2025届高三英语二轮复习语法填空非谓语动词专题复习导学案（含答案）
文档属性
| 名称 | 2025届高三英语二轮复习语法填空非谓语动词专题复习导学案（含答案） |  | |
| 格式 | docx | ||
| 文件大小 | 29.5KB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 人教版（2019） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2025-02-19 16:06:12 | ||
图片预览
文档简介
语法填空——非谓语动词专题复习
作主语
不定式 特指的、具体某次或未来动作 ：To ignore this would be a mistake.
动名词 泛指的或抽象的行为：Reporting the news is their job.
作表语
不定式 说明主语内容，具体、特定、未来： My job is to promote the new product.
动名词 说明主语内容，一般或习惯：His job is collecting folk songs.
现在分词 说明主语的特征，令人……的：The spy story was thrilling.
过去分词 说明主语的感受或状态，感到……的：He was thrilled at the suggestion.
作宾语
作介词宾语一般用动名词：Daily practice is the trick in learning a foreign language.
含介词的句型：
prevent /stop sb (from) doing sth. 阻止某人做某事
waste/spend... (in) doing sth. 浪费/ 花费……做某事
have some difficulty /trouble (in) doing sth. 做某事有困难
there is no sense (in) doing sth. 做某事是没有意义的
but, except(除……外)后用不定式
He did nothing but watch TV. (不do无to)
I had no choice but to watch TV.
只接不定式的词：want, hope, desire, long, expect, beg, apply, hesitate, refuse, decide, aim, choose, afford, offer, pretend, determine, manage, guarantee, attempt, seek, plan, intend, mean, promise, undertake, agree, fail, prepare, arrange, happen
只接动名词的词：suggest, advise, enjoy, avoid, imagine, admit, practise, escape, allow, permit, consider, miss, understand, finish, dislike, mind, include, risk, forbid, prevent, discuss, appreciate, forgive, pardon, excuse, keep (on), can’t stand, advocate
接to do和doing意义有别：remember, forget, regret, try, mean, stop, go on, can’t help
to是介词的词组：be used to, be accustomed to, be addicted to, be devoted to, be opposed to, be equal to, look forward to, pay attention to, feel up to, get down to, apply oneself to, contribute to, lead to, refer to, adapt to, adjust to, object to, turn to, respond to
作定语
不定式 动作发生在谓语后：I have several letters to write today.
动名词 在名词前说明其用：a washing machine =a machine for washing
现在分词 主动、进行：The boy standing (= who is standing) there is my brother.
过去分词 被动、完成：That is an abandoned car (= a car which was abandoned).
作状语
不定式：
①目的 We learn a language in order to communicate.
②（令人不快之）结果：I hurried to the station, only to find the train had left.
③形容词后She is eager to succeed.
现在分词表主动：
①The sun was striking on the sea, making it shine. (自然结果)
②He sat in the chair, reading a newspaper.(伴随)
过去分词表被动：
The President arrived, followed by his personal bodyguard.
作补语
不定式 主动、全过程、经常：I heard Kate sing the song.
现在分词 主动、正在进行：I heard Kate singing the song just now.
过去分词 被动、完成：I heard the song sung by Kate.
with复合结构
①不定式：不定式：With much homework to do, I can’t go to play football with you.
②现在分词：With time going by, I gradually realize the importance of health.
③过去分词：With all the work done, I can go home.
have +宾语+宾补：
原形：He had me plant a tree there. (命令或安排)
过去分词：
I had my mobile phone repaired. (请人做)
I had my leg broken. (不幸遭遇)
现在分词：She had her audience listening attentively.
另have +宾语+定语：I have an article to write.
连词
现在分词(主动)：Be careful while (you are) crossing the road.
过去分词(被动)：When (he was) asked why he came here, the boy kept silent.
考点考法
不定式
作主语 It took years of work to reduce the industrial pollution …
作宾语 ... but he refused to stop.
