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Unit3 Online tours 语法 现在完成时和一般过去时的区别
精讲精练
八年级下册牛津译林版英语（解析版）
一、构成形式
1.一般过去时：
动词的过去式构成，规则动词通常在词尾加 -ed，如 work - worked；不规则动词则有各自特殊的过去式形式，如 go - went，see - saw。
例句：I played football yesterday.（我昨天踢足球了。）
2.现在完成时：
由 “have/has + 动词的过去分词” 构成。其中，has 用于第三人称单数（he/she/it 等），其他人称用 have。规则动词的过去分词与过去式形式相同，如 work - worked - worked；不规则动词的过去分词需特殊记忆，如 do - did - done ，write - wrote - written。
例句：She has written a letter to her friend.（她已经给她的朋友写了一封信。）
二、时间概念
1.一般过去时：
表示过去某个特定时间发生的动作或存在的状态 ，与现在没有直接联系。常和具体的过去时间状语连用，如 yesterday（昨天）、last week（上周）、three days ago（三天前）、in 2020（在 2020 年）、just now（刚才）等。
例句：He got up at 7:00 yesterday morning.（他昨天早上 7 点起床。）
2.现在完成时：
强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或者表示从过去开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态，常与一些不确定的时间状语连用，如 already（已经）、yet（还，用于否定句和疑问句）、ever（曾经）、never（从不）、so far（到目前为止）、since（自从）、for + 时间段（表示动作持续的时间）等。
例句：I have already finished my homework.（我已经完成了我的家庭作业。）
三、侧重点
1.一般过去时：
单纯叙述过去发生的事情，重点在过去的动作本身。
例句：They visited the museum last month.（他们上个月参观了博物馆，只是陈述上个月参观博物馆这个过去行为。）
2.现在完成时：
重点在于过去的动作和现在的联系，强调现在的情况。
例句：They have visited the museum many times, so they know it very well.（他们参观过这个博物馆很多次，所以他们非常了解它，强调参观多次对现在了解博物馆的影响。）
四、持续性
1.一般过去时：
不强调动作的持续性，只关注过去某一时间点发生的动作。
例句：He left home just now.（他刚刚离开了家。）
2.现在完成时：
可以表示动作从过去开始，一直持续到现在，一般和 for + 一段时间或者 since + 过去的某个时间点连用 。
例句：He has lived here for ten years.（他已经在这里住了十年了。）
一、单项选择题
（1）—______ you ______ the film before —Yes, I ______ it last Saturday.
A. Have; seen; saw B. Did; see; have seen C. Have; seen; have seen D. Did; see; saw
【答案】A
【解析】第一句中 before 是现在完成时的标志词，所以用 Have you seen；第二句中有 last Saturday 这个具体的过去时间状语，用一般过去时 saw。
（2）I ______ this book for two weeks. I have to return it now.
A. borrowed B. have borrowed C. kept D. have kept
【答案】D
【解析】for two weeks 表示一段时间，要用现在完成时，且 borrow 是短暂性动词，不能和一段时间连用，要变成 keep，所以用 have kept。
（3）—Where is Mr. Wang —He ______ to the library. He ______ there five minutes ago.
A. has gone; has gone B. has been; has been C. has gone; went D. has been; went
【答案】C
【解析】has gone to 表示去了某地还没回来；has been to 表示去过某地已经回来。第一句问王先生在哪，说明他去图书馆还没回来，用 has gone；第二句有 five minutes ago，用一般过去时 went。
（4）—______ you ever ______ to Beijing —Yes, I ______ there last year.
A. Have; been; went B. Have; gone; went C. Did; go; have been D. Did; go; went
【答案】A
【解析】ever 是现在完成时的标志词，所以第一空用 Have，been to 表示去过某地，所以第一句是 Have you ever been to Beijing；第二句有 last year，用一般过去时 went。
（5）—When ______ you ______ the bike —Last month.
