语法填空 人教版选择性必修三 题型特训
Unit 2 Healthy Lifestyle
学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________
一、 初阶练手 Passage 1 - 5
二、 进阶练习 Passage 6 -10
三、 高阶提升 Passage 11-15
一、 初阶练手
Passage 1
（23-24高二下·新疆巴音郭楞·阶段练习）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内的单词正确形式。
Although there is much debate nowadays as to 1 makes up a healthy diet, there is increasing 2 (evident) that the real driver of poor health is sugar. Much of this extra sugar 3 (come) from sweets and sweet drinks. The American Heart Association recommends that if you want to be 4 (health), you’d better take less sugar. In addition to this, you can keep healthy by consuming different 5 (category) of fresh foods, which are full 6 vitamins and fibre. 7 (have) some meat, beans, or dairy products in your diet is also important, as they provide the necessary protein for strong bones and muscle growth.
8 (final), a fundamental key to healthy eating is to eat slowly. People 9 chew too quickly end up eating too much food because they still feel hungry. Therefore, you should have a healthy attitude towards food and it is up to you 10 (make) the right decisions about your diet.
Passage 2
（23-24高二下·吉林辽源·阶段练习）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Do you feel a little sleepy after lunch Well, that’s normal. Your body 1 (natural) slows down then. What should you do about it Don’t reach for a coffee! Instead, take a nap - a very short sleep. It’s good 2 (have) a daily nap. You remember things better and become more active. It may even cheer you up.
But there 3 (be) some simple rules you should follow about taking a nap. First, take a nap in the middle of the day, about eight hours after you wake up. Next, 4 20-minute nap is best. 5 you sleep longer, you may fall into a deep sleep. After waking up from a deep sleep, you will feel even 6 (bad). Also, you should set an alarm clock. In that way, you can get fully 7 (relax) during your nap. You won’t have to keep 8 (look) at the clock and you won’t oversleep.
Next time you feel sleepy after lunch, don’t worry. Put your head down, close your 9 (eye) and take a short sleep, 10 will surely do you good.
Passage 3
（23-24高二下·广东江门·阶段练习）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is an ancient health care system in which patients 1 (treat) with natural plant, animal, and mineral remedies (药物). It is believed, for a person to be healthy, 2 yin and yang forces should be in balance. Imbalance causes illness or injury. TCM is about restoring the balance between yin and yang forces in 3 (patient). It has been a major part of traditional Chinese culture and continues to play 4 vital role in medical treatment in China today.
According to the World Health 5 (organize), nearly 80 percent of the world’s population depends for 6 (it) primary health care needs on medicines from plants and animals. This is especially true in countries where traditional Chinese medicines are 7 (wide) used.
Increasingly, however, modern medicines also contain substances 8 animals and plants. Given the growing populations, increasing wealth, and the spreading popularity of natural remedies throughout the world, the demand for these useful medicines and remedies 9 (rise) now. The rising demand, 10 (combine) with reduced habitat, has put a number of plant and animal species used for medicinal purposes at risk for many years.
For instance, TCM uses about 1,000 plant and 36 animal species, including the tiger, rhinoceros (犀牛), and sea horse, which are all in danger.
Passage 4
（23-24高二下·广西·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Hot pot is popular with Chinese, especially in the winter. Some netizens are making 1 (post) suggesting a more scientific index for spiciness in hot pot. The Sichuan Hot Pot Association responded that the suggestion was good and they are preparing a plan.
Yan Long, president of the association, stated that the spiciness of hot pot can indeed be measured, 2 (use) professional measuring tools. Currently, the association is researching a standardized grading system for the spiciness.
Eating spicy food can produce a 3 (vary) of physiological reactions, like a tingling (刺痛) in the tongue and lips, as well as sweating, said David Julius, 4 physiologist at the University of California, San Francisco. “We all enjoy sensory experiences; spicy foods make life more 5 (appeal),” he said. But not all of the potential responses are welcome, even for those 6 enjoy the taste. Spicy food lovers are likely to be familiar with one immediate physical reaction — sweating.
Generally speaking, eating spicy food 7 (proper) is safe for people who don’t have stomach issues. Studies have shown that consuming spicy foods can be associated 8 some health benefits. For example, one study found taking a 9 (day) supplement of chili pepper speeded up metabolism, and that the participants 10 (burn) extra 200 calories per day over a 14-week period.
Passage 5
（2024高二下·湖南娄底·学业考试）Nowadays, many kids enjoy eating junk food, even though it is not good for their health. Many people have started 1 (realize) how serious this issue is. However, junk food 2 (remain) popular because it tastes good. Some 3 (kid) think it is a sign of 4 (free) to choose what they want, while others find junk food convenient, 5 (especial) when they do not have time for a proper meal.
Eating too much junk food can lead to several health problems. This includes obesity and other diseases 6 (cause) by a lack of essential nutrients. The most common problems are weight gain and malnutrition (营养不良). Moreover, unhealthy eating habits can also be 7 waste of money and may lead to serious long-term health problems.
We all know that eating unhealthy food does harm 8 our bodies. In order to maintain good health, 9 is important to eat balanced and healthy meals. Please consider choosing 10 (healthy) food options for a better lifestyle.
二、 进阶练习
Passage 6
（23-24高二下·湖南邵阳·期中）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
I was very 1 (frighten) when I woke up in hospital last Thursday. Then my mum told me what happened. She said I fainted in my PE class 2 the levels of my blood sugar were too low. 3 (fortunate), I was rushed to hospital immediately. The doctor helped me and I made a full recovery within two days. My experience proves what a bad idea 4 is to try to lose weight by 5 (skip) meals. This weight-loss method 6 has serious side effects is too dangerous. I also understand that being healthy and energetic is 7 (important) than being slim.
From now on, I’ll pay more attention 8 my health rather than my weight. I’ll eat a balanced diet 9 (make) sure I have enough nutrition. Regular exercise is also 10 important aspect of a healthy lifestyle. It’ll help me concentrate better in class, So, I’ll play sport with my friends every other day after school. I hope these lifestyle changes can help me get into shape.
Passage 7
（23-24高二下·宁夏银川·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Taking part in physical activities can help keep fit and prevent disease, which has become a consensus (共识) of the Chinese. Most Chinese people tend to see sports as a recreational activity rather 1 a competitive one. It seems to them 2 physical and mental relaxation is more important than competition results.
In general, older people get up early and go to the park 3 (practice), taijiquan (shadow boxing). It is one of the traditional martial arts 4 (favor) by people in China. It’s slow, gentle movements not only increase 5 (physic) health and strength, but also bring greater inner peace and tranquility, 6 (make) it an ideal exercise for people of all ages and physical conditions. Old people and those who 7 (be) not fit for strenuous exercise are especially fond of it.
Now you can see people practicing taijiquan everywhere in China. In 2006, it 8 (include) on the first list of Chinese Intangible Cultural Heritage and became one of the 9 (symbol) of the oriental culture. Taijiquan culture has spread to all parts of the world and has become an important bridge and tie between the cast 10 the west, boosting cultural communication between the two.
Passage 8
（23-24高二下·山东滨州·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
In a classroom filled with eager students, the lecture on exercise and nutrition is in full swing. Meanwhile, on the sports field, students are jogging, and in the cafeteria, teachers guide students on healthy diet. This is not just any ordinary class at Peking University, but a groundbreaking course 1 (title) “Physical Fitness Enhancement: Exercise and Diet,” 2 has become the talk of the town among students as the ultimate “weight loss miracle class.”
Unlike traditional physical education classes, the course aims to teach students how to achieve weight loss goals in 3 scientific and healthy manner. It 4 (run) for two years, and has 5 (true) helped one-third of the students lose over 5 percent of their body weight.
Hou Xiaoyang, who entered Beijing University in 2023 weighing 220 pounds with a BMI of 32, 6 (classify) as obese. After completing the weight loss course for one semester, he managed to shed 33 pounds, 7 (become) the current record holder for weight loss in the class.
The course has received high 8 (recognize) from quite a lot of students, with many describing it as “progressive and systematic”. By integrating a balanced diet and regular exercise 9 their daily routine, students are not only losing weight but also gaining more confidence and adopting 10 (wise) lifestyle choices.
Passage 9
（23-24高二下·山东枣庄·期中）Most British people drink tea every day but they prefer black tea. Black tea is a popular beverage 1 (enjoy) by people all over the world. It is made from the leaves of the camellia sinensis plant (山茶植物), which undergo a process of oxidation (氧化) 2 (give) it its distinct flavor and color. Originating in China, black tea has a rich history 3 dates back thousands of years. It was first discovered 4 the Tang Dynasty and quickly gained 5 (popular) among the Chinese elite. Eventually, it made its way to Europe and became a staple in British tea culture.
Black tea is known for its robust flavor and deep, reddish-brown color. It has 6 strong, malty taste with hints of caramel (焦糖) and a 7 (slight) sweet aftertaste. The flavor can vary 8 (depend) on the region and the specific type of black tea, such as Assam, Darjeeling, or Earl Grey. Besides its delicious taste, black tea also offers numerous health benefits. It is rich in antioxidants, which help protect the body from free radicals (自由基) and reduce the risk of chronic diseases. Also, black tea 9 (believe) to improve heart health, boost metabolism, and enhance mental health.
