-conditioning class myself. 【2023年四省联考】我想我可以自己报名参加空调课了。
【真句】In contrast to the court life and upper-class culture represented by the Forbidden City, the Summer Palace, and the Temple of Heaven, the hutongs reflect the culture of grassroots Beijingers.【2023年1月浙江卷】与以紫禁城、颐和园和天坛为代表的宫廷生活和上层阶级文化相比，这些胡同反映了草根北京人的文化。
【真句】In an online class, developing healthy patterns of communication with professors is very important.【2019全国3】在在线课程中，与讲师发展健康的交流模式是非常重要的。
【真句】And the more we look, the more we will see that social factors（因素） like gender, race, and class do not determine the appearance of genius. 【2021全国甲卷】我们看得越多，就越能看到性别、种族和阶级等社会因素（因素）并不能决定天才的外表。
【真句】 a world-class effective method【2020北京】一种世界级的有效方法
classify [ kl s fa ] v. 把……分类
【助记】学校把学生分为不同的群体，即“班级”。学校的每个“班级”都会“上课”。而把物的价值分类，就是为这些事物分“等级”。把社会上的人分类，则表示“阶级，阶层”。而在飞机上会分不同的等级的“座位”。（first / business/ economy class）.
【真句】Research findings have shown that about 20 percent of people can be classified as “night owls”. 【2014四川】研究发现20%的人可以被分类为夜猫子。
【真句】There will still be lots of challenges if we are to classified garbage in a short time.【2020江苏】如果我们在短时间内对垃圾进行分类，仍然会有很多挑战。
channel [ t n( )l] n.频道；通道；水渠
【真句】People believe writing poems provides a channel through which they can express their feelings.【2020天津】 人们相信写诗提供了一个渠道，他们可以通过它来表达他们的感情。
【助记】体现了英语中C和Ch互换关系。
cell [sel] n.（监狱的）单人牢房；（修道院等的）单人小室；（蜂巢的）小蜂窝，蜂房；［生物］ 细胞
【真句】the fat cell 【2020江苏】脂肪细胞
【真句】...cell phones can be turned off or telephone calls not answered.可以关掉手机或不接电话。
cellar [ sel (r)] n. 地窖；地下储藏室
calculate[ k lkjule t]计算；预测，预计
【真句】To calculate your speed as you do, divide 3,600(the number of seconds in an hour)by the number of seconds it takes you to travel one mile(the distance between two mileposts).【2023年1月浙江卷】要计算你的速度，用3600（一小时的秒数）除以你走一英里所需的秒数（两个里程标之间的距离）。
【真句】It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure.【2022年6月全国乙卷】据计算，仅欧洲铁路每年就花费约200亿欧元用于维修，包括派遣维修人员（通常是在夜间）检查和修理铁路基础设施。
【真句】It is calculated by dividing a person's weight in kg by their height in meters squared...【2021年1月浙江卷】它的计算方法是用一个人的体重除以身高和米的平方。
【真句】It is calculated by the amount of greenhouse gas we produce in our daily lives.【2021年1月8省联考】它是根据我们在日常生活中产生的温室气体的量来计算的。
【真句】They calculated that due to the global warming the forest is producing 47 tons of wood each year. 【2015上海选词填空】他们预计由于全球变暖，森林每年产47吨垃圾。
calculate的名词形式：calculation 计算
call [k l] v. 名叫，叫作；把……叫作；喊，叫；打电话；n. 电话
【真句】He decided to build what he would later call an eco-machine.【2023新高考1卷】他决定建造一种后来被他称为生态机器的机器。
【真句】It's a call she must handle alone...【2022年1月浙江卷】她必须独自处理这个电话...
【真句】The lady would get a call from a stranger every morning...【2020年7月天津卷】这位女士每天早上都会接到一个陌生人的电话。
【真句】The earth is surrounded by a layer of air called the atmosphere.【2014江西阅读】地球被一层叫作大气的空气层所包围。
【真句】Rainforests are often called the world’s drug store.【2014安徽阅读】雨林经常被叫作世界药店。
【真句】Why does the man call the woman 【2013安徽】为什么那位男士给女士打电话。
短语：call A B把A称之为B
【真句】Rainforests are often called the world’s drug store.【2014安徽阅读】雨林经常被叫作世界药店。
contrary [ k ntr ri] adj. 相反的 n. 相反
【真句】And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions (份), it's the beanpoles with big appetites you really need to avoid.【2020年山东卷】与现有的研究相反，你应该避免和体重较重的人一起吃饭，他们点的份很大，你真正需要避免的是胃口大的豆杆。
【真句】Being too anxious to help an event develop often results in the contrary to our intention. 太急于帮助一个事件的发展，结果往往与我们的初衷背道而驰。
【助记】country原义是“相对于他国而言的本国土地，即国家”。country→counter/contr- （=against对立，相反）
【拓展】country [ k ntr ] n. 国家；农村，乡下 （古希腊时代，相对于城市而言，城市的对立面就是乡村，（广大的）国土。）
countryside [ k ntr sa d] n. 乡下，农村
calm [kɑ:m] adj. (人)镇静的；（地点、时期，局势）稳定的，平静的；（水面）平静的 v. （使）平静，（使）镇定
【真句】The deep, gentle voice helped calm the nervous girl.【2020.7天津】那低沉而温柔的声音使这个紧张的女孩平静了下来。
【真句】And the crowd desires only the calm and restful average. 【2020.7天津】群众渴望的只是平静和安宁的普通人。
【真句】 In recent years, scientists have finally begun to find proof that contact with animals can increase a sick person's chance of survival and has been shown to lower heart rate, calm upset children, and get people to start a conversation.【2017.06上海卷】近年来，科学家终于开始找到证据，证明与动物接触可以增加病人存活的机会，并已被证明可以降低心率，平息不安的孩子，并让人们开始交谈。
【真句】Happy and calm is the man who takes all these possibilities into consideration and arrives at the appointment either early or on time.【2015陕西阅读】那些考虑到这些责任并且在约会时准时或提前到达的人是开心与镇静的。
【真句】He enjoyed the beauty of the calm sea.【2015湖北阅读】他很喜欢美丽的平静的大海。
【真句】One moment it was quiet and calm in the forest, the next, the air was charged with tension.【2014重庆阅读】有一段时间森林非常平静，接着空气中充满了紧张的氛围。
【真句】She calmed me.【2013四川完形】她让我平静下来。
短语：calm down （使）平静；（使）镇定
camel [ k ml] n. 骆驼
camera [ k m r ] n. 照相机；摄像机
【真句】...I like it to be through a camera with a telephoto lens.【2020年7月浙江卷】我喜欢它是通过一个长焦镜头的相机。
【真句】Patient as I was, after about 15 minutes, my camera scanning the sun and reviewing the shot I would eventually take, I grew frustrated.【2017天津】我很有耐心，大约15分钟后，我的相机扫视着太阳，回顾着我最终要拍的照片。
【真句】The next time, I had my camera ready to record what you see here, one of several dozen such pictures. 【2015四川卷】下次，我准备好用相机记录你在这里看到的，几十张这样的照片中的一张。
camp [k mp] n.营地 v.露营
【真句】During the war, my husband was stationed at an army camp in a desert in California.【2016浙江完形】在战争期间，我的丈夫驻扎在加利福尼亚的一个沙漠的军营里面。
【真句】Finding the right spot to camp is the first step to guaranteeing a good night’s sleep.【2014北京阅读】找到好的地点去露营是保证晚上好的睡眠的第一步。
campaign [k m pe n] n. 活动；运动
【真句】It’s thanks to these TV chefs rather than any advertising campaign that Britons are turning away from meat-and-two-veg and ready-made meals and becoming more adventurous in their cooking habits.【2023全国乙卷】多亏了这些电视厨师，而不是任何广告宣传，英国人正在远离一荤两素和现成的饭菜，在烹饪习惯上变得更有冒险精神。
【真句】Whaley got the idea of this second-grade presidential campaign project when he asked the children one day to raise their hands if they thought they could never be a president. 【2019全国1卷】有一天，沃利要求孩子们举手，如果他们认为自己永远不可能成为总统的话，他就想到了这个二级总统竞选项目。
【真句】Now Mr. Anderson has set up an online campaign to raise money for Mr. Smith and other homeless people in the area, which by yesterday had received 8,000.【2018北京卷】现在，安德森在网上发起了一个为史密斯和该地区其他无家可归的人筹款的活动，截至昨天，他已经收到了8000英镑的捐款。
【真句】The campaign itself changed the traditional advertising style of the fast-food industry.【2013山东阅读】活动本身改变了快餐行业的传统广告风格。
【真句】A public-health campaign has greatly reduced the number of heart disease deaths by 80 percent over the past three decades.【2013湖北 阅读】公共健康运动在过去的3年将心脏疾病的死亡率减少了80%。
campus [ k mp s] n. 校园，校区
【真句】Most universities host welcome events before the academic year officially begins, including freshmen orientations （迎新会），campus picnics, and entertainments like concerts.【2021.6天津卷】大多数大学会在学年正式开始前举办欢迎活动，包括新生迎新会、校园野餐和音乐会等娱乐活动。