A. have; bought B. had; bought C. do; buy D. did; buy
【答案】D
【解析】由 Last month 可知是过去的时间，用一般过去时，特殊疑问句借助助动词 did，后面动词用原形 buy。
（6）My father ______ in the factory for five years. But now he works in a school.
A. worked B. has worked C. works D. is working
【答案】A
【解析】根据 But now he works in a school 可知，父亲在工厂工作是过去的事情，和现在没有关系，用一般过去时 worked。
（7）—______ you ______ your homework yet —Yes, I ______ it a moment ago.
A. Did; do; finished B. Have; done; have finished C. Have; done; finished D. Will; do; finish
【答案】C
【解析】yet 是现在完成时的标志词，所以第一句用 Have you done；第二句中有 a moment ago，用一般过去时 finished。
（8）—How long ______ you ______ here —For about two years so far.
A. have; studied B. did; study C. do; study D. will; study
【答案】A
【解析】For about two years so far 表示一段时间，用现在完成时 have studied。
（9）—______ you ______ the football match yesterday —Yes, I did. It was great.
A. Did; see B. Have; seen C. Will; see D. Were; seeing
【答案】A
【解析】yesterday 是一般过去时的标志词，用 Did you see。
（10）—I can't find my pen.______ you ______ it anywhere —Sorry, I haven't.
A. Have; seen B. Did; see C. Will; see D. Do; see
【答案】A
【解析】根据 I can't find my pen 可知强调对现在的影响，用现在完成时 Have you seen。
二、填空题
（1）I ______ (see) the film Titanic last night.
【答案】saw
【解析】last night 是一般过去时的时间状语，see 的过去式是 saw。
（2）My father ______ (work) in this company since 2010.
【答案】has worked
【解析】since 2010 表示从 2010 年持续到现在，用现在完成时 has worked。
（3）—______ you ______ (visit) the museum yet —Yes, I have.
【答案】Have; visited
【解析】yet 是现在完成时的标志词，一般疑问句把 have 提前，后面用过去分词 visited。
（4）She ______ (leave) home two hours ago.
【答案】left
【解析】two hours ago 是一般过去时的时间状语，leave 的过去式是 left。
（5）I ______ (not hear) from my friend for a long time.
【答案】haven't heard
【解析】for a long time 表示一段时间，用现在完成时的否定形式 haven't heard。
（6）He ______ (come) to see me last week.
【答案】came
【解析】last week 是一般过去时的时间状语，come 的过去式是 came。
（7）—How long ______ you ______ (live) here —Since 2005.
【答案】have; lived
【解析】Since 2005 表示从 2005 年持续到现在，用现在完成时 have lived。
（8）The train ______ (arrive) ten minutes ago.
【答案】arrived
【解析】ten minutes ago 是一般过去时的时间状语，arrive 的过去式是 arrived。
（9）I ______ (not see) him since he moved to Shanghai.
【答案】haven't seen
【解析】since 引导的时间状语从句，主句用现在完成时，否定形式 haven't seen。
（10）They ______ (play) basketball when I saw them yesterday.
【答案】were playing
【解析】when 引导的时间状语从句，从句用一般过去时，主句表示过去某个时间正在进行的动作，用过去进行时 were playing。
三、改错题
（1）I have bought the book three days ago.（ ）改为（ ）
【答案】把 have bought 改为 bought
【解析】three days ago 是一般过去时的时间状语，不能与现在完成时连用，要用一般过去时 bought。
（2）He has gone to Beijing last week.（ ）改为（ ）
【答案】把 has gone 改为 went
【解析】last week 是一般过去时的时间状语，用一般过去时 went，has gone to 不能和具体过去时间状语连用。
（3）I have seen him yesterday.（ ）改为（ ）
【答案】把 have seen 改为 saw
【解析】yesterday 是一般过去时的时间状语，用一般过去时 saw，不能用现在完成时。
（4）She has borrowed the book for two weeks.（ ）改为（ ）
【答案】把 has borrowed 改为 has kept
【解析】for two weeks 表示一段时间，borrow 是短暂性动词，不能和一段时间连用，要变成 keep，所以用 has kept。
（5）When have you come back （ ）改为（ ）
【答案】把 have 去掉，改为 When did you come back
【解析】when 引导的特殊疑问句询问过去的动作，用一般过去时，不能用现在完成时，借助助动词 did。
四、完形填空，通读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各小题所给的四个选项中，选出一个最佳答案。
Dear Sue,
I'm happy to be your friend. I'm from China. I'm 13 years old. I'm a 1 in No. 1 Middle School.
