中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
2025湖南版英语中考专题
第二部分中考题型专练
专题十三 阅读选择
5年中考
分类训练一 应用文
Passage 1（2024湖南，A 人与社会）
1．How can you get more information to volunteer in the library
A. Visit its website. B. E-mail Anna. C. Call Mr. Walker.
2．Where can volunteers help in September
A. In the library.
B. At Rose Garden.
C. At the old people’s home.
3．What should you be good at if you want to volunteer at Rose Garden
A. Reading stories.
B. Dancing and singing.
C. Taking care of plants.
这是一篇应用文，介绍了三则社区志愿者招聘广告：招聘图书馆助手、清洁工和园丁、养老院志愿者。主题语境属于“人与社会”范畴中“社会服务与人际沟通”这一主题群，涉及子主题“志愿服务与公共服务”。
[答案]
1．A
2．C
3．C
[解析]
1．细节理解题。由“Library Helpers Wanted”中的最后一句“For more information, visit the website www.hnlibrary.com.”可知答案为A。
2．细节理解题。由题干中的“in September”可定位到“Help for Old People”。根据“Help at the old people’s home.”及“Free in September.”可知答案为C。
3．细节理解题。由题干中的“at Rose Garden”可定位到“Cleaners and Gardeners”。根据第二句“Good at taking care of plants.”可知答案为C。
Passage 2（2024长沙，A 人与自我）
International Summer Camp 2024 Edward Educational Company was set up in 1999. It has rich experience in providing educational trips for children. Our camp is located in（位于） the Swiss Alps. The mountains, forests and lakes here provide a playground for young adventurers（冒险者）. Three age groups The three age groups allow children to make friends of similar ages from different countries. Plenty of activities Our camp activities include rock climbing, horse riding, painting and many more. But hunting（猎捕） wild animals is not allowed. Cultural exploration（探索） Switzerland（瑞士） has many traditions like chocolate making. Through our summer camp, children will learn more about this country. For further information, please call us at 257-8900.
1．When was Edward Educational Company set up
A. In 1999. B. In 2014. C. In 2024.
2．What can children do at the camp
A. Join four age groups.
B. Learn more about Switzerland.
C. Ride horses and hunt wild animals.
这是一篇应用文——一则由爱德华教育公司举办的2024年国际夏令营的广告。主题语境属于“人与自我”范畴中“生活与学习”这一主题群，涉及子主题“丰富、充实、积极向上的生活”。
[答案]
1．A
2．B
[解析]
1．细节理解题。由文中第一句“Edward Educational Company was set up in 1999.”可知答案为A。
2．细节理解题。由文中“The three age groups allow children to make friends of similar ages from different countries.”可知A项不正确；由文中“Switzerland has many traditions...Through our summer camp, children will learn more about this country.”可知B项正确；由文中“But hunting wild animals is not allowed.”可知C项不正确。故选B。
Passage 3（2023长沙，A 人与社会）
Ways to Make Passwords（密码）Safer Many people pick something simple and easy for the passwords, such as simple combinations（组合） of their names, ages, or birthdays. These people are trying to make life easy for themselves. But they are also making it easy for hackers（黑客） to break into their accounts（账户）. Here is some advice. *Use capital letters; *Add numbers and/or symbols（符号） to passwords; *Don’t use personal information; *Use different passwords for different accounts； *Change the passwords every three months.
1．Why do many people use simple passwords in their daily life
A. To change personal information.
B. To make life easy for themselves.
C. To help hackers get information quickly.
2．How often should we change the passwords according to the text
A. Every month. B. Every two months. C. Every three months.
本文是一篇应用文。文中主要介绍了密码安全的问题。主题语境属于“人与社会”范畴中“历史、社会与文化”这一主题群,涉及子主题“个人信息安全与国家安全意识”。
[答案]
1．B
2．C
[解析]
1．细节理解题。由文中第二段首句“These people are trying to make life easy for themselves.”可知,许多人在日常生活中使用简单的密码是为了使生活简单一些。故选B。
2．细节理解题。由文中最后一条建议“Change the passwords every three months.”可知,根据文本,我们应该每三个月更改一次密码。故选C。
Passage 4（2023衡阳，D 人与自我）
A Picture of My Own City
How will your dream city look in 50 years’ time What kind of city do you hope your children, or grandchildren will be living in Now paint your own idea about the city and you’ll have a chance to win 4,000 yuan!
What: ①The idea of your painting must be your own. ②Write down the idea behind your painting in 150 words. Where: Send your painting to A Picture of My Own City, 8F, No. 128, Jiefang Road, Hengyang City. When: Send your painting before June 20, 2023. Prize: 1st Prize:4,000 yuan（2 winners） 2nd Prize: 3,000 yuan（4 winners） 3rd Prize: 2,000 yuan（10 winners） To learn more, please visit http://picturemyowncity.hengyangcity.gov.
1．What does the ad（广告） ask people to do？
A. To live with their grandchildren.
B. To paint their own city in 50 years.
C. To write a 150-word story.
2．Where will you send your painting
A. 9F, No. 128, Jiefang Road， Hengyang City.
B. 8F, No. 138, Jiefang Road, Hengyang City.
C. 8F, No. 128, Jiefang Road, Hengyang City.
3．You have to send your painting ______.
A. before July 20, 2023 B. after June 20, 2023 C. before June 20, 2023
4．How much will the government pay for the 1st Prize
A. 6，000 yuan. B. 8，000 yuan. C. 3，000 yuan.
5．Which of the following is most probably a picture for the competition
A. B. C.
本文是一则绘画竞赛广告，要求参赛者画出50年后理想城市的模样。主题语境属于“人与自我”范畴中“生活与学习”主题群。
[答案]
1．B
2．C
3．C
4．B
5．B
[解析]
1．细节理解题。根据第一行表格的内容“How will your dream city look in 50 years’ time ...Now paint your own idea about the city...”可知，这则广告要求画出
50年后自己的理想城市，故选B。
2．细节理解题。根据文中关于作品寄送地点的信息“Where: Send your painting to A Picture of My Own City, 8F, No. 128, Jiefang Road, Hengyang City.”可知，答案为C。
3．细节理解题。根据文中关于作品寄送时间的信息“When: Send your painting before June 20, 2023.”可知，答案为C。
4．细节理解题。根据文中关于奖项设置的信息“Prize:1st Prize: 4,000 yuan （2 winners）”可知，每位一等奖选手可获得人民币4，000元，共有两位一等奖选手，所以政府总共需要支付一等奖奖金8，000元，故选B。
5．图片理解题。根据文章第一句“How will your dream city look in 50 years’ time ”可知，绘画竞赛要求画出50年后的理想城市。A选项图片展现的是充满污染的城市，C选项图片展现的是荒漠化的景象，均与未来理想城市不符；B选项图片展现的是高楼林立的现代化城市，符合题意，故选B。
Passage 5（2023张家界，A 人与自我）
Sing for Your Future Show Yourself —Welcome to Good Voice Club Do you like singing Do you want to relax yourself Do you want to be healthier Join our Good Voice Club! Choice of music: folk music, pop music, rock music Teachers: Catherine Black —Graduated from Central Conservatory of Music（中央音乐学院） Miss Xiang —The most talented person of the “Baixing Stage” Mr. Shang —One of the best spreaders of Sangzhi folk songs Who to Join: Aged 12~17 Place:2F, New World Building, Wenhua Street Price:￥20 each How to Register（报名）: www.zhangjiajiemusic.com 283-4588 Time:8:30 a.m.-4:30 p.m. March 24th-26th, 2023
1．How many kinds of music does it mention
A. 3. B. 4. C. 5.
2．Who is a spreader of Sangzhi folk songs
A. Mr. Shang. B. Miss Xiang. C. Catherine Black.
3．Which one can join the Good Voice Club
A. 50-year-old Ms. Hu. B. 14-year-old Junjun. C. 8-year-old Nini.
4．Which of the following is TRUE from the reading
A. You can only register online.
B. Good Voice Club is on Wenhua Street.
C. Tina and Tara will spend 30 yuan joining the club.
5．What kind of writing is this
A. A novel. B. A diary. C. A poster.
本文为好声音俱乐部的一则广告。主题语境属于“人与自我”范畴中“生活与学习”这一主题群。
[答案]
1．A
2．A
3．B
4．B
5．C
[解析]
1．细节理解题。根据广告中的“Choice of music: folk music, pop music, rock music”可知，共提到三种音乐，故选A。
2．细节理解题。根据“Teachers: ... Mr. Shang—One of the best spreaders of Sangzhi folk songs”可知，尚先生是桑植民歌最好的传播者之一。故选A。
3．细节理解题。根据“Who to Join: Aged 12~17”可知，参加俱乐部的年龄范围为12到17岁，故选B。
4．细节理解题。根据“Place: 2F, New World Building, Wenhua Street”可知，好声音俱乐部在文华街新世界大厦2楼，故选B。
5．推理判断题。本文是好声音俱乐部的广告，故推测是一则海报，故选C。
Passage 6（2022长沙，B 人与社会）
Lost I lost my smartphone at West Park on Loomis Road on Monday morning, Oct. 27. The photos in it haven’t been uploaded（上传） to the Cloud. They are very important to me. Please call me at 730-8607. —posted by Steve Lee
Found A young black dog, cute and friendly, was found in Brooklyn Springs on Nov. 19. If you know the owner of this dog, please let him/her know or e-mail me at dorajones@. —posted by Dora Jones
Lost My 11-month-old cat Linda is grey with dark stripes（条纹） on her back. She has brown eyes. She was last seen at Jessica’s on Center Street on May 9. If you see her, please call me at 730-9725. —posted by Molly Louis
1．Who lost a smartphone
A. Dora Jones. B. Molly Louis. C. Steve Lee.
2．Why did Dora post the information
A. To find the dog’s owner.
B. To find her own dog.
C. To buy a black dog.
3．What do we know about the missing cat Linda
A. She is 10 months old.
B. She was last seen on May 9.
C. She is all black.
本文是两个寻物启事和一个招领启事。
[答案]
1．C
2．A
3．B
[解析]
1．细节理解题。第一个启事是寻找智能手机的。由“posted by Steve Lee”可知，Steve Lee丢了手机。故答案为C。
2．细节理解题。由第二个启事中“If you know the owner of this dog，please let him/her know or e-mail me...”可知，Dora Jones发布这个信息是为了找到狗的主人。故答案为A。
3．细节理解题。由第三个启事中“My 11-month-old cat Linda is grey with dark stripes on her back.”可知，A和C错误；由“She was last seen at Jessica’s on Center Street on May 9.”可知，这只猫最后一次被看见是在5月9日。故答案为B。
Passage 7（2022郴州，A 人与自我）
Uses: cream to treat pain and infection（感染） of small cuts and burns on the skin Warnings Use on skin only. Do not eat. Keep at room temperature. How to use Only use on adults and children aged 2 or older. Clean the cut or burn. Put the cream on the cut or burn up to three times a day.
Uses: tablets to treat headaches, muscle（肌肉） pains of the common cold Warnings Keep at room temperature. Don’t take more than two tablets at one time. How to take For adults and children aged 12 or older: take 1 tablet every 4 to 6 hours. Do not take more than 5 tablets in 24 hours.
1．Which medicine can you put on your skin according to the chart
A. Painkiller Tablet. B. Antibiotic Cream. C. Vitamin E.
2．Painkiller Tablet can be used to treat ______.
A. toothache B. stomachache C. headaches
3．What do Antibiotic Cream and Painkiller Tablet have in common
A. They can be taken with water.
B. They should be kept at room temperature.
C. They can be used after the cuts have been cleaned.
本文是应用文，内容主要是关于两款药品的使用说明。
[答案]
1．B
2．C
3．B
[解析]
1．细节理解题。根据第一行表格中的“Use on skin only.”可知，Antibiotic Cream只可以涂在皮肤上，故选B。
2．细节理解题。根据第二行表格中的“Uses: tablets to treat headaches, muscle pains of the common cold.”可知，它可以治疗头痛，故选C。
3．细节理解题。两款药品的注意事项中都有“Keep at room temperature.”，因此两种药物的共性是应该在室温下保存。故选B。
Passage 8（2022邵阳 人与社会）
1小题图 2小题图
1．All the artworks shown at the School Art Show come from______.
A. workers B. teachers C. artists
2．How much will they pay if Ms. Brown goes to the Strawberry Music Festival with her two children
A. 30 yuan. B. 45 yuan. C. 60 yuan.
本文是应用文，主要介绍了学校艺术展和草莓音乐节的相关信息。主题语境属于“人与自我”范畴中“生活与学习”这一主题群。
[答案]
1．B
2．C
[解析]
1．细节理解题。根据文章中“Artworks by teachers...”可知作品来自教师们，故选B。
2．推理判断题。根据文章中“Ticket Prices: 30 yuan for each adult and half price for each child.”和题干可知，一名成人和两名儿童的票价是60元，故选C。
分类训练二 记叙文
Passage 1（2024长沙，C 人与自我）
The Four Seasons, written by the Italian musician Antonio Vivaldi, was first played about 300 years ago. Since then, it has enjoyed worldwide popularity.
The great musical work includes four parts: “Spring”, “Summer”, “Autumn” and “Winter”. Each part brings to mind the season it is meant to describe. “Summer”, for example, begins slowly. Listeners can easily picture a hot, lazy summer day when nobody wants to move. When you listen to “Autumn”, a harvest（收获） celebration will readily come to mind.
But now, Hache Costa, a music director in Spain, has decided to give the old work a fresh feel. He says the climate（气候） today is very different from what it was in the 1700s. The Four Seasons would be “a lot dirtier” if it were written now.
Costa has “updated” the musical work to make it match the realities of the modern world. The “updated” musical work has been played in Madrid, Spain. The performance takes place in front of a screen. As the musicians play, a video shows the effects（影响） of climate change, such as forest fires and unusually dry weather.
After enjoying it, people find the new “Summer” now sounds noisier and more powerful. Because of global warming（全球变暖）, the other three seasons have become shorter. Costa says he expects people to feel “really sad” after listening to the new The Four Seasons.
“I really want more people to become truly aware of（意识到） what is happening to our planet,” says Costa. “And I believe Vivaldi would not be angry with my changes.”
1．What do we know about The Four Seasons
A. It is still unpopular now.
B. It was written by Hache Costa.
C. It was first played about 300 years ago.
2．What will come to mind when we listen to the old “Autumn” according to the passage
A. Forest fires and dry weather.
B. A harvest celebration.
C. A hot lazy day.
3．Which is close to the underlined word “updated” in meaning in Paragraph 4
A. 提上日程 B. 追根溯源 C. 赋予新意
4．Why did Hache Costa give the old work a fresh feel
A. To call on more people to love music.
B. To raise public awareness of climate change.
C. To present the story of Antonio Vivaldi’s colorful life.
这是一篇记叙文。一位西班牙音乐总监通过改编意大利名曲《四季》来表现全球变暖给地球带来的危害。主题语境属于“人与自然”范畴中“环境保护”这一主题群，涉及子主题“环境污染及原因，环保意识和行为”。
[答案]
1．C
2．B
3．C
4．B
[解析]
1．细节理解题。由第一段中“The Four Seasons, written by the Italian musician Antonio Vivaldi, was first played about 300 years ago.”可知C项正确。
2．细节理解题。由第二段中“When you listen to ‘Autumn’, a harvest celebration will readily come to mind.”可知答案为B。
3．词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句中的“to make it match the realities of the modern world”可知，该词在此处表示“赋予新意”。故选C。
4．推理判断题。由最后一段中的“I really want more people to become truly aware of what is happening to our planet”可推知，Hache Costa改编《四季》是为了提高公众对于气候变化的意识。故选B。
Passage 2（2023怀化，B 人与自我）
Antarctica（南极洲） is one of the coldest places in the world. There is a penguin called Henry. The only thing he does all day is swimming in the cold water. He doesn’t like his life because it is boring for him. He wants to go out and see the world outside Antarctica. He tells it to his mother. However, his mother doesn’t allow him to go out.