【真句】When starting college, most students enjoy a week's stay on campus before classes actually begin.【2021.6天津卷】上大学时，大多数学生喜欢在正式上课前在校园里呆上一周。
【真句】Campus Security is available to assist 24 hours, 7 days a week. If you see anything suspicious, please call Campus Security on 0800863800.【2019天津】校园保安每周7天、每天24小时提供协助。如发现可疑情况，请拨打校园保安电话0800863800。
【真句】As a first-year, I was afraid to make any noise towards campus issues that I noticed.作为一个大一新生，我害怕对我注意到的校园问题发出任何声音。
can [k n] n. 能够；可能 n. 罐
【真句】You can also bike along lovely landscapes outside of Amsterdam. 【2023新高考1卷】你也可以沿着阿姆斯特丹郊外美丽的风景骑车。
【真句】You can buy your ticket in a MacBike shop or book online.【2023新高考1卷】你可以在MacBike商店买票，也可以在网上订票。
canal [k n l] n. 运河
cancer [ k ns r] n. 癌
conventional [k n ven n l] adj. 传统的 （走到一起→大家都走的→传统的）
【助记】con-一起， vent-走。共同走到一起→“大”会，“大会”必然制定“公约”，“公约”必然会成为行事的“惯例、习俗”。
【真句】Conventional air pollution monitors are normally fixed on lampposts at about nine feet in the air. 【2020北京】传统的空气污染监测器通常安装在约9英尺高的路灯柱上。
【真句】...a small aircraft uses ＄400 on conventional fuel for a 100-mile flight.【2020天津】 一架小型飞机在100英里飞行中使用400$常规燃料。
cancel [ k ns l] vt. 取消
【真句】When enough of these errors are averaged together, they cancel each other out, resulting in a more accurate estimate. 【2023新高考1卷】当足够多的这些误差被平均在一起时，它们就会相互抵消，从而得到更准确的估计。
【真句】The two sets of waves cancel each other out.【2020.7天津】这两组波相互抵消。
candidate [ k nd d t] n. 候选人，申请人
There is no doubt that this candidate’s advantage lies in his ability to communicate with foreigners in English.【2015湖北】毫无疑问该候选人的优势在于他用英语与外国人交流的能力。
Please send us all the information that you have about the candidate for the position.【2014陕西】请发送你有的关于该岗位的申请人的信息。
同义词：applicant 申请人
candle [ k nd l] n. 蜡烛
candy [ k nd ] n. 糖果
canteen [k n ti n] n. 餐厅；食堂
cap [k p] n.帽子；盖；笔套
capital [ k p t l] n.首都，省会；资本，资金
China prefers that the other countries pay in natural resources rather than with capital investment. 【2015江苏阅读】中国希望其他国家用自然资源付款而不是进行资本投资。
capsule [ k psju l] n. 胶囊；太空舱
captain [ k pt n] n.上校；船长；队长
caption [ k p n] n.说明文字
car [kɑ r] n. 汽车
carbon [ kɑ b n] n. 碳
We are passionate about reducing waste, carbon and chemicals in our environment...【2024年6月新课标全国Ⅱ卷】我们热衷于减少环境中的废物、碳和化学品。。。
card [kɑ d] n.卡片；纸牌
care [ke ] n. 照顾，照料；保养，护理；小心，谨慎； v. 在乎
【真句】Her husband worked two jobs to cover the bills, and her 68-year-old mother helped take care of the children at times.【2020年新高考全国Ⅰ卷(山东卷）】她的丈夫打两份工来支付账单，她68岁的母亲有时帮助照顾孩子。
【真句】...they could work the farm, take care of the herd, run errands...【2019.6上海】他们可以在农场干活，照顾牧群，跑腿...
【真句】The chances of living long are much higher due to better diets and health care.【2015广东完形】由于更好的饮食和健康护理，长寿的可能性更高了。
短语: care about v. 在乎，关心
They recycle their garbage because they care about the environment.【2014重庆阅读】他们回收垃圾是因为他们在乎环境。
care for 照顾，照料；
【真句】...they could care for children younger than themselves...【2019.06上海】..他们可以照顾比他们自己还小的孩子...
I made the choice to withdraw from college to care for grandma.【2015天津阅读】我做出了辍学照顾祖母的决定
take care 保重；小心
Why is there the need to take care when you are doing the experiment 【2014江西阅读】为什么当你做实验的时候你要小心？
take care of 照看；处理
【真句】You have to organize the activities of the children and take care of the bills and groceries.【2020.7浙江】你必须组织孩子们的活动，并照顾账单和杂货。
【真句】Repairing our possessions and changing our spending habits may be the best way to reduce the amount of rubbish and take care of our environment.【2015年安徽完形】也许修理我们的财物和改变我们的消费习惯是减少垃圾数量和照看环境的最好方式。
【真句】While taking care of his wound, I asked him if he had another doctor’s appointment.【2015全国一完形】当处理他的伤口的时候，我问他是否有另一个医生的预约。
care的三个形容词：careful; careless; caring
caring [ ke r ] adj. 关心他人的
She was a very caring mother.【2016四川语法填空】她是一个非常有爱心的妈妈。
careless [ ke l s] adj. 粗心的，不小心的；随意的，漫不经心的
Careless medical treatment may cause great pain.【2015湖北阅读】粗心的治疗会导致很大的痛苦。
She is careless about her appearance.【2015天津阅读】她不在乎她的外貌。
component [k m p n nt] n. 零件，组成部分
【真句】Its basic components are used as fertilizer, and so will enrich the soil.【2012湖南】他的基本成分被用作肥料并且将会使土壤肥沃。
【2020天津】 the electric component电气零部件
careful [ ke f l] adj. 小心的，谨慎的;细心的
【真句】 It is important to take careful notes during class.【2022年6月新高考1卷】上课时仔细记笔记是很重要的。
【真句】Be especially careful of information contained in advertisements.【2014北京阅读】要尤其警惕广告里面的信息。
【真句】The worldwide supply of water needs careful management, especially in agriculture.【2015安徽阅读】
全世界水的供应需要细心的管理，尤其在农业方面
用法：be careful with/of/about 小心……
【真句】You must be careful with the camera. It costs! 【2015年四川】拿相机要小心点，它很贵的！
career [k r ] n. 职业
【真句】That movie led him into the second half of his career where his comedic presence alone could make a movie a financial success even when movie reviewers would not rate it highly.【2021年6月浙江卷】那部电影使他进入了职业生涯的后半期，他的喜剧表演本身就可以使一部电影在经济上取得成功，即使影评人对它的评价并不高。
【真句】The mother is successful in her career.【2015天津阅读】这位母亲在她的职业中非常成功。
carpenter [ kɑ p nt ] n.木匠
carpet [ kɑ p t] n. 地毯
carriage [ k r d ] n. 四轮马车;（火车）客车厢
carrot [ k r t] n.胡萝卜
carry [ k r ] v. 提，拿，搬，送；携带；写有，印有；具有（某种特质）；刊登，报道
【真句】Please carry your card with you at all times.【2020.5天津】请随时随身携带您的卡。
【真句】As usually I helped him carry his bags into his study.【2015年陕西完形】和往常一样我把他的包送到他的书房。
【真句】Letters to the editor must carry the writer’s full name, address and telephone number, although the information is not necessary for publication.【2014江西阅读】给编辑的信必须带有作者的全名、地址和电话，尽管这些对与出版并不要紧。
【真句】A major French newspaper carried an article announcing the death of Alfred Nobel.【2014广东完形】 一份法国的主要报纸刊登了一篇宣布Alfred Nobel死亡的文章。
carry的名词: carrier n. 搬运者；媒介
短语：carry out 实施（含有此意的词有：perform, conduct）
【真句】The research should be carried out in kindergartens.【2014山东阅读】该研究应该在幼儿园实施。
carry on （with） 继续，继续走
【真句】The bad habit will carry on throughout their lives.【2012安徽阅读】这个坏习惯将贯穿他们一生。
carry over 继续下去
【真句】This knowledge carries over in their attitude toward their future relationships.【2015全国一七选五】这一知识在他们未来关系的态度得以延续。
carry的名词：carrier 搬运者；搬运工具
cartoon [kɑ tu n] n. 动画片，卡通
I let my line drawings turn into cartoons I send to friends.【2024年6月北京卷】我让我的线条画变成漫画，然后发给朋友们。
carve [kɑ v] vt.刻，雕刻
case [ke s] n. 情况；案例；箱子；病例
【真句】It is reported that the police will soon look into the case of the two missing children.【2014江西】据报道，警察将很快调查两个儿童失踪的案例。
【真句】He reported the case to the police and then sat there, lost and lonely in strange city.【2014全国一阅读】他将他的情况告诉了警方然后坐在那儿，感到孤单迷茫。
【真句】On his way out, Broad's glance happened to fall on an exhibiting case showing some old newspapers.【2014湖南阅读】在他出去的路上，他碰巧注意到了陈列旧报纸的展览箱
