01 高考单词A（2015-2024）十年高考英语3500单词分字母汇编（高考真句+故事记忆法）

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
高考单词A（解析版）
目录
高考单词A 1
故事记忆法 58
abandon [ b nd n] v. 抛弃
【真句】The one in the new environment should be sympathetic to the fact that your friend may feel abandoned. 【2022年全国乙卷】在新环境中的人应该同情你的朋友可能会感到被遗弃的事实。
同义词：Forsaken, fancy-free adj. 被抛弃的；无约束的；恣意放荡的；寡廉鲜耻的
【真句】...advocates repairing cellphones rather than abandoning them【2020江苏】 主张修理手机而不是抛弃它们。
同义词：desert v. 抛弃 n. 沙漠
【真句】...or abandoning phone calls altogether and moving towards data-based communications-using apps like Face Time or WhatsApp, which can be tied to your identity.或者完全放弃电话，转向基于数据的通信——使用像Face Time或WhatsApp这样的应用程序，这些可以与你的身份联系起来。
同义词：Waiving v. 放弃；屈服
ancestor [ ns st (r)] n. 祖宗； 祖先
【助记】ance来自“once曾经”，st表示站立stand ,or表示“人”，曾经站立的的人→祖先。
【真句】We are tempted by sugary treats because our ancestors lived in a calorie-poor world, and our brains developed a response mechanism to these treats that reflected their value — a feeling of reward and satisfaction.我们受到含糖食物的诱惑，因为我们的祖先生活在卡路里贫乏的世界，我们的大脑对这些食物的反应机制反映了它们的价值——一种奖励和满足的感觉。【2024年1月浙江卷】
【真句】we can marry the best of our modern insights with the handiness of our ancestors.【2020年北京】我们可以把我们最好的现代见解与我们祖先的灵巧结合起来。
able [ e bl] adj. 能够的
用法：be able to do sth 能够做某事
【真句】After Charlie had a heart attack, Tindale says, she was prepared to put him to sleep, but Farber’s treatments eased her dog’s suffering so much that she was able to keep him alive for an additional five months. Charlie在查理心脏病发作后，她准备让他睡觉，但法伯的治疗使她的狗的疼痛大大减轻，使她能够让他多活了五个月。【2024年6月新课标全国Ⅰ卷】
【真句】They are able to have entire conversations with humans using meows and you're able to interpret it.它们能够使用喵喵声与人类进行完整的对话，而你可以对其进行解读。【2024年6月新课标全国甲卷】
【真句】That's why most pet cats are able to tell immediately if their owners were around any other cats, which they don't usually like.【2024年6月新课标全国甲卷】
【真句】However, another way the cats are able to distinguish between situations is by looking for familiar smells.【2024年6月新课标全国甲卷】
【真句】Ideally a history would bring together texts and objects, and some chapters of this book are able to do just that, but in many cases we simply can’t. 【2023全国乙卷】理想情况下，一段历史会把文本和对象结合在一起，而这本书的一些章节能够做到这一点，但在很多情况下，我们根本不能。
【真句】She is confident that small land areas can bring large returns if farmers are able to adapt by planting sustainable crops....【2023四省联考】她相信，如果农民能够通过种植可持续的作物来适应，小块土地可以带来巨大的回报。
【真句】...they are able to do the same with less symmetrical (对称的) shapes.【2022全国甲卷】它们能够用不那么对称的形状来做同样的事情。
able的反义词：unable [ n e bl] adj. 不能够 用法：be unable to do 不能做某事
【真句】With the young unable to afford to leave home and the old at risk of isolation...【2020全国3】由于年轻人负担不起离家的费用，而老年人则面临着被隔离的风险（孤独）...
able的动词：enable [ ne bl] vt. 使能够 用法：enable sb/sth to do sth 使某人或某物能够做某事
【真句】Speech recognition enables them to understand what a person is saying...【2021年6月天津卷】语音识别使他们能够理解一个人在说什么...
able的三个名词形式：ability; disability; inability
ability [ b l t ] n. 能力
【真句】Follow-up studies with the children later in life showed a connect ion between an ability to wait long enough to obtain a second treat and various forms of success.【2024年1月浙江卷】后来对这些孩子进行的后续研究表明，等待足够长的时间以获得第二份奖励的能力和各种形式的成功之间存在联系。【真句】In spite of the court hearing testimonials (证明) of her ability as a doctor, she was banned from medicine. 【2023全国乙卷】尽管法庭听取了关于她作为一名医生的能力的证词（证明），但她还是被禁止行医。
【真句】This ability to recognize that a shape will need to be turned in a specific direction before it will fit is called an “allocentric frame of reference”.【2022全国甲卷】这种认识到一个形状在适应特定方向之前需要转动的能力被称为“异中心参照系”。
【真句】With their ability to see ahead, they could signal any problem, so that fast-moving trains would be able to react in time.【2022年6月全国乙卷】当他们能够看到前方时，他们可以发出任何问题的信号，以便快速行驶的列车能够及时做出反应。
inability [ n b l ti] n. 无能力
【真句】The inability to engage with longer-term causes and consequences leads to some of the world’s most serious problems: climate change, biodiversity collapse, and more.【2023年北京卷】无法应对长期原因和后果导致了世界上一些最严重的问题：气候变化、生物多样性崩溃等等。
【真句】When St. Augustine admitted his inability to define time, he highlighted one of time's most noticeable qualities...【2021年北京卷】当圣奥古斯丁承认他无法定义时间时，他强调了时间最显著的特性之一……
【真句】This was one more weapon for her to defeat my strange problem — inability to read.【2015天津阅读】 这是打败我那奇怪问题的又一件武器——不能读书。
disability [d s b l t ]n. 残疾
【真句】Some positions require students to be 15 to 24 or up to 29 for persons with a disability.【2019全国1.】有些职位要求学生年龄在15到24岁之间，残疾人的年龄最高可达到29岁。
disability的形容词形式：disabled [d s e b( )ld] adj. 残疾的
【真句】Some people tend to look down upon disabled people and regard them as unfit for a regular life.【2019.3天津】有些人往往看不起残疾人，认为他们不适合过上正常的生活。
angle [ ɡ( )l] n. 角度
【助记】大写字母A，形成了一个角。
【真句】She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic, making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which, by the close, will make you feel almost as smart as AI. 【2024年6月新课标全国Ⅱ卷】她从商人的实际角度写作，而不是作为学者，这使得她的指南非常易于接近和信息丰富，到结束时，你会觉得自己几乎和人工智能一样聪明。
【真句】Waterfalls &Wide Angles: meet at Artist Point.【2023新课标全国Ⅱ卷】瀑布与宽角镜头：在艺术家点相遇。
【真句】We have looked at our planet from every angle【2020江苏】 我们从各个角度看我们的星球。
【拓展】triangle [ tra ɡl] n. adj. 三角形; 三角形的 （tri）
【真句】Instead of looking at the situation from this hopeless angle, look at everything you still have and be thankful for all of the good in your life.【2015年全国卷1】不要从这个绝望的角度来看待情况，看看你仍然拥有的一切，并对你生活中所有的美好表示感激。
abnormal [ b n m( )l] adj. 不正常的，异常的
【真句】The bear behaved abnormally, probably because of hunger.【2014北京阅读】 可能由于饥饿，那只熊表现地不正常。
abnormal的反义词：normal
normal [ n m( )l] adj.正常的
【真句】This unbeatable price-point encouraged me to experiment with dozens of titles that I would never normally consider buying.【2024年1月浙江卷】这个无法抗拒的价格点鼓励了我尝试购买数十个我通常不会考虑购买的标题。
【真句】But experts say that this is a normal and necessary part of friendship for kids this age. 【2024年1月九省联考】但是专家表示，对于这个年龄段的孩子来说，这是友谊的一个正常且必要的部分。
【真句】...making a great place for both wildlife and local people who may not normally have easy access to nature.【2022年6月浙江卷】为野生动物和当地人创造了一个很好的地方，他们通常不容易接近大自然。
【真句】For them, it’s just normal.【2022年6月新高考2卷】对他们来说，这只是正常的。
【真句】Unlike a normal Parisian apartment, the plumbing （水管）worked.【2021年6月新高考1卷】与普通的巴黎公寓不同，管道（水管）工作正常。
aboard [ b d] adv＆prep 在（船、火车或飞机）上；上（船、火车车或飞机）
【真句】Anderson still wanted to see the sights, so she jumped aboard a streetcar.【2015江苏阅读】
Anderson仍然想看风景，所以他跳上了轻轨电车。
易混词：abroad [ br d] adv. 在国外，到国外
associate [ s e t] v. 联想, 联系
【真句】The important thing is that the technologist associates what is happening outside the patient's body with what the patient sees in his head....【2021年3月天津卷】重要的是，技术人员将患者体外发生的事情与患者头脑中看到的东西联系起来......