But Henry leaves Antarctica. At first, he is so happy because the water is still cold and everything outside of Antarctica is different and beautiful. But he doesn’t know his mother is following him. As he swims farther away, he finds that the water is warmer and warmer. And he feels exhausted, so he has to stop his trip. He is afraid and doesn’t know what to do.
At that time, he sees his mother, “I should listen to you, Mom.” His mother says, “It’s OK. I am sure you won’t leave Antarctica any more.”
At last, Henry swims back to Antarctica with his mother.
1．Where does Henry live
A. In Africa. B. In Asia. C. In Antarctica.
2．What does Henry do all day
A. He talks with his mom.
B. He swims in the cold water.
C. He sings in the water.
3．What does the underlined word “exhausted” mean
A. 疲劳的 B. 兴奋的 C. 羞愧的
4．Where is this passage probably from
A. A newspaper. B. A storybook. C. A report.
一只叫Henry的企鹅想去看看南极洲以外的世界，于是不顾妈妈的劝阻离开了南极洲。但Henry游得越远，海水越热，它后悔没有听从妈妈的建议。
[答案]
1．C
2．B
3．A
4．B
[解析]
1．细节理解题。根据第一段第一、二句“Antarctica is one of the coldest places in the world. There is a penguin called Henry.”可知，Henry住在南极洲，故选C。
2．细节理解题。根据第一段第三句“The only thing he does all day is swimming in the cold water.”可知，Henry整天在冰冷的水中游泳，故选B。
3．词义猜测题。根据第二段中“As he swims farther away, he finds that the water is warmer and warmer. And he feels exhausted, so he has to stop his trip.”可知，它游到了很远的地方，结合选项可知，它应是感到疲惫不堪，所以才不得不停止旅行。故选A。
4．推理判断题。通读全文可知，住在南极洲的企鹅Henry不顾妈妈的劝阻离开了南极洲，起初看到外面美丽的景色很开心，随着水温越来越暖，它不得不停止自己的旅行。所以是来自故事书，故选B。
As he swims farther away, he finds that the water is warmer and warmer. 随着它游得更远，它发现水越来越暖和。本句为主从复合句，as引导时间状语从句；主句中包含that引导的宾语从句。
Passage 3（2023株洲，C 人与自我）
The sun was shining brightly over our heads and sweat（汗水） was pouring down our backs and faces. We stood still without making any noise, all hot and tired. But everyone kept standing as straight as trees.
It was something most junior high schools give to new Junior One students—military（军事的） training. We spent four days in a closed environment. Although we couldn’t go home at night and the training was strict and difficult, our humorous young drill sergeant（教官） was a real pleasure of our days. We laughed at his jokes, sat in rows singing different songs and listened to him telling true stories about his life. He gave us the feeling that sunlight and sweat were not the only things that military training offered.
After this journey, we were stronger than we had imagined and we were much braver than we had expected. Students who looked pale rested for a little while, then right away came back to the team. Students who were late rushed to the playground at once and began to run. Sweat poured down our faces, but we didn’t care about it at all.
Military training taught us to be brave and strong and never to give up. On the last day of our training, the confidence could be seen on our faces. We shouted so loud that our voices could be heard across the sky. With eyes like burning fire, we walked into the future. Now the sun is smiling at all of us.
1．Although all of the students were ______, everyone kept standing as straight as trees.
A. noisy B. tired C. sleepy
2．How long did the military training last
A. 3 days. B. 4 days. C. 5 days.
3．What didn’t the students do during the training according to the passage
A. They sang songs.
B. They listened to stories.
C. They watched movies.
4．What does the word “it” in paragraph 3 mean
A. Being late. B. Running. C. Sweat pouring.
5．What can be the best title of the passage
A. Our Military Training
B. A Humorous Drill Sergeant
C. Junior One School Life
本文是一篇记叙文。作者主要介绍了自己初中参加军训的经历和感受。主题语境属于“人与自我”范畴中“生活与学习”这一主题群,涉及子主题“多
彩、安全、有意义的学校生活”。
[答案]
1．B
2．B
3．C
4．C
5．A
[解析]
1．细节理解题。根据第一段第二、三句“We stood still without making any noise, all hot and tired. But everyone kept standing as straight as trees.”可知，学生们感到疲劳。故选B。
2．细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“We spent four days in a closed environment.”可知，军训持续了4天，故选B。
3．细节理解题。根据第二段倒数第二句“We laughed at his jokes, sat in rows singing different songs and listened to him telling true stories about his life.”可知，学生们唱歌，听教官讲故事，但没有提到看电影，故选C。
4．代词指代题。根据画线词所在句“Sweat poured down our faces, but we didn’t care about it at all.”可知，汗水从“我们”脸上流下来，但“我们”一点也不在乎。根据语境可知，画线词指的是流汗，故选C。
5．标题归纳题。本文主要是作者介绍自己初中参加军训的经历和感受，故选A。
Although we couldn’t go home at night and the training was strict and difficult, our humorous young drill sergeant was a real pleasure of our days. 虽然我们晚上不能回家，训练又严格又困难，但我们幽默年轻的教官是我们那些日子里真正的乐趣。本句为主从复合句，含有让步状语从句“Although we couldn’t go home at night and the training was strict and difficult”。
pour down流下 make noise 发出声响 care about在乎
Passage 4（2023常德，B 人与社会）
Irwin Corey was a famous American film actor. But today, the story you will read is not about his achievements in film but about his begging（乞讨） life.
He became a beggar once and often walked in the streets of Manhattan. He wore old and broken clothes. He was very thin and seemed to be weak, looking like a poor homeless old man.
△ He only asked for some change from passing drivers, and then he gave the driver a free copy of the newspaper he bought. Each time he asked for money, he was always smiling and also told jokes to the drivers. The drivers thought him kind and humorous， so they never let him go empty-handed.
Although all the money he begged was coins, he still made lots of money at the end of the day. Irwin Corey had been begging for money for many years. However, he didn’t spend any of the money he had asked for. Every time the money was up to a certain amount（量）, he donated it to a charity which bought medical supplies for Cuban children. For 17 years, he donated all his hard-earned money to the charity.
He was not short of money. He lived in a ＄3.5 million big house. He was not a beggar, either. “On the one hand, I just want to help people in need. On the other hand, begging can make me feel not lonely, as my wife had passed away，” he said.
1．What is the story about
A. Irwin’s achievements in film.
B. Irwin’s begging life.
C. Irwin’s poor life.
2．Which can best take the place of “△” in the third paragraph
A. He begged for money in a special way.
B. He thought the drivers were rich.
C. He was a successful film star.
3．What did the drivers think of Irwin Corey
A. Friendly but lonely. B. Kind and famous. C. Kind and humorous.
4．What can we learn from the passage
A. Irwin was actually rich.
B. Irwin was a poor homeless old man.
C. Irwin donated all his money to charity.
本文是一篇记叙文。文章叙述了美国著名演员Irwin Corey许多年来，经常扮成乞丐在街上乞讨，然后将乞讨得来的钱捐赠给慈善组织的故事。主题语境属于“人与社会”范畴中“社会服务与人际沟通”这一主题群。
[答案]
1．B
2．A
3．C
4．A
[解析]
1．主旨大意题。由第一段第二句“But today, the story you will read is not about his achievements in film but about his begging life.”可知，这个故事是关于Irwin的乞讨生活。故选B。
2．推理判断题。下文主要讲了Irwin扮作乞丐乞讨的方法，包括只向过路的司机要零钱，给他们免费的报纸，面带微笑并给他们讲笑话。故选A。
3．细节理解题。由第三段最后一句的“The drivers thought him kind and humorous”可知，司机们认为他和蔼可亲、幽默风趣。故选C。
4．推理判断题。由最后一段的“He was not short of money. He lived in a ＄3.5 million big house.”可知，Irwin实际上是个有钱人。故选A。
Passage 5（2023郴州，B 人与社会）
You may receive lots of gifts on your birthday. But have you ever thought about giving your birthday gifts to people in need Kyle Breeden, a 12-year-old boy from Maryland, USA, has done that ever since he was six years old. On November 19th every year, Kyle invites his friends to his birthday celebration. He asks each friend to bring a new toy to donate（捐赠） to Toys for Tots.
Toys for Tots is a project which gives out toys to children whose parents cannot usually buy them toys. Kyle has donated more than 2,000 toys to the project. And he plans to continue collecting toys for other kids for years to come.
When Kyle was five, he asked his parents how he could help others. Kyle’s parents were excited to hear that and they helped him get in touch with Toys for Tots. From then on, he has looked forward to his birthday, but only to get toys. Then he collects the toys and goes to the Toys for Tots celebrations to donate them.
John Minadakis, who hosted a Toys for Tots celebration, said he had never seen someone give so much at such a young age. He believed the quality of putting others before himself could take the boy far in life.
Kyle feels good when he helps others. He hopes that through his example, other kids will be inspired to give back. “Many people around my age don’t have toys to play with. I want to do something,” Kyle said. “Even the smallest toy can make a kid’s day.”
1．When is Kyle’s birthday
A. On December 19th. B. On November 12th. C. On November 19th.
2．Kyle’s parents helped him get in touch with Toys for Tots when he was ______.
A. 12 years old B. 6 years old C. 5 years old
3．What does the underlined word “inspired” probably mean in Chinese
A. 改善 B. 激励 C. 介绍
4．What can we infer from the passage
A. Kyle plans to buy some toys to donate to Toys for Tots.
B. John Minadakis highly praised Kyle for his kind action.
C. A kid cannot spend a day happily without the smallest toy.
5．What’s the best title for the passage
A. Giving Birthday Gifts to Others
B. Toys for Tots Celebrations
C. Toys Are Important to Kids
本文是一篇记叙文。Kyle Breeden从五岁与Toys for Tots取得联系之后，每年都会把生日得到的新玩具捐赠给Toys for Tots。主题语境属于“人与社会”范畴中“社会服务与人际沟通”这一主题群,涉及子主题“志愿服务与公共服务”。
[答案]
1．C
2．C
3．B
4．B
5．A
[解析]
1．细节理解题。根据第一段倒数第二句“On November 19th every year, Kyle invites his friends to his birthday celebration.”可知，Kyle的生日在11月19日。故选C。
2．细节理解题。根据第三段第一、二句“When Kyle was five...get in touch with Toys for Tots.”可知，在Kyle五岁的时候与Toys for Tots取得了联系。故选C。
3．词义猜测题。根据画线处所在句“He hopes that through his example, other kids will be inspired to give back.”可知，Kyle希望通过自己的榜样作用激励其他孩子回馈社会。画线词表示“激励”。故选B。
4．推理判断题。根据第四段可知，John Minadakis说他从未见过有人在这么小的年龄付出这么多。他相信这种先人后己的品质可以让这个男孩在生活中走得更远。由此可推知John Minadakis高度赞扬了Kyle善良的行为。故选B。
5．标题归纳题。Kyle Breeden每年都会把生日得到的新玩具捐赠给Toys for Tots。A选项“把生日礼物送给别人”为最佳标题。故选A。
Passage 6（2022长沙，C 人与自我）
The Adventures of Tom Sawyer is one of the great works by Mark Twain. The book is so interesting. Even today, it is quite popular among kids. Although I am in my thirties, the book remains one of my favorites. After re-reading the book recently, I have learned an important lesson from Tom Sawyer.
In our daily lives, we are often given some boring or tiring tasks. What’s in your mind when your mom tells you to clean the floor Have you ever wanted to complain（抱怨） I think most people have.
Tom Sawyer, however, thought “differently” when he was given a boring task. One Saturday morning, Aunt Polly told Tom to paint the fence（篱笆）. Tom’s friend Ben Rogers happened to walk past. Instead of complaining, Tom told Ben that he felt “excited” about the task. “Only one in a thousand—maybe even two thousand—boys can do this!” Tom said.
Tom’s words made Ben interested in the task. He even gave Tom his apple so that he could have a chance to paint the fence. If Tom had thought about nothing but complaining, he would have had a bad day painting the fence.
This story teaches me a valuable lesson: Complaining is useless. The next time you are given a boring or tiring task, don’t complain. Unlike what happens in the story of Tom Sawyer, it is unlikely that someone will come and do the work for you. However, without complaining, you’ll feel better and perhaps even do a better job!
1．Who is the writer of The Adventures of Tom Sawyer
A. Aunt Polly. B. Mark Twain. C. Ben Rogers.
2．According to the writer， what is most people’s immediate reaction（即时反应） to a boring task
A. Complaining about it.
B. Accepting it.
C. Refusing it.
3．What did Aunt Polly ask Tom to do in this text
A. Visit Ben. B. Clean the floor. C. Paint the fence.
4．Why did Tom say the underlined sentence to Ben in Paragraph 3
A. To express his sadness.
B. To catch Ben’s interest.
C. To show his anger.
5．What does the writer learn from Tom Sawyer
A. It is no use complaining.
B. Refusing is the best choice.
C. Waiting is the only way out.
本文是记叙文。作者通过叙述汤姆·索亚给篱笆刷漆的故事告诉我们，当你被分配了一个无聊且累人的工作时，抱怨是没有用的，要设法做好。主题语境属于“人与自我”范畴中“做人与做事”这一主题群，涉及子主题“自我认识，自我管理，自我提升”。
[答案]
1．B
2．A
3．C
4．B
5．A
[解析]
1．细节理解题。由本文第一句“The Adventures of Tom Sawyer is one of the great works by Mark Twain.”可知，《汤姆·索亚历险记》这本书是马克·吐温写的。故答案为B。
2．细节理解题。由原文第二段中的“What’s in your mind when your mom tells you to clean the floor Have you ever wanted to complain I think most people have.”可知，根据作者的观点，大多数人对一项无聊的任务的第一反应是抱怨。故答案为A。
3．细节理解题。由原文第三段第二句“One Saturday morning， Aunt Polly told Tom to paint the fence.”可知，Polly 阿姨让Tom给篱笆刷漆。故答案为C。
4．推理判断题。结合上下文，漆篱笆本来是一件无聊的事，但Tom告诉Ben，他对这项任务感到“兴奋”，结合Tom的话“只有千分之一甚至可能是两千分之一的男孩能做这个工作！”和第四段第一句可知，Tom这样说，是为了引起Ben的兴趣。故答案为B。
5．细节理解题。由原文最后一段第一句“This story teaches me a valuable lesson: Complaining is useless.”可知，从 Tom Sawyer这里，作者学习到：抱怨是没有用的。故答案为A。
Passage 7（2022郴州，B 人与自我）
Jiang Mengnan, a girl from Chenzhou, Hunan, received the Person Touching China of the Year Award for 2021.