作补语 ... he allowed me to stay and watch.
作状语表目的：You don’t have to run fast or for long to see the benefit.
形容词后：... the walls are now cold enough to cool the house…
动名词
作主语 Having tea in the late afternoon provides a bridge ...
作宾语
动词宾语 ... ducking my head to avoid looking directly...
介词宾语 ... still reduce your risk of dying early...
现在分词
作定语 ... arranges quick get aways for people living in Shanghai.
作表语(令人……的) Nick told me a story, which was very interesting.
作伴随状语 People cooked their food, using twigs to remove it.
连词+现在分词 China’s approach to protecting its environment while feeding its citizens offers useful lessons...
过去分词
作定语A study of travelers conducted by the website Trip Advisor...
作表语(感到……的) ... he doesn’t feel challenged.
连词+过去分词 When asked why he came here, the boy kept silent.
部分过去分词作状语时不表示被动，也不表示完成，而表示一种状态。常见的：located (坐落于)， lost(迷路的)， seated(坐着的)， hidden(躲着的)， lost/absorbed/buried in(沉溺于)， dressed in(穿着)， tired of(厌烦的)， faced with(面对着)。
归纳拓展
一、非谓语动词的形式及意义总结
非谓语动词 主动语态 被动语态 意义
不 定 式 一般式 to do to be done 表示的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生或在其后发生
进行式 to be doing 表示的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生
完成式 to have done to have been done 表示的动作发生在句中谓语动词的动作之前
现在分词/动名词 一般式 doing being done 表示的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生或基本上同时发生
完成式 having done having been done 表示的动作先于句中谓语动词的动作发生
过去分词 一般式 done 与句中主语为逻辑上的被动关系，表完成
①Completed in 1931, the Empire State Building, the highest skyscraper until 1954, inspired the imagination of the world.
1931年完工的帝国大厦是1954年之前最高的摩天大楼，它激发了全世界的想象力。
②Having been fired by the company， the man now has difficulties in supporting his family.
被公司解雇了，这位男士现在难以养活他的家庭。
③There are still many problems to be solved before we are ready for a long stay on the moon.
在我们准备在月球上长住之前，还有很多问题仍需要解决。
二、独立成分作状语
有些分词或不定式短语作状语，其形式的选择不受上下文的影响，称作独立成分。常考的有generally/frankly/roughly/strictly speaking， talking of， speaking of， judging from/by， taking everything into consideration， compared to/with， to be frank，to tell(you)the truth， to be honest， to make things worse 等。
Judging from his accent， he is from Hong Kong.
从口音判断，他来自香港。
To tell you the truth， I am a little tired.
说实话，我有点累。
三、独立主格结构
非谓语动词作状语时，它的逻辑主语应和句子主语保持一致。但有时非谓语动词带有自己的逻辑主语，在句子中作状语，我们称之为独立主格结构。
(1)独立主格结构的特点：①独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。②独立主格结构中作逻辑主语的名词或代词与后面的分词或不定式是逻辑上的主动或被动关系。③独立主格结构一般用逗号与句子分开。
(2)独立主格结构的常见构成：①名词/代词＋分词；②名词/代词＋不定式；③with/without＋名词/代词＋分词/不定式。
Weather permitting， we shall play the match tomorrow.
明天如果天气好，我们就进行比赛。
The test finished(＝When the test was finished)，we began our holiday.
考试结束后，我们就开始放假了。
即学即练
1. Music has no obvious adaptive function， (make) scientists who study music wonder what forces originally gave rise to it.
2. Due to the outbreak of the novel corona-virus pneumonia (NCP), people all over the world are wearing masks ______________(reduce) the risk of infection.
3. (locate) in a beautiful and quiet neighborhood，the house is big enough to enable you to have a room of your own.
4. After (spend) some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall， we decided it was time for some action and what better than to ride on a piece of history！
5. We paced around to avoid (get) frostbite (冻伤)as the temperature stayed close to －30° C and our drill batteries became too cold to work.