【真句】There has been a drop in new AIDS cases in wealthy nations.【2012湖北阅读】发达国家的艾滋病例已经减少了。
短语：in … case 在……情况下
【真句】Some of the railroad sections were developed while others remained undeveloped, and in both cases the landownership has presented unique challenges to land management.【2015北京阅读】一些铁路部分开发了，但是其他的部分却没有被开发，但是在这两种情况里土地所有权都给土地管理带来了挑战。
in case of（后面加名词）万一
【真句】Of those Australians who still have a landline, a third concede that it's not really necessary and they're keeping it as a security blanket—19 percent say they never use it while a further 13 percent keep it in case of emergencies. 【2021年6月全国乙卷】在那些仍然拥有固定电话的澳大利亚人中，三分之一的人承认没有必要使用固定电话他们把它当作安全毯，19%的人说他们从来不使用它，而另有13%的人保留它以备不时之需。
in case(后面加句子) 以防，万一
【真句】The traveler may fire at a wild beast to defend himself in case he is attacked.【2014江西阅读】游客也许会朝野兽开火以防自己受到攻击。
be the case真的
【真句】It is often the case that anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.【2016江苏】，这是真的-----对于那些坚持希望的人来说任何事情都是可能的。
cash [k ] n. 现金；钱，资金
【真句】Would you like the opportunity to earn extra cash close to home 【2021.3天津卷】你想有机会在家附近赚点现金吗？
【真句】To my surprise, he merely smiled at us, handed us some cash and said, “buy yourself new hamburgers”.【2013陕西完形】令我们惊讶的是，他只是朝我们笑一笑，给了我们一些钱并且说道让我们去买些汉堡。
cast [kɑ st] 投射（光或影），扔，抛，撒
【真句】The data also cast doubt on the idea that the LED lighting revolution will lead to energy cost savings.【2019.6上海】这些数据也让人们对LED照明革命将带来能源成本节约的观点产生了怀疑。
cast a look/glance at sb. /sth. 看/瞅……一眼
Again she cast a look toward the window.【2015浙江阅读】她再次瞅了一眼窗户。
cast a shadow/cloud over sth 给某事投下了一层阴影
The second half looks at the dark forces casting a shadow over her own life.【2015山东阅读】书的第二部分主要关注给他生活投下阴影的黑暗力量。
castle [ k sl] n. 城堡
casual [ k l] adj. 随意的，漫不经心的；非正式的
【真句】Asking a favor of the President of the United States was no casual matter, especially for a seventeen-year-old girl.【2020.7天津】向总统求情可不是一件随便的事，尤其是对一个十七岁的女孩来说。
【真句】To allow free flow of information, they have to be able to communicate with each other in a casual way.【2015上海阅读】为了可以让信息自由流动，他们不得不以漫不经心的方式进行交流。
短语：casual clothes 休闲服
同义词：informal adj. 非正式的
反义词：formal adj. 正式的
cat [k t] n. 猫 ?
catalogue ['k t l g] n. 目录
catastrophe [k t str f ] n. 灾难
catch [k t ] v. 抓住；捕捉；感染上（疾病）；卡住，夹住；赶上
【真句】Melissa, his daughter, felt it more than worthwhile to save his music, to which she fell asleep catch night when she was young.【2019江苏】他的女儿梅丽莎觉得保存他的音乐是非常值得的，因为她年轻的时候就在音乐中睡着了。
【真句】People quickly caught on.【2019浙江】人们很快就流行起来了。
【真句】Agreement was reached, and the children were sent into the fields to catch frogs.【2015辽宁阅读】
协议达成了，孩子们被送到田野里面抓青蛙。
短语：catch up with 追上，赶上
【真句】He estimated that the bees would catch up with him soon.【2015江西阅读】他估计蜜蜂很快就会赶上他了。
be caught in 陷入/处于（不好的情况）（此时等同于be stuck in）
【真句】Tommy Lee’s invention of the unbreakable umbrella was due to his dream of being caught in a rainstorm.【2015江苏阅读】Tommy Lee发明了这个不以破的伞是由于梦见自己陷入暴风雨之中。
catch sb doing sth. 撞见，看见
【真句】At age thirteen, he was caught by police stealing. At eighteen, he landed in prison for shooting a man. 【2012浙江阅读】 13岁时，警察撞见他行窃；18岁时因杀人入狱。
be/get caught up in sth 陷入/卷入（不好的事情）
【真句】Rather than getting caught up in how you could have done better, why not offer yourself a compassionate response 【2020年7月全国1卷】与其纠结于如何做得更好，为什么不给自己一个富有同情心的回应呢？
【真句】Grace lost her tail as a baby when she got caught up in a fish trap.【2013北京阅读】Grace 在它幼小的时候失去了尾巴，当时他陷入了渔网。
catch on 流行；明白，意识到
【真句】The more positive an article, the more likely it was to be shared, as Dr. Berger explains in his new book, “Contagious: Why Things Catch On.” 【2016全国三阅读】一篇文章越积极它就越有可能被分享，正如Berger博士在他的新书《富有感染力— 事情流行的原因》所描述的。
catch one’s eye吸引某人的眼球
【真句】A piece of news caught my eye.【2013天津阅读】一条新闻吸引了我的眼球
catch fire着火
【真句】The basement caught fire by accident.【2014天津阅读】地下室意外起火了。
category [ k t ɡ r ] n. 种类
【真句】That is the reason why I recommend another category of books.【2014浙江阅读】那就是我为什么推荐另一本书。
同义词：sort, kind, type
cater [ ke t ] v.
用法：cater for 满足……的需要
【真句】Children are well catered for with apple-themed fun and games.【2016全国三阅读】以苹果为主题的有趣的游戏可以很好地满足孩子们的需要。
catholic[ k θ l k] adj. 天主教的
cathedral [k θi dr l] n. 大教堂
cattle [ k t l] n. 牛（总称名词）
【真句】That way, cattlemen will know whether they need to move their cattle to another field for nutrition purposes. 【2021年6月新高考二卷】这样，养牛人就可以知道他们是否需要将牛移到另一个田地以获得营养。
【真句】Machines have largely taken over planting, watering and harvesting crops such as com and wheat, but the monitoring of cattle has gone through fewer changes.【2021年6月新高考二卷】机器已经在很大程度上接管了玉米和小麦等作物的种植、灌溉和收获，但对牛的监控却没有什么变化。
cause [k z] v.引起，导致；n. 原因；事业
【真句】Since the 1930s, McIntyre said, the biggest factors driving up water stress in the state have been rising temperatures, which cause trees to lose more water to the air, and earlier snowmelt, which reduces the water supply available to trees during the dry season.【2019浙江】麦金太尔说，自20世纪30年代以来，导致该州水分压力上升的最大因素是气温上升，这导致树木向空气中流失更多的水分，以及积雪融化的提前，这减少了干旱季节树木可用的水供应。
Some chemicals can also cause food poisoning.【2015广东阅读】一些化学物质有时也会导致食物中毒。
【真句】Jim was rushed back to operation, but nothing was found to explain the cause of his illness.【2012四川阅读】吉姆立刻被送往医院，但是无法解释他生病的原因。
含有“引起，导致”之意的单词或短语：lead to, result in, contribute to, bring about
cautious [ k : s] adj. 谨慎的，小心的
用法：be cautious about 对……小心/谨慎
【真句】Mohan is cautious about this approach, yet she supports the purpose behind these digital beings and is optimistic about where they are headed.【2021.6天津卷】莫汉对这种方法持谨慎态度，但她支持这些数字生物背后的目的，并对它们的发展方向持乐观态度。
cautious 的名词形式caution 谨慎,小心
curious [ kj ri s] adj. 好奇的；奇怪的
【真句】Like Galileo, all the great names in history were curious and asked in discontent, "Why Why Why "【2020.7天津】像伽利略一样，历史上所有伟大的名字都是奇怪的，不满的问，“为什么？为什么？为什么？ ”
He came to a stop and looked curiously up.【2015江西阅读】 他停了下来并且好奇得向上看。
用法：be curious about 对……好奇
【真句】Though he never made it to the top, his math teacher was always amazed and curious about the change.【2013重庆完形】尽管他从来没有成为第一，他的数学老师还是很惊讶，并且对他的变化感到很好奇。
curious 的名词形式curiosity好奇，好奇心
cave [ke v] n. 洞，穴；地窖
CD n. 光盘
ceiling [ si l ] n. 天花板
celebrate [ sel bre t] v. 庆祝；赞美，赞扬
【真句】Afterward, she invited me to the one-and-only steak house in the area to celebrate her victory, as if she had received her Ph. D. degree.【2013湖南阅读】之后她邀请我到那个地区唯一的一个牛排屋去庆祝她的成功，好像她已经获得了博士学位。
Armstrong was celebrated and loved wherever he went.【2012陕西阅读】无论Armstrong去哪儿他都会得到人们的赞扬和爱。
celebrate的名词：celebration 庆祝；赞美，赞扬
...part of year-long celebrations recognizing Yellowstone's 150th anniversary... 【2024年1月九省联考】...作为庆祝黄石公园150周年纪念的一部分，持续一整年的庆祝活动...