Jiang Mengnan was born in 1992 in Yizhang, Chenzhou. When she was six months old, she was found unable to speak. Three months later, she was diagnosed（诊断） with heavy loss of hearing in two ears and the doctors said they couldn’t cure her.
Since then, Jiang Mengnan’s world has been silent. Her parents, who are both teachers， didn’t want their lovely daughter to be a deaf-mute（聋哑人） all her life. In order to make the girl speak, they tried all possible ways. At last， they decided to teach her vocalization（发声） and lip-reading（唇读）. In this way, Mengnan learned to understand others and even learned to talk with others, though it was a long and hard process.
With her great efforts, Jiang Mengnan finished her primary and secondary education smoothly. In 2011, she got into Jilin University and in 2018 she became a doctoral candidate（博士研究生） of School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University. She is so strong-willed and hard-working that she has changed her life completely.
Jiang Mengnan can’t be a doctor because of her hearing loss, but she wants to help people with illness， so she chose Pharmacy as her major（专业）. Though she is disabled, she has done what common people can’t do. Her story makes us believe the saying, “Where there is a will, there is a way.”
1．When was Jiang Mengnan born
A. In 1990. B. In 1991. C. In 1992.
2．What does the underlined word “cure” probably mean in Chinese
A. 关心 B. 治愈 C. 解决
3．What is Jiang Mengnan’s father
A. A doctor. B. A teacher. C. An engineer.
4．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage
A. Jiang Mengnan learnt vocalization and lip-reading.
B. Jiang Mengnan was found unable to speak at the age of six.
C. In 2021 Jiang Mengnan got into Jilin University.
5．From the passage we know that Jiang Mengnan is ______.
A. humorous， lovely and active
B. outgoing, smart and beautiful
C. helpful， hard-working and strong-willed
本文是记叙文，主要介绍了“感动中国2021年度人物”获得者——江梦南。
[答案]
1．C
2．B
3．B
4．A
5．C
[解析]
1．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Jiang Mengnan was born in 1992”可知江梦南出生于1992年，故选C。
2．词义猜测题。由画线词前面的“she was diagnosed with heavy loss of hearing in two ears”可知江梦南被诊断出双耳严重失聪。由画线词后面一句可知，从那之后她的世界已经是无声的了。由此推测出医生说他们无法治愈她，故选B。
3．细节理解题。根据第三段的“Her parents, who are both teachers”可知，她父亲是名教师，故选B。
4．细节理解题。由文章中的第三段倒数第二句话可知A项正确；由第二段中“When she was six months old, she was found unable to speak.”可知B项错误；由第四段中“In 2011, she got into Jilin University”可知C项错误。
5．推理判断题。 根据第四段中的“She is so strong-willed and hard-working that she has changed her life completely.”和第五段中的“Jiang Mengnan can’t be a doctor because of her hearing loss, but she wants to help people with illness, so she chose Pharmacy as her major.”可知她是一位乐于助人、勤奋且意志坚强的女孩，故选C。
分类训练三 说明文
Passage 1（2024湖南，B 人与自然）
Would you be able to sleep with one eye open Bottlenose dolphins（宽吻海豚） can. When they sleep, only half of their brain goes to sleep. They sleep with one eye open to stay safe. Half of their brain sleeps for about two hours before the other half of their brain gets a chance to sleep. Sometimes, the dolphins will keep swimming while they are sleeping.
Dolphins are not fish—they are mammals（哺乳动物）. These mammals have lungs（肺）. And they don’t have gills（鳃） like fish. They are also warm-blooded and have to go to the surface of the water to get air into their lungs. Dolphins don’t lay eggs. Their young are born alive, and they drink milk from their mothers.
Dolphins are one of the smartest animals in the world. There are many stories about how they save people out of water. They are able to solve many problems like humans. They can even use tools to catch fish. But their cleverness doesn’t end there. Dolphins can also pass on anything they learn to other dolphins, like interesting fishing skills. They communicate with each other in many ways. They use different sounds to talk to each other. Dolphins know the “voices” of other dolphins and even know exactly who is making which sound. Another thing that shows their cleverness is that they can also know themselves in a mirror（镜子） and check different parts of their body in it.
1．Why do bottlenose dolphins sleep with one eye open
A. To stay safe.
B. To sleep for two hours.
C. To swim faster.
2．What can we learn about dolphins from paragraph 2
A. They use gills to get air.
B. They are warm-blooded.
C. They lay eggs like fish.
3．How do dolphins talk to each other
A. By learning fishing skills.
B. By using different sounds.
C. By checking their bodies.
4．Which part of a magazine may the passage be taken from
A. Art. B. Health. C. Nature.
这是一篇说明文，介绍了宽吻海豚的特征和生活习性。主题语境属于“人与自然”范畴中“自然生态”这一主题群，涉及子主题“动物的特征与生活环境”。
[答案]
1．A
2．B
3．B
4．C
[解析]
1．细节理解题。由第一段中“They sleep with one eye open to stay safe.”可知选A。
2．细节理解题。由第二段中“And they don’t have gills like fish.”可知A项不正确；由“They are also warm-blooded and have to go to the surface of the water to get air into their lungs.”可知B项正确；根据“Dolphins don’t lay eggs.”可知C项不正确。故选B。
3．细节理解题。由第三段中“They use different sounds to talk to each other.”可知选B。
4．文章出处题。本文介绍了宽吻海豚的特征和生活习性，可知文章来源于杂志的自然版块。故选C。
Passage 2（2024湖南，C 人与自我）
Headphones are helpful. Many kids use them. But headphones can be harmful, too. They can cause hearing loss if the volume（音量） is too loud. Studies show that one out of every ten kids in the United States has some hearing loss. The cause is loud noise.
Do you know how we hear There are cells（细胞）inside the ears that help us hear. We can’t see them with our eyes. “We call them hair cells,” Jackie Clark said. “They look like hairs standing up.” Clark is a scientist at the University of Texas at Dallas. She studies noises and ears. Sound cannot be seen, but it can make the hair cells move back and forward. Think of the wind in the leaves.
Loud noises can damage（损伤） these cells. And once the cells are damaged, they don’t grow back. Sometimes, there’s tinnitus. “It’s like someone is playing a note on the flute（长笛） for a long time,” Clark says. It shows we’re losing hearing. Tinnitus is not only harmful to our ears; also it can make us feel uneasy. That’s why it’s necessary to protect our ears.
How can we protect our ears We’d better keep the volume low when we use our headphones. We should be able to hear sounds around us. And other people shouldn’t hear noise from our headphones. “If I can hear what you’re listening to when you’re wearing your headphones,” Clark says, “it’s too loud.” To protect our ears, keep our headphones at about half volume.
1．What can we know about hair cells
A. They help us hear.
B. They look like hairs lying down.
C. They can be seen clearly with our eyes.
2．What does the underlined word “tinnitus” mean in paragraph 3
A. A musical voice.
B. A kind of instrument.
C. Ringing in ears.
3．What’s the main purpose of the last paragraph
A. To give advice. B. To show problems. C. To explain reasons.
4．What’s the main idea of the passage
A. Before listening to music, choose a good headphone.
B. When using a headphone, keep the volume low.
C. After using a headphone, check your ears.
这是一篇说明文，主要介绍耳机对人的听力有可能造成损伤，建议我们降低耳机音量，以保护耳朵。主题语境属于“人与自我”范畴中“生活与学习”这一主题群，涉及子主题“健康、文明的行为习惯与生活方式”。
[答案]
1．A
2．C
3．A
4．B
[解析]
1．细节理解题。由第二段中“There are cells inside the ears that help us hear. We can’t see them with our eyes. ‘We call them hair cells，’ Jackie Clark said.”可知A为正确选项。
2．词义猜测题。由第三段中“‘It’s like someone is playing a note on the flute for a long time，’Clark says.”以及“It shows we’re losing hearing.”可知“tinnitus”意为“耳鸣”。故选C。
3．目的意图题。由第四段中的“How can we protect our ears We’d better...We should be able to...”可知，最后一段是提建议。故选A。
4．主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了耳机音量过大对人的听力有可能造成的损伤，建议我们降低耳机音量，保护耳朵。故选B。
Passage 3（2024长沙，B 人与自我）
What should you do when you can’t find the time to do a long workout Have you heard of exercise snacks（零食式锻炼）
Exercise snacks are a popular and inventive new way for people to stay fit. Instead of spending hours on the playground, people break that “large meal” into exercise “snacks”. These exercises can last anywhere from 20 seconds to two minutes. Then you can have a rest for 30 minutes to four hours before another snack.
It is reported that exercise snacks can be as useful as traditional exercise methods. Just three exercise snacks a day can benefit（使受益） your physical health. Besides that, there are lots of other benefits. Your concentration（专注力） and creativity get better, and you can become more productive. Also, “snacking” throughout the day stops you from sitting too long.
There are so many acceptable exercise snacks, like doing sit-ups, jumping rope or running up and down some stairs（楼梯）. But for those who don’t know where to start, here are some helpful exercise choices:
Exercises such as lifting weights will satisfy the needs. Since most people don’t keep weights at their offices, lift full water bottles.
Squats（深蹲）—moving your body as if to sit down while keeping your back straight. Five to ten of these should make a good snack.
For those who don’t like traditional exercises, simply turn up the music. Pick a lively song and start dancing. It’ll make for a fun workout.
What are you waiting for Let’s get moving. Your body will thank you for it!
1．How long can an exercise snack last according to the passage
A. 20 seconds to two minutes.
B. 30 minutes to four hours.
C. Five to ten minutes.
2．Which is an acceptable exercise snack mentioned in the passage
A. Doing math exercises.
B. Eating snacks.
C. Doing sit-ups.
3．What is the writer’s attitude（态度） to exercise snacks
A. Doubtful. B. Unclear. C. Supportive.
4．What is the main purpose of the passage
A. To change traditional eating habits.
B. To introduce an inventive new way to stay fit.
C. To encourage people to do long-time outdoor exercise.
这是一篇说明文，介绍了一种有创意的保持健康的新方法——零食式锻炼。主题语境属于“人与自我”范畴中“生活与学习”这一主题群，涉及子主题“身心健康，抗挫能力，珍爱生命的意识”。
[答案]
1．A
2．C
3．C
4．B
[解析]
1．细节理解题。由第二段中“These exercises can last anywhere from 20 seconds to two minutes.”可知答案为A。
2．细节理解题。由第四段中“There are so many acceptable exercise snacks, like doing sit-ups, jumping rope or running up and down some stairs.”可知答案为C。
3．观点态度题。由最后一段中“Let’s get moving. Your body will thank you for it!”可知作者对零食式锻炼方式持支持的态度。故选C。
4．写作意图题。根据文章第一段中“Have you heard of exercise snacks ”并结合全文内容可知，文章主要为了介绍一种有创意的保持健康的新方法。故选B。
Passage 4（2023长沙，C 人与社会）
Anyone who has seen The Sound of Music, the Oscar-winning movie, knows the famous city of Salzburg in Austria. The musical movie was filmed in and around the city. To enjoy the amazing（令人惊叹的） city, you only have to walk through the alleys（小巷）.
The sounds of music in Salzburg are not just from the famous film. Mozart, one of the greatest musicians, was born here, and the city is proud of him. You’ll hear Mozart’s music all over the city. And you can visit Mozart’s birthplace, learn about his childhood and even try the chocolate named for him: a Mozart ball! Don’t miss visiting the Salzburg Residenz, which was the rulers’ palace in the past. It was here that Mozart performed（表演） for the first time in his life.
A visit to Salzburg in December must include time in the Christmas markets, which can be found here and there. Visit the marketplaces for a hot drink. Then enjoy the beautiful handiwork for sale.
Salt was so important to the city of Salzburg that the city was named for it. This “white gold” brought wealth to the rulers. You can visit the Hallein Salt Mine（矿）, one of the oldest in the world. Take a train ride into the mountain, where miners will explain the mining process（过程）. Then enjoy a boat ride across an underground lake.
These are just a few of the enjoyable places in this small Austrian city. There are much more waiting for you to explore. Make sure to plan a trip to this breathtaking city. Its history and culture will excite your senses.
1．What do we know about The Sound of Music
A. It was filmed by Mozart.
B. It is an Oscar-winning movie.
C. It is a movie of Salzburg’s chocolate.
2．Where did Mozart perform for the first time in his life
A. In a Christmas market.
B. At the Hallein Salt Mine.
C. At the Salzburg Residenz.
3．What is the “white gold” in Paragraph 4
A. Salt. B. Music. C. A hot drink.
4．Which of the following does the writer agree with
A. Salzburg is too small to visit.
B. Salzburg is a place worth visiting.
C. There is nothing interesting in Salzburg.
5．What section（部分） of a magazine is the text taken from
A. Travel. B. Sports. C. Science.
本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了奥地利的萨尔茨堡，告诉大家这是一个值得去的城市。主题语境属于“人与社会”范畴中“历史、社会与文化”这一主题群。
[答案]
1．B
2．C
3．A
4．B
5．A
[解析]
1．细节理解题。由第一段第一句中“The Sound of Music, the Oscar-winning movie”可知,《音乐之声》是一部奥斯卡获奖影片。故选B。
2．细节理解题。由第二段最后两句“Don’t miss visiting the Salzburg Residenz... It was here that Mozart performed for the first time in his life.”可知,莫扎特有生以来第一次表演是在萨尔茨堡主教宫（Salzburg Residenz）。故选C。
3．推理判断题。由目标词汇定位至第四段。由前两句“Salt was so important to the city of Salzburg that the city was named for it. This ‘white gold’ brought wealth to the rulers.”可知，盐对萨尔茨堡如此重要，以至于这座城市以它命名。这种“白色黄金”给统治者带来了财富。由此可知,“white gold”指的是盐。故选A。
4．推理判断题。由本文最后两句“Make sure to plan a trip to this breathtaking city. Its history and culture will excite your senses.”可知,作者认为萨尔茨堡是个值得参观的地方。故选B。
5．推理判断题。本文主要介绍了奥地利的萨尔茨堡,告诉大家这是一个值得去的城市。所以这篇文章可能来自一本杂志的旅游部分。故选A。
Anyone who has seen The Sound of Music, the Oscar-winning movie, knows the famous city of Salzburg in Austria.任何看过奥斯卡获奖影片《音乐之声》的人都知道奥地利著名的城市萨尔茨堡。
本句是主从复合句。who引导定语从句,先行词为Anyone。
Passage 5（2023常德，C 人与自我）
Toys and games are fun, but inventing them is serious business. Big toy companies treat it even more seriously, because the more toys they sell, the more money they make. They have adults who do nothing but think up new toys. Sometimes they even work in locked rooms so no one can steal their ideas!
But not every new toy is invented that way. Some of the best inventions are made by kids. Thirteen-year-old Casey loved to play golf. He invented a way to make the game more fun. He invented a new golf tee（球座）. It is called the Bio-Tee. Most golf tees are made from wood, but Casey’s tee is made out of recycled paper. It does not harm the environment. Casey started his own company to make his new tee. He’s already had orders for millions of them.