6. Orange trees are more than decoration； they are a symbol of good fortune and wealth.They make great gifts and you see them many times (decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.
7. The median (中位数的) age of an American in 1950 was 30—today it is 41 and is expected _____________ (increase) to 42 by 2050.
8. It’s a very (worry) picture of risk and urgent need for action.
9. Freud was one of the first scientists (make) serious research of the mind. The mind is the collection of activities (base) in the brain that involve how we act， think， feel and reason.
10. As darkness falls，the best place (witness) the city is on the wall， where one can't help but imagine the distant past.
参考答案
1．答案与解析：making 分析句子结构可知make在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与上文整个句子构成主动关系，故应用现在分词形式作结果状语。
2．答案与解析：to reduce 句意：由于新型冠状病毒肺炎的爆发，世界各地的人们都戴口罩，以降低感染风险。分析句子结构可知，reduce在句中应用非谓语动词形式，此处作目的状语应用不定式。
3．答案与解析：Located 考查非谓语动词。be located in...意为“坐落于……”，为固定短语，在句中作状语。故填Located。
4．答案与解析：spending 考查非谓语动词。空前的After为介词，后应接动词的－ing形式。
5．答案与解析：getting 句意：由于温度保持在－30 °C附近并且我们的钻机电池变得太冷而无法工作，因此我们四处走动以避免冻伤。avoid doing“避免做某事”，用动名词作宾语。
6．答案与解析：decorated 句中them指代前句中的orange trees，且decorate与them之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，应用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填decorated。
7．答案与解析：to increase 此处是be expected to do sth. “被预计做某事”结构，故此处填不定式作主语补足语，填to increase。
8．答案与解析：worrying 考查非谓语动词。修饰后文名词picture，应用动词 ing形式的形容词，作定语。
9．答案与解析：to make based 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空格处应填非谓语动词。由第一个空前的the first可知，应用动词不定式作定语； 第二个空格base与activities之间为被动关系，应用过去分词作定语。
10．答案与解析：to witness 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知此处用作定语，因其所修饰的名词前有最高级修饰，所以应用不定式作定语。
作主语
不定式 特指的、具体某次或未来动作 ：To ignore this would be a mistake.
动名词 泛指的或抽象的行为：Reporting the news is their job.
作表语
不定式 说明主语内容，具体、特定、未来： My job is to promote the new product.
动名词 说明主语内容，一般或习惯：His job is collecting folk songs.
现在分词 说明主语的特征，令人……的：The spy story was thrilling.
过去分词 说明主语的感受或状态，感到……的：He was thrilled at the suggestion.
作宾语
作介词宾语一般用动名词：Daily practice is the trick in learning a foreign language.
含介词的句型：
prevent /stop sb (from) doing sth. 阻止某人做某事
waste/spend... (in) doing sth. 浪费/ 花费……做某事
have some difficulty /trouble (in) doing sth. 做某事有困难
there is no sense (in) doing sth. 做某事是没有意义的
but, except(除……外)后用不定式
He did nothing but watch TV. (不do无to)
I had no choice but to watch TV.
只接不定式的词：want, hope, desire, long, expect, beg, apply, hesitate, refuse, decide, aim, choose, afford, offer, pretend, determine, manage, guarantee, attempt, seek, plan, intend, mean, promise, undertake, agree, fail, prepare, arrange, happen
只接动名词的词：suggest, advise, enjoy, avoid, imagine, admit, practise, escape, allow, permit, consider, miss, understand, finish, dislike, mind, include, risk, forbid, prevent, discuss, appreciate, forgive, pardon, excuse, keep (on), can’t stand, advocate
接to do和doing意义有别：remember, forget, regret, try, mean, stop, go on, can’t help
to是介词的词组：be used to, be accustomed to, be addicted to, be devoted to, be opposed to, be equal to, look forward to, pay attention to, feel up to, get down to, apply oneself to, contribute to, lead to, refer to, adapt to, adjust to, object to, turn to, respond to
作定语
不定式 动作发生在谓语后：I have several letters to write today.