【真句】... some of the injuries associated with running, such as runner’s knee, are uncommon among race walkers.【2020全国】一些与跑步有关的伤害，如跑步者的膝盖，在赛跑运动员中是不常见的。
【真句】Many of these genes produce proteins (蛋白质) that can improve blood sugar regulation and insulin (胰岛素) levels throughout the body and so are associated with improved metabolic health. 【2020江苏卷】许多这些基因产生的蛋白质，可以改善全身的血糖调节和胰岛素（胰岛素）水平，因此与改善代谢健康有关。
【拓展】association [ s s e ( )n] n. 协会, 社团, 联系
abolish [ b d] vt. 废除
abortion [ b n] n. 流产，堕胎
abrupt [ br pt] adj. 突然的
absent [ bs nt] adj. 缺席的，不在的；缺乏的，没有的；
【真句】 Failure to provide enough chaperones will result in an extra charge of $50 per absent adult.【2022年6月新高考2卷】未能提供足够监护人将导致每缺少一名成人额外收费50美元。
【真句】It was a beautiful house, too, with a plastic-covered sofa and chairs, wall-to-wall blue-and-white carpeting, a white enamel stove, a washing machine and a dryer—things that were common in her neighborhood, absent in mine.【2019.6上海】这也是一所漂亮的房子，有塑料覆盖的沙发和椅子，一堵墙上的蓝白地毯，白色搪瓷炉，洗衣机和烘干机——这些在她的社区很常见，在我的社区是不存在的。
【真句】What I failed to expect was that several students were absent.【2014湖南阅读】我没有预料到的是一些学生缺席了。
短语：be absent from 缺席……
【真句】He will be absent from class.【2013天津】他将缺席课程。
absent的名词形式：absence：
absent的反义词：present adj. 出席的，到场的
absence [ bs ns] n. 缺席，不在；缺乏，没有
【真句】The absence of a signature tells us that the writer cannot be too serious and therefore does not deserve a reply.【2014江西阅读】没有签名告诉我们作者不是很严肃，所以我们不需要回复。
absolute [ bs lu t] adj. 绝对的
【真句】 I absolutely think we will get more riders just because of short stories.【2024年6月新课标全国Ⅱ卷】我绝对认为我们会因为短篇故事而吸引更多的骑行者。
【真句】Forget about time as an absolute.【2021年6月北京卷】忘记时间是绝对的。
absorb [ b s b] vt吸收
【真句】To absorb heat from the sun to heat water, you need large, flat, black surfaces.【2014安徽阅读】
为了吸收太阳的热量来加热水，你需要一个大的、平的、黑的表面
短语：be absorbed in sth被……吸引
【真句】 Lancom trains your brain to learn efficiently, so you absorb more information while in the app and continue learning outside of it.【2020北京】Lancom训练你的大脑有效地学习，这样你就可以在应用程序中吸收更多的信息，并在应用程序之外继续学习。
abstract [ bstr kt] adj. 抽象的； n. 摘要，概括
【真句】Though these new friends were abstract painters using oil paints...【2024年6月北京卷】尽管这些新朋友是使用油画颜料的抽象画家...
【真句】 I shaped individual letters into repeating lines, which were abstract forms, delightful but meaningless patterns.【2024年6月北京卷】我把单个字母塑造成重复的线条，这些线条是抽象的形式，令人愉悦但没有意义的图案。
【真句】I thought anything abstract left too much room for argument.【2019.6天津】我认为任何抽象的东西都留下太多的争论空间。
an abstract of a lecture 讲演的摘要【高考真句】
反义词：concrete adj. 具体的
absurd [ b s d] adj. 荒谬的
【真句】It sounds absurd.【2013辽宁阅读】这听起来很荒谬。
同义词:ridiculous
abundant [ b nd nt] adj. 充足的，丰富的
【真句】Its raw materials are abundant in nature.【2012湖南阅读】它的原材料在自然界中非常丰富。
abundant的名词形式：abundance
同义词：adequate adj.充足的；ample adj. 充足的,丰富的
abuse [ bju z] n. vt. 滥用；辱骂，虐待
【真句】The misuse of medications may be the most common form of drug abuse among the elderly. 【2015上海阅读】药物的不当使用也许是老年人当中最普遍的药物滥用形式。
【真句】I am interested in doing volunteer work for abused children. 【2012广东信息匹配】 我非常有兴趣为被虐待的学生做志愿者工作。
academic [ k dem k] adj. 学术的；n. 大学老师
She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic...【2024年6月新课标全国Ⅱ卷】她从商人的实际角度而不是学者的角度写作...
【真句】Most universities host welcome events before the academic year officially begins, including freshmen orientations （迎新会），campus picnics, and entertainments like concerts.【2021年6月天津卷】大多数大学会在学年正式开始前举办欢迎活动，包括新生迎新会、校园野餐和音乐会等娱乐活动。
【真句】when the academics were lazy and incompetent, the students were similarly lazy. 【2015北京阅读】当大学老师懒惰且无能的时候，学生也同样地懒惰。
academy [ k d m ] n.学院
【真句】The director, who shared a dorm-room with Jack in the Film Academy, has already make four films.【2015 湖北】这位导演已经执导了四部电影，在电影学院求学时杰克与他同住在一间寝室。
accelerate [ k sel re t] vt.（使）加快，（使）加速
【真句】More efforts, as reported, will be made in the years ahead to accelerate the supply-side structural reform. 【2016江苏】正如报道的一样，我们以后将会做出更大的努力加速供应方的结构改革。
拓展：accelerate的名词形式：acceleration
accent [ ks nt] n. 口音
【真句】Jonathan Harrington wanted to discover whether accent changers recorded over the past half century would take place within one person.【2013全国二】Jonathan Harrington想发现是否在过去半个世纪所记录的口音改变会发生在一个人的身上。
accept [ k sept] vt. 接受
【真句】We all want it… to accept and love ourselves.【2020年7月全国1卷】我们都想要它……去接受和爱我们自己。
【真句】It seems that most people don’t want to accept the responsibility for having made a mistake. 【2015天津阅读】似乎大多数人不愿意承担犯错的责任。
accept的形容词形式：acceptable [ k sept bl] adj.可接受的
【真句】Designer Jennifer Anderson admits it took her a while to come around to the opinion that using nutria fur for her creations is morally acceptable.【2020全国2.】设计师詹妮弗·安德森承认，她花了一段时间才意识到，使用海皮在道德上是可以接受的。
accept的名词形式：acceptance [ k sept ns] n. 接受
拓展: accept 与receive之间的区别
receive表示“客观上收到”（不受自己控制）；accept表示“主观上愿意接受”
【真句】She received a gift from him, but did not accept it.她收到了一份礼物，但是没有接受。
access [ kses] n. 进入权，使用权（access作名词时后面一定要加to）； v. 获得，得到
【真句】 The authorities closed access to the bridge and tens of thousands of people made their way back to land.【2020海南】当局关闭了通往这座桥的通道，成千上万的人返回了陆地。
【真句】One reason for her preference for city life is that she can have easy access to places like shops and restaurants.【2015上海】她喜欢城市生活的原因之一是她可以很容易地去商店或者餐馆。
【真句】Levine is working with a group to provide access to the algorithm online so that anyone can calculate their biological age, identify potential risks and take steps to improve their own health in the long run.【2019.3天津】莱文正在与一个小组合作，提供在线算法，以便任何人都可以计算自己的生理年龄，识别潜在风险，并采取措施长期改善自己的健康。
【真句】A busy, fully-equipped campsite seems to go against this, so seek out smaller, more remote places with easy access to open spaces and perhaps beaches.【2014北京阅读】一个繁忙的装备齐全的野营地似乎与此相违背，所以你要找一个更小的、更远的、可以靠近开阔地或海滩的地方
access的形容词形式：accessible
accessible [ k ses bl] adj. (东西）易得到的，易使用的；（地点）易到达的，易进入的
...making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative...【2024年6月新课标全国Ⅱ卷】...制作一份易于获取且信息丰富的指南...
