阅读理解 人教版选择性必修三 题型特训
Unit 3 Environmental Protection
学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________
一、 初阶练手 Passage 1 - 5
二、 进阶练习 Passage 6 -10
三、 高阶提升 Passage 11-15
一、 初阶练手
Passage 1
（23-24高二下·山东菏泽·期末）STINSON BEACH CLEAN-UP PROJECT
Help us keep Stinson Beach clean this summer! Warmer weather and handfuls of holidays bring more people out to the beach which sometimes means more garbage too; join us once per month to clear litter and maintain the beauty there.
When: One Friday a month between May and September. 10: 00 am—1: 00 pm.
Where: Stinson Beach parking lot.
Supplies: We invite volunteers to bring their own reusable supplies! Limit waste by bringing your own bag or bucket and gloves if possible — but don’t worry if you don’t — we’ll have some supplies on site for you to use.
Group entry: Groups of five or more require special arrangements and must be confirmed in advance. Please review the List of Available Projects and fill out the Group Project Request Form.
Age, Skills, What to bring:
Volunteers aged 10 and up are welcome. Read our Youth Policy Guidelines for youth under the age of 15.
Bring your completed Volunteer Agreement Form. Volunteers under 18 must have the parent approval section signed.
We’ll be working rain or shine. Bring layers for changing weather and rain gear (雨具).
Bring a personal water bottle and sunscreen. Wear clothes that can get dirty. Long pants and closed-toe shoes are required.
No experience necessary. Training and tools will be provided. Fulfills community service requirements.
1. What is the aim of the project
A．To attract the tourists. B．To beautify the beach.
C．To provide trip study. D．To conduct a research.
2. What is required for volunteers under 18
A．Fine weather. B．Rich experience.
C．School uniform. D．Parent permission.
3. What does the project provide for volunteers
A．Training. B．Long pants. C．Rain gear. D．Water bottles.
Passage 2
（23-24高二下·福建福州·期末）When it comes to recycling the household waste, people have done it for about two decades. However, there’s still some confusion about what can and what can’t be recycled. With advances in technology, there are more things that can be recycled.
COFFEE PODS (咖啡荚)
On average, Australians are using more than three million coffee pods per day, and about 1.5 million households have coffee machines. While the pods are disastrous for the environment, they can still be recycled. Nespresso has a free post-back programme and drop-off points run by TerraCycle, so you can take the pods and directly drop off at Nespresso stores.
LIGHT BULBS
Rather than throwing light bulbs into the bin, some councils run specific recycling stations, which allow you to drop off these kinds of items. If you do regularly recycle household glass, remember all glass should be washed and have lids removed.
PIZZA BOXES
Normally pizza boxes don’t make it into recycling because they’re covered in grease (油脂) and leftover bits of cheese. When a pizza box is too greasy, it won’t be taken to a recycling processing plant. If possible, remove as much of the leftovers as you can before recycling. If the pizza box can’t be recycled, tear off the lid which can still be recycled.
HOUSEHOLD BATTERIES
Household batteries can also be recycled. Batteries that do end up in landfills can cause a serious problem to the environment as they can release poisonous chemicals into the soil which are harmful to both humans and animals. Button-cell batteries, which are used in hearing aids and watches, can also be recycled.
1. Why does TerraCycle run the free post-back programme and drop-off points
A．To recycle coffee pods easily. B．To offer good coffee for free.
C．To exchange coffee machines. D．To warn people of the harm of coffee.
2. What do people need to do first to recycle pizza boxes
A．Wash them many times. B．Take them to the government.
C．Clear the leftovers as much as possible. D．Return boxes to the pizza shop quickly.
3. In which section of a magazine can we read the text
A．Health. B．Environment. C．Entertainment. D．Culture.
Passage 3
（23-24高二下·广东佛山·阶段练习）Gharials are living along the river banks of India and eat fish. There was a time when they were plentiful but that was many years ago. The population changed from about 10,000 in 1946 to fewer than 250 in 2006, which led to gharials being put in the endangered part on the International Union for Conservation of Nature’s red list.
Gharials were in such a condition due to increased fishing in their living areas — fish were caught in large numbers — gharials sometimes couldn’t find enough food. Gharials were hunted for their skins, for use in traditional medicine and so on. Many lost their living places.
Conservation efforts began in the 1970s when the Indian government started a program that built the National Chambal Sanctuary in 1978. The next year, some gharials were put into the Chambal River. Other rivers, including the Gandaki, were added. The Gandaki River is a good place for the gharials because it has sandbanks and wetlands.