I get up 2 six thirty in the morning. I often have bread and milk 3 breakfast. Then I go to school by bike. Our first class begins at eight o'clock. We have four classes in the morning and three in the afternoon. My favorite 4 is English. I think it's 5 and interesting.
After school, I often play basketball with my classmates. I 6 basketball since I was 10 years old. It's my favorite sport. I also like reading books. I 7 a lot of interesting books in the past few months.
What about you 8 do you usually do after school Do you have any hobbies I'm looking forward to 9 from you.
Best wishes!
Li Hua
1.A. teacher B. student C. worker D. doctor
2.A. at B. in C. on D. for
3.A. with B. for C. about D. of
4.A. city B. color C. subject D. sport
5.A. difficult B. boring C. easy D. relaxing
6.A. play B. played C. have played D. will play
7.A. read B. have read C. am reading D. will read
8.A. What B. Where C. When D. How
9.A. hear B. hearing C. hears D. heard
【答案】1. B 2. A 3. B 4. C 5. C 6. C 7. B 8. A 9. B
【解析】
1.根据后文 “in No. 1 Middle School” 以及 “Our first class begins at eight o'clock” 可知，作者是一名学生，所以选 B。
2.在具体的时间点前用介词 at，所以选 A。
3.“have sth for breakfast” 是固定搭配，表示 “吃某物作为早餐”，所以选 B。
4.根据 “English” 可知这里说的是学科，所以选 C。
5.and 连接并列成分，interesting 是积极意义的词，结合语境，选 C “easy”，表示英语简单又有趣 。
6.“since I was 10 years old” 是现在完成时的标志，所以用 have played，选 C。
7.“in the past few months” 在过去几个月里，是现在完成时的时间状语，所以用 have read，选 B。
8.根据 “do you usually do” 可知问的是放学后通常做什么，用 What，选 A。
9.“look forward to doing sth.” 是固定用法，表示期待做某事，所以用 hearing，选 B。
五、阅读理解
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳答案。
Last summer, I went to Beijing with my parents. We went there by train. The train was very fast. We arrived in Beijing in the morning. First, we visited the Great Wall. It was really amazing! We took many photos there. Then we went to the Palace Museum. There were a lot of old things in it. I learned a lot about Chinese history. After that, we went to Tian'anmen Square. It was so large. Many people were flying kites there.
We stayed in Beijing for three days. During these days, we also tasted a lot of delicious food, like Beijing Duck. It was really yummy. We had a great time in Beijing. I hope I can go there again.
