Unit 2 I'll help to clean up the city parks预习案（含解析）人教版英语八年级下册

Unit 2 I'll help to clean up the city parks.
一. 短语填空
1. Clean-Up Day _______________
2. an old people's home _______________
3. help out with sth. _______________
4. used to _______________.
5. care for _______________
6. the look of joy _______________
7. at the age of _______________
8. clean up _______________
9. cheer up _______________
10. give out _______________
11. come up with _______________
12. make a plan _______________
13. make some notices _______________
14. try out _______________
15. work for _______________
16. _______________ 建造;举起;张贴
17. _______________ 分发;散发;发给
18. _______________ 打电话;召集
19. _______________ 推迟;延迟
20. _______________ 比如；例如
21. _______________ 筹钱;募捐
22. _______________ 与. . . . . . 相像;像
23. _______________ 赠送;捐赠
24. _______________ 修理;修补;解决
25. _______________ 与……相似
26. _______________ 建立;设立
27. _______________ 残疾人
28. _______________ 影响;有作用
29. _______________ 能够
30. _______________ 课外阅读项目
二. 重点知识
Section A
1. in the hospital意为"住院"，是美式英语。在英式英语中，常用_______________表示。
2. could作情态动词，后接动词原形，在此用于提出建议，语气比_______________委婉。
3. help to do sth. 帮助做某事；有助于做某事，该结构中to do sth. 作宾语，其中动词不定式符号to也可省略。
4. give out在此处相当于_______________，是"动词+副词"型短语。
5. let sb. do sth. 为固定用法，其中由就是省略了to的动词不定式短语，在句中作宾语补足语。有类似用法的还有使役动词have. make以及感官动词hear. see等。
Grammar
1. 短语动词
动词+介词 相当于及物动词，后面必须有宾语，且宾语只能位于_______________之后。
动词+副词 ①可看作及物动词，名词作其宾语时，可位于动词与副词之间或副词之后；代词作其宾语时，只能位于动词与副词之间。 ②有的也可看作不及物动词。
动词+副词+介词 相当于及物动词，宾语位于介词之后。
动词+名词+介词 相当于及物动词，名词前可加形容词说明程度，宾语位于介词之后。
2. 动词不定式的常见用法
作_________ 常接动词不定式作宾语的动词有：想要拒绝忘记 (want refuse forget) ；需要努力学习 (need try leam) ；选择同意帮助 (choase agree help) ；希望决定开始 (hope/wish/expect decitde begin/start) 。
作宾语补足语 常接不定式作宾补的动词有：ask，tell. want. teach. wish. help，wam. invite. encouage等。
作_________ 动词不定式 (短语) 作目的状语可以放在句首，一般用逗号与后面的内容隔开。也可以放在句尾。
作主语 动词不定式 (短语) 作主语时，通常表示一个具体的. 特定的行为，此时谓语动词用单数形式。
作定语 动词不定式 (短语) 作定语时通常要放在所修饰词之后。
3. 使用动词不定式 (短语) 需要注意的几个问题
(1) 不定式 (短语) 作主语时，常由it代替它作形式主语，而将不定式 (短语) 放到谓语的后面。主要有以下三种情况：①It is+名词+to dosth. ②It takes sb. +some time +to do sth. ③It is+形容词 (easy. important. diffcult. foolish. right. wrong. . . ) (+_______________ sb. )+to do sth.
(2) feel. find. make. think等动词后如果是不定式 (短语) 作宾语，且宾语补足语是形容词或名词，常用it作形式宾语，把不定式 (短语) 放到宾语补足语之后。
(3) 有一些动词后用作宾语补足语的不定式 (短语) 通常得不带to，这样的动词主要有三看 (see. watch. notice) . 三让 (_______________) . 二听 (hear，listen to) . 一感觉 (feel) 。
Section B
1. take after指 (外貌或行为) 与某个有血缘关系的人相像，不能用于_______________时。
2. give sth. to sb. =give sb. sth. ，当sth. 是代词时，只能用_______________结构。
3. 一般过去时的被动语态，其基本结构是"was/were+及物动词的过去分词"。被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。
4. have dificulties with sth. 在某方面有困难，have (no) dificulty (in) doing sth. 做某事 (没) 有困难，without difficulty_______________
5. interest 作名词，意为"兴趣；关注"。常用短语：have (an) interest in 对……感兴；have no
internest in 对……不感兴趣；take an interest in对. ……产生兴趣；lose interest in 对……失去兴
趣。
三. 预习自测
(一) 单项选择
1. —Could you please help me _____ the picture on the wall
—OK, no problem.
A. put up B. put on C. put off D. put out
2. —You should do what you can _____ your English, Li Ming.
—OK, I will. Thank you, Ms. Hu.