In conclusion, black tea’s rich history, distinct flavor, and numerous health benefits make 10 a popular choice for tea enthusiasts. So, why not sit back, relax, and try a cup of black tea
Passage 10
（23-24高二下·云南·阶段练习）China’s taijiquan, also known as Tai Chi, 1 (add) to UNESCO’s Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity on Dec 17, 2020. On its website, UNESCO describes taijiquan 2 “a traditional physical practice characterized by relaxed, circular movements 3 work in harmony with breath regulation and the cultivation (培养) of a righteous mind. Influenced by Taoist and Confucian thought and the 4 (theory) of traditional Chinese medicine, Tai Chi has developed into many schools, usually 5 (name) after a clan (宗派) or a master, such as Chen-style and Yang-style.
Chen-style taijiquan has the longest history, and other styles directly or 6 (directly) branched out from it. Chen Bing, one of the inheritors (传承人) of the Chen-style taijiquan 7 (practice) it since he was six years old under the guidance of his uncles. Chen Xiaowang and Chen Xiaoxing, two iconic figures of Chen-style taijiquan in Henan province.
In recent years, public enthusiasm for Tai Chi has grown greatly throughout the world. To popularize taijiquan, Chen has developed 8 simplified version of some of the moves to help people relax at the office 9 held back nothing in imparting (传授) his taijiquan 10 (wise) during all of his online sessions. He has nurtured more than 400 followers, who, in turn, have passed the knowledge on to their students.
三、 高阶提升
Passage 11
（23-24高二下·江苏扬州·期中）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或所给单词的正确形式。
The buzzwords (时髦术语) “brittle college students” have gone viral on the Internet recently among mounting concerns over 1 serious decline in the physical health of Chinese college students. The words refer to the new generation of college students generally 2 (suffer) from many physical problems. “Brittle,” which 3 (apparent) means tender and fragile (脆弱), has been used by netizens jokingly 4 (describe) how easily college students can get injured and sick.
Such comments have caused heated discussions over the declining physical 5 (fit) of contemporary college students, 6 is confirmed by the astonishing record of visits to one hospital in the city of Zhengzhou, north-central Henan Province. 7 shocked researchers was that Zhengzhou Central Hospital received some 1,700 young people aged between 18 and 25 in its emergency department in September alone.
“These young people were mainly diagnosed (诊断) with trauma, abdominal pain, chest tightness, hyperventilation, acute alcoholism, and cholecystitis. Most cases were caused by 8 (regular) daily routine, staying up late and unhealthy diet,” said Cheng Xiaodan, deputy director of the hospital’s emergency department.
Many participants said they had experienced health 9 (issue) such as poor skin condition, lack of sleep, and emotional problems. In fact, the health condition of college students mainly depends on 10 they choose a healthy lifestyle.
Passage 12
（23-24高二下·广东佛山·期中）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Long-term tai chi exercise can be used as a treatment for patients suffering from early-stage Parkinson’s disease(帕金森病), said a research team from Shanghai.
Parkinson’s is 1 progressive and disabling disease of the nervous system, resulting in slowness of movement, uncontrollable arm and leg shakes and muscle inflexibility. 2 is predicted that there 3 (be)nearly 5 million Parkinson’s sufferers in China by 2030. Doctors say patients face problems with current treatments, including some side effects 4 (cause)by long-term medication, and the limited 5 (improve)of patients’ well-being.
In the research, 6 began in 2016, a total of 143 participants trained with coaches twice a week and practiced 7 (regular)at home. Their conditions 8 (compare)with a 187-patient control group. Evaluations of patients in the two groups showed differences in their yearly levels of disease progression, and the patients 9 (practice)tai chi also needed less medical treatment in terms of both drugs and deep-brain stimulus.
Tai chi has been pursued as a treatment for Parkinson’s since 2012 with the specific benefits of long-term practice now 10 (far)clarified by the Shanghai study.
Passage 13
（23-24高二下·海南·期中）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Did you know many adults sit for more than nine hours a day Whether it’s working at a desk, sitting in a car, 1 lying on the sofa watching TV, we have 2 much more sedentary (惯于久坐不动的) lifestyle than our parents and grandparents did. The question that this raises is: what is it doing to our bodies
The news isn’t good. If you live a sedentary lifestyle, you have a 3 (high) chance of being overweight, having diabetes or heart disease, and experiencing depression and anxiety. A study carried out in the 1950s 4 (compare) bus drivers with the conductors, 5 walked around the bus selling tickets. It showed that drivers were twice as likely 6 (have) heart attacks than the more active conductors. In fact, prolonged 7 (sit) has been connected with a number of different conditions. If you sit all day, you burn far fewer calories than someone with a more active job.
One possible answer to this problem is for desk workers 8 (use) standing desks, to spend at least part of a day on their feet. Other experts point out that standing all day can also have negative 9 (impact), such as leg or back pain, recommending that if people do want to use standing desks, they should 10 (gradual) increase the amount of standing time. They also point out that walking is a better choice because it burns far more calories than standing.
Passage 14
（23-24高二下·广东深圳·期中）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Natural Therapy (疗法)
Many books and articles have been published about how to boost happiness. One proved way is by spending more time in nature. In 1 study in Science Advances, there is evidence 2 contacting with nature is associated with many benefits including increases 3 happiness, a sense of well-being, positive social interactions, and a feeling of meaningfulness in life.
Nature therapy, also called ecotherapy (生态疗法), is the practice of being in nature to boost growth and healing, especially mental health. You can do nature therapy anywhere, 4 you live in rural, suburban, or urban areas. As an example, in the foothills of the Snowdonia National Park in the UK, outdoor art-related activities are now held to help those who 5 (suffer) from depression, anxiety and stress over the past few years.
It’s true that for most of us 6 (expose) to the natural world definitely lifts our spirits. But ecotherapy can also include activities or therapies 7 you are formally guided by therapists and trained leaders. It’s 8 Dr Rachel Bragg from the University of Essex calls “psychological restoration”. “Ecotherapy is one tool that you have to use 9 (strengthen) and deepen the work that you’re doing with your clients or your patients.”
Of course, eco-therapy won’t cure everything, 10 it is still an option for therapists to use. And as we become more aware of the causes and effects of mental health, it’s good to know that help may lie outside our towns and cities, and that nature can give us a helping hand.
Passage 15
（23-24高二下·广东深圳·期中）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
My occupation is an 1 (architecture). I had only swum in open water a few times, and always in gentle lakes, so how rough Lake Windermere appeared on a cold day was not 2 I was prepared for. 3 was acknowledged that the water might feel colder than it had been measured, and that the water was a bit rough. But I, along with 10,000 others, was about to face the challenge. The task might sound 4 (ambition). I said to my family members, “At this time tomorrow I will be swimming in the lake.”
Most of the participants were doing a one-mile race, and 10 races were planned over the weekend. The participants ranged from very old people to very young swimmers. The oldest woman competing was 77, taking part in the two-mile race, alongside a man who last year swam in every one-mile race.
It was the third one-mile race of the day that 5 (chose) by me three days before. There were over 600 participants in my race. After being taken through a preparation area, we felt how cold the water was. “Not too bad” was everyone’s thought! Then we headed out towards the middle of the lake.
I stared at the lake for some time, wondering if I could finish the competition smoothly. Though 6 (warn) that the first 100 meters would be really rough, somewhere near the 750m mark I was still waiting for the calm. It felt more like swimming in the sea than a lake. I tried to focus on my breathing and skill, and just constantly made an effort 7 (swim). Hardly had I approached the 400m-to-go mark when my lower right leg became incredibly painful. I began to feel the entire le g tight and exhausted. No matter how terrible I felt, I didn’t want to stop, so I bent my right knee and just kicked with the left leg. The 8 (consume) of my energy was so high.
My finishing time was 38 minutes 25 seconds but that didn’t matter—the atmosphere was absorbing and everyone felt a sense of achievement, whatever their time was. It was my perseverance that contributed to my finishing the race. The success could boost my 9 (confident). I’m attracted and want to give it another go. If possible, I will sign up for my next open-water swim. Now this is an activity I am willing to engage 10 .语法填空 人教版选择性必修三 题型特训
Unit 2 Healthy Lifestyle
学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________
一、 初阶练手 Passage 1 - 5
二、 进阶练习 Passage 6 -10
三、 高阶提升 Passage 11-15
一、 初阶练手
Passage 1
（23-24高二下·新疆巴音郭楞·阶段练习）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内的单词正确形式。
Although there is much debate nowadays as to 1 makes up a healthy diet, there is increasing 2 (evident) that the real driver of poor health is sugar. Much of this extra sugar 3 (come) from sweets and sweet drinks. The American Heart Association recommends that if you want to be 4 (health), you’d better take less sugar. In addition to this, you can keep healthy by consuming different 5 (category) of fresh foods, which are full 6 vitamins and fibre. 7 (have) some meat, beans, or dairy products in your diet is also important, as they provide the necessary protein for strong bones and muscle growth.
8 (final), a fundamental key to healthy eating is to eat slowly. People 9 chew too quickly end up eating too much food because they still feel hungry. Therefore, you should have a healthy attitude towards food and it is up to you 10 (make) the right decisions about your diet.