【真句】Frank put the medicine in a top drawer to make sure it would not be accessible to the kids.【2014江西】Frank将药品放在顶层的抽屉里面以确保孩子们拿不到。
【真句】Each floor also has wheelchair accessible toilets. 【2014北京阅读】每层都有残疾人轮椅进入的通道。
accident [ ks d nt] n. 交通事故；意外事件
【真句】As the result of an accident she was suddenly thrown into a world of darkness.【2015湖北完形】由于交通事故，她突然陷入了一片黑暗的世界。
【真句】However, the accident had an unexpected side effect.【2012安徽阅读】 然而这个意外事件却有一个出乎意料的副作用。
短语：by accident偶然的
【真句】But it was quite by accident that I discovered the deep meaning of his words.【2013天津阅读】
我偶然的发现了他的话的深层意思。
accident的形容词形式：accidental 意外的，偶然的
an accidental Injury【2014福建阅读】意外受伤
accommodation [ k m de ( )n] n. 住处
【真句】You are required to pay accommodation fees for the full period of the residency contract.【2019.3天津】你必须支付整个居住合同期间的住宿费。
【真句】The host will provide accommodation and meals.【2015天津阅读】主人将提供食宿。
accompany [ k mp n ] vt陪伴，陪同；伴随；附有（书、文件）
【真句】Child must be accompanied by two paying adults.【2015福建阅读】儿童必须有两个付费成年陪同。
【真句】The symptoms of food poisoning are always accompanied by a fever.【2015广东阅读】食物中毒伴有发烧症状。
【真句】But the donator started sending envelopes with cash to deserving causes，accompanied by an article from the local paper.【2012福建阅读】捐赠者开始将带有现金的信封送给值得帮助的人，信里面附有来自当地报纸的文章
accomplish [ k mpl ] vt 完成，实现
【真句】Much of the work in today's world is accomplished（完成）in teams.【2019年北京卷】当今世界的大部分工作都是通过团队来完成的。
【真句】Wherever you are, you can accomplish your achievement.【2013湖南阅读】不管你在什么地方，你都可以实现你的成就。
同义词achieve v. 完成
according to 根据
account [ ka nt] n. 账户
【真句】Lighting accounts for about 7% of the total electricity consumed in the US.【2020全国1】照明设备约占美国总用电量的7%。
【真句】The Winners Club is a bank account specially designed for teenagers.【2015江西阅读】赢家俱乐部是一个专门为青少年设计的银行账户。
短语：account of描述
【真句】I gave an honest account of the students’work.【2014浙江完形】我诚实地描述了学生们的表现。
1. take account of sth = take sth into account/consideration把某事考虑进去
【真句】This research takes account of parental education and family income.【2012广东阅读】该研究把父母教育、家庭收入考虑进去。
【真句】The Iroquois Indians took safety into account while building their house.【2015福建阅读】
Iroquois Indians人在建造房屋时把安全性考虑进去。
on account of sth 因为，由于
【真句】We delayed our spots meeting on account of bad weather.【高考真句】由于天气不好我们推迟了运动会。
account for占（一定的数量或比例）
【真句】The good news is that federal loans account for about three quarters of student borrowing, [2015山东阅读]好消息是联邦贷款占学生借款的3/4。
accountant [ ka ntnt] n. 会计师
accumulate [ kju mj le t] vt. 积累，积聚
【真句】After all, much of this knowledge has been accumulated (积累) from thousands of years of experience in family health care.【2014陕西阅读】毕竟许多这样的知识是从多年的家庭护理的经验当中积累的。
【真句】The consequence, if the bubbles (气泡) accumulate in a joint, is sharp pain and a bent body.【2013江苏阅读】如果气泡在关节积聚，结果你会感到非常的痛并且身体会弯曲。
其名词形式：accumulation
accurate [ kj reit] adj. 准确的
When enough of these errors are averaged together, they cancel each other out, resulting in a more accurate estimate.
【真句】According to the study, who made the most accurate prediction of their future life satisfaction 【2013湖北阅读】根据研究，谁对他们未来的满意度做出最准确的预测？
同义词：precise, exact, correct
【真句】Most people experienced precise dividing lines between days of rest and days of work, school time and summer time. 【2014湖北阅读】大多数学生经历了工作于学习以及上学时间和暑假时间的准确分界线。
accurate的名词：accuracy [ kj r s ] n. 准确，准确性
accuse [ kju z] vt. 控告，指责
用法：accuse sb of doing 控告/指责某人做了某事
【真句】The boy made trouble for his teacher because he was accused of destroying property.【2014湖北阅读】男孩给他的孩子制造麻烦因为他被指责破坏了财产。
同义词：charge ab with sth 控告，指责
accustomed [ k st md] adj. 习惯的
用法：be accustomed to (doing) sth 习惯做某事=be used to doing sth
【真句】I'm accustomed to listening to some light music before sleep.【2014湖北阅读】我习惯在睡觉前听轻音乐。
ache [e k] vi. 疼痛，作痛 n. 疼痛
【真句】That afternoon, I raced home, sat down at the computer, and typed until my fingers ached.【2013天津阅读】那天下午我跑回家坐在电脑前面打字直到我的手指感到疼痛。
【真句】I shook my head stubbornly—and felt the ache in my tooth.【2013重庆阅读】我固执地摇摇头，感到牙齿很疼。
achieve [ t i v] vt.达到，取得；实现
【真句】The innovative design requires little effort to achieve a reliable weekly supply of fresh greens. 【2024年6月新课标全国Ⅱ卷】创新的设计需要很少的努力就能实现每周可靠的新鲜绿叶蔬菜供应。
【真句】Jennifer sacrificed (牺牲) to achieve her goal, giving up many nights with her kids and missing important events to study.【2020年新高考全国Ⅰ卷(山东卷）】Jennifer为了实现她的目标做出了牺牲，她放弃了和孩子们在一起的许多夜晚，并且为了学习而错过了重要的活动。
【真句】I used to try effective method to achieve my academic goals.【2014辽宁 阅读】我过去常常使用有效的方法去实现我的学术目标。
【真句】But this report shows that sustainable building design on its own is not enough to achieve such reductions: the behaviour of the people using the building has to change too.【2014湖南 阅读】这个报告显示可持续的建筑设计不能够独自达到这一缩减目标：房屋使用者的行为也必须做出改变。
achieve的名词：achievement
achievement [ t i vm nt] n. 成绩，成就；完成，实现
【真句】List all of your accomplishments and achievements.【2020年7月全国1卷】列出你所有的成绩和成就。
【真句】The achievement of a particular goal makes you feel good and contributes to your confidence. 【2013重庆完形】特定目标的实现可以让你觉得自己不错并且有助于增加自信。
acid [ s d] adj. 酸的 n. 酸
acknowledge [ k n l d ] v. 承认；感谢；理会
【真句】Though he acknowledges that engineering works can fail because the person who thought them up or engineered them simply got things wrong...【2020海南】尽管他承认工程作品之所以失败，是因为构思或设计它们的人只是搞错了...
【真句】An important step is acknowledging our shortcomings.【2013安徽阅读】一个重要的一步就是承认我们的短处
【真句】We wish to acknowledge the support of the university.【高考真句】我们希望感谢大学的支持。
acknowledge的名词：acknowledgement [ k n l d ment] 承认；感谢；理会
acquaintance [ kwe nt ns] n. 熟人
acquire [ kwa ] v.获得，取得；学到
【真句】Music provides a kind of perception (感知) that cannot be acquired any other way.【2014北京阅读】
音乐提供一种感知，这种感知不能通过其他方式获得。
【真句】It’s important to continue teaching handwriting and help children acquire the skill of writing by hand. 【2012天津阅读】继续教手写并且帮助儿童学到手写的技能非常重要。
acquire的名词形式acquisition
acquisition [ kw z n] n. 获得；习得
【真句】It enables students to get enough practice for the short time of their studying so that their language acquisition is likely to become faster.【2012 湖南写作】 它可以让学生们在短期学习时间内获得足够的练习，这样他们的语言习得有可能变得更快。
acre [ e k ] n. 英亩
act [ kt] v.行动，做某事；表现；n. 行动，行为
【真句】It’s generally believed that people act the way they do because of their personalities and attitudes. 【2014重庆阅读】人们普遍认为人们按照他们做事方式行事是由于性格和态度的原因。
【真句】Food supplies in the flood-stricken area are running out. We must act immediately before there’s none left.【2012重庆】被洪水袭击的地区的食品供应即将用尽，在其被用光之前我们必须立即行动。
【真句】She managed to act as though I wasn’t an annoying little girl.【2014江苏阅读】她成功地表现好像我不是一个惹人生气的小女孩。
【真句】A small act of kindness brings a great joy.【2014福建阅读】小小的善意行为带来了巨大的快乐。
短语: act as 充当（此时等同于serve as）
【真句】In 2003 the Argentinean embassy in Seoul hired a local tango dancer to act as a kind of dance ambassador.【2013安徽阅读】在2003年，位于首尔的阿根廷大使馆雇佣当地的探戈舞者充当一种舞蹈大使。