A. to improve B. improve C. improving D. improved
3. Because of COVID-19 in February, the government advised us ______ to the public places less.
A. going B. go C. to go D. gone
4. Lucy feels very upset now. Why not _____
A. cheer up her B. cheer her up C. to cheer her up D. to cheer up her
5. He used to _____ a bus to work, but now he is used to _____ to work.
A. take; walk B. taking; walking C. take; walking D. taking; walk
(二) 阅读理解
Years ago, when I lived in England, part of my college volunteer job was to help children. I was chosen to work in a school with disabled children. The teacher asked me to take care of Nancy, a 10-year-old girl. One of her hands could not move. At her school, the teachers would think it was an achievement if she was able to put on her own coat. But I saw more in her. She had always wanted to put a string (细绳) through the hole of a key.
For five years, Nancy was in the school. The teachers always tried to help her, but always ended up doing all the work for her. I knew Nancy could do more, so I encouraged her to do something by herself. At first Nancy could never do it and got very upset. Sometimes I wanted to give up, too. However, after a week Nancy was able to do what she had wanted to do alone for so many years—she successfully put the string through the key hole. We all cried with joy when we saw what she was able to do with just a little encouragement.
With just some encouragement, disabled people can do something. I hope everyone will encourage people to do all that they want by themselves instead of telling them they can't do it.
1. Where did the story happen
A. In a school in the UK.
B. In a school in the US.
C. In a college in the UK.
D. In a college in the US.
2. What can we know about Nancy
A. She couldn't talk to anyone.
B. Her legs couldn't move.
C. She was under 10 years old.
D. She couldn't put on her coat at first.
3. How long did the writer spend teaching Nancy to put a string through the key hole
A. One week.
B. Five years.
C. Five months.
D. Two weeks.
4. How did the writer feel at the end of the story
A. Nervous.
B. Excited.
C. Worried.
D. Upset.
5. What is the best title of the passage
A. Be kind to the disabled people
B. Never give up when helping others
C. Helping others brings me happiness
D. A little encouragement will make
答案以及解析
一. 短语填空
1. 清洁日
2. 养老院
3. 帮助解决困难
4. 过去常常……
5. 关心;照顾
6. 快乐的表情
7. 在……岁时
8. 打扫 (或清除)干净
9. (使)变得更高兴;振奋
10. 分发;散发
11. 想出；提出
12. 制订计划
13. 做些公告牌
14. 试用;试行
15. 为……工作；为……效力
16. put up
17. hand out
18. call up
19. put off
20. for example
21. raise money
22. take after
23. give away
24. fix up
25. be similar to
26. set up
27. disabled people
28. make a difference
29. be able to
30. after-school reading program
二. 重点知识
Section A
in hospital; can; hand out
Grammar
介词；宾语；目的状语；for/of；let. make. have
Section B
进行；give sth. to sb. ；毫不费力地
三. 预习自测
(一) 单项选择
1. 答案：A
解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意：—请问你能帮我把这幅画贴在墙上吗？—好的，没问题。 put up张贴； put on穿上； put off推迟； put out扑灭。根据地点状语 on the wall 可知，用 put up和 picture构成动宾短语，表示"张贴图画"，故选A。
2. 答案：A
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意为: Li Ming, 你应该尽你所能来提高你的英语。好的, 我一定尽力!谢谢您, Hu女士。分析句子结构并结合句意可知, "improve your English"表示目的, 此处应用动词不定式作目的状语。故选A。
3. 答案：C
解析：本题考查 advise sb. to do sth. 的固定搭配。句意：在二月，因为新型冠状病毒肺炎，政府建议我们少去公共场所。 advise sb. to do sth. 是固定搭配，意为"建议某人做某事"，故答案为C。
4. 答案：B
解析：句意: Lucy现在感觉很沮丧。为什么不让她变得高兴起来呢 cheer up"使振作起来; 使高兴起来", 若跟代词作宾语, 则代词放在该词组的中间。Why not后跟动词原形, 故选B。
5. 答案：C
解析：句意: 他以前常常坐公共汽车去上班, 但现在他习惯步行去上班。used to do sth. "过去常常做某事"; be used to doing sth. "习惯做某事"。根据题意可知选C。
(二) 阅读理解
1. 根据短文第一段中的内容"Years ago, when I lived in England, ... I was chosen to work in a school with disabled children. "可知答案选A。
2. 根据短文第一段中的内容"The teacher asked me to take care of Nancy, a 10-year-old girl. One of her hands could not move. At her school, the teachers would think it was an achievement if she was able to put on her own coat. "可知D项符合题意, 其余三项与短文内容不符。
3. 根据短文第二段中的"However, after a week Nancy was able to do what she had wanted to do alone for so many years—she successfully put the string through the key hole. " 可知用了一周的时间。可知答案选A。
4. 根据短文第二段中的"We all cried with joy when we saw what she was able to do with just a little encouragement. " 可知作者应该是很激动的, 故选B。
5. 根据文中句子"We all cried with joy when we saw what she was able to do with just a little encouragement. 及最后一段内容可知, "小小的鼓励会产生很大的影响"符合题意, 故选D。