【答案】
1. what 2. evidence 3. comes 4. healthy 5. categories 6. of 7. Having 8. Finally 9. who/that 10. to make
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了如何健康饮食。少糖，食用新鲜的食物，适当摄入肉类，豆类，奶制品，吃饭时“细嚼慢咽”，这些都是健康饮食的方式。
1. 考查宾语从句引导词。句意：尽管现在关于健康饮食的组成有很多争论，但越来越多的证据表明，健康不佳的真正原因是糖。分析可知，“___1___ makes up a healthy diet”为介词“to”的宾语从句，从句中缺少主语，结合语境可知，主语为“事物”，用连接代词what引导从句。故填what。
2. 考查名词。句意：尽管现在关于健康饮食的组成有很多争论，但越来越多的证据表明，健康不佳的真正原因是糖。分析可知，所填空应是处于there be句型中“there is+形容词+名词”，因此所填应是名词。“evident”，形容词，意为“明显的，显然的”，其名词形式为“evidence(依据，证明)”，不可数名词。故填evidence。
3. 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：这些额外的糖大部分来自糖果和甜饮料。分析可知，所填动词作句子的谓语动词，结合语境用一般现在时。主语“Much of this extra sugar”为第三人称单数，谓语动词用单数。故填comes。
4. 考查形容词。句意：美国心脏协会建议，如果你想保持健康，你最好少吃糖。分析可知，这里应是形容词作表语。“health”，名词，意为“健康”，其形容词形式为“healthy(健康的)”。故填healthy。
5. 考查名词复数。句意：除此之外，你还可以通过食用不同种类的新鲜食物来保持健康，这些食物富含维生素和纤维。分析可知，“different”修饰可数名词复数，因此这里应是名词“category(种类)”的复数形式。故填categories。
6. 考查介词和固定短语。句意：除此之外，你还可以通过食用不同种类的新鲜食物来保持健康，这些食物富含维生素和纤维。分析可知，“be full of”，固定短语，意为“充满，富含”。故填of。
7. 考查动名词。句意：在你的饮食中加入一些肉类、豆类或乳制品也很重要，因为它们为强壮的骨骼和肌肉的生长提供了必要的蛋白质。分析可知，“___7___ (have) some meat, beans, or dairy products in your diet”为句子的主语，用动名词形式，置于句首，首字母大写。故填Having。
8. 考查副词。句意：最后，健康饮食的一个关键是要慢慢吃。分析可知，此处为副词作状语修饰整个句子。“final”，形容词，意为“最后的，最终的”，其副词形式为“finally(最后)”，置于句首，首字母大写。故填Finally。
9. 考查定语从句引导词。句意：咀嚼过快的人最终会吃太多的食物，因为他们仍然感到饥饿。分析可知，“____9____ chew too quickly”为之前名词“People”的定语从句，先行词在从句中作主语，用关系代词who/that引导从句。故填who/that。
10. 考查动词不定式。句意：因此，你应该对食物有一个健康的态度，这取决于你对你的饮食做出正确的决定。分析可知，“be up to sb. to do sth”，固定短语，意为“由某人决定做某事”。故填to make。
Passage 2
（23-24高二下·吉林辽源·阶段练习）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Do you feel a little sleepy after lunch Well, that’s normal. Your body 1 (natural) slows down then. What should you do about it Don’t reach for a coffee! Instead, take a nap - a very short sleep. It’s good 2 (have) a daily nap. You remember things better and become more active. It may even cheer you up.
But there 3 (be) some simple rules you should follow about taking a nap. First, take a nap in the middle of the day, about eight hours after you wake up. Next, 4 20-minute nap is best. 5 you sleep longer, you may fall into a deep sleep. After waking up from a deep sleep, you will feel even 6 (bad). Also, you should set an alarm clock. In that way, you can get fully 7 (relax) during your nap. You won’t have to keep 8 (look) at the clock and you won’t oversleep.
Next time you feel sleepy after lunch, don’t worry. Put your head down, close your 9 (eye) and take a short sleep, 10 will surely do you good.
【答案】
1. naturally 2. to have 3. are 4. a 5. If 6. worse 7. relaxed 8. looking 9. eyes 10. which
【导语】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了小睡的好处和规则。
1. 考查副词。句意：这时你的身体自然会慢下来。副词naturally作状语修饰动词。故填naturally。
2. 考查不定式。句意：每天小睡一下是有益的。It’s good to do sth做某事是有益处的。 故填to have。
3. 考查主谓一致。句意：但是关于小睡，你应该遵循一些简单的规则。主语为some simple rules，be动词为are。故填are。
4. 考查冠词。句意：接下来，小睡20分钟是最好的。泛指一个20分钟的小睡，且20首字母的发音为辅音音素。故填a。
5. 考查从句。句意：如果你睡得久一点，你可能会进入深度睡眠。根据句意可知，本句为if引导的条件状语从句，首字母大写。故填If。
6. 考查比较级。句意：从深度睡眠中醒来后，你会感觉更糟。even修饰比较级worse。且符合句意。故填worse。
7. 考查形容词。句意：这样，你就可以在午睡时得到充分的放松。主语为you，所以用的结尾的形容词relaxed作表语。故填relaxed。
8. 考查动名词。句意：你不必一直看表，也不会睡过头。keep doing sth“一直做某事”。故填looking。
9. 考查名词。句意：低下头，闭上眼睛，小睡一会儿，这对你肯定有好处。指闭上双眼，用复数eyes。故填eyes。
10. 考查定语从句。句意：低下头，闭上眼睛，小睡一会儿，这对你肯定有好处。空处引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面的整个句子做主语，关系代词为which。故填which。
Passage 3
（23-24高二下·广东江门·阶段练习）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is an ancient health care system in which patients 1 (treat) with natural plant, animal, and mineral remedies (药物). It is believed, for a person to be healthy, 2 yin and yang forces should be in balance. Imbalance causes illness or injury. TCM is about restoring the balance between yin and yang forces in 3 (patient). It has been a major part of traditional Chinese culture and continues to play 4 vital role in medical treatment in China today.
According to the World Health 5 (organize), nearly 80 percent of the world’s population depends for 6 (it) primary health care needs on medicines from plants and animals. This is especially true in countries where traditional Chinese medicines are 7 (wide) used.
Increasingly, however, modern medicines also contain substances 8 animals and plants. Given the growing populations, increasing wealth, and the spreading popularity of natural remedies throughout the world, the demand for these useful medicines and remedies 9 (rise) now. The rising demand, 10 (combine) with reduced habitat, has put a number of plant and animal species used for medicinal purposes at risk for many years.
For instance, TCM uses about 1,000 plant and 36 animal species, including the tiger, rhinoceros (犀牛), and sea horse, which are all in danger.
【答案】
1. are treated 2. that 3. patients 4. a 5. Organization 6. its 7. widely 8. from 9. is rising bined
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍传统中医、传统中医的疗法及其对所需用药的动植物的影响。
1. 考查时态语态。句意：传统中医是一种医疗保健系统，是一种患者接受天然植物，动物和矿物质药物的治疗。根据句意可知，设空处在从句中作谓语，此句描述一般事实，故用一般现在时。主语patients与treat是动宾关系，故用被动语态。主语patients是复数。故填are treated。
2. 考查主语从句。句意：人们认为，为了使一个人健康，阴阳力量应该平衡。根据句意及句子结构可知，此处考查固定句型It is believed that...。其中It作形式主语，that引导的从句作真正的主语，引导词that不可以省略。故填that。
3. 考查名词的数。句意：中医是关于恢复病人体内阴阳力量的平衡。patient“病人”为可数名词，前无不定冠词修饰和限定，用复数patients作宾语。故填patients。
4. 考查冠词。句意：它一直是中国传统文化的重要组成部分，并在当今中国的医疗中继续发挥着至关重要的作用。根据句意及句子结构可知，此处考查短语play a vital role in，表示“在……发挥至关重要的作用”。因为vital是以辅音音素开头，故设空处填a。故填a。
5. 考查名词。句意：根据世界卫生组织的数据，世界上近80%的人口依靠植物和动物的药物来满足其初级卫生保健需求。名词organization“组织”符合句意，World Health Organization“世界卫生组织”作介词短语According to宾语，专有名词，首字母大写。故填Organization。
6. 考查代词。句意：根据世界卫生组织的数据，世界上近80%的人口依靠植物和动物的药物来满足其初级卫生保健需求。形容词性物主代词作定语。故填its。
7. 考查副词。句意：在广泛使用传统药物的国家尤其如此。根据句意及句子结构可知，此处用副词widely，表示“广泛地”，作状语，修饰used。故填widely。
8. 考查介词。句意：然而，越来越多的现代药物也含有来自动物和植物的物质。根据句意可知，表示来自，用介词from。故填from。
9. 考查时态及主谓一致。句意：鉴于人口不断增长，财富不断增加，以及自然疗法在世界各地的普及，对这些药物和疗法的需求现在正在上升。根据句子结构可知，此处应填谓语动词。根据句意，此句描述现阶段正持续的状态，故用现在进行时。主语the demand是单数。故填is rising。
10. 考查过去分词。句意：结合栖息地的减少，不断增长的需求导致多年来用于药用目的的植物和动物物种数量惊人地增加。根据句子结构可知，此处填非谓语动词。The rising demand与combine是动宾关系，故用过去分词combined作后置定语。故填combined。
Passage 4
（23-24高二下·广西·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Hot pot is popular with Chinese, especially in the winter. Some netizens are making 1 (post) suggesting a more scientific index for spiciness in hot pot. The Sichuan Hot Pot Association responded that the suggestion was good and they are preparing a plan.