celebrity [s lebr ti] n. 名人
【真句】Celebrity has become one of the most important representatives of popular culture.【2013湖南阅读】
名人已经成为流行文化最重要的代表之一。
celebrity的形容词形式：celebrated [ sel bre t d] adj. 著名的
【真句】internationally celebrated Cambridge Film Festival【2015全国二阅读】世界著名的剑桥电影节
cell [sel] n.细胞；牢房；小房间
cellar [ sel ] n. 地窖；地下储藏室
cent [sent] n. 美分
centigrade [ sent ɡre d] adj. 摄氏的
centimetre ['senti mi:t ] n.厘米
center ['sent ] n. 中心
【真句】Lebanon Ice Center needs to be evaluated.【2019.1上海】黎巴嫩冰河中心需要进行评估。
center/centre的形容词：central [ sentr l] 中心的
【真句】Upon completion of the evaluation, it is recommended that you register for classes with an associate located in the ice center booth.【2019.1上海】在完成评估后，建议您与位于冰中心展位的同事一起注册课程。
century [ sent r ] n. 世纪
ceremony [ ser m n ] n. 典礼，仪式
【真句】Traditionally, college students hold a graduation ceremony to encourage themselves before they set off on their life journey.【2013安徽】传统上在开始人生旅途之前，大学生们都会举办毕业典礼鼓励自己。
certain [ s t( )n] adj. （certain+名词）某个，某些；（系动词+certain）确定，肯定
【真句】But Farber is certain he’ll have the last laugh.【2024年6月新课标全国Ⅰ卷】但法伯确信他将会笑到最后。
【真句】This will help you to decide whether you really need to read the whole book or only certain parts of it.【2021年6月新高考二卷】这将帮助你决定你是否真的需要阅读整本书或只是其中的某些部分。
【真句】Maybe you say "go, " or turn on a certain song, or whatever.【2021年6月全国甲卷】也许你会说“走”，或者打开某首歌，或者其他什么。
【真句】I was certain that my agent didn’t care about my work, and he didn’t care about me.【2014重庆阅读】 我确定我的经纪人不在乎我的工作，并且他也不在乎我。
短语：for certain(此时等于for sure)确定，肯定
One thing is for certain.【2016全国一完形】有一件事情是肯定的。
同义词：sure adj. 确定的，肯定的
certainly [ s t nl ] adv. 肯定，当然
【真句】If you can't take their wine away, you should certainly try to take away their soapbox.【2021年6月全国乙卷】如果你不能把他们的酒带走，你当然应该设法带走他们的肥皂盒。
同义词：surely adv. 肯定，当然
certificate [s t f k t] n. 证明，证明书
【真句】Medical certificate: You must provide a medical certificate indicating you are fit to work.【2021年6月北京卷】医疗证明：你必须提供一张证明你适合工作的医疗证明。
chain [t e n] n. 链；连锁
chair [t e ] n. 椅子
chairman [ t e m n] n. 主席
chairwoman [ t e wum n] n. 女主席
chalk [t k] n. 粉笔
challenge [ t l nd ] n. v. 挑战
This absorbing new book by Catriona Campbell is a practical roadmap addressing the challenges posed by the forthcoming AI revolution (变革). 【2024年6月新课标全国Ⅱ卷】Catriona Campbell的这本引人入胜的新书是应对即将到来的人工智能革命所带来挑战的实用路线图。
【真句】He was thrilled to be doing the comedy that he always felt he should do, but even during his last few year he always had a sense of curiosity, wondering what new role or challenge might be just around the corner.【2021.6浙江卷】他很高兴能出演他一直觉得自己应该演的喜剧，但即使在他生命的最后几年，他也总是有一种好奇心，想知道有什么新的角色或挑战即将到来。
【真句】Of course, there are some technical challenges to overcome.【2015江苏阅读】当然有些技术上的挑战需要克服。
【真句】Then I kept practicing until I became confident enough to challenge the good players.【2013浙江阅读】然后我不断的练习直到我变得足够自信去向好的选手发出挑战。
challenge的形容词形式：challenging
challenging [ t l nd ] adj. 有挑战性的
【真句】Challenging work that requires lots of analytical thinking, planning and other managerial skills might help your brain stay sharp as you age, a study published Wednesday in the journal Neurology suggests.【2020.7浙江】周三发表在《神经学》杂志上的一项研究表明，具有挑战性的工作需要大量的分析思考、计划和其他管理技能，这可能有助于你的大脑在年龄增长时保持敏锐。
【真句】And they tended to lose cognitive（认知） function at a much slower rate than those with the least mentally challenging jobs.【2020.7浙江】他们往往会失去认知能力 比起那些从事最不具精神挑战性工作的人，他们的工作效率要慢得多。
champion [ t mp n] n. 冠军
chance [t ns] 机会；可能性
【真句】It's a chance for self-reflection【2019全国2】这是一个自我反思的机会。
【真句】As long as you have direct control over your goal, you have a much higher chance of success.【2014北京阅读】只要你能直接控制你的目标，你就更有可能成功。
【真句】Don’t miss the chance of lending your warm hands to help others! 【2014四川阅读】不要错过帮助别人的好机会。
短语：by chance 偶然，碰巧
【真句】Whether it was by chance or by design, there were almost exactly 150 people in the TV station.【2015上海阅读】无论是偶然的还是故意的，电视台里面刚好150人。
同义词：by accident; accidentally; coincidentally; unintentionally 偶然地
反义词：on purpose; by design; deliberately; intentionally 故意地
change [t e nd ] v. 改变；换（衣服）；换乘（车辆） n. 改变；零钱
【真句】But the revolution that was taking place in the 1830s would change all that.【2019全国3】但发生在19世纪30年代的革命将会改变这一切。
【真句】Publishers already in business, people who were owners of successful papers, had little desire to change the tradition.【2019全国3】已经在商业中的出版商，那些成功报纸的所有者，几乎没有改变传统的愿望。
【真句】The three boys were fed, bathed and changed into their nightclothes.【2015江西完形】这三个小孩吃完饭、洗完澡之后被换上了衣服。
【真句】Now I donate any change I have to charity and enjoy the feeling of giving.【2015陕西完形】现在我只要有零钱便会捐给慈善机构，并且享受给予的感觉
短语：change one’s mind 改变主意
His wife changed her mind.【2013四川阅读】他的妻子改变了主意。
change sth. from A to B 转换，转变
He changed his major from medicine to education.【2012全国一阅读】他将专业从医学转变为教育学。
change A into B 把A变为B
One by one, graffiti-covered walls are being changed into outdoor art.【2015全国二阅读】这些被涂鸦覆盖的墙被一个接一个的变为室外艺术。
change的形容词changeable
changeable [ t e nd bl] adj. 易变的，可变的
The weather in the UK is changeable in summer.【2012上海阅读】英国夏日的天气是易变的。
channel [ t n l] n.频道；渠，海峡；v. 把（钱或精力等）导向（某一特定目的），引导
There has been a great increase in TV channel s in the past few years.【2015江西回答问题】在过去的几年中电视频道大量增加了。
the English Channel 英吉利海峡
Science can be a force for evil as well as for good. Its applications can be channeled either way, depending on our decisions.【2014重庆阅读】科学即可以为邪恶服务也为正义服务，它的应用是好还是坏完全取决于我们的决定。
chant [t ɑ nt] v. n. 唱
chapter [ t pt ] n. 章
chaos [ ke s] n. 混乱，杂乱
When she walked in to the classroom, it was chaos: two boys were fighting in the far corner, yet the rest of the class seemed not to notice them.【2015广东写作任务】当她走进班里的时候教室非常混乱：两个男孩在远处的角落里打架，然而其他同学似乎并没有注意到。
character [ k r kt ] n. 性格；（作品中的）人物，角色；特点；品格
I wanted for the characters and endings that were right for the characters...【2024年6月新课标全国甲卷】我想要的是适合角色的字符和结局……
In the early stages of skill or character development, imitation is helpful.【2015天津阅读】在技能和性格发展的早期，模仿是有用的。
More recently the book has been attacked because of the character Jim.【2013江苏阅读】最近由于吉姆这一角色，小说受到了批判。
The character of the town is well preserved.【2013江苏】城镇的特点被很好地保存了下来。
If you are going to follow someone, focus on their talent, not their bad character or unacceptable behaviors.【2015天津阅读】如果你要模仿某人，得注重他们的才能，而不是不好的品格或不可接受的行为。
characteristic [k r kt r st k] n. 特征；adj. 典型的，独特的
The thickness of the pen is the most important characteristic determining comfort.【2015安徽完形】 钢笔的厚度是决定舒适度的最重要特征。
My characteristic optimism was alive only when I reminded myself that I could be doing what I had wanted to do since I was fourteen—teaching English.【2013浙江阅读】只有当我提醒自己我可以坐我14岁以来所喜欢做的事情——教英语，我那独特的乐观精神又活跃起来了。
注意：characteristic作为“特点”是可数名词，character作“特点”是不可数名词
charge [t ɑ d ]v. 收费，要价；指控；充电（又作charge up）；攻击 n. 费用；指控；电量
How long does it take the battery to charge up an iPhone 【2014湖南阅读】电池给iPhone充电要多长时间？
When lions are hiding for an attack by a water hole, they wait patiently and can charge at any second. 【2006安徽卷阅读】当狮子等在水坑旁边准备攻击的时候，他们会耐心地等待并且在任何一秒都有可能攻击。
