Unit8Have you read Treasure Island yet预习案（含解析）人教版英语八年级下册

Unit 8 Have you read Treasure Island yet？
一. 短语填空
1. hurry up _______________
2. put down _______________
3. arrive in/at _______________
4. finish doing sth. _______________
5. see sb. doing sth. _______________
6. lose one's life _______________
7. _______________ 一个, 另一个
8. _______________ 消减，缩短，砍倒
9. _______________ 多久
10. _______________ 冲向
11. _______________ 充满
12. _______________ 长大，成长
二. 重点知识
Section A
1. treasure：可数名词，意为"极贵重的物品；珍品；珍宝"，动词，意为"珍爱：珍视"。
2. due作形容词，通常用作表语，后面引出预期的时间. 地点等。be due to do sth. 表示"_______________"。
3. "in+一段时间"意为"在...... (时间)后"，常与将来时连用。
4. else 副词 修饰疑问代词, 疑问副词或不定代词, 不定副词，置于这些词之后。other 形容词修饰名词，置于名词之前。
5. one... the other... 表示特定范围内两个事物的不同情况。one和the other既可单独作主语，也可修饰可数名词。
Grammar
现在完成时
1. 现在完成时的用法
(1) 表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。常和just(刚刚), already(已经), yet(还，仍然), ever(曾经), never(从不), before(在……以前), so far(到目前为止)等连用。
(2) 某些动词的现在完成时可表示过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在(包括"现在"在内)，甚至还可能延续下去的动作或状态，常与"for+时间段""since+时间点/从句"连用。表示持续动作或状态的动词多是延续性动词。
2. 现在完成时的基本句式
(1) 肯定句：主语+have/has+过去分词+其他。
(2) 否定句：主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他。
(3) 一般疑问句及回答：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他？
肯定回答：Yes, 主语+have/has.
否定回答：No, 主语+haven't/hasn't.
3. 过去分词的变化
(1) 规则动词：直接+ed；以y结尾的辅音字母，变y为i，再加ed。
(2) 不规则动词(需要记忆)A-A-A，例如cut-cut-cut；A-B-B，例如think-thought-thought；A-B-C，例如take-took-taken；A-B-A，例如come-came-come。
4. already与yet在现在完成时中的用法辨析
(1) already: 常用在肯定句中，用于强调某事已经发生，或某种情形已经开始出现；也可用于疑问句中，表示因某事的发生早于预料而感到吃惊。
(2) yet: 常用于否定句或疑问句句末。用于表示某事尚未发生或某情形尚未出现，或用于询问某事是否已经发生。
5. 现在完成时和一般过去时的区别
(1) 现在完成时：表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果，强调的是现在的情况；不能和表示过去的时间状语连用。
(2) 一般过去时：只表示过去的动作或状态，和现在不发生联系；可以和表示过去的时间状语连用。
Section B
1. must作情态动词，此句中意为"一定"，表示推测，暗含很大的可能性，而非"必须"。
2. abroad 作副词，其前不加介词。常用短语有：go abroad _______________; at home and abroad _______________
3. come to常与know, realize, undenstand等动词连用，强调渐变过程。
4. ever since相当于since，ever起强调作用。ever since后可接词(组)或句子。在含有ever since引导的时间状语从句的复合句中，主句常用现在完成时，从句常用一般过去时。
5. belong to不用于_______________时态。
6. one another 与each other用作动词或介词的宾语，不可作主语。one another和each other 的所有格均是在其后加"s"。
7. million等数词：具体数字前面有具体数词，后不加-s也不接of，模糊数字前面没有具体数词，后加-s，且与of连用。
8. the number of... 表示"……的数量"，后跟可数名词复数；作主语时，谓语动词用_______________形式。a number of... 表示"一些，若干"，后跟可数名词复数；作主语时，谓语动词用_______________形式。
三. 预习自测
(一) 单项选择
1. Lily is my classmate. We ______ each other since she came to our school.
A. know B. knew C. have known D. will know
2. Every year, __________ books are sent to the children in poor areas.
A. million B. millions C. millions of D. million of
3. Catherine has two cousins. One is quiet, and ______ is noisy.
A. another B. the other C. other D. others
4. The water_____ dark and dirty. It's no longer safe to drink.
A. became B. has become C. will become D. was becoming
5. —When will you give the novel back to me
—Sorry, I ______ it. How about Friday
A. didn’t finish B. won’t finish
C. haven't finished D. don’t finish
(二) 阅读理解
I saved the grain carefully and finally had enough to plant. I built a wall around my garden to keep the wild goats away.