act on/upon 根据……行事
【真句】The world has not yet acted upon the promise.【2013上海阅读】这个世界还没有兑现她的诺言。
act的名词形式为action n. 行动，行为；actor [ kt (r)] n. 男演员；actress [ ktr s]n. 女演员
...we all need to take action to deal with our AI-powered future...【2024年6月新课标全国Ⅱ卷】我们都需要采取行动来应对人工智能驱动的未来
action [ k ( )n] 行为；行动
【真句】This action affects the environment as a whole.【2014安徽阅读】这种行为影响整个环境。
His quick action probably saved his friend’s life.【2015安徽阅读】他的快速行动拯救了朋友的生命
take action 采取行动、措施 = take measures/steps
【真句】FDA took legal action against the distributor to stop the sale of the device on the grounds that it was dangerous to health and life.【2012广东阅读】FDA对经销商采取法律措施阻止他们销售这种装置基于它对健康和生活有害。
active [ kt v] adj. 积极的；（火山）活的，随时会喷发的
【真句】He was active in class.【2015卷二】他们在课堂上非常积极。
【真句】There are guided tours every day up this highly active volcano, giving travelers a chance to see Mother Nature at her most powerful.【2013重庆阅读】每天都有导游在这个非常活跃的活火山之上，给旅客一个机会去看看Mother Nature的强大之处。
active的反义词passive被动的，消极的
activity [ k t v t ] n. 活动
【真句】The activity will start at 2:30 pm and finish 90 minutes later.【2015福建阅读】活动开始于下午2：30并且90分钟以后结束。
actual [ kt l]adj. 实际的，真实的
【真句】However, I couldn’t let myself have a go at actually doing it.【2024年6月北京卷】然而，我不能让自己真的去做这件事。
【真句】On Monday mornings it usually takes me an hour to drive to work although the actual distance is only 20 miles.【2013陕西】在星期一早上我通常开一个小时去工作，尽管实际距离只有20里
actual的副词形式:actually 事实上，实际上 (此时等同于in fact, as a matter of fact)
acute [ kju t]adj. 严重的，强烈的
【真句】A new review based on a research shows that acute stress affects the way the brain considers the advantages and disadvantages. [阅读]2012北京 基于研究的一个新评论表明严重的压力会影响大脑考虑优缺点的方式。
同义词：serious adj. 严重的
ad = advertisement [ d v t sm nt]n. 广告
adapt [ d pt] v. 修改，改变；改编；（使）适应
【真句】It is true that the lifestyle would be different, but human life and cultures have adapted in the past and surely could in the future.【2015江西阅读】 生活方式是会不一样，但是人们的生活和文化在过去已经改变了并且在未来肯定也会改变。
【真句】People in Ethiopian highlands have adapted to living at high altitudes.【2020全国3】埃塞俄比亚高地的人们已经适应了生活在高海拔地区。
短语：adapt to适应（此时等于adjust to）
【真句】It was the culture, rather than the language, that made it hard for him to adapt to the new environment abroad.【2014福建】是文化而不是语言使适应国外的文化非常难
【真句】They have little difficulty adjusting to the change.【2013广东阅读】 他们对于适应这个改变有点小困难。
adapt的名词形式：adaption
adaption [ d p te n] 适应；
When Grace first arrived at the Ocean Park, her trainer worried about her adaptation to the surroundings.【2013北京阅读】当Grace第一次到Ocean Park的时候，他的训练师担心她对周围环境的适应。
add [ d] v.（数学上的）加；增加；补充说
【真句】But while you probably add only a small amount of salt to your food, road crews spread about 20 million tons of salt on U. S. roads every year!【2020.1浙江】但是，虽然你可能只在食物中添加了少量的盐，但道路工作人员每年在美国的道路上传播了大约2000万吨的盐！
【真句】The dictionary is out of date: many words have been added to the language since it was published. 【2016天津】这个字典过时了；自从它出版以来该语言加入了很多单词。
短语: add … to … 把… 加到 …
【真句】He added his own imagination to the story.【2014浙江阅读】他把他自己的想象力加到故事当中
add to 增加
【真句】Perhaps you think you could easily add to your happiness with more money.【2014福建阅读】也许你认为用更多的钱可以很容易增加你的幸福。
add up （把……）加起来
【真句】By the end of the day, I could remember orders, add up the bill, and make change quickly with a smile.【2012湖南完形】那天快结束的时候我可以记住订单，数钱以及带着微笑快速找零。
add up to 总数是
【真句】Remember: little steps add up to big dreams.【2015天津阅读】记住：不积硅步，无以至千里。
add的名词形式是addition
addition [ d n] n. 增加，增强
【真句】One obvious advantage to the profession is the addition of money provided by television companies. 【2015江西回答问题】该行业的一个明显优势就是电视公司增加了资金的投入。
短语：in addition 此外
【真句】In addition, when it comes to practicing our musical instruments, I have to practice more than double the time.【2015福建单词拼写】此外在练习乐器方面，我的练习时间是以前的两倍。
in addition to 除……之外（还有）
【真句】In addition to these traditional activities, we have a wider range of choices.【2013辽宁阅读】除这些传统活动之外，我们有更广泛的选择。
addition的形容词形式: additional
Additionally, it could serve a larger audience such as a hospital, restaurant or school. 【2024年6月新课标全国Ⅱ卷】此外，它还可以服务于更广泛的观众，比如医院、餐馆或学校。
additional [ d n l]adj. 增加的，额外的
【真句】... she was able to keep him alive for an additional five months.【2024年6月新课标全国Ⅰ卷】...她设法让他多活了五个月。
【真句】And he surely deserves additional praise.【2013江苏阅读】他当然值得额外的赞扬。
addicted [ d kt d] adj. 上瘾的
【真句】This might also help explain why women are less likely to become addicted than men.【2012北京阅读】这也许有助于解释为什么女性比男性更不可能上瘾
短语：be addicted to doing 沉溺于
【真句】He became addicted to drinking.【2015福建阅读】他开始沉溺于酗酒。
addicted的名词形式：addiction [ d k n]瘾
address. [ dres] n. 地址；演说 v. 解决；称呼；写给
【真句】On the same sheet of paper, write or type your name, address, telephone number, and birth date.【2020年新高考全国Ⅰ卷(山东卷）】在同一张纸上，写下或键入你的姓名、地址、电话号码和出生日期。
【真句】We drove in silence to the address she had given me.【2013北京阅读】我们安静地开往她之前给我的地址。
【真句】The president gave an address yesterday.【高考真句】昨天总统做了演讲
【真句】The organization seeks to address the needs of the homeless population in the United States.【2015辽宁阅读】该组织寻求解决美国无家可归人的需要。
拓展：“演讲”的同义词： speech/ lecture/talk
give /deliver a(n) address /speech/ lecture/talk 做演讲
adequate [ d kw t] adj. 充足的
【真句】Carrying adequate batteries, however, would make the plane too heavy to get off the ground.【2020.5天津】然而，携带足够的电池会使飞机太重，无法离开地面。
If we hadn’t made adequate preparations, the conference wouldn’t have been so successful.【2012山东】如果我没有做充足的准备，这个会议就不会如此成功
同义词：abundant充足的；ample 充足的
adjust [ d st] v. 调整
Students do not adjust their sleep patterns well.【2014四川阅读】学生们没有很好地调整他们的睡眠模式。
用法：adjust to 适应（此时等于adapt to）
They have little difficulty adjusting to the change.【2013广东阅读】他们很容易适应变化。
adjust A to B调整A以适应B
Obviously, students are terrible at adjusting their sleep cycles to their daily schedule.【2014四川阅读】很明显，学生们并不擅长调整睡眠周期以适应日常作息表。
adjust的名词adjustment [ d stm nt] n. 调整；适应
administration [ dm n stre n] n. 管理；政府
Business administration is a great major.【2014广东】商业管理是一个很好的专业。
The Obama administration said it continues to support the expansion of nuclear power, despite the crisis in Japan.【2013全国一阅读】奥巴马政府说它将继续支持核能的扩大，尽管在日本出现了危机。
admire [ d ma (r)] v. 钦佩；羡慕；欣赏
I admire people who go overseas to find a job.【2012湖北阅读】我钦佩那些去国外找工作的人。
It’s a good feeling for people to admire the Shanghai World Expo that gives them pleasure.【2015福建】去欣赏可以给人们带来快乐的上海世博会感觉很好。
All the neighbors admire this family, where the parents are treating their child like a friend.【]2013安徽】所有的邻居都羡慕这个家庭，在这个家庭里父母对待小孩就像对待朋友一样。
admire的形容词：admirable；admire的名词：admiration
admirable [ dm r b( )l]adj. 令人敬佩的
Twain was an admirable figure comparable to Abraham Lincoln.【2013江苏阅读】马克吐温是一个可以与林肯相比的令人敬佩的人物。
admiration [ dm rei n]n. 钦佩，羡慕
The author showed her admiration for him.【2015北京阅读】作者展示出对他的钦佩。