Jessica invented a toy when she was only eight. Jessica likes to jump rope. She jumps alone and she jumps with friends. To jump alone, you need a short rope. With friends, you need a long rope. So Jessica invented a new kind of jump rope. The length of Jessica’s jump rope can be modified（调整）. It can be made long to jump with friends. Or it can be made short to jump alone. When you finish jumping, you can even turn the jump rope into a belt. Now Jessica has a business to sell her jump ropes.
Do you have a great idea for a new invention Give your idea a try. It may become the next Bio-Tee or latest jump rope.
1．Why do some adults work in locked rooms when they think up new toys
A. To keep their ideas from being stolen.
B. To invent more toys.
C. To make more money.
2．What is Casey’s golf tee made out of
A. Wood. B. Gold. C. Recycled paper.
3．How old was Jessica when she invented the new kind of jump rope
A. 13. B. 10. C. 8.
4．Whom may the writer call on to try ideas for new inventions
A. Teachers. B. Kids. C. Parents.
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了两个小朋友发明的玩具，同时鼓励大家积极发明创新。主题语境属于“人与自我”范畴中“做人与做事”这一主题群，涉及子主题“勤于动手，乐于实践，敢于创新”。
[答案]
1．A
2．C
3．C
4．B
[解析]
1．细节理解题。由第一段最后一句“Sometimes they even work in locked rooms so no one can steal their ideas!”可知，他们在上锁的房间里工作是为了防止他们的想法被窃取。故选A。
2．细节理解题。由第二段的“but Casey’s tee is made out of recycled paper”可知，Casey发明的球座是用再生纸做的。故选C。
3．细节理解题。由第三段第一句“Jessica invented a toy when she was only eight.”可知，Jessica发明这种新跳绳的时候只有8岁。故选C。
4．推理判断题。通读全文后可知，作者举了两个小朋友发明玩具的例子，同时号召大家积极参与发明创新。故选B。
Passage 6（2023衡阳，F 人与社会）
The Dolphin 1 is a kind of intelligent water rescue（救援） robot. It is independently developed by Yunzhou Technology, a company from Guangdong Province.
The rescue robot became famous for its successful rescue of a boy who was washed away by waves in Weihai， Shandong Province on Aug. 9, 2022. The Dolphin 1 has many advantages. For example, it has high floatage（漂浮性）, and its direction can be controlled. The Dolphin 1 can overturn（翻转） to adjust its position even in dangerous water conditions by itself. It is not hard to be remote-controlled（遥控） with one hand and the person who uses it does not need to have professional training before using it. When one accident happens, only one to two people are required to operate（操作） the robot for rapid rescue.
Since it was put into use, the Dolphin 1 has saved several people’s lives in Zhuhai’s Wanshan Island and coastal areas of Weihai. It has been put into operation in rescue tasks in Jiangxi and Henan provinces.
At present, the intelligent water rescue robot has been widely used in China. And more than 40 countries, including the United States of America, Spain, Italy, and Australia, have introduced the Dolphin 1 for rapid water rescue operations.
1．The underlined word “intelligent” in the first paragraph means “______” in Chinese.
A. 智能的 B. 时尚的 C. 勤奋的
2．How many people are only required to operate the robot for rapid rescue if an accident happens
A. One to four people. B. One to three people. C. One to two people.
3．What does Paragraph 2 mainly talk about
A. Advantages of the water rescue robot.
B. Research of the water rescue robot.
C. Opinions on the water rescue robot.
4．Where has the water rescue robot been put into operation in rescue tasks
A. In Hunan and Jiangxi.
B. In Jiangxi and Henan.
C. In Hunan and Henan.
5．Which part of a newspaper might the passage come from
A. Travel. B. Science. C. Culture.
本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一款智能水面救生机器人——海豚1号。主题语境属于“人与社会”范畴中“科学与技术”这一主题群,涉及子主题“科学技术与工程，人类发明与创新”。
[答案]
1．A
2．C
3．A
4．B
5．B
[解析]
1．词义猜测题。根据画线词后面的robot可知，海豚1号是一款机器人，结合下文对它的功能的介绍可知，这款机器人是非常智能的，由此可推知intelligent的意思为“智能的”，故选A。
2．细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“When one accident happens, only one to two people are required to operate the robot for rapid rescue.”可知，发生事故时，只需要一至两人就可以操控机器人进行快速营救，故选C。
3．段落大意题。根据第二段第二句“The Dolphin 1 has many advantages.”并结合本段所举的例子可知，本段主要讲述了海豚1号水面救生机器人的优点，故选A。
4．细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“It has been put into operation in rescue tasks in Jiangxi and Henan provinces.”可知，这款水面救生机器人已在江西省和河南省的救援任务中投入使用，故选B。
5．推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了一款智能水面救生机器人——海豚1号，它属于科学发明，因此可能是来自报纸的科学版块，故选B。
Passage 7（2023郴州，C 人与社会）
Astronauts would face dangers both getting to and surviving（生存） on Mars. Let’s learn about surviving a trip to Mars.
What would it take to keep people safe and healthy on a trip to Mars Scientists are already working on it though the trip may be many years later.
Over the last 60 years, many spacecraft（航天器） have flown by, orbited（沿轨道运行） and even landed on the Red Planet. However, humans could work faster and smarter than machines. That’s why the United States, China and other countries want to send people to Mars. But surviving this trip would not be easy.
A trip to Mars would be the farthest journey in human history. Mars is about 225 million kilometers away, so it would take astronauts at least six months to reach there. However, it only takes a few days to get to the moon.
While space travel is never free of danger, it takes a lot more health risks to travel in space for a long time. For one thing, staying in space for long periods makes the human body weak. Also, it puts pressure on the eyes and causes eye problems. But gravity（重力） machines could help.
Then there’s space radiation（辐射） to worry about. It might raise the risk of health problems, especially for astronauts who will have long journeys. Scientists are working out the problems. They have found taking certain vitamins（维生素） can help.
Astronauts will have to pack light to lift off from Earth. But they won’t be able to get things they need like astronauts on the space station do. Astronauts on the space station practice for this by growing lettuce and other food in space. Engineers are developing 3-D printing techniques which could allow future Mars astronauts to build tools as needed.
1．Why do the countries want to send astronauts to Mars
A. Because spacecraft couldn’t work on Mars.
B. Because humans could work faster and smarter than machines.
C. Because scientists have worked out how to survive on Mars.
2．How long would it take astronauts to reach Mars
A. A few days. B. At least six weeks. C. At least six months.
3．According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE
A. A trip to the moon would be the farthest journey in human history.
B. Space radiation might raise the risk of health problems for astronauts.
C. Taking certain vitamins can help reduce pressure behind the eyes in space.
4．In the last paragraph, the writer implies（暗示） that ______.
A. Mars astronauts will be able to get things they need
B. Mars astronauts can grow lettuce and other food now
C. 3-D printing techniques could allow astronauts to build tools as needed
5．The passage mainly talks about ______.
A. surviving a trip to Mars
B. spacecraft landing on Mars
C. health problems of future Mars astronauts
本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了如何在火星之旅中生存。主题语境属于“人与社会”范畴中“科学与技术”这一主题群,涉及子主题“科学技术与工程，人类发明与创新”。
[答案]
1．B
2．C
3．B
4．C
5．A
[解析]
1．细节理解题。根据第三段第二、三句可知，人类可以比机器工作得更快、更敏捷。这就是为什么美国、中国和其他国家想把人送上火星。故选B。
2．细节理解题。根据第四段第二句可知，火星距离地球约2.25亿千米，因此宇航员至少需要六个月才能到达那里。故选C。
3．细节理解题。根据第六段第一、二句“Then there’s space radiation to worry about. It might raise the risk of health problems...”可知，空间辐射可能会增加健康问题的风险。故选B。
4．细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句可知，工程师们正在开发3D打印技术，未来的火星宇航员可以根据需要制造工具。故选C。
5．主旨大意题。分析文章结构可知，本文为总—分结构；根据第一段的总起“Astronauts would face dangers both getting to and surviving on Mars. Let’s learn about surviving a trip to Mars.”可知，本文主要介绍如何在火星之旅中生存，故选A。
Engineers are developing 3-D printing techniques which could allow future Mars astronauts to build tools as needed.工程师们正在开发3D打印技术，可以让未来的火星宇航员根据需要制造工具。
本句为主从复合句，含有一个定语从句“which could allow future Mars astronauts to build tools as needed”，先行词为techniques。
Passage 8（2023株洲，D 人与社会）
There were actors performing Qinqiang Opera at the Tang Paradise on February 5th, 2023. Tang Paradise, located in the south of Xi’an, is a large cultural theme park showing the lifestyle of the Tang Dynasty. Qinqiang Opera, which came from the ancient folk songs and dances of the people in Shaanxi and Gansu provinces, is one of the longest-lived forms of opera in China. According to historical records, the local opera dates all the way back to the Qin Dynasty（221 BC-207 BC）. Qinqiang Opera is a reflection of ancient Chinese people’s daily life and feelings.
However, the development of pop and Western music influenced Qinqiang Opera deeply in the 1990s. During this difficult time, many Qinqiang Opera actors had no choice but to leave the opera stage where they performed. They then took on several jobs to make a living, including working as businessmen, running clothing shops and acting in small film roles.
Qinqiang Opera was listed as a national intangible cultural heritage in 2006. It has had a great influence on the development of Qinqiang Opera. About ten years ago, the audiences were mostly old people. Now lots of young audiences pour in and Qinqiang Opera performances are warmly welcomed. The number of young performers has increased as well.
The revival of Qinqiang Opera not only attracted more young actors and audiences but also reflected the country’s cultural development.
1．Which of the following is TRUE about the Tang Paradise
A. It’s in the north of Xi’an.
B. It’s a large cultural theme park.
C. It shows the lifestyle of the Qin Dynasty.
2．Qinqiang Opera came from ______.
A. the ancient folk songs and dances
B. pop music and Western music
C. country music and dances
3．Qinqiang Opera was deeply influenced by the development of pop and Western music ______.
A. in the 1970s B. in the 1980s C. in the 1990s
4．Which of the following is NOT TRUE about Qinqiang Opera
A. Qinqiang Opera is one of the longest-lived forms of opera in China.
B. Qinqiang Opera was listed as a national intangible cultural heritage in 2023.
C. Now Qinqiang Opera performances are welcomed by lots of young audiences.
5．The passage mainly talks about ______.
A. the Tang Paradise
B. Qinqiang Opera
C. pop and Western music
本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了被列为国家级非物质文化遗产的秦腔。主题语境属于“人与社会”范畴中“文学、艺术与体育”这一主题群,涉及子主题“中外影视、戏剧、音乐、舞蹈、绘画、建筑等艺术形式中的文化价值和作品赏析”。
[答案]
1．B
2．A
3．C
4．B
5．B
[解析]
1．细节理解题。根据第一段第二句可知，大唐芙蓉园位于西安市南部，是一座展示唐代生活方式的大型文化主题公园。故选B。
2．细节理解题。根据第一段第三句“Qinqiang Opera, which came from the ancient folk songs and dances...”可知，秦腔源于古老的民间歌舞，故选A。
3．细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“However, the development of pop and Western music influenced Qinqiang Opera deeply in the 1990s.”可知，20世纪90年代，流行音乐和西方音乐的发展对秦腔产生了深远的影响。故选C。
4．细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“Qinqiang Opera was listed as a national intangible cultural heritage in 2006.”可知，秦腔在2006年被列为国家级非物质文化遗产，并不是2023年。故选B。
主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了被列为国家级非物质文化遗产的秦腔，故选B。
Qinqiang Opera, which came from the ancient folk songs and dances of the people in Shaanxi and Gansu provinces, is one of the longest-lived forms of opera in
China. 秦腔是我国留存时间最长的戏曲形式之一，它源于陕甘地区古老的民间歌舞。
本句为主从复合句，含有一个非限制定语从句。主句为“Qinqiang Opera is one of the longest-lived forms of opera in China”；定语从句为“which came from the ancient folk songs and dances of the people in Shaanxi and Gansu provinces”,先行词为Qinqiang Opera。
Passage 9（2023永州，D 人与自然）
On June 3, the United States Fish and Wildlife Service（USFWS） announced that it would protect the tricolored bat. The animal would be listed under the Endangered Species Act. This follows a similar announcement, made in March, to protect the endangered northern long-eared bats. The two kinds of bats are in danger, mainly because of an illness called white-nose syndrome（综合征）.
“Bats play such an important role in keeping a healthy ecosystem,” USFWS director Martha Williams said. “But white-nose syndrome is destroying bats,” she added.
White-nose syndrome is caused by a fungus（真菌）. It is known to influence only bats, showing up on the animal’s nose and wings. The fungus grows in places that are cold, dark, and wet, like caves. As it hurts a bat’s skin, the animal’s behavior starts to change. The bat becomes more active than normal, wasting the energy it needs to live.
Worldwide, there are more than 1,400 kinds of bats. Most bats are insectivores, which means they eat insects. In a single night, bats can eat insects of “up to half their weight”. This is good news for farmers, since bats eat insects that harm crops. According to the USFWS, the animals help U.S. farmers save more than ＄3 billion a year in insect control.
Nowadays there is no treatment for white-nose syndrome. But scientists are developing ways to help bats. A 2018 study found that a special light can kill the fungus. Researchers are also testing a fungus-fighting thing that can be placed around areas where bats live. And they’re working on a vaccine（疫苗）. Local villagers also provide suggestions. One example: set bat boxes. The USFWS says it will announce a decision about how to list the tricolored bat by late 2023. A decision about the northern long-eared bat is expected next month.
1．Why are the tricolored bat and the northern long-eared bat in danger
A. Because of a special illness.
B. Because of their food.
C. Because of their living conditions.
2．How does the fungus kill a bat at last
A. By changing a bat’s behavior.
B. By hurting a bat’s skin.
C. By wasting the energy a bat needs to live.
3．Why are bats helpful to farmers in the USA
A. Because bats eat insects that harm crops.
B. Because there are more than 1,400 kinds of bats.
C. Because bats cost them more than ＄3 billion each year.
4．What are the researchers doing to fight against the white-nose syndrome
A. They are testing a special light.
B. They are working on a vaccine.
C. They are setting bat boxes.
5．What is the article mainly about
A. White-nose syndrome.
B. Kinds of bats.
C. Bats in danger.
本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了北方长耳蝙蝠和三色蝙蝠被列入濒危物种名单的原因，以及蝙蝠在生态系统方面发挥的重要作用。主题语境属于“人与自然”范畴中“自然生态”这一主题群。
[答案]
1．A
2．C
3．A
4．B
5．C
[解析]
1．细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“The two kinds of bats are in danger, mainly because of an illness called white-nose syndrome.”可知，这两种蝙蝠处于危险之中，主要是因为一种叫做白鼻综合征的疾病。故选A。
2．细节理解题。根据第三段最后两句可知，真菌伤害蝙蝠的皮肤时，它变得比正常时更活跃，浪费了它生存所需的能量，最终导致死亡。故选C。
3．细节理解题。根据第四段第三、四句可知，在一个晚上，蝙蝠可以吃掉“达它们自己体重的一半”的昆虫。这对农民来说是个好消息，因为蝙蝠吃的昆虫会伤害庄稼。故选A。
4．细节理解题。根据第五段第四、五句“Researchers are also testing... And they’re working on a vaccine.”可知，研究人员正在研制疫苗来对抗白鼻综合征。故选B。
5．主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了北方长耳蝙蝠和三色蝙蝠被列入濒危物种名单的原因，以及蝙蝠在生态系统方面发挥的重要作用。故选C。
Researchers are also testing a fungus-fighting thing that can be placed around areas where bats live.研究人员还在测试一种可以放置在蝙蝠生活区域周围的抗真菌物。
本句为主从复合句，定语从句“that can be placed around areas where bats live”修饰先行词thing。
announce v.宣布 protect v.保护 bat n.蝙蝠；球拍 place n.地方 v.放置 provide v.提供 decision n.决定
Passage 10（2023怀化，C 人与自然）
In China, there are 24 solar terms（节气） in a year. And there are six solar terms in winter. They are Beginning of Winter, Light Snow, Heavy Snow, Winter Solstice（冬至）, Lesser Cold（小寒） and Greater Cold.