Yan Long, president of the association, stated that the spiciness of hot pot can indeed be measured, 2 (use) professional measuring tools. Currently, the association is researching a standardized grading system for the spiciness.
Eating spicy food can produce a 3 (vary) of physiological reactions, like a tingling (刺痛) in the tongue and lips, as well as sweating, said David Julius, 4 physiologist at the University of California, San Francisco. “We all enjoy sensory experiences; spicy foods make life more 5 (appeal),” he said. But not all of the potential responses are welcome, even for those 6 enjoy the taste. Spicy food lovers are likely to be familiar with one immediate physical reaction — sweating.
Generally speaking, eating spicy food 7 (proper) is safe for people who don’t have stomach issues. Studies have shown that consuming spicy foods can be associated 8 some health benefits. For example, one study found taking a 9 (day) supplement of chili pepper speeded up metabolism, and that the participants 10 (burn) extra 200 calories per day over a 14-week period.
【答案】
1. posts 2. using 3. variety 4. a 5. appealing 6. who 7. properly 8. with 9. daily 10. burned
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。主要介绍一些网友建议火锅统一辣度标准，四川火锅协会回应称他们正在准备相关计划。
1. 考查名词。句意：一些网友发帖建议制定一个更科学的火锅辣度指标。空处需填名词作宾语，post为可数名词，此处表示泛指，且没有冠词限定，需填名词复数形式。故填posts。
2. 考查非谓语动词。句意：协会会长严龙表示，火锅的辣度确实可以用专业的测量工具来测量。空处作方式状语，应用现在分词形式using。故填using。
3. 考查名词。句意：加州大学旧金山分校（University of California, San Francisco）的生理学家大卫·朱利叶斯（David Julius）说，吃辛辣食物会产生各种生理反应，比如舌头和嘴唇发麻，以及出汗。a variety of为固定搭配，意为“各种各样的”。故填variety。
4. 考查冠词。句意：同上。physiologist“生理学家”为可数名词，此处表示“一位生理学家”，为泛指，且physiologist发音以辅音音素开头，需用不定冠词a修饰。故填a。
5. 考查形容词。句意：“我们都喜欢感官体验；辛辣的食物让生活更有吸引力。”他说。“make+宾语+宾语补足语”为固定结构，空处需填形容词appealing，作宾语补足语。故填appealing。
6. 考查定语从句。句意：但并非所有潜在的反应都是受欢迎的，即使对那些喜欢这种味道的人来说也是如此。空处引导定语从句，先行词those，指人，在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词who引导。故填who。
7. 考查副词。句意：一般来说，对于没有胃病的人来说，适当食用辛辣食物是安全的。修饰动词eating需用副词properly，作状语。故填properly。
8. 考查介词。句意：研究表明，食用辛辣食物与一些健康益处有关。be associated with为固定搭配，意为“与……有关”。故填with。
9. 考查形容词。句意：例如，一项研究发现，每天补充辣椒可以加速新陈代谢，参与者在14周的时间里每天额外燃烧200卡路里。修饰名词supplement，需用形容词daily，作定语。故填daily。
10. 考查动词时态。句意：同上。空处作谓语，根据“found”可知，使用一般过去时。故填burned。
Passage 5
（2024高二下·湖南娄底·学业考试）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Nowadays, many kids enjoy eating junk food, even though it is not good for their health. Many people have started 1 (realize) how serious this issue is. However, junk food 2 (remain) popular because it tastes good. Some 3 (kid) think it is a sign of 4 (free) to choose what they want, while others find junk food convenient, 5 (especial) when they do not have time for a proper meal.
Eating too much junk food can lead to several health problems. This includes obesity and other diseases 6 (cause) by a lack of essential nutrients. The most common problems are weight gain and malnutrition (营养不良). Moreover, unhealthy eating habits can also be 7 waste of money and may lead to serious long-term health problems.
We all know that eating unhealthy food does harm 8 our bodies. In order to maintain good health, 9 is important to eat balanced and healthy meals. Please consider choosing 10 (healthy) food options for a better lifestyle.
【答案】
1. to realize/realizing 2. remains 3. kids 4. freedom 5. especially 6. caused 7. a 8. to 9. it 10. healthier
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。这篇文章主要讨论了现在许多孩子喜欢吃垃圾食品的问题。文章建议为了保持健康，重要的是要吃均衡健康的饮食，考虑选择更健康的食品选项，以获得更好的生活方式。
1. 考查非谓语动词。句意：许多人已经开始意识到这个问题有多严重。句中start to do/doing为固定短语，使用不定式或者动名词作宾语。故填to realize或者realizing。
2. 考查动词时态。句意：然而，垃圾食品仍然很受欢迎，因为它味道很好。分析句子，设空处使用动词作谓语。根据句意以及后文的tastes可知，句子表述现在客观事实。故使用一般现在时。故填remains。
3. 考查名词。句意：一些孩子认为这是自由选择他们想要的东西的标志，而另一些孩子则觉得垃圾食品很方便，尤其是当他们没有时间吃正餐的时候。分析句子，设空处使用名词作主语，根据前文的Some可知，此处应该使用名词复数形式。故填kids。
4. 考查名词。句意：同上。分析句子，设空处使用free的名词freedom作宾语，意为“自由”。故填freedom。
5. 考查副词。句意：同上。分析句子，设空处使用副词作状语，意为“尤其地”。故填especially。
6. 考查非谓语动词。句意：这包括肥胖和其他由缺乏必需营养素引起的疾病。分析句子，句中includes为谓语动词。设空处使用非谓语动词。此处diseases与cause之间是被动关系，故使用过去分词作后置定语。故填caused。
7. 考查冠词。句意：此外，不健康的饮食习惯也会浪费金钱，并可能导致严重的长期健康问题。句中a waste of 为固定短语，意为“浪费……”。故填a。
8. 考查介词。句意：我们都知道吃不健康的食物对我们的身体有害。句中do harm to为固定短语，意为“对……有害”。故填to。
9. 考查代词。句意：为了保持身体健康，饮食平衡和健康是很重要的。分析句子，设空处使用代词it作形式主语，真正的主语为后文的不定式结构。故填it。
10. 考查形容词比较级。句意：请考虑选择更健康的食物，以获得更好的生活方式。分析句子，设空处使用形容词作表语，根据句意以及后文的better可知，此处表示“更健康的食物”用healthy的比较级healthier。故填healthier。
二、 进阶练习
Passage 6
（23-24高二下·湖南邵阳·期中）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
I was very 1 (frighten) when I woke up in hospital last Thursday. Then my mum told me what happened. She said I fainted in my PE class 2 the levels of my blood sugar were too low. 3 (fortunate), I was rushed to hospital immediately. The doctor helped me and I made a full recovery within two days. My experience proves what a bad idea 4 is to try to lose weight by 5 (skip) meals. This weight-loss method 6 has serious side effects is too dangerous. I also understand that being healthy and energetic is 7 (important) than being slim.
From now on, I’ll pay more attention 8 my health rather than my weight. I’ll eat a balanced diet 9 (make) sure I have enough nutrition. Regular exercise is also 10 important aspect of a healthy lifestyle. It’ll help me concentrate better in class, So, I’ll play sport with my friends every other day after school. I hope these lifestyle changes can help me get into shape.
【答案】
1. frightened 2. because 3. Fortunately 4. it 5. skipping 6. that/which 7. more important 8. to 9. to make 10. an
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了作者在体育课上因低血糖晕倒并被送往医院的事情，这次经历让作者意识到通过不吃饭减肥的危害，并认识到健康和精力充沛比身材苗条更为重要。因此作者决定改变生活方式，通过均衡饮食和规律锻炼来保持健康。
1. 考查形容词。句意：当我上星期四在医院醒来时，我非常害怕。空处作表语，描述主语I的情绪感受，应用以-ed结尾的形容词frightened，意为“害怕的”。故填frightened。
2. 考查原因状语从句。句意：她说我在体育课上晕倒了，因为我的血糖水平太低。said后省略that的宾语从句中，空处前后是完整的句子，“I fainted in my PE class (我在体育课上晕倒了)”是结果，“the levels of my blood sugar were too low (我的血糖水平太低)”是直接原因，前后是因果关系，应用because“因为”引导原因状语从句。故填because。
3. 考查副词。句意：幸运的是，我被立即送往医院。空处修饰整个句子，结合“I was rushed to hospital immediately”可知，fortunate的副词形式fortunately符合题意，意为“幸运的是”，且空处位于句首，fortunately的首字母需大写。故填Fortunately。
4. 考查形式主语。句意：我的经历证明，通过不吃饭来减肥是一个多么糟糕的主意。proves后省略that的宾语从句中，what a bad idea是句子的表语，此处应用固定句型it is a bad idea to do表示“做某事是个坏主意”，其中it是形式主语，真正的主语是不定式短语。故填it。
5. 考查非谓语动词。句意：我的经历证明，通过不吃饭来减肥是一个多么糟糕的主意。空处作by的宾语，应用skip的动名词形式。故填skipping。
6. 考查定语从句。句意：这种有严重副作用的减肥方法太危险了。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词method，先行词指物，从句中缺少主语，应用关系代词that或which作引导词。故填that/which。
7. 考查形容词比较级。句意：我也明白，健康和精力充沛比苗条更重要。根据“than”可知，此处是作比较，应用important的比较级形式，表示“更重要”。故填more important。
8. 考查介词。句意：从现在起，我会更加注意我的健康，而不是我的体重。固定短语pay attention to表示“关注，重视”。故填to。
9. 考查非谓语动词。句意：我要均衡饮食，确保我有足够的营养。句子主干成分完整，空处作句子的目的状语，表示“为了……”，应用make的不定式形式。故填to make。
10. 考查冠词。句意：有规律的锻炼也是健康生活方式的一个重要方面。空处表示泛指，意为“一个重要方面”，应用不定冠词，且important的发音以元音音素开头，应用an。故填an。
Passage 7
（23-24高二下·宁夏银川·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Taking part in physical activities can help keep fit and prevent disease, which has become a consensus (共识) of the Chinese. Most Chinese people tend to see sports as a recreational activity rather 1 a competitive one. It seems to them 2 physical and mental relaxation is more important than competition results.