动名词 在名词前说明其用：a washing machine =a machine for washing
现在分词 主动、进行：The boy standing (= who is standing) there is my brother.
过去分词 被动、完成：That is an abandoned car (= a car which was abandoned).
作状语
不定式：
①目的 We learn a language in order to communicate.
②（令人不快之）结果：I hurried to the station, only to find the train had left.
③形容词后She is eager to succeed.
现在分词表主动：
①The sun was striking on the sea, making it shine. (自然结果)
②He sat in the chair, reading a newspaper.(伴随)
过去分词表被动：
The President arrived, followed by his personal bodyguard.
作补语
不定式 主动、全过程、经常：I heard Kate sing the song.
现在分词 主动、正在进行：I heard Kate singing the song just now.
过去分词 被动、完成：I heard the song sung by Kate.
with复合结构
①不定式：不定式：With much homework to do, I can’t go to play football with you.
②现在分词：With time going by, I gradually realize the importance of health.
③过去分词：With all the work done, I can go home.
have +宾语+宾补：
原形：He had me plant a tree there. (命令或安排)
过去分词：
I had my mobile phone repaired. (请人做)
I had my leg broken. (不幸遭遇)
现在分词：She had her audience listening attentively.
另have +宾语+定语：I have an article to write.
连词
现在分词(主动)：Be careful while (you are) crossing the road.
过去分词(被动)：When (he was) asked why he came here, the boy kept silent.
考点考法
不定式
作主语 It took years of work to reduce the industrial pollution …
作宾语 ... but he refused to stop.
作补语 ... he allowed me to stay and watch.
作状语表目的：You don’t have to run fast or for long to see the benefit.
形容词后：... the walls are now cold enough to cool the house…
动名词
作主语 Having tea in the late afternoon provides a bridge ...
作宾语
动词宾语 ... ducking my head to avoid looking directly...
介词宾语 ... still reduce your risk of dying early...
现在分词
作定语 ... arranges quick get aways for people living in Shanghai.
作表语(令人……的) Nick told me a story, which was very interesting.
作伴随状语 People cooked their food, using twigs to remove it.
连词+现在分词 China’s approach to protecting its environment while feeding its citizens offers useful lessons...
过去分词
作定语A study of travelers conducted by the website Trip Advisor...
作表语(感到……的) ... he doesn’t feel challenged.
连词+过去分词 When asked why he came here, the boy kept silent.
部分过去分词作状语时不表示被动，也不表示完成，而表示一种状态。常见的：located (坐落于)， lost(迷路的)， seated(坐着的)， hidden(躲着的)， lost/absorbed/buried in(沉溺于)， dressed in(穿着)， tired of(厌烦的)， faced with(面对着)。
归纳拓展
一、非谓语动词的形式及意义总结
非谓语动词 主动语态 被动语态 意义
不 定 式 一般式 to do to be done 表示的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生或在其后发生
进行式 to be doing 表示的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生
完成式 to have done to have been done 表示的动作发生在句中谓语动词的动作之前
现在分词/动名词 一般式 doing being done 表示的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生或基本上同时发生
完成式 having done having been done 表示的动作先于句中谓语动词的动作发生
过去分词 一般式 done 与句中主语为逻辑上的被动关系，表完成
①Completed in 1931, the Empire State Building, the highest skyscraper until 1954, inspired the imagination of the world.
1931年完工的帝国大厦是1954年之前最高的摩天大楼，它激发了全世界的想象力。
②Having been fired by the company， the man now has difficulties in supporting his family.
被公司解雇了，这位男士现在难以养活他的家庭。
③There are still many problems to be solved before we are ready for a long stay on the moon.
