Unit 1 What's the matter预习案（含解析）人教版英语八年级下册

Unit 1 What's the matter
一、短语填空
1. have a cold _______________
2. have a stomachache _______________
3. have a sore back _______________
4. lie down _______________
5. see a dentist _______________
6. take one's temperature _______________
7. have a fever _______________
8. take breaks (take a break) _______________
9. in the same way _______________
10. go to a doctor _______________
11. get off _______________
12. to one's surprise _______________
13. thanks to _______________
14. in time _______________
15. think about _______________
16. right away _______________
17. get into trouble _______________
18. _______________ 习惯于……；适应于……
19. _______________ 摔倒
20. _______________ 做某事有困难
21. _______________ 冒险
22. _______________ 用尽；耗尽
23. _______________ 准备做某事
24. _______________ 切除
25. _______________ 离开；从……出来
26. _______________ 掌管；管理
27. _______________ 作决定
28. _______________ 放弃
29. _______________ 叮嘱/嘱咐某人做某事
30. _______________ 用尽；耗尽
31. _______________ 的重要
32. _______________ 继续做某事
33. _______________ 打算做某事
34. _______________ 意味着做某事。
二、重点知识
Section A
1. "身体部位+ache"常表示"……痛"
2. have a sore+表示身体部位的名"表示……痛"。
3. enough修饰名词时，可放在_______________，但在现代英语中，enough通常放在名词前。
4. if引导的条件状语从句：在含有条件状语从句的复合句中，如果主句为下列情况，从句要用一般现在时：（1）主句为_______________；（2）主句为_______________；（3）主句含有情态动词。
5. （1）hurt 在作不物动词，后面不接宾语，其主语通常为疼痛的身体部位。
(2) 作及物动词，意为"使受伤"，后面可接宾语。既可指由可指由于碰撞等造成的身体上的伤害，也可指精神上的伤害。
6. go to a doctor =go to see a doctor意为"去看医生"。
7. 过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行或发生的动作，其基本结构是"was/were+动词-ing形式"。
Grammar
1. 情态动词should的用法
表示征询意见和提出建议；表示推测；表示义务或责任；表示拒绝、愤怒或惊奇等，常用于疑问句或感叹句中。
反身代词的用法
作宾语 作及物动词（短语）的宾语，常用于teach、hurt、enjoy、dress、buy、help、look after、take care of等后面。
作介词的宾语，常用于by、except、to、for等后面。
作同位语 反身代词在句中通常作名词、代词的同位语，译作"本身；亲自"。反身代词作主语的同位语时，应放在主语之后或句子末尾；作宾语的同位语时，应放在宾语之后。
作表语 反身代词放在be动词、feel、look、seem等系动词后作表语，可以用来描述身体或精神状态。
固定短语 (all) byoneself 独自；单独，for oneself 亲自；为自己，help oneself to..…随便吃/用.....，lose oneself in 沉浸于，enjoy oneself 玩儿得高兴；过的愉快，dress oneself 给自己穿衣服，teach oneself 自学，hurt oneself 伤着自己。
Section B
1. have problems (in) doing sth,做某事有困难同义表达：______________________________
2. find+宾语+宾语补足语，该结构中的宾语补足语可以是介词短语、形容词、副词或动词-ing形式。
3. when引导的时间状语从句的省略，在含有when引导的时间状语从句的复合句中，当从句的主语和主句的主语一致时，且从句的主语和主句的主语一致，且从句的谓语含有be动词时，常省略从句的主语和be动词。
4. 动词不定式短语作目的状语：动词不定式短语既可位于句首，也可位于句末。如果置于句首，需要用逗号隔开。
5. be ready to do sth. 意为"准备好做某事"，其同义短语为get ready to do sth.。be强调状态，get强调动作。补充：be/get ready for意为"为……做准备"。其中for为介词，其后可跟名词、代词或动词-ing形式。
6. so that以便，为了。引导目的状语从句，常与in order that进行转换。此时，从句中常含有can、could、may、might、will、would、should等情态动词。
7. so...that...在该句中引导结果状语从句。so为副词，后面常接形容词或副词的原级。
三、预习自测
(一) 单项选择
1.We must understand the ______ of independence.
A.decision B.importance C.situation D.satisfaction
2.Because you weren't at the meeting, we made the ______ without you.
A.situation B.satisfaction C.relation D.decision
3.Our volleyball team won the gold medal. Their ______ of never giving up cheered everyone.
A.sign B.interest C.pressure D.spirit
4.______, all of us agreed to go there with her.
A.To her surprise B.To her surprised C.To she surprise D.To she surprised
5.Many people like reading newspapers ______ they can learn what's happening in the world.
A.so that B.until C.as soon as D.although
(二) 阅读理解
A boy helped save the life of his friend from choking(哽噎) in the dining hall at school while having their lunch there. Many people watched the video of the accident on the Internet.