admit [ d m t] v. 承认；允许……进入/加入
I don’t really like the author, although I have to admit his books are very exciting.【2014山东阅读】我不是真的喜欢该作者尽管我不得不承认他的书很有趣。
A hole in the top of the roof admitted the light, and allowed the smoke to pass out.【2015福建阅读】
屋顶的洞可以让光进入并且可以让烟出去。
短语: be admitted to 被……录用/录取
News came from the school office that Wang Lin had been admitted to Beijing University.【2014四川】王琳被北京大学录取的消息从学校办公室传来。
admit的名词：admission
admission [ d m ( )n] n. 承认；允许进入/加入；录取，录用
Members receive free admission to the Museum.【2014辽宁阅读】会员可以免费进入博物馆。
Once they decide which college to go to, students should research the admission procedures.【2015北京】一旦他们决定去那所大学，学生们应该研究那所大学的录取程序。
adolescence[ d 'lesns] n. 青春期
adolescent [ d les nt] n. 青少年
Reed Larson and his colleagues examined adolescents' daily activities and found that they spend more time talking to their friends than engaging in any other activity.【2012上海阅读】Reed Larson和他的同事检查青少年的日常活动并发现：与参加其它活动相比，他们花更多的时间与朋友谈话
同义词：teenager n. 青少年
adopt [ d pt]v. 收养；采用
...then to teach you how to adopt this philosophy if you decide it’s right for you.【2024年1月九省联考】 ...然后教你如何采纳这种哲学，如果你决定它适合你的话。
She had just been adopted by a family in town.【2014北京阅读】她刚刚被城里的一户人家收养。
Women should adopt their husbands' family names after marriage.【2015辽宁阅读】女性在结婚后采用他们丈夫的姓氏。
易混词：adapt v. 修改
adore [ d ] v. 深爱，喜欢
Maja swore she would honor the little girl by swimming with a dolphin, an animal that both girls adored.【2015湖北完形】Maja发誓她将会通过和海豚游泳的方式来悼念这个小女孩，海豚是他们俩都喜欢的动物。
adult [ d lt] n. 成人
The most competent adults are those who know how to do this.【2016天津阅读】最有竞争力的成人是那些知道怎样做这些的人。
advance[ d vɑ ns] n. 进步，进展； v. 进步；前进；adj. 预先的
We can, instead, use this idea to advance scientific knowledge.【2024年6月北京卷】我们可以用这个想法来推进科学知识。
In the near future, more advances in the robot technology will be made by scientists.【2015湖南】 在不久的将来，科学家将在机器人科技方面取得更大的进步。
Science is advancing so fast.【2014重庆阅读】科技正在迅速进步。
We saw several natives advancing towards our party.【2006湖南】我们看到几个当地人朝我们的派对走来。
advance booking/planning/warning 【高考真句】预先订购/计划/警告
If we have advance warning, we'll be able to reduce the damage.【2015上海阅读】如果我们预先得到警告的话我们就可以减少损坏。
短语：in advance 提前
I’d appreciate it if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will come.【2014陕西阅读】
如果你提前告知我你是否会来的话我会很感激的。
advance的形容词形式：advanced
advanced [ d vɑ nsd] adj. 先进的，高级的
Modern hunters should use more advanced weapons.【2012北京阅读】现代猎人应该使用更先进的武器。
advantage [ d vɑ nt d ] n. 优势；优点，好处；
Train Travel has some advantages over air travel.【2012江西阅读】乘火车出行比乘飞机出行有更多的优势。
The disadvantages of new technology outweigh its advantages.【2015北京阅读】新科技的缺点大于优点。
反义词：disadvantage, shortcoming, weakness, drawback
同义词：strength, plus, edge
短语: take advantage of利用
I’m going to take advantage of this tour to explore the history of the castle.【2016天津】我打算利用这次旅行去探索城堡的历史。
含有“利用”之意的短语：make the best/most of充分利用；make use of利用
adventure [ d vent ] n. 冒险（经历）
Life can be so wonderful, full of adventure and joy.【2015福建阅读】生活是如此美好，充满冒险与快乐。
adventure的形容词形式：adventurous [ d vent r s] adj. 冒险的
advertise [ dv ta z] v. （为……）做广告；征聘
I’m calling about the apartment you advertised the other day.【2013安徽】我打电话来询问你前些天做广告的公寓
I need to advertise for a roommate for next term.【2015天津】下学期我需要找一个室友
advertise的名词形式：advertisement
advertisement [ d v t sm nt] n. 广告
I noticed a job advertisement hiring park hosts.【2014湖北完形】我注意到了一个招聘公园护林人的广告。
advise[ d va z]v. 建议
用法：advise sb to do sth 建议某人做某事
This is a big reason why many successful people advise you to do something you love.【2013广东阅读】这就是为什么许多成功的人建议你做你喜欢的事情的重要原因
同义词：suggest v. 建议 suggest doing 建议做某事
advise的名词：advice 建议（不可数名词）；注意：suggest的名词为suggestion(可数名词)
advocate [ dv k t] v. 提倡，倡导
I hope this research will put an end to advocating strictly timed baby feeling practices.【2012广东阅读】我希望该研究将终结严格按时喂养孩子的做法。
advocate的名词形式：avocation n. 提倡，倡导
aeroplane [`er ple n] n. (英)飞机
affair [ fe ] n. 事务；事件；物品
But what began as nothing important in public affairs has grown into a social movement.【2014全国一阅读】一开始在公共事务中无关紧要的东西变成了一个社会运动。
Children who have read “Max and Martha” picture books may know how to deal with affairs at school. 【2012辽宁阅读】读过Max and Martha这本图画书的孩子知道如何处理学校的事情。
The author did not deal well with her family affairs during the flood.【2014四川阅读】在洪水期间作者没有很好地处理家里的东西。
affect [ fekt] v. 影响
This affects their nervous systems and ability to produce baby birds.【2016北京阅读】这会影响他们的神经系统以及繁殖能力。
易混词: effect n. 影响,效果；effort n. 努力
注意：affection n. 喜欢 它并不是affect的名词形式。
affection [ fek n] n. 喜爱；
用法：affection for…对……的喜爱
And now I could say it is my affection for nature that makes me a real gardener.【2012重庆完形】
现在我可以说对自然的喜爱使我成为一名真正的园艺师。
afford [ f d] v.（与can连用）买的起，有时间做某事，承担的起；（不与can连用）提供
She couldn’t afford the operation because her family was poor.【2014陕西阅读】她支付不起手术因为家里太穷了。
He cannot afford enough time with his son.【2013四川阅读】他没时间和他的孩子在一起。
They could hardly afford to live in the city.【2015安徽阅读】 他们几乎承担不了城市里的生活。
The view afforded by a building may influence an occupant's ability to concentrate.【2014北京阅读】
建筑物提供的风景会影响居住者的注意力。
afraid [ fre d] adj. 害怕的；担心的
用法: be afraid to do sth 害怕做某事
He was afraid of having a heart attack.【2013浙江阅读】他担心心脏病发作。
be afraid of (doing) sth 害怕/担心（做）某事
At times the air is so bad that I am afraid to go outside.【2013安徽阅读】有时候空气是如此的差以至于我害怕外出。
age [e d ] n. 年龄；时代 v. 衰老
We live in an age when more information is available with great ease than ever before.【2012浙江]】我们生活在一个比之前任何时候都更容易获得信息的时代。
He was much worried to see she had aged.【高考真句】他看到她衰老了许多，他非常担心
age的两个形容词形式：aged, aging
aged [e d d]adj. 年老的；aged + 具体年龄 年龄为……
What do you think we can do for our aged parents 【2012重庆】你认为我们可以为年老的父母做些什么？
Unfortunately, this trend among women does not only affect those aged over 65.【2015上海阅读】
不幸的是女性中的这一趋势不仅仅影响了那些65岁以上的女性。
aging [e d ] adj. 变老的，变旧的
The city’s aging facilities do not have the ability to deal with the waste.【2015湖北阅读】这个城市的旧设备不能处理垃圾。
agency [ e d ns ] n. 代理处，中介处，机构
He telephoned the travel agency to book three air tickets to London.【2015天津】他打电话给旅游代理去订购3张去伦敦的机票。
agent[ e d nt] n. 代理人，经纪人
I was waiting for a phone call from my agent.【2014重庆阅读】我当时正在等待来自我的经理人的电话。
agenda [ d nd ] n. 日程
aggressive [ ɡres v] adj. 好斗的；有进取心的
Playing sports may produce feelings of poor self-respect or aggressive behavior in some children.【2013上海阅读】做运动有可能导致孩子自尊受挫，也有可能激发孩子的好斗行为。
A successful businessman has to be aggressive.【高考真句】一个成功的商人必须要有进取心。
aggressive的名词形式：aggression [ ɡre n] n. 侵略
agree [ ɡri ] v. 同意，赞同
用法：agree with sb 同意某人的观点
She doesn't agree with the man.【2012上海】她不同意那个男人的观点。
agree with sth 与……相符
Twain’s themes seemed to agree with plots.【2013江苏阅读】马克吐温的主题似乎与情节相符。
agree to sth 赞同某事
I agree to his suggestion the on condition that he drops all charges.【2015辽宁】只要他撤销所有指控我就赞同他的建议。