In general, older people get up early and go to the park 3 (practice), taijiquan (shadow boxing). It is one of the traditional martial arts 4 (favor) by people in China. It’s slow, gentle movements not only increase 5 (physic) health and strength, but also bring greater inner peace and tranquility, 6 (make) it an ideal exercise for people of all ages and physical conditions. Old people and those who 7 (be) not fit for strenuous exercise are especially fond of it.
Now you can see people practicing taijiquan everywhere in China. In 2006, it 8 (include) on the first list of Chinese Intangible Cultural Heritage and became one of the 9 (symbol) of the oriental culture. Taijiquan culture has spread to all parts of the world and has become an important bridge and tie between the cast 10 the west, boosting cultural communication between the two.
【答案】
1. than 2. that 3. to practice 4. favored 5. physical 6. making 7. are 8. was included 9. symbols 10. and
【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍中国非物质文化遗产——太极拳。
1. 考查固定搭配。句意：大多数中国人倾向于将体育视为一种娱乐活动，而不是一种竞技活动。这里考查rather than表“而不是”，为固定搭配。故填than。
2. 考查连词。句意：在他们看来，身心放松比比赛成绩更重要。这里考查it seems that表“看起来…”，为固定句型，that后引导表语从句。故填that。
3. 考查非谓语。句意：一般来说，老年人早起去公园练习太极拳。这里考查不定式作目的状语。故填to practice。
4. 考查非谓语。句意：它是中国人喜爱的传统武术之一。这里考查非谓语，the traditional martial arts与favor为被动关系，再由句意可知，此空应用过去分词作定语。故填favored。
5. 考查形容词。句意：它缓慢、温和的动作不仅能增强身体健康和力量，还能带来更大的内心平静和安宁，使其成为所有年龄段和身体状况的人的理想运动。此空应填形容词，修饰后面名词health和strength。故填physical。
6. 考查非谓语。句意：它缓慢、温和的动作不仅能增强身体健康和力量，还能带来更大的内心平静和安宁，使其成为所有年龄段和身体状况的人的理想运动。分析句子可知，这里考查非谓语，前面句子和make为主动关系，再由句意可知，这里应用现在分词作状语。故填making。
7. 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：老年人和那些不适合剧烈运动的人特别喜欢它。这里考查谓语动词，who指代上文those，为复数形式，且这里时态应与后面保持一致，用一般现在时。故填are。
8. 考查时态语态。句意：2006年，它被列入中国第一批非物质文化遗产名录，成为东方文化的象征之一。这里考查谓语动词，it( aijiquan)与include为被动关系，再由In 2006可知，这里时态应用一般过去时。故填was included。
9. 考查名词复数。句意：2006年，它被列入中国第一批非物质文化遗产名录，成为东方文化的象征之一。这里考查one of+名词复数形式，为固定用法。故填symbols。
10. 考查连词。句意：太极拳文化已经传播到世界各地，成为演员与西方之间的重要桥梁和纽带，促进了两者之间的文化交流。这里考查between...and表“在...中间”，为固定搭配。故填and。
Passage 8
（23-24高二下·山东滨州·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
In a classroom filled with eager students, the lecture on exercise and nutrition is in full swing. Meanwhile, on the sports field, students are jogging, and in the cafeteria, teachers guide students on healthy diet. This is not just any ordinary class at Peking University, but a groundbreaking course 1 (title) “Physical Fitness Enhancement: Exercise and Diet,” 2 has become the talk of the town among students as the ultimate “weight loss miracle class.”
Unlike traditional physical education classes, the course aims to teach students how to achieve weight loss goals in 3 scientific and healthy manner. It 4 (run) for two years, and has 5 (true) helped one-third of the students lose over 5 percent of their body weight.
Hou Xiaoyang, who entered Beijing University in 2023 weighing 220 pounds with a BMI of 32, 6 (classify) as obese. After completing the weight loss course for one semester, he managed to shed 33 pounds, 7 (become) the current record holder for weight loss in the class.
The course has received high 8 (recognize) from quite a lot of students, with many describing it as “progressive and systematic”. By integrating a balanced diet and regular exercise 9 their daily routine, students are not only losing weight but also gaining more confidence and adopting 10 (wise) lifestyle choices.
【答案】
1. titled 2. which 3. a 4. has run/has been running 5. truly 6. was classified 7. becoming 8. recognition 9. into 10. wiser
【导语】本文的体裁为说明文。文章描述了北京大学开设的一门关于运动与营养的课程，详细说明了课程特点、效果以及学生参与后的积极改变。
1. 考查非谓语动词。句意：这不是北京大学的普通课程，而是一门名为“体能提升：运动与膳食”的开创性课程，已经成为学生们谈论的终极“减肥奇迹课程”。本句系动词为is，此处为非谓语动词，且a groundbreaking course与动词title之间为逻辑上的被动关系，应用过去分词，作后置定语。故填titled。
2. 考查定语从句。句意：同上。本空引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是a groundbreaking course titled “Physical Fitness Enhancement: Exercise and Diet,” ，指物，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。
3. 考查冠词。句意：与传统的体育课程不同，该课程旨在教导学生如何以一种科学和健康的方式达到减肥目标。manner“方式”为可数名词，此处泛指“一种科学和健康的方式”，且scientific以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a。故填a。
4. 考查时态。句意：该课程已经开设了两年，它确实帮助了三分之一的学生减掉了超过5%的体重。根据for two years可知，run“运行”这个动作从过去开始一直持续到现在，并且可能还会继续下去，本空用现在完成进行时has been running，主语It为第三人称单数，助动词用has。故填has been running。
5. 考查副词。句意：该课程已经开设了两年，它确实帮助了三分之一的学生减掉了超过5%的体重。本空用副词truly“真正地”，修饰动词helped，作状语。故填truly。
6. 考查动词语态。句意：2023年入学北京大学时，侯晓阳体重220磅，BMI为32，被归类为肥胖。设空处作谓语，根据in 2023可知，本句描述过去的动作和状态，故时态用一般过去时，且主语Hou Xiaoyang与classify“归类”之间为被动关系，句子用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为第三人称单数，助动词用was。故填was classified。
7. 考查非谓语动词。句意：完成一个学期的减肥课程后，他成功减掉了33磅，成为目前班上减肥记录的保持者。本句谓语为managed，此处为非谓语动词，he与become之间为逻辑上的主动关系，本空用现在分词becoming，作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果。故填becoming。
8. 考查名词。句意：该课程得到了相当多学生的高度认可，许多人认为该课程“有进步性和系统性”。本空用名词recognition“认可”，为不可数名词，作has received的宾语。故填recognition。
9. 考查介词。句意：通过将均衡饮食和规律锻炼融入日常生活中，学生们不仅减轻了体重，还增强了自信，采取了更明智的生活方式选择。本空用介词into，构成短语integrate...into...“将……融入……之中”。故填into。
10. 考查形容词比较级。句意同上。本空用形容词比较级wiser“更明智的”，修饰名词lifestyle choices，与前面的more confidence形成并列，强调减肥课程带来的积极变化。故填wiser。
Passage 9
（23-24高二下·山东枣庄·期中）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Most British people drink tea every day but they prefer black tea. Black tea is a popular beverage 1 (enjoy) by people all over the world. It is made from the leaves of the camellia sinensis plant (山茶植物), which undergo a process of oxidation (氧化) 2 (give) it its distinct flavor and color. Originating in China, black tea has a rich history 3 dates back thousands of years. It was first discovered 4 the Tang Dynasty and quickly gained 5 (popular) among the Chinese elite. Eventually, it made its way to Europe and became a staple in British tea culture.