Beginning of Winter usually falls on November 7th or 8th. On this day, after a year of hard work, people are happy to have a rest and spend time with the family. People in northern China usually have dumplings and mutton soup on that day.
Light Snow usually falls on November 22nd or 23rd and Heavy Snow usually falls on December 7th or 8th. When Winter Solstice comes, it brings the shortest day of the year and the longest night. Many places around the country can expect the coldest weather.
Greater Cold comes after Lesser Cold. The field is covered with snow. And all Chinese are ready to welcome the Spring Festival after it. Of course, a new round of solar terms will start.
1．How many solar terms are there in winter
A. Five. B. Six. C. Seven.
2．What do people in northern China usually have on Beginning of Winter
A. Dumplings and mutton soup.
B. Noodles and fish.
C. Rice and chicken.
3．When does Heavy Snow usually fall
A. On November 22nd or 23rd.
B. On December 1st or 2nd.
C. On December 7th or 8th.
4．What is the passage mainly about
A. Beginning of Winter.
B. The solar terms in winter.
C. Greater Cold.
本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了中国二十四节气中在冬季的六个节气。主题语境属于“人与自然”范畴中“自然生态”这一主题群,涉及子主题“季节的特征与变化，季节与生活”。
[答案]
1．B
2．A
3．C
4．B
[解析]
1．细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“And there are six solar terms in winter.”可知，冬季有六个节气。故选B。
2．细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“People in northern China usually have dumplings and mutton soup on that day.”可知，中国的北方人通常在立冬吃饺子，喝羊肉汤。故选A。
3．细节理解题。根据第三段第一句中的“Heavy Snow usually falls on December 7th or 8th”可知，“大雪”通常在12月7日或8日。故选C。
4．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要是介绍中国冬季的六个节气，故选B。
When Winter Solstice comes, it brings the shortest day of the year and the longest night.冬至到来时，带来一年中白昼最短，夜晚最长的一天。
本句为主从复合句，主句为“it brings the shortest day of the year and the longest night”，而“When Winter Solstice comes”为时间状语从句。
Passage 11（2022长沙，D 人与自然）
Otters（水獭） are cute water animals. These days, keeping otters as pets is getting popular. In Japan, some “otter cafés（咖啡馆）” are open for business. People can pay to play with the otters there and to take photos with them. In Indonesia, people go swimming with their pet otters and take funny videos. These photos and videos posted online have interested more people to buy otters as pets.
However, these enjoyable photos and videos hide the damage（损害） that the online trade is doing to otters. In fact, wild otters are facing many threats—they have long been hunted（猎杀） for their coats； in some places, fishermen have been killing otters in order to stop them from eating fish； and now, the online pet trade has become another big problem for otters.
In the wild, baby otters usually stay with their mothers during their first year of life. According to a report, 70% of the otters sold online are under one year old. These baby otters have been stolen from their mothers. When they ar中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
2025湖南版英语中考专题
第二部分中考题型专练
专题十三 阅读选择
5年中考
分类训练一 应用文
Passage 1（2024湖南，A 人与社会）
1．How can you get more information to volunteer in the library
A．Visit its website. B．E-mail Anna. C．Call Mr. Walker.
2．Where can volunteers help in September
A．In the library.
B．At Rose Garden.
C．At the old people’s home.
3．What should you be good at if you want to volunteer at Rose Garden
A．Reading stories.
B．Dancing and singing.
C．Taking care of plants.
Passage 2（2024长沙，A 人与自我）
International Summer Camp 2024 Edward Educational Company was set up in 1999. It has rich experience in providing educational trips for children. Our camp is located in（位于） the Swiss Alps. The mountains, forests and lakes here provide a playground for young adventurers（冒险者）. Three age groups The three age groups allow children to make friends of similar ages from different countries. Plenty of activities Our camp activities include rock climbing, horse riding, painting and many more. But hunting（猎捕） wild animals is not allowed. Cultural exploration（探索） Switzerland（瑞士） has many traditions like chocolate making. Through our summer camp, children will learn more about this country. For further information, please call us at 257-8900.
1．When was Edward Educational Company set up
A．In 1999. B．In 2014. C．In 2024.
2．What can children do at the camp
A．Join four age groups.
B．Learn more about Switzerland.
C．Ride horses and hunt wild animals.
Passage 3（2023长沙,A 人与社会）
Ways to Make Passwords（密码）Safer Many people pick something simple and easy for the passwords, such as simple combinations（组合） of their names, ages, or birthdays. These people are trying to make life easy for themselves. But they are also making it easy for hackers（黑客） to break into their accounts（账户）. Here is some advice. *Use capital letters; *Add numbers and/or symbols（符号） to passwords; *Don’t use personal information; *Use different passwords for different accounts； *Change the passwords every three months.
1．Why do many people use simple passwords in their daily life
A．To change personal information.
B．To make life easy for themselves.
C．To help hackers get information quickly.
2．How often should we change the passwords according to the text
A．Every month.
B．Every two months.
C．Every three months.
Passage 4（2023衡阳，D 人与自我）
A Picture of My Own City
How will your dream city look in 50 years’ time What kind of city do you hope your children, or grandchildren will be living in Now paint your own idea about the city and you’ll have a chance to win 4,000 yuan!
What: ①The idea of your painting must be your own. ②Write down the idea behind your painting in 150 words. Where: Send your painting to A Picture of My Own City, 8F, No. 128, Jiefang Road, Hengyang City. When: Send your painting before June 20, 2023. Prize:1st Prize:4,000 yuan（2 winners） 2nd Prize:3,000 yuan（4 winners） 3rd Prize:2,000 yuan（10 winners） To learn more, please visithttp://picturemyowncity.hengyangcity.gov.
1．What does the ad（广告） ask people to do？
A．To live with their grandchildren.
B．To paint their own city in 50 years.
C．To write a 150-word story.
2．Where will you send your painting
A．9F, No. 128, Jiefang Road， Hengyang City.
B．8F, No. 138, Jiefang Road, Hengyang City.
C．8F, No. 128, Jiefang Road, Hengyang City.
3．You have to send your painting ______.
A．before July 20, 2023
B．after June 20, 2023
C．before June 20, 2023
4．How much will the government pay for the 1st Prize
A．6，000 yuan. B．8，000 yuan. C．3，000 yuan.
5．Which of the following is most probably a picture for the competition
A．
B．
C．
Passage 5（2023张家界，A 人与自我）
Sing for Your Future Show Yourself —Welcome to Good Voice Club Do you like singing Do you want to relax yourself Do you want to be healthier Join our Good Voice Club! Choice of music: folk music, pop music, rock music Teachers: Catherine Black —Graduated from Central Conservatory of Music（中央音乐学院） Miss Xiang —The most talented person of the “Baixing Stage” Mr. Shang —One of the best spreaders of Sangzhi folk songs Who to Join: Aged 12~17 Place: 2F, New World Building, Wenhua Street Price: ￥20 each How to Register（报名）: www.zhangjiajiemusic.com 283-4588 Time: 8:30 a.m.-4:30 p.m. March 24th-26th, 2023
1．How many kinds of music does it mention
A．3. B．4. C．5.
2．Who is a spreader of Sangzhi folk songs
A．Mr. Shang. B．Miss Xiang. C．Catherine Black.
3．Which one can join the Good Voice Club
A．50-year-old Ms. Hu.
B．14-year-old Junjun.
C．8-year-old Nini.
4．Which of the following is TRUE from the reading
A．You can only register online.
B．Good Voice Club is on Wenhua Street.
C．Tina and Tara will spend 30 yuan joining the club.
5．What kind of writing is this
A．A novel. B．A diary. C．A poster.
Passage 6（2022长沙，B 人与社会）
Lost I lost my smartphone at West Park on Loomis Road on Monday morning, Oct. 27. The photos in it haven’t been uploaded（上传） to the Cloud. They are very important to me. Please call me at 730-8607. —posted by Steve Lee
Found A young black dog, cute and friendly, was found in Brooklyn Springs on Nov. 19. If you know the owner of this dog, please let him/her know or e- mail me at dorajones@. —posted by Dora Jones
Lost My 11-month-old cat Linda is grey with dark stripes（条纹） on her back. She has brown eyes. She was last seen at Jessica’s on Center Street on May 9. If you see her, please call me at 730-9725. —posted by Molly Louis
1．Who lost a smartphone
A．Dora Jones. B．Molly Louis. C．Steve Lee.
2．Why did Dora post the information
A．To find the dog’s owner.
B．To find her own dog.
C．To buy a black dog.
3．What do we know about the missing cat Linda
A．She is 10 months old.
B．She was last seen on May 9.
C．She is all black.
Passage 7（2022郴州，A 人与自我）
Uses: cream to treat pain and infection（感染） of small cuts and burns on the skin Warnings Use on skin only. Do not eat. Keep at room temperature. How to use Only use on adults and children aged 2 or older. Clean the cut or burn. Put the cream on the cut or burn up to three times a day.
Uses: tablets to treat headaches, muscle（肌肉） pains of the common cold Warnings Keep at room temperature. Don’t take more than two tablets at one time. How to take For adults and children aged 12 or older: take 1 tablet every 4 to 6 hours. Do not take more than 5 tablets in 24 hours.
1．Which medicine can you put on your skin according to the chart
A．Painkiller Tablet. B．Antibiotic Cream. C．Vitamin E.
2．Painkiller Tablet can be used to treat ______.
A．toothache B．stomachache C．headaches
3．What do Antibiotic Cream and Painkiller Tablet have in common
A．They can be taken with water.
B．They should be kept at room temperature.
C．They can be used after the cuts have been cleaned.
Passage 8（2022邵阳 人与社会）
1小题图 2小题图
1．All the artworks shown at the School Art Show come from______.
A．workers B．teachers C．artists
2．How much will they pay if Ms. Brown goes to the Strawberry Music Festival with her two children
A．30 yuan. B．45 yuan. C．60 yuan.
分类训练二 记叙文
Passage 1（2024长沙，C 人与自我）
The Four Seasons, written by the Italian musician Antonio Vivaldi, was first played about 300 years ago. Since then, it has enjoyed worldwide popularity.
The great musical work includes four parts: “Spring”, “Summer”, “Autumn” and “Winter”. Each part brings to mind the season it is meant to describe. “Summer”, for example, begins slowly. Listeners can easily picture a hot, lazy summer day when nobody wants to move. When you listen to “Autumn”, a harvest（收获） celebration will readily come to mind.
But now, Hache Costa, a music director in Spain, has decided to give the old work a fresh feel. He says the climate（气候） today is very different from what it was in the 1700s. The Four Seasons would be “a lot dirtier” if it were written now.
Costa has “updated” the musical work to make it match the realities of the modern world. The “updated” musical work has been played in Madrid, Spain. The performance takes place in front of a screen. As the musicians play, a video shows the effects（影响） of climate change, such as forest fires and unusually dry weather.
After enjoying it, people find the new “Summer” now sounds noisier and more powerful. Because of global warming（全球变暖）, the other three seasons have become shorter. Costa says he expects people to feel “really sad” after listening to the new The Four Seasons.
“I really want more people to become truly aware of（意识到） what is happening to our planet,” says Costa. “And I believe Vivaldi would not be angry with my changes.”
1．What do we know about The Four Seasons
A．It is still unpopular now.
B．It was written by Hache Costa.
C．It was first played about 300 years ago.
2．What will come to mind when we listen to the old “Autumn” according to the passage
A．Forest fires and dry weather.
B．A harvest celebration.
C．A hot lazy day.
3．Which is close to the underlined word “updated” in meaning in Paragraph 4
A．提上日程 B．追根溯源 C．赋予新意
4．Why did Hache Costa give the old work a fresh feel
A．To call on more people to love music.
B．To raise public awareness of climate change.
C．To present the story of Antonio Vivaldi’s colorful life.
Passage 2（2023怀化，B 人与自我）
Antarctica（南极洲） is one of the coldest places in the world. There is a penguin called Henry. The only thing he does all day is swimming in the cold water. He doesn’t like his life because it is boring for him. He wants to go out and see the world outside Antarctica. He tells it to his mother. However, his mother doesn’t allow him to go out.
But Henry leaves Antarctica. At first, he is so happy because the water is still cold and everything outside of Antarctica is different and beautiful. But he doesn’t know his mother is following him. As he swims farther away, he finds that the water is warmer and warmer. And he feels exhausted, so he has to stop his trip. He is afraid and doesn’t know what to do.
At that time, he sees his mother, “I should listen to you, Mom.” His mother says, “It’s OK. I am sure you won’t leave Antarctica any more.”
At last, Henry swims back to Antarctica with his mother.
1．Where does Henry live
A．In Africa. B．In Asia. C．In Antarctica.
2．What does Henry do all day
A．He talks with his mom.
B．He swims in the cold water.
C．He sings in the water.
3．What does the underlined word “exhausted” mean
A．疲劳的 B．兴奋的 C．羞愧的
4．Where is this passage probably from
A．A newspaper. B．A storybook. C．A report.
Passage 3（2023株洲，C 人与自我）
The sun was shining brightly over our heads and sweat（汗水） was pouring down our backs and faces. We stood still without making any noise, all hot and tired. But everyone kept standing as straight as trees.
It was something most junior high schools give to new Junior One students—military（军事的） training. We spent four days in a closed environment. Although we couldn’t go home at night and the training was strict and difficult, our humorous young drill sergeant（教官） was a real pleasure of our days. We laughed at his jokes, sat in rows singing different songs and listened to him telling true stories about his life. He gave us the feeling that sunlight and sweat were not the only things that military training offered.
After this journey, we were stronger than we had imagined and we were much braver than we had expected. Students who looked pale rested for a little while, then right away came back to the team. Students who were late rushed to the playground at once and began to run. Sweat poured down our faces, but we didn’t care about it at all.
Military training taught us to be brave and strong and never to give up. On the last day of our training, the confidence could be seen on our faces. We shouted so loud that our voices could be heard across the sky. With eyes like burning fire, we walked into the future. Now the sun is smiling at all of us.
1．Although all of the students were ______, everyone kept standing as straight as trees.