Since 2016, nests have been found every year with help from local farmers and fishermen who then help to protect gharials. “Members of the community were trained by experts to watch and help gharials,” said Samir Kumar Sinha, head of conservation at the Wildlife Trust of India (WTI).
A 2018 survey by the WTI recorded more than 160 gharials in the Gandaki River. The organization also found 20 baby gharials. Now, the gharials are being found in other parts of India and in parts of Nepal. In fact, they are found in the Kosi River in India for the first time in 50 years. They are still endangered but now there is hope that the animals will begin to make a comeback.
1. What happened to gharials according to the first paragraph
A．Their number dropped a lot. B．They lived a much shorter life.
C．They changed their food choice. D．Their living environment was polluted.
2. What does the information in Paragraphs 3 and 4 suggest
A．Gharials lead a life of adventure.
B．Local people work together to protect gharials.
C．People have to take care of gharials because of orders.
D．Gharials were put into different rivers to attract visitors.
3. How is the result of the conservation efforts
A．It is uncertain. B．It is worrying.
C．It is successful. D．It is unsatisfactory.
Passage 4
（23-24高二下·四川遂宁·阶段练习）Here are some books which can inspire kids to think about nature and the environment.How to Raise Monarch Butterflies — By Carol Pasternak
Have you ever watched a monarch transform from a caterpillar to a butterfly from up close In this book, learn everything about the monarch life cycle and how to raise monarchs from eggs to adult butterflies. You will also get to know the efforts involved to protect the species.A Kid’s Guide to America’s Parks — By Erin McHugh
This year, the US National Park Service’s National Park Week is on April 21 — 29. During the week, all the national parks offer free admission. Enrich your knowledge with this book, as it introduces the national parks and some interesting places in the US, including their geography, specific animals as well as environmental challenges. The book’s featured places include Yosemite National Park, Ellis Island (home of the Statue of Liberty) and the National Park of American Samoa, the only U.S. national park south of the equator.Where Do Recyclable Materials Go — By Sabbithry Persad
Tiana had been learning about recycling at school. But when her dog, Bubbles, gets lost running after a recycling truck, she ends up learning a lot more about recyclable materials than ever! Follow Tiana and her family as they search for Bubbles around town and at the Materials Recovery Facility. Along the way, readers will learn a lot about recycling and how they can do their part in protecting the environment.Scrap Kins Build-It Book Volume I — By Brian Yanish
Meet the Scrap Kins. They are creative, friendly monsters who live in a recycling center, known as Scrap City. They’ll show you how to turn junk into pretty cool things. Readers will learn how to create cute bags from old jeans, beautiful ships from milk boxes, and more. Remember that one person’s trash is another person’s treasure!
1. Which author teaches you how to make an artwork from wastes
A．Carol Pasternak. B．Erin McHugh. C．Sabbithry Persad. D．Brian Yanish.
2. Why is the National Park of American Samoa special
A．There is a famous statue in it. B．It is free for admission.
C．It has its specific animals. D．It lies south of the equator.
3. Which book is most probably written in the form of a story
A．How to Raise Monarch Butterflies B．A Kid’s Guide to America’s Parks
C．Where Do Recyclable Materials Go D．Scrap Kins Build-It Book Volume I
Passage 5
（23-24高二下·山东菏泽·阶段练习）Our recommended list of environmental books covers a broad range of topics. These must-read environmental books are sure to spark the interest of the greenest books.
Silent Spring
Written by Rachel Carson, Silent Spring highlights the effects of pesticides (杀虫剂) on the environment, especially DDT, which was a very popular insecticide until it was finally banned in 1972. The book eventually led to a change in the United States’ pesticide policy and contributed to the creation of the Environmental Protection Agency.
No One Is Too Small to Make a Difference.
This book collects 11 speeches made by climate activist Greta Thunberg, highlighting the issue of climate change and its impact on future generations. Greta Thunberg was 15 when she started the School Strike for Climate, also known as Fridays for Future. She inspired protests worldwide.
The Uninhabitable Earth
This book by David Wallace Wells examines the disasters that have already occurred and looks ahead to the year 2100 and what climate change will do if we continue on our current path. Its opening line is incredibly telling: “It is worse, much worse, than you think.”
The End of Nature
Published in 1989, the book describes the relationship between nature and humans. It expresses the idea that nature was previously independent of humans but has now been affected by them in every way. According to author Bill McKibben, the idea of wilderness is lost, and nature is no longer complete.