Then when my crop bore its fruit, the birds discovered it. The birds were not afraid of my dog at all. I shot them but as soon as I walked away, they returned. At last, I killed some birds and hung them among the crop, hoping they would serve as the scarecrows (稻草人), which turned out to be successful. By harvest time, I had nearly two bushels of rice and two and a half bushels of wheat.
With my new grain to store, I found a new problem. The fine grain ran through my baskets. It took me nearly two months to form and dry two ugly pots — one for rice and one for wheat.
Next I formed a clay oven and made some other tools from hard wood and cloth to bake bread. I made and baked bread in my oven. I spent the third year on the island in farming and baking.
Soon after that, I began to think of my days sailing in a tidy boat with Xury. I wished to have a boat and explore the island by sea.
I tried to turn over the ship’s boat that I had seen washed up, but failed. I was still determined to have a boat. So I chose a strong tree and spent weeks cutting it down. Then it took me months to turn it from tree to boat.
When it was time to launch my boat, I realized I had made it too far from the nearest stream. The boat was far too heavy for me to move. I tried bringing the water to the boat instead of the boat to the water. I soon saw it would take me twenty years of constant labor.
I celebrated my fourth year on the island with two boats, but I was no closer to a sea journey.
—Taken from Robinson Crusoe
1. Paragraph 2 mainly tells us_____.
A. how much rice and wheat I harvested
B. how many tools I made to bake bread
C. how I protected my crop from the birds
D. how I kept the wild goats away from my crop
2. What does "a new problem" in Paragraph 3 refer to
A. How to plant grain. B. How to make pots.
C. How to store grain. D. How to fix the baskets.
3. By the last sentence "I was no closer to a sea journey", the writer means _____.
A. I was getting closer and closer to the sea
B. I was getting farther and farther from the sea
C. it was possible for me to have a sea journey in my boats
D. it was still impossible for me to explore the island by sea
4. What can we infer (推断) from the passage
A. I managed to turn over the ship's boat.
B. I spent months bringing the boat to the nearest stream.
C. I tried to solve the problems with my courage and wisdom.
D. I spent the third year on the island in farming and baking.
答案以及解析
一. 短语填空
1. 赶快，急忙(做某事)
2. 放下，写下
3. 到达
4. 完成做某事
5. 看见某人做某事
6. 失去生命，没命
7. one... , the other...
8. cut down
9. how long
10. run towards...
11. be full of = be filled with
12. grow up
二. 重点知识
Section A
预计做某事，预定要做某事
Section B
出国；在国内外；进行；单数；复数
三. 预习自测
(一) 单项选择
1. 答案：C
解析：考查动词时态。根据题干中的"since she came to our school"可知,此处应用现在完成时。故选C。
2. 答案：C
解析：考查million的用法，前面有具体的数字时，million不加s，如果表示泛指，million必须加s和of. 故根据句意"每年，数百万的书都被捐赠给贫困地区的儿童。"可知要填"许多，数百万的". 故选:C.
3. 答案：B
解析：句意: 凯瑟琳有两个表兄弟。一个是安静的, 另一个是吵闹的。根据前面的one可知此处用the other(另一个)。
4. 答案：B
解析：句意为:水变得又黑又脏。再饮用它不安全了。根据语境可知前一句的动作对现在造成了影响,故应用现在完成时。故选B项。
5. 答案：C
解析：句意为:一你什么时候把那本小说归还给我 —对不起,我还没有读完。周五怎么样 根据语境可知此处表示说话者还没有读完那本小说,空处时态应用现在完成时。故选C项。
(二) 阅读理解
解析：1. 主旨大意题。通读第二段内容可知第二段主要介绍主人公如何保护庄稼不被鸟破坏的。故选C项。
2. 词义猜测题。根据第三段中"With my new grain to store, I found a new problem. The fine grain ran through my baskets. (有了我要储存的新粮食,我发现了一个新问题。好粮食从我的篮子里流了出来。)"可知这个新问题是没有合适的器皿储存粮食。故选C项。
3. 推理判断题。上一段中提到船离水太远了,并且船太沉了, 主人公试着把水运到船所在的地方而不是把船推向水中,但这要花二十年的时间才能完成,故推知此处指主人公还是无法乘船探索这个岛屿。故选D项。
4. 推理判断题。根据文中提到的主人公种粮食、烘焙、造船等,可推知C项正确。根据第六段中"I tried to turn over the ship's boat that 1 had seen washed up, but failed. "可知A项错误; 根据倒数第二段内容可知B项错误;根据第四段中的"I spent the third year on the island in farming and baking. "可知D项是直接能从原文中得到的信息,不是推断出的结论, D项不符合题意。故选C项。