Most kindergarten charges are at least $5,000 a year.【2013安徽阅读】大多数幼儿园每年的费用至少5000美元。
She was arrested on a charge of murder/a murder charge.【高考真句】她以谋杀罪被捕
Richard Solo 1800 is largest in its class and holds its charge for months.【2014湖南阅读】
Richard Solo 1800在同种类当中是最大的，并且电量可以维持几个月。
用法：charge…for… 收费，要价
I would charge them three dollars for each test that I helped them pass.【2014四川阅读】对于我帮助他们通过的每一场考试我会收取3美元。
charge sb with sth 指控某人某事
Foreign drivers are rarely charged with breaking the traffic law because police cannot take action against them if they fail to appear in court.【2014福建阅读】国外的驾车人员很少被指控违背交通法，因为如果他们不能出庭的话警方就不能对他们采取措施。
短语：take charge of = be in charge of对……负责；
A man tries to take charge of everything in a large company.【2015天津阅读】 一个人使徒负责大公司里面所有的事情。
Could I speak to whoever is in charge of International Sales, please 【2012山东】我可以和你们公司里面的负责国际销售的人员说话吗？
be in the charge of被/由… 负责
The improvement to the present system is in the charge of FCC.【2013山东阅读】当前系统的改善由FCC负责。
charity [ t r ti] 慈善机构
chart [t ɑ t] n. 图表；
chat [t t] n. v 聊天
用法：chat (with/to sb) (about sth.) 和某人谈论某事。
I wonder if you’ll be free then so we could chat about the good older days.【2006山东改错】
我想知道你将来那个时候是否有时间，这样我们就可以聊一聊以前的日子了。
We may chat with old about their old days or changes of our city.【2012湖北写作】
我们可以和老年人聊一聊以前的日子或者我们城市的变化。
cheap [t i p] adj. 便宜的 反义词：expensive 昂贵的
cheat [t i t] v. 作弊；欺骗 n. 作弊者，骗子
It’s not easy to cheat in chess.【2013广东阅读】 在下棋中作弊是很困难的。
Anyway, I can't cheat him —— it's against all my principle.【2015浙江】无论如何我都不能欺骗他——这有悖于我的原则。
cheat的另一个名词形式：cheating作弊行为；欺骗行为
check [t ek] v. 检查，查看n. 检查，核查；账单；支票
He checks his phone every five minutes! 【2015上海语法与词汇】 他每五分钟检查一下他的手机。
Rather than getting up to check on whether the laundry is done, users will instead monitor it on their phones while watching TV.【2012山东阅读】 用户不必起床去核实衣服是否洗完了，他们只要在看电视的时候检查一下他们的手机就可以知道了。
It doesn’t matter whether you pay by cash or by check in this store.【2012山东】在这个商店你付现金或支票都可以。
The next day he sent a check covering our entire rent for eight months.【2012山东阅读】
第二天他送来了一个包含整个八个月租金的账单。
短语：check out 检查，核实；办理退房手续
He should check out of the room.【高考真句】他应该检查房间。
He should check out of the room.【2015天津阅读】他应该办理退房手续。
check in 登记（办理入住手续或登机手续）
I arrived at the check-in desk at Providence.【2016全国一阅读】我到达了位于Providence的登记台。
cheek [t i k] n. 脸颊
cheer [t ] v. （为……）加油，欢呼；n. 欢呼，加油
Why did the crowd cheer when the last runner crossed the finish line 【2013广东】为什么当最后一位跑步运动者穿过终点线的时候还在欢呼？
短语：cheer sb on （在比赛中）为某人加油
All the students on the playground cheer me on.【2012浙江改错】操场上的所有学生都在为我加油
cheer up (使)高兴起来，（使）振作起来
Feeling blue about world " Cheer up," Says science writer Matt Ridley.【2015湖北阅读】还对这个世界感到忧郁吗？ “振作起来吧！”科学作家Matt Ridley说到。
cheer的形容词：cheerful高兴的
cheers [t ] int. 干杯，
cheese [t i z] n. 奶酪
chef [ ef] n.主厨
chemical [ kem k l] adj. 化学的 n. 化学物质
In addition, there’s no need for pesticides and other chemicals that pollute traditional farms and the surrounding environment.【2024年6月新课标全国Ⅱ卷】此外，无需使用污染传统农田及其周围环境的农药和其他化学品。
chemist [ kem st] n. 药剂师；化学家
chemistry [ kem str ] n. 化学
cheque [t ek] n. 支票
chess [t es] n. 棋
chest [t est] n.胸部；箱子；盒子
chew [t u ] vt. 咀嚼
chick [t k] n. 小鸡
chicken [ t k n] n. 鸡（可数名词）；鸡肉（不可数名词）
chief [t i f] adj. 最高级的，首席的；最重要的，主要的 n. 首领；领导人 chiefs (复数)
My father was Chief Engineer of a merchant ship, which was sunk in World WarⅡ. 【2015湖南阅读】
我的爸爸是一艘商船的首席工程师，这艘商船在二战中沉入了海底。
There are some who truly believe that the killing is not really the important thing, and that the chief pleasure lies in the joy of the hunt and the beauties of the wild countryside.【2012北京阅读】
有些人他们真的相信猎杀不是真的重要的事情，真正的快乐在于猎杀的乐趣以及野外的美景。，
His chief customers were his old college friends.【2015陕西阅读】他最重要的顾客就是他的大学同学。
child [t a ld] n.儿童 其复数为children
child的形容词形式：childish 天真的
childhood [ t a ldh d] n. 幼年时代，童年
chimney [ t mn ] n. 烟囱
chips [t p] n. (pl.)炸土豆条（片）
chocolate [ t kl t] n. 巧克力
choice [t s] n. 选择；adj 上等的，精选的
You should be aware that your sport of choice might have great influence on the environment.【2014重庆阅读】你应该意识到你的运动的选择可能对环境有很大的影响。
I made the choice to withdraw from college to care for her.【2015天津阅读】我做出了退学回家照顾她的决定。
Choice architects are people who organize the contexts in which customers make decisions.【2014上海阅读】一流的建筑师是那些筹划出消费者做决定的背景。
短语：have no choice but to do 除了…别无选择
If he takes on this work, he will have no choice but to meet an even greater challenge.【2012陕西】如果他从事这项工作，除了面对更大的选择之外别无选择。
choice的动词形式: choose
choose [t u z] v. 选择
They will sniff out specific areas before they choose a place to relax. 【2024年6月新课标全国甲卷】他们会在选择放松的地方之前，先嗅探特定的区域。
You choose which length you want and it gives you a receipt-like short story.【2024年6月新课标全国Ⅱ卷】你选择你想要的长度，它会给你一个类似收据的短故事。
You can also use other senses when you choose your food.【2012全国一阅读】当你选择食物的时候你可以用其它的感官。
choir [ kwa ] n. 合唱团，教堂的唱诗班
choke [t k] n. & v. 窒息
She coughed and choked and could hardly survive her first few weeks.【2016天津完形】她咳嗽并且窒息了，几乎无法度过前几周。
chopsticks [ t pst ks] n. 筷子
chorus [ k r s] n. 合唱曲，歌咏队
church [t t ] n. 教堂
cigar [s ɡɑ ] n. 雪茄
cigarette [s ɡ ret] n.香烟
cinema [ s n m ] n. 电影院
circuit [ s k t] n. 环形路线，巡回赛
circle n. 圆，圈；……圈子，……界；vi 环绕，盘旋
Sometimes several whales form a circle under the water, blowing bubbles.【2015上海阅读
有时候几只鲸鱼在水底形成一个圆吹泡泡。
But the question is not that the internet allows you to increase the size of your social circle, but that you can keep your relationships with your existing friends going.【2015福建阅读】
问题不在于因特网能够扩大你的社交圈，而在于你可以让你和现在的朋友继续交往。
We called to each other excitedly as the plane took off and circled around the Canyon.【2013陕西阅读】当飞机起飞在大峡谷上盘旋的时候我们兴奋地朝对方大喊。
come/go full circle 兜了一圈回到原处
I have come full circle with his help.【2015浙江完形】在他的帮助下我回到了原处。
circulate [ s kj le t] v. （使）循环；流通；传播
Ceiling fans do a great job of circulating air.【2013福建阅读】天花板上的风扇可以让空气很好的流通。
The news of her death circulated quickly.【高考真句】她死去的消息迅速传开。
The coin can be circulated as a currency.【2013福建阅读】这个硬币可以作为货币流通。
circulate的名词形式：circulation循环；流通；传播
circumstance [ s k mst ns] n. 情况，情形
You can view these practices as a toolbox meant to aid your efforts to build a minimalist lifestyle that words for your particular circumstances.【2024年1月九省联考】你可以将这些做法视为一个工具箱，旨在帮助你构建一个适合你特定情况的极简主义生活方式。
Whatever our circumstances, we generally still have dreams, hopes and desire.【2015浙江阅读】不管在什么情况下，我们仍然有着梦想，希望和欲望。
短语：in/under…circumstance 在……情况下
in/under no circumstance绝不，无论如何都不
We should stick to our dreams under any circumstances.【2015福建阅读】在任何情况下我们都应该坚持我们的梦想。
同义词：situation, condition
circus [ s k s] n. 马戏团
citizen [ s t z n] n.居民
city [ s t ] n. 市，城市
civil [s vl] adj. 平民的；公民的，国名的
It lost millions of dollars in the civil war.【2012山东阅读】在内战中他损失了几百万美元。
She was named “mother of the civil rights movement”.【2012重庆阅读】 她被命名为“内战运动之母”。
civil的名词形式：civilian平民，老百姓
civilization [s v la ze n]n. 文明
There were great civilizations, splendid empires, but no freedom anywhere before 2,500.【2015江苏阅读】在2500年以前，世界上有伟大的文明，壮丽的帝国但是没有自由
clap [kl p] v. n. 拍手；鼓掌