在我们准备在月球上长住之前，还有很多问题仍需要解决。
二、独立成分作状语
有些分词或不定式短语作状语，其形式的选择不受上下文的影响，称作独立成分。常考的有generally/frankly/roughly/strictly speaking， talking of， speaking of， judging from/by， taking everything into consideration， compared to/with， to be frank，to tell(you)the truth， to be honest， to make things worse 等。
Judging from his accent， he is from Hong Kong.
从口音判断，他来自香港。
To tell you the truth， I am a little tired.
说实话，我有点累。
三、独立主格结构
非谓语动词作状语时，它的逻辑主语应和句子主语保持一致。但有时非谓语动词带有自己的逻辑主语，在句子中作状语，我们称之为独立主格结构。
(1)独立主格结构的特点：①独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。②独立主格结构中作逻辑主语的名词或代词与后面的分词或不定式是逻辑上的主动或被动关系。③独立主格结构一般用逗号与句子分开。
(2)独立主格结构的常见构成：①名词/代词＋分词；②名词/代词＋不定式；③with/without＋名词/代词＋分词/不定式。
Weather permitting， we shall play the match tomorrow.
明天如果天气好，我们就进行比赛。
The test finished(＝When the test was finished)，we began our holiday.
考试结束后，我们就开始放假了。
即学即练
1. Music has no obvious adaptive function， (make) scientists who study music wonder what forces originally gave rise to it.
2. Due to the outbreak of the novel corona-virus pneumonia (NCP), people all over the world are wearing masks ______________(reduce) the risk of infection.
3. (locate) in a beautiful and quiet neighborhood，the house is big enough to enable you to have a room of your own.
4. After (spend) some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall， we decided it was time for some action and what better than to ride on a piece of history！
5. We paced around to avoid (get) frostbite (冻伤)as the temperature stayed close to －30° C and our drill batteries became too cold to work.
6. Orange trees are more than decoration； they are a symbol of good fortune and wealth.They make great gifts and you see them many times (decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.
7. The median (中位数的) age of an American in 1950 was 30—today it is 41 and is expected _____________ (increase) to 42 by 2050.
8. It’s a very (worry) picture of risk and urgent need for action.
9. Freud was one of the first scientists (make) serious research of the mind. The mind is the collection of activities (base) in the brain that involve how we act， think， feel and reason.
10. As darkness falls，the best place (witness) the city is on the wall， where one can't help but imagine the distant past.
参考答案
1．答案与解析：making 分析句子结构可知make在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与上文整个句子构成主动关系，故应用现在分词形式作结果状语。
2．答案与解析：to reduce 句意：由于新型冠状病毒肺炎的爆发，世界各地的人们都戴口罩，以降低感染风险。分析句子结构可知，reduce在句中应用非谓语动词形式，此处作目的状语应用不定式。
3．答案与解析：Located 考查非谓语动词。be located in...意为“坐落于……”，为固定短语，在句中作状语。故填Located。
4．答案与解析：spending 考查非谓语动词。空前的After为介词，后应接动词的－ing形式。
5．答案与解析：getting 句意：由于温度保持在－30 °C附近并且我们的钻机电池变得太冷而无法工作，因此我们四处走动以避免冻伤。avoid doing“避免做某事”，用动名词作宾语。
6．答案与解析：decorated 句中them指代前句中的orange trees，且decorate与them之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，应用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填decorated。
7．答案与解析：to increase 此处是be expected to do sth. “被预计做某事”结构，故此处填不定式作主语补足语，填to increase。
8．答案与解析：worrying 考查非谓语动词。修饰后文名词picture，应用动词 ing形式的形容词，作定语。
9．答案与解析：to make based 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空格处应填非谓语动词。由第一个空前的the first可知，应用动词不定式作定语； 第二个空格base与activities之间为被动关系，应用过去分词作定语。
10．答案与解析：to witness 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知此处用作定语，因其所修饰的名词前有最高级修饰，所以应用不定式作定语。