1.When did the writer go to Beijing
A. Last winter.
B. Last summer.
C. This winter.
D. This summer.
2.How did they go to Beijing
A. By plane.
B. By bus.
C. By train.
D. By car.
3.Which place did they visit first
A. The Great Wall.
B. The Palace Museum.
C. Tian'anmen Square.
D. The Summer Palace.
4.How long did they stay in Beijing
A. For two days.
B. For three days.
C. For four days.
D. For five days.
5.What did they think of the trip
A. Boring.
B. Terrible.
C. Great.
D. Tiring.
【答案】：
1-5.B C A B C
【解析】：
1.由 “Last summer, I went to Beijing with my parents.” 可知作者是去年夏天去的北京，所以选 B。这里用一般过去时 “went” 明确了动作发生在过去的夏天，强调过去的时间点。
2.从 “We went there by train.” 可知他们是坐火车去的北京，选 C。同样，“went” 体现一般过去时，描述过去的出行方式。
3.根据 “First, we visited the Great Wall.” 可知他们首先参观的是长城，选 A。此句用一般过去时 “visited” 表明参观长城这个过去的行为。
4.由 “We stayed in Beijing for three days.” 可知他们在北京待了三天，选 B。“stayed” 是一般过去时，描述过去在某地停留的时长。
5.从 “We had a great time in Beijing.” 可知他们觉得这次旅行很棒，选 C。“had” 是一般过去时，表达过去的感受，过去在旅行中度过了愉快的时光。/ 让教学更有效 高效备课 | 英语学科
Unit3 Online tours 语法 现在完成时和一般过去时的区别
精讲精练
八年级下册牛津译林版英语（解析版）
一、构成形式
1.一般过去时：
动词的过去式构成，规则动词通常在词尾加 -ed，如 work - worked；不规则动词则有各自特殊的过去式形式，如 go - went，see - saw。
例句：I played football yesterday.（我昨天踢足球了。）
2.现在完成时：
由 “have/has + 动词的过去分词” 构成。其中，has 用于第三人称单数（he/she/it 等），其他人称用 have。规则动词的过去分词与过去式形式相同，如 work - worked - worked；不规则动词的过去分词需特殊记忆，如 do - did - done ，write - wrote - written。
例句：She has written a letter to her friend.（她已经给她的朋友写了一封信。）
二、时间概念
1.一般过去时：
表示过去某个特定时间发生的动作或存在的状态 ，与现在没有直接联系。常和具体的过去时间状语连用，如 yesterday（昨天）、last week（上周）、three days ago（三天前）、in 2020（在 2020 年）、just now（刚才）等。
例句：He got up at 7:00 yesterday morning.（他昨天早上 7 点起床。）
2.现在完成时：
强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或者表示从过去开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态，常与一些不确定的时间状语连用，如 already（已经）、yet（还，用于否定句和疑问句）、ever（曾经）、never（从不）、so far（到目前为止）、since（自从）、for + 时间段（表示动作持续的时间）等。
例句：I have already finished my homework.（我已经完成了我的家庭作业。）
三、侧重点
1.一般过去时：
单纯叙述过去发生的事情，重点在过去的动作本身。
例句：They visited the museum last month.（他们上个月参观了博物馆，只是陈述上个月参观博物馆这个过去行为。）
2.现在完成时：
重点在于过去的动作和现在的联系，强调现在的情况。
例句：They have visited the museum many times, so they know it very well.（他们参观过这个博物馆很多次，所以他们非常了解它，强调参观多次对现在了解博物馆的影响。）
四、持续性
1.一般过去时：
不强调动作的持续性，只关注过去某一时间点发生的动作。
例句：He left home just now.（他刚刚离开了家。）
2.现在完成时：
可以表示动作从过去开始，一直持续到现在，一般和 for + 一段时间或者 since + 过去的某个时间点连用 。
例句：He has lived here for ten years.（他已经在这里住了十年了。）
一、单项选择题
（1）—______ you ______ the film before —Yes, I ______ it last Saturday.
A. Have; seen; saw B. Did; see; have seen C. Have; seen; have seen D. Did; see; saw
（2）I ______ this book for two weeks. I have to return it now.
A. borrowed B. have borrowed C. kept D. have kept
（3）—Where is Mr. Wang —He ______ to the library. He ______ there five minutes ago.
A. has gone; has gone B. has been; has been C. has gone; went D. has been; went
（4）—______ you ever ______ to Beijing —Yes, I ______ there last year.
A. Have; been; went B. Have; gone; went C. Did; go; have been D. Did; go; went
（5）—When ______ you ______ the bike —Last month.