There was a silence over the crowd for a few seconds and then someone started clapping.【2012天津阅读】人群中安静了几秒但是之后掌声想了起来。
同义词: applause n. 鼓掌 applaud v. 鼓掌
clarify [ kl r fa ] v.澄清，阐明
The purpose of the passage is to clarify some misconceptions about fatness and exercise.【2014重庆阅读】这篇文章的目的是为了阐明一些关于肥胖和锻炼的错误观念。
clarify的名词：clarification n. 澄清，阐明
class [klɑ s] n. 班级；课程；阶级；等级；
To save class time, our teacher has us students do half of the exercise in class and complete the other half for homework.【2012湖南】为了节省课堂时间，老师让我们学生在课堂上做一半的练习，剩下的一半作家庭作业。
I prefer my English classes to be taught in English only.【2012浙江写作】我喜欢英语课被全英文教学。
A commonly used classification is lower class, middle class and upper class.【2013陕西阅读】一个普遍被使用的分类是下层阶级、中产阶级和上层阶级。
Every meal will be first-class and every cabin is like your home.【2013全国一阅读】每一顿饭都是一流的并且每一个机舱都跟家一样。
classify [ kl s fa ] v. 把……分类
Research findings have shown that about 20 percent of people can be classified as “night owls”. 【2014四川阅读】研究发现20%的人可以被分类为夜猫子。
classify的名词形式：classification 分类
A commonly used classification is lower class, middle class and upper class.【2013陕西阅读】一个普遍被使用的分类是下层阶级、中产阶级和上层阶级。
classify的形容词形式：classified分类的
Below are some classified ads from an English newspaper.【2014浙江阅读】以下是来自英语报纸的分类广告
classic [ kl s k] adj. 典型的，经典的，古典的 n. 经典作品
Some are classic short stories, and some are new original works.【2024年6月新课标全国Ⅱ卷】有些是经典短篇故事，有些是新的原创作品。
What do the classic rules mentioned in the text apply to 【2016全国三阅读】文中提及的典型规则适用于什么？
The sales of classics have led to the popularity of films.【2012山东阅读】经典作品的销售导致电影的流行。
classic的同义词：classical adj. 典型的，经典的，古典的
classmate [ klɑ sme t] n.同学
classroom [ klɑ sru m] n. 教室
claw [kl ] n. 爪
clay [kle ] n. 黏土，
clean [kli n] v. 打扫，弄干净 adj. 清洁的，干净的
Her husband has no time to clean the kitchen.【2013四川阅读】她的丈夫没时间打扫房间。
You can even help to keep our water supply clean by recycling batteries instead of throwing them away.【2013安徽阅读】通过回收电池而不是将电池扔掉，你就可以帮助使我们的水供应保持干净。
clean的名词形式：cleaner清洁工人；清洁器，清洁剂
The probable relationship between the speakers is homeowner and cleaner.【2015全国一】
对话者之间的关系可能是房屋主人和清洁工的关系。
clear [kl ]adj. 清楚的，明确的；明显的；透明的；晴朗的；易懂的；清晰的 v. 清理，清除；批准
She had given us clear directions and we were able to find his house easily.【2015北京】她给了我们明确的指令，我们能够很容易找到他的家.
It was never clear why the man hadn’t reported the accident sooner.【2015江苏】那个男人没有及时报道事故的原因还不清楚。
There is clear evidence that the most difficult feeling of all to interpret is bodily pain.【2015上海】 有一个明显的证据：最难解释的感觉就是身体上的疼痛。
They are as clear as glass.【2015 北京阅读】他们和玻璃一样透明。
The sky was clear.【2013湖北阅读】天空非常晴朗。
I like Mr. Miner’s speech; it was clear and to the point.【2013辽宁】我喜欢Miner的演讲，他的演讲清晰易懂并且简明恰当。
In a loud and clear voice, the master of ceremonies declared that my class was next.【2015山东完形】主持人以清晰响亮的嗓音宣布我们下一个出场。
Dennis had cleared several fields and planted crops.【2013江西阅读】丹尼斯清理了几块田地并且种上了庄稼。
Jack held the watch for a few minutes, then called his assistant and cleared his appointments for the next two days.【2013江苏阅读] 杰克看手表看了几分钟，然后打电话给其助手并且批准了接下来两天的预约。
短语：clear up 收拾，整理；解决
It shouldn’t take long to clear up after the party if we all volunteer to help.【2013江苏】如果我们在聚会后主动帮忙的话，收拾不会花多长时间。
Many technical problems still must be cleared up on the way to this wonderful future.【2012辽宁阅读】在通往美好未来的路上许多技术问题仍然必须被解决。
clerk [klɑ k] n.职员，工作人员
After paying the clerk, I still had 5 cents.【2015四川阅读表达】在给工作人员付完薪水之后我还有5美分。
同义词：staff n. 职员
clever [ klev ] adj. 聪明的
click [kl k] v. 点击
climate [ kla m t] n. 气候
Private climate engineering can proceed in relative legal safety.【2024年1月浙江卷】私人气候工程可以在相对的法律安全中进行。
Is there link between humans and climate change or not 【2016上海阅读】人类和气候变化之间是否有联系？
climb [kla m] v. 爬，攀登
clinic [ kl n k] n. 诊所
clone [kl n] n.克隆
clock [kl k] n. 钟
短语：round/around the clock 昼夜，夜以继日
Now residents in the Derbyshire Village can buy groceries a round the clock.【2014上海阅读】Derbyshire Village的具名昼夜都可以在这个地方买东西了。
close [kl z] adj. 接近的；亲密的；仔细的，小心的 v. 关闭；减少 adv. 接近地，不远
Lauren Smith is close to completing her study on shark’s ability to sense pressure.【2013 天津阅读】
Lauren Smith接近完成她关于鲨鱼感受压力的能力的报告。
They are the sort of friends who are so close that they trust each other with their lives.【2015安徽阅读】他们是那种非常亲密的朋友以至于可以用生命相信对方。
While childhood peer groups are conducted under the close supervision of parents, adolescent peer groups typically make an effort to escape adult supervision.【2012上海阅读】尽管儿童同龄群体在父母的小心监护下进行，青少年同龄群体通常努力逃离父母的监督
High desert winds had forced the airport to close all but one runway.【2015四川完形】沙尘暴迫使机场关闭所有的跑道除了其中一条。
When I refused to listen, she told me I could get the surgery to close the teeth gap.【2012湖南完形】当我拒绝听的时候他告诉我我可以做手术缩小牙缝。
I was allowed to get up close to these cute animals at the 600-acre centre.【2016全国一语法填空】我被允许在这个600亩的中心靠近这些可爱的动物。
close的副词形式：closely；close作动词时的形容词形式：closed
closely ['kl sl ] adv. 仔细地；紧密地
This passage will help you to think like an economist, closely considering the opportunity cost of each of your decisions.【2014江苏阅读】 这篇文章将会帮助你像经济学家一样思考，仔细考虑你的每一个决定的机会成本。
Spelling ability is closely related to writing ability.【2012天津阅读】拼写能力与书写能力紧密相关。
closed [kl zd] adj. 关闭的，关门的
The school shop, whose customers are mainly students, is closed for the holidays.【2015四川】
学校的商店暑假关门了，它的顾客主要是学生。
易混词：cloth; clothing; clothes
cloth [kl θ] n. 布料，布；
Baby monkeys prefer the cloth mother to the wire mother because the former is more comfortable to rub against.【2013浙江阅读】与电线做的“妈妈”相比，小猴子更喜欢布料“妈妈”，因为它们摸上去更舒服。
clothing [ kl ] n. (总称) 衣服
The Mullers soon realized that food and clothing weren’t enough. [完形]2012山东
Muller夫妇很快意识到食物和衣服不够。
clothes [kl z] (pl.) 衣服
Cattle’s meat and milk are food full of nutrition, and their skin can be used to make clothes and shoes. [阅读]2014安徽 牛的肉和奶富含营养，并且他们的皮肤可以被用来制造衣服和鞋子。
cloud [ kla d ] n.云，云状物 cloud的形容词形式：cloudy [ kla d ] adj. 多云的
club [kl b] n. 俱乐部
clumsy [ kl mz ] adj. 笨拙的，笨重的
They can seem forgetful and clumsy.【2015北京七选五】他们可能似乎既笨拙又健忘。
同义词：awkward adj. 尴尬的，笨拙的
coach [k t ] v. 指导，训练n. 教练；马车；长途车
Her wish is to coach young athletes for Beijing 2013 Olympic Games.【2013福建阅读】 她的愿望是训练那些参加2013奥运会的年轻运动员
Players should be highly inspired by coaches.【2016江苏阅读】运动员应该受到教练的鼓舞
coast [k st] n. 海岸
This coastal area was a national wildlife reserve last year.【2015湖南】
这个沿海地区去年被命名为国家自然保护区。
其形容词形式: coastal adj. 近海的，沿海的
coal [k l] n. 煤, 煤块
coat [k t] n. 外套 vt. 给……穿外套
cock [k k] n. 公鸡
cocoa [ k k ] n. 可可粉
coffee [ k f ] n. 咖啡
coin [k n] n. 硬币
coke [k k] n. 可口可乐
cold [k ld] adj. 冷的；冷漠的，冷酷的 n. 寒冷；感冒
Capable persons are often cold to others.【2014天津阅读】有能力的人经常对他人很冷漠。
They will catch a cold easily.【2014重庆完形】他们将很容易感冒。
cold做形容词时的名词形式：coldness 冷；冷漠
collar [ k l ] n. 衣领 拓展：white collar白领；blue collar 蓝领
collision [k l n] n. 碰撞事故
colleague [ k li ɡ] n. 同事
【真句】He had worked with his colleague long enough.【2014广东阅读】他和他的同事工作了足够长的时间。
同义词：coworker 同事；易混词：college 学院
coincidence [k n s d ns] n.巧合
【真句】By a strange coincidence we happened to be travelling on the same train.【高考真句】巧得出奇, 我们正好坐同一列火车.