Black tea is known for its robust flavor and deep, reddish-brown color. It has 6 strong, malty taste with hints of caramel (焦糖) and a 7 (slight) sweet aftertaste. The flavor can vary 8 (depend) on the region and the specific type of black tea, such as Assam, Darjeeling, or Earl Grey. Besides its delicious taste, black tea also offers numerous health benefits. It is rich in antioxidants, which help protect the body from free radicals (自由基) and reduce the risk of chronic diseases. Also, black tea 9 (believe) to improve heart health, boost metabolism, and enhance mental health.
In conclusion, black tea’s rich history, distinct flavor, and numerous health benefits make 10 a popular choice for tea enthusiasts. So, why not sit back, relax, and try a cup of black tea
【答案】
1. enjoyed 2. to give 3. that/which 4. during/in 5. popularity 6. a 7. slightly 8. depending 9. is believed 10. it
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要探讨了红茶的起源、特色、风味变化、以及对健康的益处，并特别强调了红茶在英国茶文化中的重要地位。
1. 考查过去分词。句意：红茶是世界各地人们喜爱的一种流行饮料。由句意及by people可知，enjoy与beverage之间是逻辑上的被动关系，因此用过去分词作后置定语。故填enjoyed。
2. 考查不定式。句意：它是由山茶属植物的叶子制成的，经过氧化过程，赋予了它独特的风味和颜色。此处用不定式作目的状语表目的，即氧化过程的目的是给予红茶独特风味和颜色。故填to give。
3. 考查定语从句。句意：起源于中国，红茶有着数千年的丰富历史。空格后的部分是一个定语从句，修饰先行词history，从句缺少主语，应使用关系代词which或that引导。故填that/which。
4. 考查介词。句意：它最早发现于唐朝，并迅速在中国精英阶层中流行起来。表示“在某个朝代”，应使用介词during或介词in。故填during/in。
5. 考查名词。句意：它最早发现于唐朝，并迅速在中国精英阶层中流行起来。gained后需跟名词作宾语，popular的名词形式为popularity意为“普及，受欢迎”，为不可数名词。故填popularity。
6. 考查冠词。句意：它有一种浓郁的麦芽味，带有焦糖的痕迹，余味略带甜味。这里泛指“一种”强烈、麦芽的味道，strong以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词a。故填a。
7. 考查副词。句意：它有一种浓郁的麦芽味，带有焦糖的痕迹，余味略带甜味。空处修饰形容词sweet，应用副词形式slightly作状语。故填slightly。
8. 考查现在分词。句意：根据地区和红茶的具体类型，如阿萨姆、大吉岭或伯爵茶，风味会有所不同。depend和逻辑主语flavor之间是主谓关系，此处用现在分词depending作状语。故填depending。
9. 考查被动语态。句意：此外，人们认为红茶能改善心脏健康，促进新陈代谢，增强心理健康。black tea与believe之间是被动关系，且陈述的是一般情况，故用一般现在时的被动语态，主语是单数，be动词用is。故填is believed。
10. 考查代词。句意：总之，红茶丰富的历史、独特的风味和众多的健康益处使其成为茶爱好者们的热门选择。make后面缺宾语，结合上下文，这里的宾语应指代前面提到的“black tea”，应用代词it。故填it。
Passage 10
（23-24高二下·云南·阶段练习）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
China’s taijiquan, also known as Tai Chi, 1 (add) to UNESCO’s Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity on Dec 17, 2020. On its website, UNESCO describes taijiquan 2 “a traditional physical practice characterized by relaxed, circular movements 3 work in harmony with breath regulation and the cultivation (培养) of a righteous mind. Influenced by Taoist and Confucian thought and the 4 (theory) of traditional Chinese medicine, Tai Chi has developed into many schools, usually 5 (name) after a clan (宗派) or a master, such as Chen-style and Yang-style.
Chen-style taijiquan has the longest history, and other styles directly or 6 (directly) branched out from it. Chen Bing, one of the inheritors (传承人) of the Chen-style taijiquan 7 (practice) it since he was six years old under the guidance of his uncles. Chen Xiaowang and Chen Xiaoxing, two iconic figures of Chen-style taijiquan in Henan province.
In recent years, public enthusiasm for Tai Chi has grown greatly throughout the world. To popularize taijiquan, Chen has developed 8 simplified version of some of the moves to help people relax at the office 9 held back nothing in imparting (传授) his taijiquan 10 (wise) during all of his online sessions. He has nurtured more than 400 followers, who, in turn, have passed the knowledge on to their students.
【答案】
1. was added 2. as 3. that/which 4. theories 5. named 6. indirectly 7. has been practicing/has practiced 8. a 9. and 10. wisdom
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。主要报道了中国太极拳被列入联合国教科文组织人类非物质文化遗产代表作名录。
1. 考查时态和语态。句意：2020年12月17日，中国太极拳被列入联合国教科文组织人类非物质文化遗产代表作名录。根据时间状语on Dec 17, 2020可知，句子应用一般过去时，add与主语China’s taijiquan之间为被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语China’s taijiquan是单数，be动词应用was。故填was added。
2. 考查介词。句意：联合国教科文组织在其网站上将太极拳描述为“一种传统的体育锻炼，其特点是放松、循环的动作与呼吸调节和正气的培养相协调”。describe sth. as...为固定短语，表示“把某物描绘成……”，符合题意，所以空处应用介词as。故填as。
3. 考查定语从句。句意：联合国教科文组织在其网站上将太极拳描述为“一种传统的体育锻炼，其特点是放松、循环的动作与呼吸调节和正气的培养相协调”。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a traditional physical practice，先行词指物，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词that/which引导从句。故填that/which。
4. 考查名词。句意：在道家、儒家思想和传统中医理论的影响下，太极发展成了许多流派，通常以家族或大师的名字命名，如陈式和杨式。结合语意可知，句子表示传统中医理论，theory表示“理论”，为可数名词，应用名词的复数形式表示泛指，符合题意。故填theories。
5. 考查非谓语动词。句意：在道家、儒家思想和传统中医理论的影响下，太极发展成了许多流派，通常以家族或大师的名字命名，如陈式和杨式。句中已有谓语动词has developed，空处作非谓语动词，name与逻辑主语many schools之间是被动关系，应用过去分词形式named表示被动。故填named。
6. 考查副词。句意：陈式太极拳的历史最为悠久，也有其他直接或间接衍生出来的拳种。结合语意可知，此处表示直接或者间接衍生出的拳种，空处应用副词indirectly，表示“间接地”，与directly并列作状语，符合题意。故填indirectly。
7. 考查时态。句意：陈炳，陈式太极拳手之一，从六岁起就在河南陈式太极的标志性人物陈小旺和陈小星的指导下练习。句中since表示“自从”，引导时间状语从句，从句使用一般过去时，主句应用现在完成时，或者强调practice这一动作在这段时间内是一直正在进行的，使用现在完成进行时，主语Chen Bing是单数，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填has been practicing/has practiced。
8. 考查冠词。句意：为了普及太极拳，陈研发了一些简化版的动作，帮助人们在办公室放松，并在所有的在线课程中毫不犹豫地传授他的太极拳智慧。结合语意可知，此处表示陈炳研发了一些动作的简化版本，空处应用不定冠词表示泛指，simplified是辅音音素开头的单词，前边应用不定冠词a。故填a。
9. 考查连词。句意：为了普及太极拳，陈研发了一些简化版的动作，帮助人们在办公室放松，并在所有的在线课程中毫不犹豫地传授他的太极拳智慧。结合语意可知，has developed与held back之间是并列关系，应用并列连词and连接。故填and。
10. 考查名词。句意：为了普及太极拳，陈研发了一些简化版的动作，帮助人们在办公室放松，并在所有的在线课程中毫不犹豫地传授他的太极拳智慧。空处用于形容词性物主代词his之后，应用名词wisdom，表示“智慧”，作动词imparting的宾语。故填wisdom。
三、 高阶提升
Passage 11
（23-24高二下·江苏扬州·期中）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或所给单词的正确形式。
The buzzwords (时髦术语) “brittle college students” have gone viral on the Internet recently among mounting concerns over 1 serious decline in the physical health of Chinese college students. The words refer to the new generation of college students generally 2 (suffer) from many physical problems. “Brittle,” which 3 (apparent) means tender and fragile (脆弱), has been used by netizens jokingly 4 (describe) how easily college students can get injured and sick.
Such comments have caused heated discussions over the declining physical 5 (fit) of contemporary college students, 6 is confirmed by the astonishing record of visits to one hospital in the city of Zhengzhou, north-central Henan Province. 7 shocked researchers was that Zhengzhou Central Hospital received some 1,700 young people aged between 18 and 25 in its emergency department in September alone.
“These young people were mainly diagnosed (诊断) with trauma, abdominal pain, chest tightness, hyperventilation, acute alcoholism, and cholecystitis. Most cases were caused by 8 (regular) daily routine, staying up late and unhealthy diet,” said Cheng Xiaodan, deputy director of the hospital’s emergency department.
Many participants said they had experienced health 9 (issue) such as poor skin condition, lack of sleep, and emotional problems. In fact, the health condition of college students mainly depends on 10 they choose a healthy lifestyle.