A．noisy B．tired C．sleepy
2．How long did the military training last
A．3 days. B．4 days. C．5 days.
3．What didn’t the students do during the training according to the passage
A．They sang songs.
B．They listened to stories.
C．They watched movies.
4．What does the word “it” in paragraph 3 mean
A．Being late. B．Running. C．Sweat pouring.
5．What can be the best title of the passage
A．Our Military Training
B．A Humorous Drill Sergeant
C．Junior One School Life
Passage 4（2023常德，B 人与社会）
Irwin Corey was a famous American film actor. But today, the story you will read is not about his achievements in film but about his begging（乞讨） life.
He became a beggar once and often walked in the streets of Manhattan. He wore old and broken clothes. He was very thin and seemed to be weak, looking like a poor homeless old man.
△ He only asked for some change from passing drivers, and then he gave the driver a free copy of the newspaper he bought. Each time he asked for money, he was always smiling and also told jokes to the drivers. The drivers thought him kind and humorous， so they never let him go empty-handed.
Although all the money he begged was coins, he still made lots of money at the end of the day. Irwin Corey had been begging for money for many years. However, he didn’t spend any of the money he had asked for. Every time the money was up to a certain amount（量）, he donated it to a charity which bought medical supplies for Cuban children. For 17 years, he donated all his hard-earned money to the charity.
He was not short of money. He lived in a ＄3.5 million big house. He was not a beggar, either. “On the one hand, I just want to help people in need. On the other hand, begging can make me feel not lonely, as my wife had passed away,” he said.
1．What is the story about
A．Irwin’s achievements in film.
B．Irwin’s begging life.
C．Irwin’s poor life.
2．Which can best take the place of “△” in the third paragraph
A．He begged for money in a special way.
B．He thought the drivers were rich.
C．He was a successful film star.
3．What did the drivers think of Irwin Corey
A．Friendly but lonely.
B．Kind and famous.
C．Kind and humorous.
4．What can we learn from the passage
A．Irwin was actually rich.
B．Irwin was a poor homeless old man.
C．Irwin donated all his money to charity.
Passage 5（2023郴州，B 人与社会）
You may receive lots of gifts on your birthday. But have you ever thought about giving your birthday gifts to people in need Kyle Breeden, a 12-year-old boy from Maryland, USA, has done that ever since he was six years old. On November 19th every year, Kyle invites his friends to his birthday celebration. He asks each friend to bring a new toy to donate（捐赠） to Toys for Tots.
Toys for Tots is a project which gives out toys to children whose parents cannot usually buy them toys. Kyle has donated more than 2,000 toys to the project. And he plans to continue collecting toys for other kids for years to come.
When Kyle was five, he asked his parents how he could help others. Kyle’s parents were excited to hear that and they helped him get in touch with Toys for Tots. From then on, he has looked forward to his birthday, but only to get toys. Then he collects the toys and goes to the Toys for Tots celebrations to donate them.
John Minadakis, who hosted a Toys for Tots celebration, said he had never seen someone give so much at such a young age. He believed the quality of putting others before himself could take the boy far in life.
Kyle feels good when he helps others. He hopes that through his example, other kids will be inspired to give back. “Many people around my age don’t have toys to play with. I want to do something,” Kyle said. “Even the smallest toy can make a kid’s day.”
1．When is Kyle’s birthday
A．On December 19th.
B．On November 12th.
C．On November 19th.
2．Kyle’s parents helped him get in touch with Toys for Tots when he was ______.
A．12 years old B．6 years old C．5 years old
3．What does the underlined word “inspired” probably mean in Chinese
A．改善 B．激励 C．介绍
4．What can we infer from the passage
A．Kyle plans to buy some toys to donate to Toys for Tots.
B．John Minadakis highly praised Kyle for his kind action.
C．A kid cannot spend a day happily without the smallest toy.
5．What’s the best title for the passage
A．Giving Birthday Gifts to Others
B．Toys for Tots Celebrations
C．Toys Are Important to Kids
Passage 6（2022长沙，C 人与自我）
The Adventures of Tom Sawyer is one of the great works by Mark Twain. The book is so interesting. Even today, it is quite popular among kids. Although I am in my thirties, the book remains one of my favorites. After re-reading the book recently, I have learned an important lesson from Tom Sawyer.
In our daily lives, we are often given some boring or tiring tasks. What’s in your mind when your mom tells you to clean the floor Have you ever wanted to complain（抱怨） I think most people have.
Tom Sawyer, however, thought “differently” when he was given a boring task. One Saturday morning, Aunt Polly told Tom to paint the fence（篱笆）. Tom’s friend Ben Rogers happened to walk past. Instead of complaining, Tom told Ben that he felt “excited” about the task. “Only one in a thousand—maybe even two thousand—boys can do this!” Tom said.
Tom’s words made Ben interested in the task. He even gave Tom his apple so that he could have a chance to paint the fence. If Tom had thought about nothing but complaining, he would have had a bad day painting the fence.
This story teaches me a valuable lesson: Complaining is useless. The next time you are given a boring or tiring task, don’t complain. Unlike what happens in the story of Tom Sawyer, it is unlikely that someone will come and do the work for you. However, without complaining, you’ll feel better and perhaps even do a better job!
1．Who is the writer of The Adventures of Tom Sawyer
A．Aunt Polly. B．Mark Twain. C．Ben Rogers.
2．According to the writer， what is most people’s immediate reaction（即时反应） to a boring task
A．Complaining about it.
B．Accepting it.
C．Refusing it.
3．What did Aunt Polly ask Tom to do in this text
A．Visit Ben. B．Clean the floor. C．Paint the fence.
4．Why did Tom say the underlined sentence to Ben in Paragraph 3
A．To express his sadness.
B．To catch Ben’s interest.
C．To show his anger.
5．What does the writer learn from Tom Sawyer
A．It is no use complaining.
B．Refusing is the best choice.
C．Waiting is the only way out.
Passage 7（2022郴州，B 人与自我）
Jiang Mengnan, a girl from Chenzhou, Hunan, received the Person Touching China of the Year Award for 2021.
Jiang Mengnan was born in 1992 in Yizhang, Chenzhou. When she was six months old, she was found unable to speak. Three months later, she was diagnosed（诊断） with heavy loss of hearing in two ears and the doctors said they couldn’t cure her.
Since then, Jiang Mengnan’s world has been silent. Her parents, who are both teachers， didn’t want their lovely daughter to be a deaf-mute（聋哑人） all her life. In order to make the girl speak, they tried all possible ways. At last， they decided to teach her vocalization（发声） and lip-reading（唇读）. In this way, Mengnan learned to understand others and even learned to talk with others, though it was a long and hard process.
With her great efforts, Jiang Mengnan finished her primary and secondary education smoothly. In 2011, she got into Jilin University and in 2018 she became a doctoral candidate（博士研究生） of School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University. She is so strong-willed and hard-working that she has changed her life completely.
Jiang Mengnan can’t be a doctor because of her hearing loss, but she wants to help people with illness， so she chose Pharmacy as her major（专业）. Though she is disabled, she has done what common people can’t do. Her story makes us believe the saying, “Where there is a will, there is a way.”
1．When was Jiang Mengnan born
A．In 1990. B．In 1991. C．In 1992.
2．What does the underlined word “cure” probably mean in Chinese
A．关心 B．治愈 C．解决
3．What is Jiang Mengnan’s father
A．A doctor. B．A teacher. C．An engineer.
4．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage
A．Jiang Mengnan learnt vocalization and lip-reading.
B．Jiang Mengnan was found unable to speak at the age of six.
C．In 2021 Jiang Mengnan got into Jilin University.
5．From the passage we know that Jiang Mengnan is ______.
A．humorous， lovely and active
B．outgoing, smart and beautiful
C．helpful， hard-working and strong-willed
分类训练三 说明文
Passage 1（2024湖南,B 人与自然）
Would you be able to sleep with one eye open Bottlenose dolphins（宽吻海豚） can. When they sleep, only half of their brain goes to sleep. They sleep with one eye open to stay safe. Half of their brain sleeps for about two hours before the other half of their brain gets a chance to sleep. Sometimes, the dolphins will keep swimming while they are sleeping.
Dolphins are not fish—they are mammals（哺乳动物）. These mammals have lungs（肺）. And they don’t have gills（鳃） like fish. They are also warm-blooded and have to go to the surface of the water to get air into their lungs. Dolphins don’t lay eggs. Their young are born alive, and they drink milk from their mothers.
Dolphins are one of the smartest animals in the world. There are many stories about how they save people out of water. They are able to solve many problems like humans. They can even use tools to catch fish. But their cleverness doesn’t end there. Dolphins can also pass on anything they learn to other dolphins, like interesting fishing skills. They communicate with each other in many ways. They use different sounds to talk to each other. Dolphins know the “voices” of other dolphins and even know exactly who is making which sound. Another thing that shows their cleverness is that they can also know themselves in a mirror（镜子） and check different parts of their body in it.
1．Why do bottlenose dolphins sleep with one eye open
A．To stay safe. B．To sleep for two hours.
C．To swim faster.
2．What can we learn about dolphins from paragraph 2
A．They use gills to get air.
B．They are warm-blooded.
C．They lay eggs like fish.
3．How do dolphins talk to each other
A．By learning fishing skills.
B．By using different sounds.
C．By checking their bodies.
4．Which part of a magazine may the passage be taken from
A．Art. B．Health. C．Nature.
Passage 2（2024湖南,C 人与自我）
Headphones are helpful. Many kids use them. But headphones can be harmful, too. They can cause hearing loss if the volume（音量） is too loud. Studies show that one out of every ten kids in the United States has some hearing loss. The cause is loud noise.
Do you know how we hear There are cells（细胞）inside the ears that help us hear. We can’t see them with our eyes. “We call them hair cells,” Jackie Clark said. “They look like hairs standing up.” Clark is a scientist at the University of Texas at Dallas. She studies noises and ears. Sound cannot be seen, but it can make the hair cells move back and forward. Think of the wind in the leaves.
Loud noises can damage（损伤） these cells. And once the cells are damaged, they don’t grow back. Sometimes, there’s tinnitus. “It’s like someone is playing a note on the flute（长笛） for a long time,” Clark says. It shows we’re losing hearing. Tinnitus is not only harmful to our ears; also it can make us feel uneasy. That’s why it’s necessary to protect our ears.
How can we protect our ears We’d better keep the volume low when we use our headphones. We should be able to hear sounds around us. And other people shouldn’t hear noise from our headphones. “If I can hear what you’re listening to when you’re wearing your headphones,” Clark says, “it’s too loud.” To protect our ears, keep our headphones at about half volume.
1．What can we know about hair cells
A．They help us hear.
B．They look like hairs lying down.
C．They can be seen clearly with our eyes.
2．What does the underlined word “tinnitus” mean in paragraph 3
A．A musical voice.
B．A kind of instrument.
C．Ringing in ears.
3．What’s the main purpose of the last paragraph
A．To give advice. B．To show problems. C．To explain reasons.
4．What’s the main idea of the passage
A．Before listening to music, choose a good headphone.
B．When using a headphone, keep the volume low.
C．After using a headphone, check your ears.
Passage 3（2024长沙，B 人与自我）
What should you do when you can’t find the time to do a long workout Have you heard of exercise snacks（零食式锻炼）
Exercise snacks are a popular and inventive new way for people to stay fit. Instead of spending hours on the playground, people break that “large meal” into exercise “snacks”. These exercises can last anywhere from 20 seconds to two minutes. Then you can have a rest for 30 minutes to four hours before another snack.
It is reported that exercise snacks can be as useful as traditional exercise methods. Just three exercise snacks a day can benefit（使受益） your physical health. Besides that, there are lots of other benefits. Your concentration（专注力） and creativity get better, and you can become more productive. Also, “snacking” throughout the day stops you from sitting too long.
There are so many acceptable exercise snacks, like doing sit-ups, jumping rope or running up and down some stairs（楼梯）. But for those who don’t know where to start, here are some helpful exercise choices:
Exercises such as lifting weights will satisfy the needs. Since most people don’t keep weights at their offices, lift full water bottles.
Squats（深蹲）—moving your body as if to sit down while keeping your back straight. Five to ten of these should make a good snack.
For those who don’t like traditional exercises, simply turn up the music. Pick a lively song and start dancing. It’ll make for a fun workout.
What are you waiting for Let’s get moving. Your body will thank you for it!
1．How long can an exercise snack last according to the passage
A．20 seconds to two minutes.
B．30 minutes to four hours.
C．Five to ten minutes.
2．Which is an acceptable exercise snack mentioned in the passage
A．Doing math exercises.
B．Eating snacks.
C．Doing sit-ups.
3．What is the writer’s attitude（态度） to exercise snacks
A．Doubtful. B．Unclear. C．Supportive.
4．What is the main purpose of the passage
A．To change traditional eating habits.
B．To introduce an inventive new way to stay fit.
C．To encourage people to do long-time outdoor exercise.
Passage 4（2023长沙,C 人与社会）
Anyone who has seen The Sound of Music, the Oscar-winning movie, knows the famous city of Salzburg in Austria. The musical movie was filmed in and around the city. To enjoy the amazing（令人惊叹的） city, you only have to walk through the alleys（小巷）.
The sounds of music in Salzburg are not just from the famous film. Mozart, one of the greatest musicians, was born here, and the city is proud of him. You’ll hear Mozart’s music all over the city. And you can visit Mozart’s birthplace, learn about his childhood and even try the chocolate named for him: a Mozart ball! Don’t miss visiting the Salzburg Residenz, which was the rulers’ palace in the past. It was here that Mozart performed（表演） for the first time in his life.
A visit to Salzburg in December must include time in the Christmas markets, which can be found here and there. Visit the marketplaces for a hot drink. Then enjoy the beautiful handiwork for sale.
Salt was so important to the city of Salzburg that the city was named for it. This “white gold” brought wealth to the rulers. You can visit the Hallein Salt Mine（矿）, one of the oldest in the world. Take a train ride into the mountain, where miners will explain the mining process（过程）. Then enjoy a boat ride across an underground lake.
These are just a few of the enjoyable places in this small Austrian city. There are much more waiting for you to explore. Make sure to plan a trip to this breathtaking city. Its history and culture will excite your senses.
1．What do we know about The Sound of Music
A．It was filmed by Mozart.
B．It is an Oscar-winning movie.
C．It is a movie of Salzburg’s chocolate.
2．Where did Mozart perform for the first time in his life
A．In a Christmas market.
B．At the Hallein Salt Mine.
C．At the Salzburg Residenz.
3．What is the “white gold” in Paragraph 4
A．Salt. B．Music. C．A hot drink.
4．Which of the following does the writer agree with
A．Salzburg is too small to visit.
B．Salzburg is a place worth visiting.
C．There is nothing interesting in Salzburg.
5．What section（部分） of a magazine is the text taken from
A．Travel. B．Sports. C．Science.
Passage 5（2023常德，C 人与自我）
Toys and games are fun, but inventing them is serious business. Big toy companies treat it even more seriously, because the more toys they sell, the more money they make. They have adults who do nothing but think up new toys. Sometimes they even work in locked rooms so no one can steal their ideas!