agree on sth 在……上面达成一致
The two parties have agreed on a further negotiation.【2014福建阅读】双方在进一步协商方面达成一致。
agree with sb on sth 与某人就某物达成一致
The teens agree with their parents on the cause of the conflict.【2015湖北阅读】青少年与父母在冲突的原因上达成一致。
agree to do sth 赞同做某事
Why didn’t the writer agree to raise a dog at the beginning of the story 【2015浙江阅读】为什么作者在故事的开始不赞同养一只狗
agree的名词形式: agreement
agree的反义词：disagree v. 不同意
agreement [ ɡri m nt] n. 协议；一致；同意
However, you have to sign a 25-year agreement with the supplier.【2015四川阅读】然而你必须和供应商签订25年的协议。
What agreement do the two speakers reach at the end of the conversation 【2014湖南】在对话结尾双方在什么地方达成一致
When we sign a paper the signature is an agreement to take the matter seriously.【2014江西阅读】
当我们签字的时候，签名意味着我们同意认真考虑这个问题。
agriculture[ ɡr k lt ] n. 农业
Merrigan encourages more students to think about careers in agriculture.【2012江苏阅读】Merrigan鼓励更多的学生考虑农业中的职业。
agriculture的形容词形式：agricultural
agricultural [ ɡr k lt rl] adj. 农业的
Many of the world’s agricultural industries experience constant water shortages.【2015安徽阅读】
许多农业产业经历着持续的水短缺。
aid [e d] n. 援助，帮助 v. 帮助
Last month, the Japanese government expressed their thanks for the aid they had received from China.【2015福建】上个月日本政府表达了对于收到来自中国的援助的感谢。
短语：first aid 急救
Knowing basic first- aid techniques will help you respond quickly to emergencies.【2013福建】知道基本的急救知识将帮助你在紧急情况中做出快速反应。
aim n. 目标，目的 v.力求达到（下面的短语全是aim做动词时的用法）
He loved experimenting and his aim was to become a scientist like his father.【2012江西阅读】他喜欢做实验，并且他的目的就是成为向他爸爸那样的科学家。
短语：aim for 力求获得，力求达到
Aiming for customer delight is all very well, but if services do not reach the high level promised, disappointment or worse will be the result.【2015浙江阅读】力求让顾客高兴是一件好事，但是如果服务达不到允诺的高标准的话顾客会非常失望。
be aimed at doing sth 旨在做某事
The Department of Agriculture has programs aimed at developing more farmers and at increasing interest in locally grown food.【2012江苏阅读】农业部开展了一些项目，这些项目旨在让更多的人当农民并且增加人们最当地种植的植物的兴趣。
be aimed at sb/sth 针对……
This book is aimed at high school students.【2015湖北阅读】该书针对中学生。
Aimed at parents with young children, this energetic magazine promises to enrich the lives of families. 【2012浙江阅读】这个充满活力的杂志是针对有年轻小孩的父母的，他承诺会充实家人的生活。
aim at 以……为目标，瞄准
Project ORBIS also aims at promoting peaceful cooperation among countries.【2014辽宁阅读】ORBIS以推动国家间的合作为目标。
aim to do 力求做到某事
He aims to help people live longer, healthier, and happier lives.【2014上海阅读】他力求帮助人们过上更长，更健康和更开心的生活。
air [e ] n. 空气；天空；飞机；神态，样子；气氛 v. 播放，广播
Clean water and fresh air are essential for our daily life, without which we can’t live.【2013全国一】干净的水和新鲜的空气对于日常生活是必要的，没有这些我们将无法生存。
According to the air traffic rules, you should switch off your mobile phone before boarding.【2013上海】根据空中交通法你应该在登机前关闭手机。
One moment it was quiet and calm in the forest, the next, the air was charged with tension.【2014重庆阅读】上一时刻森林里还是安静的，下一时刻氛围就非常的紧张
She hardly ate anything and had such an air of sadness.【2015北京阅读】她几乎不吃任何东西，神态悲伤
He telephoned the travel agency to book three air tickets to London.【2015天津】他打电话给旅行中介订了三张去伦敦的机票。
Since hockey games don’t air very much on television I’ve had to look for different ways to watch hockey games.【2013全国一阅读】因为曲棍球比赛不经常在电视上直播，所以我不得不寻找看比赛的不同方式。
aircraft [ e krɑ ft] n. 飞机 (单复数同)
airline n. 航空公司
airmail [ e me l] n. 航空邮件
airplane [ e ple n] n. （美）飞机
airport [ e p t] n.飞机场
airspace [ e spe s] n.领空
alarm [ lɑ m] n. 警报；闹钟；惊恐 v. 使惊恐，使不安
The elephant had heard the distant alarm calls of animals and her mood suddenly changed.【2014重庆阅读】大象听到了动物在远处的叫声之后它的情绪突然改变了。
The alarm clock announces the start of another busy weekday in the morning.【2012湖北阅读】闹钟宣布了早晨另一个繁忙一天的开始。
Today, I am going to talk with what you should do when a fire alarm go off.【2014四川阅读】今天我想讨论当防火警报响起的时候你应该做什么。
Cities alarmed by deaths and injuries of pedestrians are taking efforts to make crosswalks safer for people on foot.【2014四川阅读】被行人的死亡人数和受伤人数惊恐的城市正在努力使人行道更安全。
album [ lb m] n. 专辑；（存照片，信件等的）簿，册
alcohol[ lk h l] n. 酒，酒精
Having a cup of tea helps to get rid of alcohol from the body.【2015福建阅读】喝杯茶有助于解酒。
alcohol的形容词：alcoholic
alcoholic [ lk h l k] adj. 酒精的 n. 嗜酒成瘾者
My own feeling is that most alcoholics and drug addicts belong to the “undeserving poor.” 【2006北京阅读】我觉得大多数嗜酒成瘾者都属于不值得帮助的穷人。
algebra [ ld br ]n. 代数
alike [ la k] adj. 相像的；adv. 相似地，同样地
The two girls are so alike that strangers find it difficult to tell one from the other.【2015山东】这两个小女孩长得如此地像以至于陌生人发现很难辨别谁是谁。
We believe this will give real “down time" for school staff and pupils alike.【2012福建阅读】我们相信这将同样给学校员工和学生自由支配时间。
alive [ la v] adj. 活着的；仍然存在的；充满活力的；
The mayor has offered a reward of $ 5000 to anyone who can capture the tiger alive or dead.【2012上海】市长将提供5000美元的奖励给任何抓住老虎的人，不管这只老虎是活着的还是死的。
When the stars say something silly or do something ridiculous, there is always the Internet to spread the news in minutes and keep their “story” alive forever.【2013北京阅读】当明星们说一些蠢话或做一些荒谬的事情的时候，互联网总会将这些消息传播开来并且使他们永远存在。
Not all bodies of water are so evidently alive as the Atlantic Ocean.【2013重庆阅读】并不是所有的水体都像大西洋那样有活力。
短语：come alive 变得生动起来
I wanted to make literature come alive and to promote a love of the written word.【2013浙江阅读】我想使文学变得生动起来并且推动人们对写作世界的热爱。
allergic [ l d k] adj. 过敏的
用法：be allergic to 对……过敏
She is allergic to paint smell.【2012湖北】她对油漆味过敏
alley [ l ] n. 小巷，胡同
allocate [ l ke t] v. 分配
The passage is meant to discuss the morals of allocating things.【2013江苏阅读】文章旨在讨论分配准则。
allocate的名词形式：allocation [ l ke t n] n. 分配
allocate的同义词：distribute v. 分配
allow [ la ] v. 允许；使有可能；
...I took oil painting as the taboo (禁忌) high form I wasn’t allowed to practice.【2024年6月北京卷】...我将油画视为禁忌的高级形式，我被禁止练习。
Big companies allowed the production of cheaper milk, thus making it difficult for milkmen to compete. [2015全国一阅读] 大公司使生产便宜的牛奶变成了可能，这使送牛奶的人很难去竞争。
用法：allow n to do sth 允许名n做某事；使n做某事成为可能
Please allow me to tell you something before you read this book.【2015重庆完形】在你读这本书之前请允许我告诉你们一些事情。
短语；allow for 考虑到；
You should always allow for the possibility that it will rain.【高考真句】你总应该考虑有可能下雨。
同义词 permit v. 允许
allowance [ la ns]n. 零花钱；限额，允许量；津贴，补助
We had to earn our allowance by doing chores around the house.【2016浙江阅读】我们不得不通过做家务的方式获得零花钱。
Once a child has used up their daily allowance gained through exercise, the television automatically switches off.【2012山东阅读】一旦儿童通过锻炼获得的日常限额被用光的时候，电视将自动关闭。
When an annual leave allowance amounts to only five weeks，there is a need to spread this across the year.【2012福建阅读】当一年的假期补助达到5周的时候，有必要将其分配在一年里。
almost[ lm st] adv. 几乎，差不多；同义词nearly
alone[ l n] adj.& adv.单独、独自；adv. 单单，仅仅，只
Then they were left alone in the room. 【2024年1月浙江卷】然后他们被单独留在房间里。
Being alone in outer space can be frightening.【2012上海完形】一个人在外太空是令人害怕的。