collect [k lekt] v. 收集；收藏；收，收取（钱）；聚集；接，取
【真句】It now takes years for scientists to collect all the data they need to describes and analyze species. 【2012北京阅读】科学家要花很多时间来收集描述和分析物种的信息。
【真句】I was kind of sad when the project was over because it was great fun to collect these memories. It gave me a different picture of dad. 【2014四川阅读】当这个项目结束的时候我有点儿悲伤，因为收藏这些信息是有趣的。
【真句】A few problems need to be worked out, like who will get to collect the profitable trade fees.【2015湖北阅读】一些问题需要被解决，比如谁去取这些交易费用。
【真句】The birds collect together in smaller groups when the rainy season comes 【2015全国一阅读】
当雨季来临的时候这些鸟儿以较小群体的方式聚集在一起。
【真句】The producer comes regularly to collect the cameras returned to our shop for quality problems.【2014重庆】生产者定期来我们的商店取因为质量问题而返还到店里的相机。
collect的名词形式：collection 收集；收藏
【真句】...part of UW Libraries' Emmett D. Chisum Special Collections.【2024年1月九省联考】 ...华盛顿大学图书馆的埃米特·D·奇瑟姆特藏的一部分。
【真句】We'll explore beautiful park sites while conducting invasive (侵入的) plant removal, winter planting, and seed collection.【2024年6月新课标全国Ⅰ卷】我们将探索美丽的公园地点，同时进行入侵植物的清除、冬季种植和种子收集。
colour ['k l ] n. 颜色 vt.给…着色，涂色
comb [k m] n. 梳子 v. 梳
combine [k m ba n] v. 结合
Advances in technology combined with more open policies have already created an interconnected world.【2013上海阅读】结合更加开放的政策，科技的 进步已经创造了一个联系密切的世界。
用法：combine A with/and B 把A和B结合一会
Like her mother, Irene combined family and career.【2015陕西阅读】和他的妈妈一样，Irene将家庭和事业结合起来。
combine的名词形式：combination 结合
With the right combination of animals and plants, he figured, maybe he could clean up waste the way nature did.【2024年1月九省联考】他想，如果正确组合动植物，或许他就能像大自然那样清理废物。
comfort [ k mf t] v. 安慰 n 舒适，舒服；安慰，慰藉
I saw three tearful children from my son’s school being comforted by teachers.【2014陕西阅读】
我看到老师正在安慰儿子学校的3个泪汪汪的小孩。
There is no greater comfort for an educator than to see the end result of his or her years of work. 【2012天津阅读】对于教育者而言没有比看到多年工作的结果更加慰藉了。
In this seaside resort, you can enjoy all the comfort and convenience of modern tourism.【2012山东】在海边度假胜地你可以享受现代旅游的舒适与便利。
comfort的形容词形式：comfortable
comfortable [ k mf t bl] adj. 舒服的；自信的，自在的（后面常加with或者in）
They love and look forward to their time together and the partnership has certainly helped Emily be more comfortable in being the happy and unique girl she is! 【2012江西阅读】他们喜爱并且期盼在一起的时间，这种友谊当然帮助Emily在成为快乐及独特的小孩变得更加自信。
Tom saw the friendly bird several times, and she got more comfortable around him.【2014四川完形】 汤姆看到这只友善的鸟已经好几次了， 这只鸟在汤姆周围感到越来越自在。
Face-to-face service creates comfortable feelings among customers.【2015浙江阅读】面对面的服务在顾客当中创造了舒服的感觉。
comedy [ k m d ] n. 喜剧 反义词：tragedy 悲剧
command [k mɑ:nd] v. 指挥，命令；博得，赢得（尊敬，关注等）n. 指挥；命令；（计算机）指令
The commanding officer decided to make his findings known.【2015辽宁改错】指挥官决定使他的发现为人所知
The computer interprets the signals and commands the motorized wheelchair.【2015山东阅读】
电脑解释这些信号并且指挥机动的轮椅。
The point of these arguments is to prove that you are right and the other person is wrong, for both wish to be considered an authority and therefore to command respect.【2015湖北阅读】争论的重点是证明你是正确的并且其他人是错误的，因为双方都想被认为自己是权威，因此而博得尊敬。
Brain-computer interface(BCI) technology could help people with disabilities send commands to machines.【2015山东阅读】BCI科技可以帮助残疾人向机器发出命令。
短语：command of sth 对某事物的掌握
She didn’t have a good command of English.【2013浙江作文】他英语掌握的不好
comment [ k ment] n.评论，意见；v. 评论，发表意见
用法：comment on/about sth
What’s your comment on pop music 【2012上海阅读】你对流行音乐的评论是？
comment on评论……
The People's Archive is an online library of historical figures of the city, in which users will be encouraged to add to and comment on the material.【2015四川阅读】People's Archive是一个关于该城的历史人物的网上图书馆，在这个图书馆中用户被鼓励不断增添素材并做出评价
同义词：review n. 评论
commercial [k m : l] adj. 商业的 n. 商业广告
In recent years, the commercial pressure from supermarket chains has forced village shops across the country to close.【2014上海语法与词汇】最近来自连锁超市的商业压力迫使国家的乡村商店关门歇业。
Media corporations also use sports to attract commercial sponsors.【2012广东】媒体公司也利用体育去吸引商业广告赞助商。
commit [k m t] v. 犯（错误或罪行）；投入（钱，时间等）；致力于
Nevertheless, we must not commit the mistake of analyzing progress only from one point of view. 【2014江西阅读】然而我们必须禁止犯只从某一点上分析进步这样的错误。
Mint has committed around 500,000 to MyHab and taken a share of 30 percent in Mr. Dunlop’s business.【2012上海阅读】Mint投入了500，000磅给MyHab这个项目并且占Dunlop生意的30%。
短语：commit sb/ yourself to sth/ doing等于be committed to (doing)sth 致力于……
The country is committed to meeting EU targets for non-carbon energy generation.【2014福建阅读】
这个国家致力于满足欧盟无碳能源生产的目标。
commit murder/ suicide 谋杀，自杀
commit的名词形式：commitment
commitment [k m tm nt] n. 承诺；投入，奉献
I told him that he’d made a commitment and now he was going to have to follow through with it.【2015浙江阅读】我对他说他之前做出过承诺，他现在必须遵守。
It’s through commitment and sweat that I can make a difference within myself inside and out.【2015四川阅读】正是通过投入与汗水，我的内在和外在都发生了变化。
committee [k m t ] n. 委员会
common [ k m n] adj. 普遍的，常见的；共同的；普通的
It shows a common phenomenon nowadays that children are the focus of families, shouldering the hope of their parents.【2013福建阅读】这展现了一个普遍的现象：孩子们是家庭的焦点，承担着父母的希望。
A common proverb says, “Give me a fish and I eat for day, teach me to fish and I eat for a lifetime.” 【2013江西阅读】 一个常见的谚语说到“授之以鱼不如授之以渔”
Once we have a common interest, a friendship can begin.【2015江苏任务型读写】一旦我们有了共同的兴趣，我们就可以建立友谊了。
There are many common methods used to cook fish.【2016全国三 七选五】有许多做鱼的普通做法。
短语：common sense 常识；
Common sense tells you that you take an umbrella out into a rainstorm.【2015天津阅读】常识告诉你下雨天要带伞
have … in common 有……共同之处
What do Green Maps and Map Mashups have in common 【2015重庆阅读】Green Maps和Map Mashups有什么共同之处？
communicate [k mju n ke t] v. 沟通，交流；表达，传达
...communicate in two different languages 【2024年6月北京卷】......用两种不同的语言交流...