【答案】
1. a 2. suffering 3. apparently 4. to describe 5. fitness 6. which 7. What 8. irregular 9. issues 10. whether
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章通过描述“脆皮大学生”这一时髦术语的流行，揭示了当代大学生身体健康状况严重下滑的问题，并引发了社会对此的广泛关注和热烈讨论。
1. 考查冠词。句意：最近，“脆皮大学生”这一时髦术语在互联网上广为流传，这反映出人们对中国大学生身体健康状况严重下滑的担忧日益加剧。decline为可数名词，此处表示泛指，且serious发音以辅音音素开头，需用不定冠词a修饰。故填a。
2. 考查非谓语动词。句意：这句话的意思是：“这些词指的是新一代大学生，他们普遍遭受着许多身体问题。”空处需填非谓语动词作后置定语，the new generation of college students和suffer为逻辑主谓关系，需用现在分词形式。故填suffering。
3. 考查副词。句意：‘脆皮’，这个词显然意味着娇嫩和脆弱，被网友们戏谑地用来描述大学生是多么容易受伤和生病。修饰动词means需用副词apparently，作状语。故填apparently。
4. 考查非谓语动词。句意同上。空处作目的状语，需用动词不定式。故填to describe。
5. 考查名词。句意：这样的评论引发了关于当代大学生体质下降的热烈讨论，而河南省中北部郑州市某医院惊人的就诊记录也证实了这一点。空处作宾语，需用名词fitness。故填fitness。
6. 考查定语从句。句意同上。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面的句子，在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词which引导。故填which。
7. 考查主语从句。句意：让研究人员震惊的是，仅在9月份，郑州中心医院急诊科就接诊了约1700名年龄在18至25岁之间的年轻人。空处引导主语从句，从句缺少主语，指事物，需用连接代词what引导，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填What。
8. 考查形容词。句意：“大多数病例都是由不规律的日常作息、熬夜和不健康的饮食引起的，”医院急诊科的副主任程小丹（音译）说道。空处需填形容词作定语，根据后文的“staying up late and unhealthy diet”可知，这里表示“不规律的”，所以填“irregular”。故填irregular。
9. 考查名词。句意：许多参与者表示他们曾经历过健康问题，如皮肤状况不佳、睡眠不足和情绪问题。空处需填名词作宾语，结合“such as poor skin condition, lack of sleep, and emotional problems.”可知，使用名词复数形式。故填issues。
10. 考查宾语从句。句意：事实上，大学生的健康状况主要取决于他们是否选择健康的生活方式。空处引导宾语从句作介词on的宾语，从句不缺成分，引导词表示“是否”，需用连接词whether引导。故填whether。
Passage 12
（23-24高二下·广东佛山·期中）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Long-term tai chi exercise can be used as a treatment for patients suffering from early-stage Parkinson’s disease(帕金森病), said a research team from Shanghai.
Parkinson’s is 1 progressive and disabling disease of the nervous system, resulting in slowness of movement, uncontrollable arm and leg shakes and muscle inflexibility. 2 is predicted that there 3 (be)nearly 5 million Parkinson’s sufferers in China by 2030. Doctors say patients face problems with current treatments, including some side effects 4 (cause)by long-term medication, and the limited 5 (improve)of patients’ well-being.
In the research, 6 began in 2016, a total of 143 participants trained with coaches twice a week and practiced 7 (regular)at home. Their conditions 8 (compare)with a 187-patient control group. Evaluations of patients in the two groups showed differences in their yearly levels of disease progression, and the patients 9 (practice)tai chi also needed less medical treatment in terms of both drugs and deep-brain stimulus.
Tai chi has been pursued as a treatment for Parkinson’s since 2012 with the specific benefits of long-term practice now 10 (far)clarified by the Shanghai study.
【答案】
1. a 2. It 3. will be 4. caused 5. improvement 6. which 7. regularly 8. were compared 9. practicing 10. further
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一个来自上海的研究团队的研究结果：长期打太极可以作为治疗早期帕金森病患者的一种治疗方法。
1. 考查冠词。句意：帕金森病是一种逐渐发展的致残性神经系统疾病，导致运动缓慢、手臂和腿部颤抖不受控制以及肌肉僵硬。根据句意，这里需要一个不定冠词来修饰后面的名词disease，表示“一种”，故填a。
2. 考查代词。句意：据预测，到2030年，中国将有近500万帕金森病患者。这里需要一个主语代词来引导后面的从句，it作为形式主语，代替真正的主语从句that there will be nearly 5 million Parkinson's sufferers in China by 2030，故填It。
3. 考查时态。句意：同上。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作谓语，根据时间状语by 2030，这里需要使用一般将来时，故填will be。
4. 考查非谓语动词。句意：医生说，患者面临着当前治疗带来的问题，包括长期用药引起的一些副作用，以及患者健康状况改善有限的问题。空白处在句子中作后置定语，使用非谓语动词，因与其逻辑主语side effects之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，使用过去分词，故填caused。
5. 考查名词。句意：同上。空白处在句子中作宾语使用名词，因该名词为抽象名词，不可数，故填improvement。
6. 考查关系代词。句意：这项研究始于2016年，共有143名参与者每周两次接受教练培训，并在家定期练习。这是一个包含定语从句的复合句，先行词为research，因先行词在定语从句中作主语指物，使用关系代词which引导定语从句，故填which。
7. 考查副词。句意：同上。这里需要一个副词来修饰动词practice，表示“定期地”，故填regularly。
8. 考查被动语态。句意：他们的状况与一个由187名患者组成的对照组进行了比较。空白处在句子中作谓语，因与主语之间为被动关系，使用被动语态，根据句意可知，句子表示的是发生在过去的动作，谓语动词使用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是复数，故填were compared。
9. 考查非谓语动词。句意：练习太极拳的患者在药物治疗和深脑刺激方面需要的医疗治疗更少。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作定语，使用非谓语动词，因与其逻辑主语patients之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，使用现在分词，故填practicing。
10. 考查副词比较级。句意：太极拳自2012年起就被作为一种治疗帕金森病的方法，而上海的研究进一步明确了长期练习的具体好处。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作状语，使用副词，根据上文“Tai chi has been pursued as a treatment for Parkinson’s since 2012 with the specific benefits of long-term practice now(太极拳自2012年起就被作为一种治疗帕金森病的方法，……明确了长期练习的具体好处)”可知此处说的是对太极拳的当前的研究与过去的研究进行比较，应使用副词的比较级，故填further。
Passage 13
（23-24高二下·海南·期中）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Did you know many adults sit for more than nine hours a day Whether it’s working at a desk, sitting in a car, 1 lying on the sofa watching TV, we have 2 much more sedentary (惯于久坐不动的) lifestyle than our parents and grandparents did. The question that this raises is: what is it doing to our bodies
The news isn’t good. If you live a sedentary lifestyle, you have a 3 (high) chance of being overweight, having diabetes or heart disease, and experiencing depression and anxiety. A study carried out in the 1950s 4 (compare) bus drivers with the conductors, 5 walked around the bus selling tickets. It showed that drivers were twice as likely 6 (have) heart attacks than the more active conductors. In fact, prolonged 7 (sit) has been connected with a number of different conditions. If you sit all day, you burn far fewer calories than someone with a more active job.
One possible answer to this problem is for desk workers 8 (use) standing desks, to spend at least part of a day on their feet. Other experts point out that standing all day can also have negative 9 (impact), such as leg or back pain, recommending that if people do want to use standing desks, they should 10 (gradual) increase the amount of standing time. They also point out that walking is a better choice because it burns far more calories than standing.
【答案】
1. or 2. a 3. higher 4. compared 5. who 6. to have 7. sitting 8. to use 9. impacts 10. gradually
【导语】这是一篇关于久坐生活方式对健康影响的说明文。文章通过比较不同职业人群的健康状况，强调了久坐对身体健康的负面影响，并提出了一些改善建议。
1. 考查连词。句意：无论是在办公桌工作，坐在车里，还是躺在沙发上看电视，我们的生活方式比我们的父母和祖父母更加久坐不动。根据句意，句子列出了几种生活方式，坐在桌前，坐在车里还是躺在沙发上，这几个是或的关系。故填or。
2. 考查固定搭配。句意：我们的生活方式比我们的父母和祖父母更加久坐不动。have a...lifestyle是固定搭配，表示拥有...的生活方式。故填a。
3. 考查形容词比较级。句意：如果你过着久坐不动的生活方式，你超重、患糖尿病或心脏病以及经历抑郁和焦虑的可能性更大。have a higher chance of是固定搭配，表示有更大的可能性。故填higher。
4. 考查一般过去时。句意：20世纪50年代进行的一项研究比较了公共汽车司机和售票员的情况。carry out是固定搭配，表示进行，它变成了过去分词充当后置定语，所以compare就需要充当谓语，根据时间状语1950s，应该将其变成一般过去时。故填compared。
5. 考查定语从句。句意：该研究比较了公共汽车司机和售票员的情况，售票员在公共汽车上走动卖票。分析句子结构可知，这是一个定语从句，横线指代售票员，在从句中充当主语。故填who。
6. 考查固定搭配。句意：研究表明，司机患心脏病的可能性是更活跃的售票员的两倍。be likely to是固定搭配，表示有可能，后面跟动词原形。故填to have。
7. 考查动名词。句意：事实上，长时间坐着已被与许多不同的状况联系起来。prolonged sitting是固定搭配，表示长时间坐着，其中sitting是动名词。故填sitting。
8. 考查不定式作表语。句意：一个可能的解决办法是让办公桌工作者使用站立式办公桌，至少花一天中的一部分时间站立。to spend是不定式，充当表语，由此判断横线也应该变成to do的形式。故填to use。
9. 考查名词复数。句意：其他专家指出，整天站立也可能有负面影响，如腿部或背部疼痛。have impacts是固定搭配，表示有影响，其中impact是可数名词，横线前没有冠词，因此此处需要使用复数形式。故填impacts。
10. 考查副词。句意：他们还指出，如果人们确实想使用站立式办公桌，他们应该逐渐增加站立时间。gradual是形容词，意思是逐渐的，横线在句中充当状语修饰动词increase，故需要变成副词。故填gradually。
Passage 14
（23-24高二下·广东深圳·期中）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Natural Therapy (疗法)
Many books and articles have been published about how to boost happiness. One proved way is by spending more time in nature. In 1 study in Science Advances, there is evidence 2 contacting with nature is associated with many benefits including increases 3 happiness, a sense of well-being, positive social interactions, and a feeling of meaningfulness in life.