Mental work alone can’t make us tire.【2013辽宁阅读】单单脑力工作不会让我们感到累
短语：let alone 更不用说
We didn’t know at that time there even was an environment, let alone that there was a problem with it. 【2014全国大纲阅读】我们不知道那时候还有环境这一概念，更别说环保了！
leave sb alone不打扰某人，不管某人
The father wanted to be left alone to enjoy some peace and quiet.【2012上海阅读】
爸爸不想被打扰，以欣赏这份宁静。
aloud [ la d]adv. 出声地
In the Middle Ages, merchants employed “town criers” to read public messages aloud to promote their goods.【2015全国一阅读】在中世纪，商人雇佣own criers出声地读出公共信息以促销商品。
alphabet [ lf bet] n. 字母表，字母
already [ l red ] ad. 已经
also [ ls ] ad. 也
alternative [ l t n t v] adj.可替代性的；非传统的，新型的；n.可替代性的东西
He became interested in alternative treatments 20 years ago when he suffered from terrible back pain.【2024年6月新课标全国Ⅰ卷】他在20年前因为遭受严重的背痛而开始对替代疗法产生兴趣。
Owners can remotely switch to an alternative password if they fear that the thief has also got hold of the access details.【2014上海阅读】拥有者可以远程转向一个可替代性的密码如果他们担心贼已经得到了存取细节。
We need alternative energy badly, and to really take advantage of it we need to be able to move electricity around far more readily than we can now.【2015北京阅读】我们迫切需要新型能源，为了充分利用它我们需要能够比现在更加随时地发电。
If we expect people to give up the habit of driving, we must give them an alternative they can rely on. 【2014山东阅读】如果我们要求人们放弃开车的习惯，我们必须给他们可以依靠的可替代性的东西。
altitude [ lt tju d] n. 高度,海拔
The jet stream is a very high altitude wind which always blows from the west to the east across the Atlantic.【2015安徽阅读】喷流是一个高空中的风，它总是由大西洋的西部吹往东部。
易混词：attitude n. 态度
altogether [ lt ɡe ] adv. 完全；总共
Altogether there are around 100 annual music festivals.【2012上海阅读】每年总共有100个音乐节。
I missed my partner’s box altogether and slipped.【2012上海阅读】我完全没有踩到我同伴的盒子，然后跌到了。
“完全地”同义词: totally; completely; entirely; purely ;thoroughly
aluminium [ lj m n m] n. （化）铝
always [ lwe z] ad. 总是；一直；永远
amateur[ m t ] n. 业余爱好者，外行
professional and amateur star observers that suffers even more from light pollution.【2013天津阅读]】除了专业和业余的天文爱好者外，甚至还有一群人遭受更多的光污染。
amaze [ me z] vt. 使（某人）惊异或惊奇
We are teaching them that words do not amaze but confuse.【2012江苏阅读】
我们教的词没有让他们感到惊异而是让他们困惑。
同义词: astonish surprise
amaze的形容词：amazed；amazing
amaze的名词：amazement
amazed[ me zd] 惊奇的，惊讶的
My husband has always been good with animals, but I was still amazed when he befriended a female grouse（松鸡）。【2014四川完形】我的丈夫一直和动物的关系很友好，但是我仍然很惊讶他可以和一只松鸡成为朋友。
amazing [ me z ] 令人惊奇的，令人惊讶的
The audience was impressed by his amazing performance.【2014广东阅读】他那令人惊奇的表演给顾客留下了深刻的映像。
amazement [ me zm nt] n. 惊讶
Jessica looked in amazement as her parents began to laugh madly.【2015江西阅读】当Jessica的父母大声笑的时候，她惊讶地看着他们。
ambassador [ m b s d (r)] n. 男大使
ambassadress[ m b s dr s] n. 女大使
ambiguous [ m b ɡj s] adj. 模棱两可的
His reply to my question was somewhat ambiguous.【高考真句】他对我问题的回答有点模棱两可。
易混词：ambitous
ambitious [ m b s] adj.雄心勃勃的；野心勃勃的；艰巨的
She is an ambitious and sensitive person.【2014北京阅读】他是一个野心勃勃并且敏感的人。
In 1879, Oxford University in England asked Prof. James Murray to serve as editor for what was to be the most ambitious dictionary in the history of the English language.【2012山东阅读】在1879年，牛津大学要求James Murray担当即将是英语史上最艰难的字典的编辑。
ambitious的名词：ambition
ambition [ m b n] n. 雄心，抱负（褒）；野心（贬）
As your son grows you also age and your ambitions become more unachievable.【2016天津阅读】当你的孩子长大的时候你也衰老了，同时你的抱负也变得更加不可实现
ambulance[ mbj l ns] n. 救护车
amount [ ma nt] n. 数量，总额 [+of]；
用法：a significant/large/considerable/enormous amount(s) of 大量的
She could save such a large amount of money because she lived a very simple life.【2014广东阅读】
她可以节约如此大量的钱因为她过着一个非常简单的生活。
In a sense, they are spending a significant amount of time in fruitless efforts as they multitask.【2013重庆阅读】在一定意义上，当他们在做多任务处理的时候他们浪费了大量的时间。
短语：amount to v. （数量上）总计,达到
The donation amounted to ?190,000.【2012福建阅读】捐款达到?190,000
ample [ mp l]adj. 充足的,丰富的
There is ample evidence to prove his guilt.【高考真句】有充足的证据证明他的罪行。
同义词：abundant adj. 充足的；adequate adj. 充足的
amuse [ mju z] vt. 使开心,逗笑
Not everyone experiences anger in the same way; what angers one person may amuse another. 【2014江苏阅读】所有的人经历快乐的方式都是不一样的；使一个人生气的东西也许会让另一个人开心。
Pets are playful animals and they amuse us.【2013江西阅读】宠物是有趣的动物，它们可以逗笑我们。
近义词：entertain vt 使快乐，娱乐
amuse的形容词：amused；amusing amuse的名词：amusement
amusing [ mju z ] adj. funny and entertaining 好笑的，有趣的
Pets are amusing.【2013江西阅读】宠物是有趣的。
amused [ mju zd]adj. 开心的，被逗乐的
Lucy has a great sense of humor and always keeps her colleagues amazed with her stories. 【2015上海】Lucy有很强的幽默感并且用故事使她的同事感到开心。
amusement [ mju zm nt] n. 娱乐，开心
It took us quite a long time to get to the amusement park.【2015上海】我们花了很长时间才到达娱乐场。
“Amusement cycling” is the most fun you can have, legally, in the United States right now.【2012辽宁阅读】“快乐骑行”是你现在在美国能获得的最多的合法乐趣。
analyze [` nl,a z] vt. 分析
A report that analyzed nearly two decades of research on major GM food crops shows that GM engineering has failed to significantly increase US crop production.【2015陕西阅读】一份关于分析转基因食品的20年的报告显示转基因工程不能够大量增加美国的粮食产量。
analyze的名词：analysis [ n l s s] n. 分析
ancestor[ ns st ] n. 祖宗; 祖先
同义词：forefather n. 祖先
anchor[ nk ] n. 锚 v. 停船，抛锚
ancient [ e n nt] adj. 古代的，古老的
Some social scientists suggest that Westerners should take advantages of the ancient Chinese wisdom to make up for the drawbacks of Western philosophy.【2012辽宁阅读】一些社科学家建议西方人应该充分利用古代中国的智慧去弥补西方哲学的缺点。
Wind power is an ancient source of energy to which we may return in the near future.【2015上海】风力是一个我们在不远的将来将使用的能源。
anecdote [ n kd t] n. 逸事，趣闻
anger [ ɡ ] n.愤怒 v. 使愤怒
When I met him, I had a lot of anger inside of me.【2012福建阅读】当我见到他的时候我非常愤怒。
This really angered me.【 2013湖南阅读】这真的让我很生气。
同义词：annoyance n. 愤怒
anger的形容词：angry [ ɡ ri] adj. 生气的,愤怒的
用法：be angry with 对……感到生气
Jessica’s parents were still quite angry with each other.【2015江西阅读】杰西卡的父母仍然在生彼此的气。
同义词：annoyed adj. 生气的
animal [ n ml] n. 动物
ankle [ k l] n. 踝，踝关节
anniversary [ n v s r ] n. 周年纪念日
John and I will celebrate our fortieth wedding anniversary next month.【2014山东】约翰和我将在下个月庆祝我们第40个周年纪念日。
announce [ na ns] vt. 宣布，宣告
In January, Starbucks announced that customers could start using their phones to buy coffee in 6,800 of its stores.【2015湖北阅读】星巴克在一月宣布顾客可以使用他们的电话在6800个商店里面买东西。
announce的名词：announcement[ na nsm nt] n. 宣布、宣告
announce的近义词：declare v. 宣布
annoy [ n ] vt. (使)恼怒，使生气
But I could see that he was doing all these to annoy me. [2014湖北阅读]但是我可以看得出来他所做得一切都是为了使我恼怒/生气
annoy的两个形容词形式: annoyed；annoying
annoy的名词形式：annoyance
annoy [ n d] adj. 恼怒的，生气的
He's annoyed.【2015全国二阅读】他很生气。
annoying [ n ] adj. 令人恼怒的，令人生气的
It was really annoying; I couldn’t get access to the data bank you had recommended.【2016天津】真是太令人生气了！我无法得到你推荐的银行的信息
annoyance [ n ns] n. 生气
The possible existence of annoyance results from our inability to sort out e-mails.【2012山东阅读表达】生气的存在可能是因为我们不能整理电子邮件。