But not every new toy is invented that way. Some of the best inventions are made by kids. Thirteen-year-old Casey loved to play golf. He invented a way to make the game more fun. He invented a new golf tee（球座）. It is called the Bio-Tee. Most golf tees are made from wood, but Casey’s tee is made out of recycled paper. It does not harm the environment. Casey started his own company to make his new tee. He’s already had orders for millions of them.
Jessica invented a toy when she was only eight. Jessica likes to jump rope. She jumps alone and she jumps with friends. To jump alone, you need a short rope. With friends, you need a long rope. So Jessica invented a new kind of jump rope. The length of Jessica’s jump rope can be modified（调整）. It can be made long to jump with friends. Or it can be made short to jump alone. When you finish jumping, you can even turn the jump rope into a belt. Now Jessica has a business to sell her jump ropes.
Do you have a great idea for a new invention Give your idea a try. It may become the next Bio-Tee or latest jump rope.
1．Why do some adults work in locked rooms when they think up new toys
A．To keep their ideas from being stolen.
B．To invent more toys.
C．To make more money.
2．What is Casey’s golf tee made out of
A．Wood. B．Gold. C．Recycled paper.
3．How old was Jessica when she invented the new kind of jump rope
A．13. B．10. C．8.
4．Whom may the writer call on to try ideas for new inventions
A．Teachers. B．Kids. C．Parents.
Passage 6（2023衡阳，F 人与社会）
The Dolphin 1 is a kind of intelligent water rescue（救援） robot. It is independently developed by Yunzhou Technology, a company from Guangdong Province.
The rescue robot became famous for its successful rescue of a boy who was washed away by waves in Weihai， Shandong Province on Aug. 9, 2022. The Dolphin 1 has many advantages. For example, it has high floatage（漂浮性）, and its direction can be controlled. The Dolphin 1 can overturn（翻转） to adjust its position even in dangerous water conditions by itself. It is not hard to be remote-controlled（遥控） with one hand and the person who uses it does not need to have professional training before using it. When one accident happens, only one to two people are required to operate（操作） the robot for rapid rescue.
Since it was put into use, the Dolphin 1 has saved several people’s lives in Zhuhai’s Wanshan Island and coastal areas of Weihai. It has been put into operation in rescue tasks in Jiangxi and Henan provinces.
At present, the intelligent water rescue robot has been widely used in China. And more than 40 countries, including the United States of America, Spain, Italy, and Australia, have introduced the Dolphin 1 for rapid water rescue operations.
1．The underlined word “intelligent” in the first paragraph means “______” in Chinese.
A．智能的 B．时尚的 C．勤奋的
2．How many people are only required to operate the robot for rapid rescue if an accident happens
A．One to four people.
B．One to three people.
C．One to two people.
3．What does Paragraph 2 mainly talk about
A．Advantages of the water rescue robot.
B．Research of the water rescue robot.
C．Opinions on the water rescue robot.
4．Where has the water rescue robot been put into operation in rescue tasks
A．In Hunan and Jiangxi.
B．In Jiangxi and Henan.
C．In Hunan and Henan.
5．Which part of a newspaper might the passage come from
A．Travel. B．Science. C．Culture.
Passage 7（2023郴州，C 人与社会）
Astronauts would face dangers both getting to and surviving（生存） on Mars. Let’s learn about surviving a trip to Mars.
What would it take to keep people safe and healthy on a trip to Mars Scientists are already working on it though the trip may be many years later.
Over the last 60 years, many spacecraft（航天器） have flown by, orbited（沿轨道运行） and even landed on the Red Planet. However, humans could work faster and smarter than machines. That’s why the United States, China and other countries want to send people to Mars. But surviving this trip would not be easy.
A trip to Mars would be the farthest journey in human history. Mars is about 225 million kilometers away, so it would take astronauts at least six months to reach there. However, it only takes a few days to get to the moon.
While space travel is never free of danger, it takes a lot more health risks to travel in space for a long time. For one thing, staying in space for long periods makes the human body weak. Also, it puts pressure on the eyes and causes eye problems. But gravity（重力） machines could help.
Then there’s space radiation（辐射） to worry about. It might raise the risk of health problems, especially for astronauts who will have long journeys. Scientists are working out the problems. They have found taking certain vitamins（维生素） can help.
Astronauts will have to pack light to lift off from Earth. But they won’t be able to get things they need like astronauts on the space station do. Astronauts on the space station practice for this by growing lettuce and other food in space. Engineers are developing 3-D printing techniques which could allow future Mars astronauts to build tools as needed.
1．Why do the countries want to send astronauts to Mars
A．Because spacecraft couldn’t work on Mars.
B．Because humans could work faster and smarter than machines.
C．Because scientists have worked out how to survive on Mars.
2．How long would it take astronauts to reach Mars
A．A few days.
B．At least six weeks.
C．At least six months.
3．According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE
A．A trip to the moon would be the farthest journey in human history.
B．Space radiation might raise the risk of health problems for astronauts.
C．Taking certain vitamins can help reduce pressure behind the eyes in space.
4．In the last paragraph, the writer implies（暗示） that ______.
A．Mars astronauts will be able to get things they need
B．Mars astronauts can grow lettuce and other food now
C．3-D printing techniques could allow astronauts to build tools as needed
5．The passage mainly talks about ______.
A．surviving a trip to Mars
B．spacecraft landing on Mars
C．health problems of future Mars astronauts
Passage 8（2023株洲，D 人与社会）
There were actors performing Qinqiang Opera at the Tang Paradise on February 5th, 2023. Tang Paradise, located in the south of Xi’an, is a large cultural theme park showing the lifestyle of the Tang Dynasty. Qinqiang Opera, which came from the ancient folk songs and dances of the people in Shaanxi and Gansu provinces, is one of the longest-lived forms of opera in China. According to historical records, the local opera dates all the way back to the Qin Dynasty（221 BC-207 BC）. Qinqiang Opera is a reflection of ancient Chinese people’s daily life and feelings.
However, the development of pop and Western music influenced Qinqiang Opera deeply in the 1990s. During this difficult time, many Qinqiang Opera actors had no choice but to leave the opera stage where they performed. They then took on several jobs to make a living, including working as businessmen, running clothing shops and acting in small film roles.
Qinqiang Opera was listed as a national intangible cultural heritage in 2006. It has had a great influence on the development of Qinqiang Opera. About ten years ago, the audiences were mostly old people. Now lots of young audiences pour in and Qinqiang Opera performances are warmly welcomed. The number of young performers has increased as well.
The revival of Qinqiang Opera not only attracted more young actors and audiences but also reflected the country’s cultural development.
1．Which of the following is TRUE about the Tang Paradise
A．It’s in the north of Xi’an.
B．It’s a large cultural theme park.
C．It shows the lifestyle of the Qin Dynasty.
2．Qinqiang Opera came from ______.
A．the ancient folk songs and dances
B．pop music and Western music
C．country music and dances
3．Qinqiang Opera was deeply influenced by the development of pop and Western music ______.
A．in the 1970s B．in the 1980s C．in the 1990s
4．Which of the following is NOT TRUE about Qinqiang Opera
A．Qinqiang Opera is one of the longest-lived forms of opera in China.
B．Qinqiang Opera was listed as a national intangible cultural heritage in 2023.
C．Now Qinqiang Opera performances are welcomed by lots of young audiences.
5．The passage mainly talks about ______.
A．the Tang Paradise
B．Qinqiang Opera
C．pop and Western music
Passage 9（2023永州，D 人与自然）
On June 3, the United States Fish and Wildlife Service（USFWS） announced that it would protect the tricolored bat. The animal would be listed under the Endangered Species Act. This follows a similar announcement, made in March, to protect the endangered northern long-eared bats. The two kinds of bats are in danger, mainly because of an illness called white-nose syndrome（综合征）.
“Bats play such an important role in keeping a healthy ecosystem,” USFWS director Martha Williams said. “But white-nose syndrome is destroying bats,” she added.
White-nose syndrome is caused by a fungus（真菌）. It is known to influence only bats, showing up on the animal’s nose and wings. The fungus grows in places that are cold, dark, and wet, like caves. As it hurts a bat’s skin, the animal’s behavior starts to change. The bat becomes more active than normal, wasting the energy it needs to live.
Worldwide, there are more than 1,400 kinds of bats. Most bats are insectivores, which means they eat insects. In a single night, bats can eat insects of “up to half their weight”. This is good news for farmers, since bats eat insects that harm crops. According to the USFWS, the animals help U.S. farmers save more than ＄3 billion a year in insect control.
Nowadays there is no treatment for white-nose syndrome. But scientists are developing ways to help bats. A 2018 study found that a special light can kill the fungus. Researchers are also testing a fungus-fighting thing that can be placed around areas where bats live. And they’re working on a vaccine（疫苗）. Local villagers also provide suggestions. One example: set bat boxes. The USFWS says it will announce a decision about how to list the tricolored bat by late 2023. A decision about the northern long-eared bat is expected next month.
1．Why are the tricolored bat and the northern long-eared bat in danger
A．Because of a special illness.
B．Because of their food.
C．Because of their living conditions.
2．How does the fungus kill a bat at last
A．By changing a bat’s behavior.
B．By hurting a bat’s skin.
C．By wasting the energy a bat needs to live.
3．Why are bats helpful to farmers in the USA
A．Because bats eat insects that harm crops.
B．Because there are more than 1,400 kinds of bats.
C．Because bats cost them more than ＄3 billion each year.
4．What are the researchers doing to fight against the white-nose syndrome
A．They are testing a special light.
B．They are working on a vaccine.
C．They are setting bat boxes.
5．What is the article mainly about
A．White-nose syndrome.
B．Kinds of bats.
C．Bats in danger.
Passage 10（2023怀化,C 人与自然）
In China, there are 24 solar terms（节气） in a year. And there are six solar terms in winter. They are Beginning of Winter, Light Snow, Heavy Snow, Winter Solstice（冬至）, Lesser Cold（小寒） and Greater Cold.
Beginning of Winter usually falls on November 7th or 8th. On this day, after a year of hard work, people are happy to have a rest and spend time with the family. People in northern China usually have dumplings and mutton soup on that day.
Light Snow usually falls on November 22nd or 23rd and Heavy Snow usually falls on December 7th or 8th. When Winter Solstice comes, it brings the shortest day of the year and the longest night. Many places around the country can expect the coldest weather.
Greater Cold comes after Lesser Cold. The field is covered with snow. And all Chinese are ready to welcome the Spring Festival after it. Of course, a new round of solar terms will start.
1．How many solar terms are there in winter
A．Five. B．Six. C．Seven.
2．What do people in northern China usually have on Beginning of Winter
A．Dumplings and mutton soup.
B．Noodles and fish.
C．Rice and chicken.
3．When does Heavy Snow usually fall
A．On November 22nd or 23rd.
B．On December 1st or 2nd.
C．On December 7th or 8th.
4．What is the passage mainly about
A．Beginning of Winter.
B．The solar terms in winter.
C．Greater Cold.
Passage 11（2022长沙，D 人与自然）
Otters（水獭） are cute water animals. These days, keeping otters as pets is getting popular. In Japan, some “otter cafés（咖啡馆）” are open for business. People can pay to play with the otters there and to take photos with them. In Indonesia, people go swimming with their pet otters and take funny videos. These photos and videos posted online have interested more people to buy otters as pets.
However, these enjoyable photos and videos hide the damage（损害） that the online trade is doing to otters. In fact, wild otters are facing many threats—they have long been hunted（猎杀） for their coats； in some places, fishermen have been killing otters in order to stop them from eating fish； and now, the online pet trade has become another big problem for otters.
In the wild, baby otters usually stay with their mothers during their first year of life. According to a report, 70% of the otters sold online are under one year old. These baby otters have been stolen from their mothers. When they are kept as pets by humans, they do not live full and natural lives.
Otters are very social. They live in family groups of up to 15 in the wild. Keeping an otter as a pet can make it very sad and lonely. These animals also need enough space to swim. Their owners’ bathtubs（浴缸） or pools are nowhere near as large as the bodies of water in the wild.
On the other hand, otters simply don’t make good pets. They have a very special fishy smell. If they are kept indoors, they will leave a lot of waste around the house. This would make the smell even more unpleasant. Besides, when otters are unhappy, they will make loud noises and even attack（攻击） people. If a person is hurt by an otter, he or she needs to go to hospital at once.
So, we should stop the otter pet trade and never share photos and videos about them online.
1．What does Paragraph 1 mainly talk about
A．The ways of buying otters online.
B．The advantages of playing with otters.
C．The popularity of keeping otters as pets.
2．What does the underlined word “threats” mean in Paragraph 2
A．机遇 B．威胁 C．选择
3．What do we know about otters in the wild
A．They live in family groups of up to 15.
B．They don’t need enough space to swim.
C．Baby otters never stay with their mothers.
4．Why don’t otters make good pets
a.They may attack people. b.They may make loud noises.
c.They have a special fishy smell. d.They need to go to hospital often.
A．a，b，c
B．a，b，d
C．b，c，d
5．What is the writer’s main purpose of writing the text
A．To tell people the otters’ living habits.
B．To teach people how to keep a pet otter.
C．To call on people to stop the otter pet trade.
Passage 12（2022常德改编，E 人与自然）
Bike to Work Day
National Bike to Work Day is held every year across North America on the third Friday of May. It was started by the League of American Bicyclists in 1955. Its aim is to promote（促进） the bicycle as a serious choice of getting to and from work. In today’s world where global warming is a serious issue, the bicycle is a perfect way of reducing our carbon（碳） footprint.
Cycling to work is a healthy alternative（选择） to driving or taking public transport. A healthier society means there is not so much pressure（压力） on the country’s health system. Of course, it depends on how far you live from your place of work. Another benefit of cycling is feeling more creative and full of energy once you get to work, which will improve your performance.
Bicycles are the most common form of transport in the world. There are about one billion worldwide. This makes it the most popular invention ever. When we think of some countries, like China, we imagine hundreds of people cycling everywhere. In Japan, it is impossible not to see businessmen, farmers, mothers or workers in the streets on their bikes.
Bicycles were invented in the 19th century and haven’t changed much since. Bicycles now have gears, better brakes and suspension, but the shape is the same as before. We use bicycles today for recreation, fitness, policing, Olympic competitions, mail delivery and lots more. Without the bicycle, much of the world might stop working!
1．The “may” in “______” has the same meaning as the underlined one in the first paragraph.
A．Welcome, sir. May I help you
B．May 1st is a Labor Day Holiday worldwide.
C．May this year be a happy and healthy one for you and your family!
2．Which can best replace “______” in the passage
A．Cycling is also much kinder to your pocket.
B．After all, cycling to work is much healthier.
C．Cycling makes you full of energy.
3．Why does the author mention China
A．People in Japan also like bicycles.
B．To tell us the bicycle was invented in China.
C．To show the bicycle is the most common form of transport.
4．What can we know from the last paragraph
A．Bicycles have different uses.
B．We can’t work without bicycles.
C．Bicycles have changed a lot since invented.
Passage 13（2022郴州，C 人与自我）
In 1902, Karl Landsteiner, an Austrian-born American scientist, discovered that there are four types of blood. These four blood types are named A, B， AB and O. People have one of these four types. Blood type O is the most common around the world. Blood type A is the second most common， and type AB is the least common. If people with type A blood are given type B blood, or people with type B blood are given type A blood, they will probably die.