In the video, the new student Jackson just got a seat and ate his chicken sandwich. Suddenly the food stuck (卡住) in his throat and his face turned red. Hunter Olsen sat across from Jackson.
He thought that Jackson was just joking and laughed along with his friends.
But soon it became clear that Jackson was really choking and tried to cough the food out. He pointed to his throat to tell Hunter that he was not playing a trick. Hunter realized that he had to do something and used the Heimlich maneuver(海姆立克急救法). Finally, Jackson coughed the food out and could breathe again.
Ms. Howa, who taught them the Heimlich maneuver during her health class, said she couldn't believe her ears when she heard what happened. But she was over the moon to know that her student put what she taught into practice. She was so proud of Hunter.
Hunter said he wasn't interested in Ms. Howa's class because he thought he would never use it in his life, but her great teaching helped him know what to do when in trouble. Then he said, "I just thought that doing something was better than doing nothing."
1.Why did Hunter laugh with his friends
A. Because Jackson was telling jokes.
B. Because he thought Jackson was joking.
C. Because Jackson looked very funny.
D. Because he saw the food stuck in Jackson's throat.
2.When did Hunter realize Jackson was really choking
A. When he just sat down with his friends.
B. When Jackson's face turned red.
C. When his friends began to laugh.
D. When Jackson pointed to his throat.
3.How do you understand the underlined sentence
A. Ms. Howa went over to see what happened.
B. Ms. Howa didn't believe Hunter saved Jackson.
C. Ms. Howa was happy with what Hunter did.
D. Ms. Howa wanted to know how Hunter saved Jackson.
4.How did Hunter feel about Ms. Howa's health class before the accident
A. It was not very useful. B. It was very important.
C. It was very interesting. D. It was too difficult.
5.What did the writer mainly tell us in the passage
A. He wanted to tell what Heimlich maneuver is.
B. He wanted to tell a story that a boy saved his friend.
C. He wanted to teach us not to play jokes while eating.
D. He wanted to teach us how to use the Heimlich maneuver.
答案以及解析
一、短语填空
1. 感冒
2. 胃疼
3. 背疼
4. 躺下
5. 看牙医
6. 量体温
7. 发烧
8. 休息
9. 用同样的方式
10. 看医生
11. 下车
12. 使……惊讶的；出乎……意料
13. 多亏；由于
14. 及时
15. 考虑
16. 立刻；马上
17. 陷入麻烦
18. be used to
19. fall down
20. have problems (in) doing sth.
21. take risks (take a risk)
22. run out (of)
23. be ready to do sth.
24. cut off
25. get out of
26. be in control of
27. make a decision
28. give up
29. tell sb. to do sth.
30. run out
31. the importance of
32. keep on doing sth.
33. mean to do sth.
34. mean doing sth.
二、重点知识
Section A
名词前，也可放在名词后；一般将来时；祈使句
Section B
have trouble (in) doing sth., have difficulty (in) doing sth.
三、预习自测
(一) 单项选择
1.答案：B
解析：考查名词辨析。句意：我们必须理解独立的重要 性。the importance of...意思是"……的重要性"。故选B。
2.答案：D
解析：考查名词辨析。句意：因为你没有参加会议，所以 我们在你不在的情况下做出了决定。make the decision 做决定。故选D。
3.答案：D
解析：考查名词辨析。句意：我们的排球队赢得了金牌。 他们永不放弃的精神鼓舞了所有人。根据语境可知， 此处说的是排球队的永不放弃的"精神"。故选D。
4.答案：A
解析：句意：令她感到吃惊的是，我们所有人都同意和她 一起去那里。空格处的短语表达的意思是"令某人感 到吃惊的是"，应该用to one's surprise。故选A。
5.答案：A
解析：考查连词辨析。根据"许多人喜欢看报纸"和 "他们可以了解世界上正在发生的事情"可知，空格 处应该是"以便"，用so that引导目的状语从句。故选A。
(二) 阅读理解
本文主要讲述了一个男孩用海姆立克急救法救了自己的朋友的故事。
1.B 细节理解题。根据"He thought that Jackson was just joking and laughed along with his friends"可知,Hunter和朋友们一起大笑是因为他认为 Jackson 在和他们开玩笑。
2.D 细节理解题。根据"He pointed to his throat to tell Hunter that he was not playing a trick. Hunter realized that he had to do something and used the Heimlich maneuver(海姆立克急救法)"可知,当 Jackson 指着自己的喉 咙时,Hunter 意识到他真被食物噎住了。
3.C 句意猜测题。根据"She was so proud of Hunter"可知,Hunter 用 Howa 老师教的方法救人,Howa 老师为他感到骄傲,内心应该很高兴。over the moon 意为"欣喜若狂"。
4.A 推理判断题。根据"Hunter said he wasn't interested in Ms. Howa's class because he thought he would never use it in his life"可推知,他当时认为 Howa 老师的课程不是很实用。
5.B 主旨大意题。本文主要讲述了一个男孩救了自己的朋友的故事。故选 B。