Today, however, presidents depend on writers such as J. Terry Edmonds to help them communicate effectively.【2014陕西阅读】然而，今天总统依靠像J. Terry Edmonds这样的作家帮助他们进行有效地交流。
communicate with 与……交流
Companies rely on e-mail for their employees to communicate with each other.【2015陕西阅读】
公司依靠电子邮件让员工彼此进行沟通。
communicate sth to sb向某人传达某事
You can communicate the power of enthusiasm to anyone who needs it.【2015江苏完形】
你可以将热情的力量传达给任何需要它的人。
communicate的名词形式：communication
communication [k mju n ke n] n. 沟通，交流；表达，传达；
communications 通讯；交通
Alicia Trost, the chief communications officer for the San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit — known as BART.【2024年6月新课标全国Ⅱ卷】Alicia Trost，旧金山湾区快速交通系统（又称BART）的首席通信官。
We went through a period in which communications were very difficult in the rural areas.【2013上海】我们经历了一段时期，在这个时期中乡村地区的交通十分艰难。
The Olympics could be in the middle of the next solar maximum which could affect the functions of communications satellites.【2015上海阅读】奥运会可能在下一个太阳活动极大期中间，这会影响通讯卫星的功能。
communism [ k mj n z m] n. 共产主义
communist [ k mju n st] n. 共产主义者
companion [k m p n n] n. 伙伴，伴侣
The dog may be a good companion for the old.【2012天津】狗狗可能是老人最好的伴侣。
company [ k mp n ] n. 公司；陪伴；
Mark needs to learn Chinese because his company is opening a branch in Beijing.【2013山东阅读】
Mark需要学习中文因为他的公司将在北京开一个分公司。
It’s easy to overlook the pleasure we get from the company of friends, the freedom to live where we please, and even good health.【2013天津阅读】我们很容易忽视朋友陪伴所带来的快乐、爱住哪就住哪的自由以及健康。
拓展：含有“公司”之意的词 firm; corporation; business
compare [k m pe ] vt. 比较
短语：compare A with/and B 把A和B相比
I now regularly compare my views with those of many others.【2016江苏任务型读写】我现在定期把我的观点与其他人的观点进行比较。
compare A to B 把A比作B
While she is often compared to the heroines of her own invention, her life is undoubtedly much quieter.【2012辽宁阅读】尽管她经常被比作自己所创作的主人公，她的生活毫无疑问更加安静。
compare的名词形式：comparison [k m p r sn] n. 比较
Wilson will use such comparisons for the rest of the book.【2013全国一阅读】威尔逊在书的剩余部分都会使用这样的比较。
compass [ k mp s] n. 罗盘，指南针
compensate [ k mpense t] vi补偿，赔偿，弥补
用法：compensate for sth 弥补……
Fine-line pens may compensate for bad handwriting.【2015安徽完形】好线条的笔也许弥补坏的书写。
compensate的名词形式：compensation
compete [k m pi:t] v. 竞争，比赛
用法：compete with/against 与……竞争
Life is like a long race where we compete with others to go beyond ourselves.【2014重庆】
生活就像长跑运动，我们在这项运动中与他人比赛以超越自己。
compete in/at 参加……比赛
Women were first allowed to compete in the Olympic shooting in 1968.【2013广东写作】
女性在1968年首次被允许参加奥运会射击比赛
compete (with / against) sb for sth 为争夺某物与某人竞争
Several companies are competing (against/with each other) for the contract.【高考真句】几家公司正为争取一项合同而互相竞争.
compete的名词形式：competition; competitor
compete的形容词形式：competitive; competent
competition [k mp t n] n. 竞争；比赛
I feel so nervous about the National English Speech Competition tomorrow.【2013四川作文】
我非常担心明天的全国英语比赛。
Fierce competition has convinced them that delighting passengers is an important marketing tool. 【2015浙江阅读】激烈的竞争使他们相信使乘客高兴是一个重要的营销工具。
competitor [k m pet t ] n. 竞争者
Retaining customers also makes it difficult for competitors to enter a market or increase their share of a market.【2015上海完形】留住顾客使竞争者很难进入市场或者增加市场份额。
competitive [k m pet t v] asj. 竞争性强的；有竞争力的；竞争的
Companies fearful of losing their competitive advantage spend much time and money looking for ways to pick up the speed.【2015四川阅读】害怕失去竞争优势的公司花大量的时间和金钱寻找提速的方式
In the more and more competitive service industry, it is no longer enough to promise customer satisfaction.【2015浙江阅读】在竞争性越来越强的服务业，保证顾客满意度不够了。
I wish that sports day could be abandoned and replaced with some other less competitive event. 【2014陕西阅读】我希望体育日可以被抛弃并且被其他没有竞争力的活动代替。
competent [ k mp t nt] adj. 合格的，能干的
Not only was I stronger and more competent than I had thought, but I also discovered a strong interest and a world I hadn't known existed.【2015北京完形】我不仅比我想像的要更加强大和能干，我也发现了一个我感兴趣的世界和一个我不知道还存在的一个世界。
A competent communicator considers what the other person needs and expects when selecting messages to share.【2014江苏任务型读写】当挑选信息来分享的时候，一个合格的交流者会考虑他人的需要和要求。
competent的名词形式：competence [ k mp t ns] 能力
complete [k m pli t] v. 完成； adj. 完成的；完整的；完全的，彻底的
After completing my training, I was sent to the village that was small and desperately in need of proper accommodation.【2014广东阅读】在完成培训之后，我被送到一个迫切需要适当住宿的小乡村。
Work on the new building is nearly complete.【高考真句】新大楼的工作几乎完成了。
The study found that when writing with a pen and paper, participants wrote longer essays and more complete sentences and had a faster word production rate.【2012天津阅读】研究发现，当用笔和纸书写的时候，参与者能够写出更长的文章、更完整的句子，并且写字速度更快。
It really is an honor that a complete stranger would go out of their way for someone they have never met before.【2012全国一阅读】一个完全陌生的人努力帮助一个素未谋面的人，这真是无比荣幸。
complain [k m ple n] v.抱怨，控诉；
用法：complain (to sb) of/about sth 向某人抱怨某事
Some complain of unfriendly coworkers and feel sad for eight-hour workweeks devoted to tasks they hate.【2015 浙江完形】一些人抱怨同事不友好，并且为每天投入八小时做自己不喜欢的工作而感到悲哀。
One of their neighbors had written to complain about the sound of the piano.【2015北京完形】他们的其中一个邻居抱怨钢琴声音。
complain的名词形式: complaint
complaint [k m ple nt] n. 抱怨；投诉
The main purpose of introducing a “forever stamp” is to respond to the complaints about rising postal rates.【2012上海阅读】介绍“forever stamp”的主要目的是回应关于邮费上涨的抱怨。
Customer Complaint Form客户投诉表 【2015北京】
complex [ k mpleks] adj. 复杂的
The real reason why prices were, and still are, too high is complex, and no short discussion
can satisfactorily explain this problem.【2015江苏】物价在过去和现在都很高的原因是复杂的，任何短暂的讨论都无法解释这一问题。
同义词：complicated adj. 复杂的
component [k m p n nt] n. 零件，组成部分
Its basic components are used as fertilizer, and so will enrich the soil.【2012湖南阅读】他的基本成分被用作肥料并且将会使土壤肥沃。
compose [k m p z] v. 构成；创作
Peterson composed two other songs herself after classroom discussions about the play and the book.【2012山东阅读】Peterson在关于该戏剧和剧本的课堂讨论之后自己创作了其他两首歌。
用法：be composed of 由……组成
The symbol, created using a calligraphic art form, is composed of human and tree-like shapes.【2012浙江阅读】这个标志是由人和向树一样的形状组成的。
含有“构成”之意的词与短语：make up构成，组成; consist of 由……组成
compose的名词形式：composition; composer
co