In 1927, a Japanese doctor, Furukawa Takeji, did research and found that people with different blood types also have different personalities（性格）. He said that people with type A blood are usually calm and serious; people with type B blood are curious（好奇的）, cheerful, and outgoing; people with type O blood are generous（慷慨的） and honest; while those with type AB blood are often caring, creative and careful.
More recently, a doctor in the United States wrote a book that connects blood types with what people eat. For example, his book suggests people with type O blood should eat more meat and less bread and that people with type A blood should eat more vegetables. His book, Eat Right for Your Type, has been popular with people who want to lose weight. However, Dr. Peter D’Adamo believes that if a person wants to lose weight easily, he had better eat food that matches his blood type. He thinks it will make the person healthier in other ways, too.
1．Karl Landsteiner discovered that ______.
A．there are four types of personalities
B．blood is divided into four types
C．blood types are connected with what people eat
2．Where does Furukawa Takeji come from
A．Japan. B．America. C．Austria.
3．What kind of people are probably more interested in Eat Right for Your Type
A．People with type B blood.
B．People who are too heavy.
C．People who are thin.
4．From the passage, we can infer（推断） that ______.
A．people with type B blood can’t be given type A blood
B．people with type AB blood are calm and honest
C．people with type O blood should eat more vegetables and less bread
5．What is the passage mainly about
A．The types of blood.
B．Blood types and personalities.
C．Three men’s discoveries or research about blood types.
分类训练四 议论文+新闻报道
Passage 1（2023长沙,D 人与社会）
It is commonly believed that children are too young to fully appreciate（理解） the experience and knowledge of their elders, while many think that old people don’t understand the young. But actually（事实上）, both groups have a lot to learn from each other.
James Smith runs the Smith’s Care Home in my city. It is mainly an organization（机构） for serving the elderly. But not all of its visitors are old people. The home also includes a childcare center for preschool kids. There is a playground in the care home, where the elderly can play with the kids. In this way, they can learn more about each other, and respect（尊重） and understand one another.
I suppose this is quite an interesting idea. For one thing, we live in a world where there are more and more old people. The world is facing this problem and its population ages. It will be important for young people to be able to understand and care for the elderly in the coming years.
Regretfully, my own grandparents weren’t around when I was little, as they had already passed away. I never got to learn what the world was like through their eyes, or what kinds of problems they might have faced when they were my age. To me, their lives will always be a mystery—hard to understand or explain.
However, I think I can still learn from other people of older generations（辈）. I might find some of their ideas out of date, and they might believe that my generation’s way of thinking is strange or incorrect. But we can still learn from each other anyway.
1．What is special about the Smith’s Care Home
A．It is only a childcare center actually.
B．The elderly look after kids carefully there.
C．It accepts both the elderly and preschool kids.
2．In the writer’s opinion（观点）, what problem is the world facing
A．There are more and more old people.
B．The world’s population is dropping rapidly.
C．The world is short of care homes for old people.
3．What does the underlined word “mystery” mean in Paragraph 4
A．笑话 B．悲剧 C．谜团
4．How does the writer develop his/her idea in this text
A．By giving examples.
B．By listing numbers.
C．By raising questions.
5．What is the main purpose of the text
A．To explain why the world’s population ages.
B．To encourage different generations to learn from each other.
C．To show that older generations’ ways of thinking are incorrect.
Passage 2（2023永州，A 人与社会）
C919, China’s self-developed large passenger plane, started its first commercial flight（商业飞行） from Shanghai to Beijing on May 28, 2023. The flight, run by China Eastern Airlines, took off as MU9191 at 10:32 a.m. from Shanghai Hongqiao International Airport with 128 passengers on board. It is due to land at Beijing Capital International Airport.
The C919 project began in 2007. Developed by the Commercial Aircraft Corporation of China, Ltd., the first C919 airplane rolled off the production line in Shanghai in November, 2015. In 2017, the plane finished its first flight.
1．When did C919 start its first commercial flight
A．In 2015. B．In 2017. C．In 2023.
2．Where did the flight MU9191 take off
A．Shanghai. B．Tianjin. C．Beijing.
Passage 3（2022怀化，C 人与自然）
It’s late autumn in the Arctic Ocean（北冰洋）. The water is covered with ice. It’s difficult for the white whales to breathe, so they come up to find openings in the ice to get enough air. As the winter is coming, they know it’s time to leave.
A group of about a hundred white whales swim south toward the Bering Sea. Halfway through their journey, their enemy, an orca（虎鲸） is swimming toward the white whales. With the help of large ice floes（浮冰）, the white whales swim faster than the orca. This gives the white whales time to swim away.
After a few more days of swimming, they arrive at the Bering Sea. The white whales will rest, hunt, and play here until April, then they’ll swim back to the Arctic Ocean.
1．Why do the white whales come up to find openings in the ice
A．To get enough air.
B．To get enough food.
C．To keep warm.
2．What helps the white whales to swim away from the orca
A．Their teeth. B．Large ice floes. C．Brave fights.
3．The white whales won’t leave the Bering Sea until ______.
A．February B．March C．April
4．What’s the best title of the passage
A．How Can White Whales Live in Summer
B．White Whales Are on the Move
C．White Whales Are in Great Danger
Passage 4（2022怀化，B 人与社会）
On August 5, 2021, Chinese sportswoman Quan Hongchan became the youngest Chinese diver（跳水运动员） to win a gold medal in the Tokyo Olympic Games.
Quan was born on March 28, 2007 and grew up in the small village of Maihe, Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province. She is the third among the five children in her family. Quan started diving at the age of 7 in Zhanjiang and joined the Guangdong provincial team in 2018. Quan has spent almost all her time on hard training. She had never been to a zoo or an amusement park before 2021.
When people asked her how to celebrate the success as an Olympic champion（冠军）, Quan said, “In many ways. My mom had a car accident four years ago. I wanted to make more money to help cure（治愈） her. My gold medal is the best gift for her. Now, the most important thing is to prepare for our National Games which will be held in September.”
1．Quan Hongchan won the gold medal in the Tokyo Olympic Games when she was ______ years old.
A．7 B．12 C．14
2．Where was Quan Hongchan born
A．In a busy city. B．In a small village. C．In a big town.
3．What happened to Quan’s mother four years ago
A．She had a car accident.
B．She was ill.
C．She got lost.
4．Which of the following is TRUE about Quan Hongchan
A．She wanted to make money to cure her father.
B．She started skating at the age of 7.
C．She had never been to a zoo before 2021.
Passage 5（2022永州，A 人与自我）
Food Gone to Waste
More than a billion tons of food are wasted each year, according to a new report from the United Nations. That’s 17% of the food produced in the world in a year.
Most waste happens at home, the report says. People buy too much food. They also throw it away too soon because of the date on the package. Waste happens in restaurants and stores, too.
Experts say governments need to do more to avoid food waste and develop better habits. Richard Swannell is one of the report’s authors. He hopes the government will lead people to value food more. “Food is too important to waste,” he says.
1．How much food is wasted each year
A．More than a million tons.
B．More than a billion tons.
C．Over 17% of the food produced.
2．Where does most food waste happen
A．In restaurants. B．At home. C．In stores.
Passage 6（2021衡阳，C 人与社会）
An international expo（博览会） on big data（数据） opened on Wednesday in southwest China’s Guizhou Province, showing the newest scientific and technological creations and achievements in the relevant area, May 26, 2021.
Big data is a lot of sets of information that are put together so they can be used by a computer program. The computer program looks for different kinds of answers or patterns in the data. Big data can have different kinds of information that comes from schools, social media sites, companies, and governments. One set of data can have people’s names and addresses. Another set can have what they like, where they go to school, and how much time they spend on the computer.
President Xi Jinping called for China to speed up its big data strategy（战略） in order to better serve social and economic（经济） development and improve people’s lives. In the past few years big data has been used more often in China. The government uses it to understand how many people travel on buses or trains. The information is then used to make bus or train systems better. Some schools use big data to understand which children may need extra（额外的） help in class. The teacher can give certain students more help or support so those students can succeed in school. The role it plays in tourism is another example. The data travelers share online is offering the tourism industry a lot of information about the country’s scenic areas（景区）. After the data is analyzed（分析）, different scenic areas can create their own online information for other travelers to see. The information not only tells travelers’ reviews, but also tells the scenic areas where services need to be improved.
1．The international expo on big data probably opened in ______.
A．Hengyang B．Guiyang C．Shenyang
2．What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 2 refer to
A．Computer programs.
B．Social media sites.
C．Sets of information.
3．Which purpose of speeding up big data strategy is NOT mentioned according to President Xi Jinping’s opinion
A．To better serve social and economic development.
B．To improve people’s lives.
C．To protect the environment.
4．Some schools use big data to ______ according to Paragraph 3.
A．find out how many students travel on buses or trains
B．help students in need
C．offer students information about the scenic areas
5．We can read the passage ______.
A．on a movie poster B．in a storybook C．on a news website
3年模拟
综合模拟一 人与自我
Passage 1（2024邵阳一模）
Drawing Competition The art club of our school will have a drawing competition on December 3rd, 2024. It will be in the school hall from 9：00 a.m. to 11：30 a.m. Remember to bring your pencils. The school will give you some paper（纸）.
Museum Trip Dear Grade 9 students， You will have a day trip on December 27th, 2024. You will visit the amazing Science Museum. The trip will start at 8：00 a.m. and end at 4：30 p.m. You need to bring lunch. Remember to wear comfortable shoes for walking. Yours， Mr. Smith
Online Classes We have some interesting online classes coming up just for you! Music Class: 5：40 p.m.-6：30 p.m. Monday & Wednesday Coding（编程序） Class: 10：00 a.m.-11：00 a.m. Saturday & Sunday If you are interested in these online classes, please call Ms. White at 824-3584.
1．What do students need to bring to the school hall on December 3rd？
A．Pencils. B．Some paper. C．Lunch.
2．How long will the museum trip be？
A．7.5 hours. B．8 hours. C．8.5 hours.
3．When can students take the online music class？
A．10：00 a.m.-11：00 a.m. on Monday.
B．5：40 p.m.-6：30 p.m. on Wednesday.
C．9：00 a.m.-11：30 a.m. on Saturday.
Passage 2（2024郴州二模）
Steven lost an arm after a traffic accident years ago. On that day, he was knocked down by a car badly. The bones in his left arm were smashed into pieces. “I can’t feel my hand!” Steven shouted when he woke up in the hospital. It was the only way he could think of to stop things from getting worse, though it was no use at all. That was really the hardest time for him.
However, life still went on. Steven spent the next two years in the hospital. At first, he couldn’t even tie his shoes or open a bottle of water by himself. Later on, with the support of his wife, he realized that he had no choice but to face life. He started to take part in all kinds of activities. He even decided to learn to play the violin. Steven knew nothing about playing the violin and had no one to ask for help until he met Lam, a part-time violinist.
Steven became Lam’s first student. He practiced playing the violin with Lam’s help. Sometimes he even played in public. When he played on the street, what people offered was not pity but admiration（敬佩）.
Steven says playing the violin does not make life easier for him, and he still has to face new challenges every day. However, he won’t give up. And he will never stop trying different new things in his life.
4．What does the underlined word “smashed” in Paragraph 1 mean
A．Taken. B．Broken. C．Shaken.
5．Who taught Steven to play the violin
A．Lam. B．Steven himself. C．Steven’s wife.
6．What can we know about Steven from the passage
A．He lost his right arm after a traffic accident.
B．He spent three years in the hospital.
C．He got much admiration from others for his braveness.
7．What does the passage mainly tell us
A．Being brave is important during difficult times.
B．New hobbies make life interesting.
C．Trying new things is scary.
Passage 3（2024长沙明德模拟改编）
Many scientists once believed that physical similarities between identical twins（同卵双胞胎） are genetic. However, their personalities, intelligence, and other differences are the effect of their environment. But scientists are now discovering that the boundaries（界限） between genetics and environment are not so clear after all.
Identical twins Jim Springer and Jim Lewis were raised by different couples. When the two Jims finally met at age 39, they discovered they had a lot in common. Both were 182 cm tall and weighed 82kg. They had the same smile and the same voice. When psychologist（心理学家） Thomas Bouchard Jr. invited the Jim twins to his lab, his coworkers found it very hard to tell them apart.
But the similarities didn’t stop at the physical. They both had a dog named Toy. They both married a woman named Linda. They both enjoyed making things with wood and suffered headaches. They had so much in common that it seemed unlikely these were just coincidences（巧合）.
The Jim twins were just one of 137 sets of separated twins Bouchard and his team tested. They compared the twins’ IQ scores and reached a surprising conclusion—intelligence was mostly connected to genetics rather than to training or education. It seemed the differences in family and environment had little effect.
However, genes can’t control everything, argues Danielle Reed, who also studies twins. Reed’s research shows that, though nothing can truly change our DNA, environmental differences that a child experiences can sometimes affect the way the DNA behaves. This can make even identical twins completely different. “What I like to say is that Mother Nature writes some things in pencil and some things in pen,” he explains. “Things written in pen cannot be changed, but things written in pencil can.”
8．In the past, scientists believed similar personalities between twins are mostly related to ______.
A．genetics B．environment C．DNA
9．What can we learn about the Jim twins
A．They are similar in many ways.
B．They grew up together.
C．It’s easy to tell them apart.
10．Who does the underlined word in Paragraph 4 refer to
A．The Jim twins.
B．137 sets of twins.
C．Bouchard and his team.
11．What can we infer from the last paragraph
A．“Things written in pen” refer to one’s genes.
B．A baby’s behavior is determined by the environment.
C．Environmental factors are essential to one’s growth.
综合模拟二 人与自我
Passage 1（2024益阳三模）
In America, there are chores for children of different ages. American people think it’s important to tell children their duties in the family. Use this list of age chores for your children.
Ages 2-3 ◆Help make the bed. ◆Pick up toys and books. ◆Take laundry（要洗的衣服） to the laundry room. ◆Help feed pets. Ages 4-5 ◆Clear and set the table. ◆Help cook dinner. ◆Put away groceries（食品杂货）.
Ages 6-8 ◆Take care of pets. ◆Take out the rubbish. Ages 9-12 ◆Help wash the car. ◆Learn to wash the dishes. ◆Clean the bathroom.
1．American people think children should do chores in the family because ______.
A．parents are lazy
B．it’s important to let children know their duties in the family
C．children should develop good habits
2．If Bob is 5 years old, he can ______ according to the list.
A．set the table
B．wash the dishes
C．take out the rubbish
3．What’s the passage mainly about
A．Chinese children’s duties in the family.
B．What chores American children of different ages should do.
C．Why children around the world should do chores.
Passage 2（2024娄底二模）
①Dreams may make you smart. This was discovered by scientists who do research on dreams.
②What is a dream exactly Scientists explain that during sleep time your brain reviews your experiences in the day. It tries to connect your new experiences with the old memories. As your brain connect these things, it turns them into a story, and then you get a dream.
③Dreams may help you deal with worries and fears. What has happened during the day may be painful. Whi