Nature therapy, also called ecotherapy (生态疗法), is the practice of being in nature to boost growth and healing, especially mental health. You can do nature therapy anywhere, 4 you live in rural, suburban, or urban areas. As an example, in the foothills of the Snowdonia National Park in the UK, outdoor art-related activities are now held to help those who 5 (suffer) from depression, anxiety and stress over the past few years.
It’s true that for most of us 6 (expose) to the natural world definitely lifts our spirits. But ecotherapy can also include activities or therapies 7 you are formally guided by therapists and trained leaders. It’s 8 Dr Rachel Bragg from the University of Essex calls “psychological restoration”. “Ecotherapy is one tool that you have to use 9 (strengthen) and deepen the work that you’re doing with your clients or your patients.”
Of course, eco-therapy won’t cure everything, 10 it is still an option for therapists to use. And as we become more aware of the causes and effects of mental health, it’s good to know that help may lie outside our towns and cities, and that nature can give us a helping hand.
【答案】
1. a 2. that 3. in 4. whether 5. have suffered 6. being exposed 7. where 8. what 9. to strengthen 10. but
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了自然疗法的含义和作用。
1. 考查冠词。句意：在《科学进展》杂志上的一项研究中，有证据表明，与大自然接触有许多好处，包括增加幸福感、幸福感、积极的社会互动和生活意义感。分析句意可知，此处是第一次提到study，所以用不定冠词“泛指”一项研究，study是辅音音素开头。故填a。
2. 考查同位语从句。句意：同上。分析句式结构可知，此处是同位语从句来解释说明evidence的具体内容，且从句中不缺少句子成分，所以用that来引导。故填that。
3. 考查介词。句意：同上。分析句意再根据空格前的increases可知，此处用介词in表示“在……方面”增加。故填in。
4. 考查固定搭配。句意：无论你住在农村、郊区还是城市，你都可以在任何地方进行自然疗法。根据下文的or可知，此处用whether与or搭配表示“无论是……还是……”故填whether。
5. 考查动词时态。句意：例如，在英国斯诺登尼亚国家公园的山脚下，现在举办户外艺术相关活动，以帮助那些在过去几年中遭受抑郁、焦虑和压力的人。根据时间状语over the past few years可知，应用现在完成时，且先行词those是复数，助动词使用have。故填have suffered。
6. 考查动名词。句意：的确，对于我们大多数人来说，接触自然世界绝对能振奋我们的精神。分析句式结构可知，本句中it是形式主语，真正的主语是that从句，且空格处在从句中是主语的位置，所以用动名词作主语，又因为expose与其逻辑主语us之间是被动关系，所以空格处应该用动名词的被动形式。故填being exposed。
7. 考查定语从句。句意：但生态疗法也可以包括由治疗师和训练有素的领导者正式指导的活动或疗法。分析句式结构可知，此处是定语从句，先行词是activities or therapies，可理解为抽象地点，且先行词在从句中作作状语，所以用关系副词where来引导。故填where。
8. 考查表语从句。句意：这就是埃塞克斯大学的瑞秋·布拉格博士所说的“心理恢复”。“生态疗法是一种工具，你必须使用它来加强和深化你与客户或病人的合作。”分析句式结构可知，此处是表语从句，且空格处的引导词在从句中作宾语，所以用what来引导。故填what。
9. 考查动词不定式。句意：同上。分析句式结构可知，此处用动词不定式作宾补，构成固定搭配use sth to do sth表示“用某物来作某事”。故填to strengthen。
10. 考查连词。句意：当然，生态疗法不会治愈一切，但它仍然是治疗师使用的一个选择。分析句意可知，此处上下文之间转折关系，所以使用并列连词but。故填but。
Passage 15
（23-24高二下·广东深圳·期中）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
My occupation is an 1 (architecture). I had only swum in open water a few times, and always in gentle lakes, so how rough Lake Windermere appeared on a cold day was not 2 I was prepared for. 3 was acknowledged that the water might feel colder than it had been measured, and that the water was a bit rough. But I, along with 10,000 others, was about to face the challenge. The task might sound 4 (ambition). I said to my family members, “At this time tomorrow I will be swimming in the lake.”
Most of the participants were doing a one-mile race, and 10 races were planned over the weekend. The participants ranged from very old people to very young swimmers. The oldest woman competing was 77, taking part in the two-mile race, alongside a man who last year swam in every one-mile race.
It was the third one-mile race of the day that 5 (chose) by me three days before. There were over 600 participants in my race. After being taken through a preparation area, we felt how cold the water was. “Not too bad” was everyone’s thought! Then we headed out towards the middle of the lake.
I stared at the lake for some time, wondering if I could finish the competition smoothly. Though 6 (warn) that the first 100 meters would be really rough, somewhere near the 750m mark I was still waiting for the calm. It felt more like swimming in the sea than a lake. I tried to focus on my breathing and skill, and just constantly made an effort 7 (swim). Hardly had I approached the 400m-to-go mark when my lower right leg became incredibly painful. I began to feel the entire le g tight and exhausted. No matter how terrible I felt, I didn’t want to stop, so I bent my right knee and just kicked with the left leg. The 8 (consume) of my energy was so high.
My finishing time was 38 minutes 25 seconds but that didn’t matter—the atmosphere was absorbing and everyone felt a sense of achievement, whatever their time was. It was my perseverance that contributed to my finishing the race. The success could boost my 9 (confident). I’m attracted and want to give it another go. If possible, I will sign up for my next open-water swim. Now this is an activity I am willing to engage 10 .
【答案】
1. architect 2. what 3. It 4. ambitious 5. had been chosen 6. warned 7. to swim 8. consumption 9. confidence 10. in
【导语】本文是记叙文。详细记叙了作者参加公开水域游泳比赛的经历，从报名到准备，再到比赛过程中的挑战和困难，以及最终的完成感和成就感。
1. 考查名词。句意：我的职业是建筑师。空前是不定冠词，所以空处应填名词作表语，根据句意，此处说的是职业，应用名词architect意为“建筑师”符合语境。故填architect。
2. 考查表语从句。句意：我只在开阔水域游过几次泳，而且总是在温和的湖泊里，所以在寒冷的日子里，温德米尔湖显得如此粗糙，这是我没有料到的。分析句子结构可知，空处引导表语从句，从句中缺少宾语，且意义为“……的事物”，用what引导。故填what。
3. 考查代词。句意：大家都承认，水可能比测量出来的要冷，而且水有点粗糙。此处是固定搭配：it was acknowledged that意为“人们普遍认为”，其中it作形式主语，that引导主语从句，位于句首，首字母应大写。故填It。
4. 考查形容词。句意：这项任务可能听起来雄心勃勃。空前是系动词，所以空处应填形容词作表语，ambition的形容词形式是ambitious。故填ambitious。
5. 考查动词时态和语态。句意：这是我三天前选定的当天第三场一英里赛跑。本句是it was+强调部分+that的强调句，chose作主句的谓语，根据空后的by可知，用被动语态，描述的是过去的过去，用过去完成时。故填had been chosen。
6. 考查非谓语动词。句意：虽然有人警告说前100米会很艰难，但在接近750米的地方，我仍然在等待平静。此处是Though引导的状语从句，从句有省略，全句是“Though I was warned that the first 100 meters would be really rough”，当从句的主语，和主句主语相同，且从句谓语中有be动词时，从句的主语和be动词可省略。故填warned。
7. 考查非谓语动词。句意：我试着把注意力集中在呼吸和技巧上，不断地努力游泳。此处是固定搭配：make an effort to do sth.意为“努力做某事”。故填to swim。
8. 考查名词。句意：我的能量消耗是如此之高。空前是定冠词，所以空处应填名词作主语，consume的名词形式是consumption。故填consumption。
9. 考查名词。句意：成功可以增强我的信心。空前是形容词性物主代词，所以空处应填名词作宾语，confident的名词形式是confidence，不可数。故填confidence。
10. 考查介词。句意：现在这是一个我愿意参与的活动。此处是固定搭配：engage in意为“参与”。故填in。