annual [ nj l] adj. 每年的，一年一次的
The annual arrival of the Saint Lukas is another attempt to improve the situation.【2024年6月新课标全国甲卷】圣卢卡斯一年一度的到来是改善局面的另一个尝试。
Each ARTS FIRST festival is a unique annual celebration of the Harvard community's artistic creativity.【2024年6月新课标全国Ⅱ卷】 每个ARTS FIRST节日都是哈佛社区艺术创造力的独特年度庆典。
University tuition fees are currently capped at 3,000 annually.【2013上海阅读】现在大学学费每年最高3000元。
answer [ ɑ ns ] v. 回答；答复；n. 回答，答复
Then they were asked to analyze the relationships by answering some questions.【2014四川阅读】然后他们被要求通过回答问题来分析关系。
Dad answered children's Christmas letters every year.【2012浙江阅读】爸爸每年都答复孩子们的圣诞信件。
But have you ever noticed the smell Unless it is bad, the answer is likely to be no.【2014北京阅读】
但是你注意到气味没有？除非气味很糟糕，否则答案可能是你没有注意到。
用法：answer to ……的答案
There are problems psychology doesn’t have the answer to, and which no words can describe.【2013广东阅读】有些问题心理学是没有答案的，并且这些问题文字也无法描述。
同义词：reply v. 回答；respond v. 回答；response n. 回答
ant [ nt] n. 蚂蚁
antique [ n ti k] n. 古董
anxiety [ za t ] n. 焦虑，担心
They also help students prepare for college mathematics and overcome their anxiety about this amazing field of study.【2012北京阅读】它们能够使学生们对大学数学做好准备并且克服他们对这一学习领域的焦虑。
Studies show that too much multitasking can lead to increased stress, anxiety and memory loss. 【2015浙江阅读】研究显示太多的多任务处理会导致越来越多的压力、担心以及失忆。
同义词：concern n. 担心; worry n. 担心
anxiety的形容词：anxious
anxious [ k s] adj. 担心的，焦虑的
用法：be anxious about对……感到担心/焦虑
Jack still can’t help being anxious about his job interview.【2016江苏】杰克情不自禁地担心他的工作面试。
be anxious to do 渴望做……
Tom was extremely anxious to meet Bingley.【2013福建阅读】Tom非常渴望见到Bingley。
“渴望”的同义词:be eager to do/for sth; be desperate to do/for sth；long to do/for sth; desire to do/for sth
apologize [ p l d a z] v 道歉
用法：apologize for sth为某事道歉
He smiled politely as Mary apologized for her drunken friends.【2012山东】当Mary为他醉酒的朋友道歉的时候，他礼貌地微笑着。
apologize to sb 向某人道歉
The woman want the man to apologize to her.【2015全国】那个女的想让那个男的向她道歉。
apologize的名词：apology
apology[ p l d ] n. 道歉
As we were about to arrive, the pilot announced with apology that there would be a slight delay before setting down.【2015四川完形】当我们即将到达的时候，飞行员抱歉地宣布飞机将延误。
apartment [ pɑ tm nt] n. 公寓
So my brother and I decided to leave the apartment.【2014山东阅读】所以我的兄弟和我决定离开这个公寓。
易混词：department n. 部门
同义词：flat n. 公寓
appeal [ pi l] v/n. 呼吁，恳求(for)；（to) 恳求，吸引
The author tries to appeal for donations.【2014江西阅读】作者呼吁捐款。
Sport has become an important form of entertainment, appealing to both men and women.【2015江西回答问题】体育已经变成了一种重要的娱乐形式，吸引着男性和女性。
用法：appeal to sb to do sth 恳求某人做某事
Iribarne’s goal of forming the foundation is to appeal to soccer players to help poor kids.【2015天津阅读】Iribarne成立基金会的目标是呼吁运动员帮助穷孩子
appear [ p ] v. 似乎，好像，显得 （appear to do/adj）；出现
When he reached the girl, she appeared lifeless, he said.【2015陕西阅读】
当他联系到那个小孩她似乎已经没有生命了。
Gradually, this noise began to appear during a show.【2015全国二阅读】渐渐地这个噪音在节目中消失了。
用法：it appears that/as if/as though似乎……，好像……
It appeared that the smaller fish were keeping themselves small in order to avoid challenging the boss fish. [2014湖南阅读]似乎小鱼保持身体瘦小是为了避免挑战大鱼。
appear的名词：appearance
appear的反义词：disappear v. 消失
appearance [ p r ns] n. 出现；外表
His appearance created an atmosphere of tension.【2014湖北阅读】他的出现创造了一种紧张的氛围。
Some people care much about their appearance and always ask if they look fine in what they are. 【2013上海】一些人非常关心他们的相貌，总是问他们的样子是否好看。
apparent [ p r nt] adj.明显的
“You have a wonderful daughter,” she said, apparently in tears.【2015重庆完形】“你有一个极好的女儿”她明显哭着说。
同义词：evident adj. 明显的；obvious adj. 明显的；striking adj. 明显的
appendix [ pend ks] n. 附录，阑尾
appetite [ p ta t] n. 胃口；欲望，爱好
He had lost his appetite and was not as active as before.【2014重庆完形】他失去了胃口并且不像以前那么活跃了。
Our appetite for new products also contributes to the problem.【2015安徽完形】我们对新产品的爱好导致这一问题。
applaud [ pl d] v. 鼓掌；称赞
We should applaud good behavior.【2013安徽阅读】我们应该称赞好的行为
Everyone in the class applauded for me.【2014广东阅读】班级里的每一个人都为我鼓掌
applaud的名词形式：applause n. 鼓掌
applaud的同义词：n. v. clap 鼓掌
apple [ p l] n. 苹果
apply [ pla ] v. 申请；（对……）适用，（对……）有效；使用，运用
British Airways also says its customer care policies are applied within the company and staff are taught to regard each other as customers requiring the highest standards of service.【2015浙江阅读】
英国航空公司说其关注消费者的政策也运用于公司内部，并且员工被要求将彼此当作要求最高服务标准的顾客。
用法：apply to 申请；（对……）适用，（对……）有效
I applied to the famous Royal Academy of Music in London.【2013江苏完形】我申请了著名的伦敦皇家音乐学院
The old rules have to be revised because they only applied to the circumstances that existed when they were made a hundred years ago.【2014湖北阅读】旧的规则必须被修改，因为他们只适用于100年前被制定时的情况。
The law will also apply to British citizens.【2014福建阅读】这条法令同样适用于英国公民。
apply for 申请
More students are applying for aid, and more families expect to need student loans.【2015山东阅读】更多的学生正在申请援助，并且更多的家庭预计需要学生贷款。
apply的名词形式：applicant；application
application [ pl ke n] n. 申请（信）；应用；应用程序（app）
“With the rise of technology it is easy for people to make observations of different species with the aid of a mobile application,”【2024年6月新课标全国Ⅰ卷】“随着科技的兴起，人们借助手机应用程序轻松观察不同物种变得容易。”
In my application letter, I was careful to express how much I wanted to see France.【2013浙江完形】在申请信里我仔细的表达了我是多么地想看看法国。
The techniques may have medical applications which can improve the length or quality of our lives. 【2015江西阅读】这些技术也许有一些医疗应用，这可以帮助我们提高寿命并且改善生活质量。
The toothbrush will also be able to talk to other applications on your phone.【2014山东阅读】牙刷将能够和你的手机上的程序讲话。
applicant[ pl k nt] n. 申请人
To join the Writer Squad, each applicant should first provide a piece of their writing.【2014湖南阅读】
为了加入作家小分队每个成员必须首先提供一份写作作品。
appoint [ p nt] v. 委派，任命；约定、确定（时间、地点）
President Clinton then appointed him to the office of director of speech writing.【2014陕西阅读】
克林顿总统任命他为演讲写作的办公室主任。
Since I was 40 busy —— my patient didn’t come up at the appointed hour, I would examine his wound.【2015全国一完形】因为我不忙——我的病人没有出现，所以可以检查他的伤口。
appoint的名词形式：appointment
appoint的形容词形式：appointed adj. 约定的
appointment [ p ntm nt] n. 约会；预约；委派，任命
People started queuing to make an appointment early in the morning...【2024年6月新课标全国甲卷】人们一大早就开始排队预约...
His appointment was at 10 am and it was already 8:30.【2013山东阅读】他的预约时间在上午10点，现在已经是8；30了
I heard him saying to the nurse that he was in a hurry for an appointment at 9:30.【2015全国一完形】
我听到他对护士说，他急于参加9:30的约会
They congratulated him on his appointment as chairman.【高考真句】他们祝贺他被任命为主席。
appreciate [ pri e t] v. 欣赏；感谢；理解，明白
Yet, in a few mouths, my brain got reeducated and I could see the difference between good and bad writing and could appreciate literature at a whole new level.【2015湖南完形】然而几个月后我的大脑再次收到教育，我可以看到好的写作与坏的写作的差别，并且从一个全新的高度欣赏文学。
Had my neighbor t