A. have; bought B. had; bought C. do; buy D. did; buy
（6）My father ______ in the factory for five years. But now he works in a school.
A. worked B. has worked C. works D. is working
（7）—______ you ______ your homework yet —Yes, I ______ it a moment ago.
A. Did; do; finished B. Have; done; have finished
C. Have; done; finished D. Will; do; finish
（8）—How long ______ you ______ here —For about two years so far.
A. have; studied B. did; study C. do; study D. will; study
（9）—______ you ______ the football match yesterday —Yes, I did. It was great.
A. Did; see B. Have; seen C. Will; see D. Were; seeing
（10）—I can't find my pen.______ you ______ it anywhere —Sorry, I haven't.
A. Have; seen B. Did; see C. Will; see D. Do; see
二、填空题
（1）I ______ (see) the film Titanic last night.
（2）My father ______ (work) in this company since 2010.
（3）—______ you ______ (visit) the museum yet —Yes, I have.
（4）She ______ (leave) home two hours ago.
（5）I ______ (not hear) from my friend for a long time.
（6）He ______ (come) to see me last week.
（7）—How long ______ you ______ (live) here —Since 2005.
（8）The train ______ (arrive) ten minutes ago.
（9）I ______ (not see) him since he moved to Shanghai.
（10）They ______ (play) basketball when I saw them yesterday.
三、改错题
（1）I have bought the book three days ago.（ ）改为（ ）
（2）He has gone to Beijing last week.（ ）改为（ ）
（3）I have seen him yesterday.（ ）改为（ ）
（4）She has borrowed the book for two weeks.（ ）改为（ ）
（5）When have you come back （ ）改为（ ）
四、完形填空，通读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各小题所给的四个选项中，选出一个最佳答案。
Dear Sue,
I'm happy to be your friend. I'm from China. I'm 13 years old. I'm a 1 in No. 1 Middle School.
I get up 2 six thirty in the morning. I often have bread and milk 3 breakfast. Then I go to school by bike. Our first class begins at eight o'clock. We have four classes in the morning and three in the afternoon. My favorite 4 is English. I think it's 5 and interesting.
After school, I often play basketball with my classmates. I 6 basketball since I was 10 years old. It's my favorite sport. I also like reading books. I 7 a lot of interesting books in the past few months.
What about you 8 do you usually do after school Do you have any hobbies I'm looking forward to 9 from you.
Best wishes!
Li Hua
1.A. teacher B. student C. worker D. doctor
2.A. at B. in C. on D. for
3.A. with B. for C. about D. of
4.A. city B. color C. subject D. sport
5.A. difficult B. boring C. easy D. relaxing
6.A. play B. played C. have played D. will play
7.A. read B. have read C. am reading D. will read
8.A. What B. Where C. When D. How
9.A. hear B. hearing C. hears D. heard
五、阅读理解
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳答案。
Last summer, I went to Beijing with my parents. We went there by train. The train was very fast. We arrived in Beijing in the morning. First, we visited the Great Wall. It was really amazing! We took many photos there. Then we went to the Palace Museum. There were a lot of old things in it. I learned a lot about Chinese history. After that, we went to Tian'anmen Square. It was so large. Many people were flying kites there.
We stayed in Beijing for three days. During these days, we also tasted a lot of delicious food, like Beijing Duck. It was really yummy. We had a great time in Beijing. I hope I can go there again.
1.When did the writer go to Beijing
A. Last winter.
B. Last summer.
C. This winter.
D. This summer.
2.How did they go to Beijing
A. By plane.
B. By bus.
C. By train.
D. By car.
3.Which place did they visit first
A. The Great Wall.
B. The Palace Museum.
C. Tian'anmen Square.
D. The Summer Palace.
4.How long did they stay in Beijing
A. For two days.
B. For three days.
C. For four days.
D. For five days.
5.What did they think of the trip
A. Boring. B. Terrible.
C. Great. D. Tiring.