1. Which book brought the environment to the government’s attention
A．Silent Spring. B．The End of Nature.
C．The Uninhabitable Earth. D．No One Is Too Small to Make a Difference.
2. What feeling does the author display in The Uninhabitable Earth
A．Curiosity. B．Concern. C．Annoyance. D．Disappointment.
3. Which of the following is Bill McKibben’s idea
A．Nature will not exist any longer. B．Wild animals are disappearing fast.
C．Human activities are destroying nature. D．Climate change affects future generations.
二、 进阶练习
Passage 6
（23-24高二下·四川成都·期末）Air pollution is among the biggest threats against humans, which causes seven million early deaths a year. To fight this problem, four friends put their heads together and designed CityTree, which is a mobile structure that can capture as many pollutants as a forest made up of 275 trees. What makes the ‘tree’ special is that it’s not a regular tree at all; it is made up of moss cultures (苔藓培养物) that do a great job of absorption.
“Moss cultures have a much larger surface than any other plant,” Zhengliang Wu, co-founder of Green City Solutions, explained to CNN. “That means we can capture more pollutants.” The entire ‘tree’ sustains itself using solar panels that generate electricity so that it can collect rainwater itself. To monitor the health of the moss, the CityTree has sensors which measure temperature and water quality.
Now, about 20 CityTrees can be found in major cities like Oslo, and Paris. The team also has plans to introduce the CityTree to cities in lower-income countries, which may have worse air pollution.
However, Gary Fuller, an expert on air pollution, thinks that the concept of an urban air purifier might be too ambitious. “Even if you had a perfect air cleaner, getting the surrounding air in contact with it is really hard,” he said. Pollution made by cars, for example, spreads upwards a few kilometers into the air. “Efforts would be better put into stopping the pollution from forming in the first place,” he added.
In response, the CityTree inventors say that they are aware of this and choose the location of each CityTree carefully. They are also testing a system to create their own air flow that draws the pollution to the “tree”.
1. What is paragraph 2 mainly about concerning the CityTree
A．Its appearance. B．Its operating process.
C．How it works. D．How it gets powered.
2. What is Gary Fuller’s attitude to the CityTree
A．Doubtful. B．Intolerant. C．Worried. D．Unclear.
3. What will the CityTree inventors probably do
A．Develop a new type of air cleaner. B．Make improvements to the structure.
C．Redirect efforts to make greener cars. D．Expand their business in rich countries.
4. Which of the following is the best title for this text
A．Global Efforts in Planting Trees B．The Alarming Trend of Air Pollution
C．A Structure that Will Change the World D．The ‘Tree’ with the Green Benefits of a Forest
Passage 7
（23-24高二下·山东东营·期末）One afternoon, as we approached a mine from the air, a crew of panicked miners went running into the forest. As I followed their progress, something caught my eye: two macaws, flying away like crazy. After we landed, I found macaw feathers, yellow and blue, hanging on a string from a pole in the camp. Cabral shook his head and said that the miners must have hunted and eaten the bird, “The animals Die a silent death,” he said mournfully. For a public servant, Cabral is unusually outspoken — at least on Instagram, where his account is devoted to strongly criticizing animal cruelty.
At the camp, Finger told Cabral that he had found signs of an active site deeper in the forest. We followed him,moving silently along a path through the woods. As we advanced, we could hear a dog barking. There in a clearing was a wooden hut, abandoned except for a black dog, yowling miserably. Then we heard a strange noise from a box next to the hut. Cabral lifted a plastic cover, revealing a mass of puppies, just a few days old. He picked up a couple and held them, then walked to a shelf where the miners had been drying wildlife meat. He threw a piece to the mother dog, which began wolfing it.
Early in his career, Cabral acquired the nickname Rambo, but it seemed mostly like a joke. He had taken up armed patrols (巡逻) only in service of wildlife conservation,his lifelong passion. He came from Juiz de Fora, a city in Brazil’s central part, and spent his childhood immersed in nature, watching wildlife programs and reading about animals.
“This is all I ever wanted to do,” he told me. He earned a degree in biology and another in ecology, then joined IBAMA, a branch of the environment ministry that protects threatened ecosystems. In 2013, Cabral secured approval to build a unit of rangers (护林员) who were committed to saving the environment, by force if necessary.
1. Why did the miners get so panicked that they ran into the forest
A．Because they mined illegally.
B．Because they mistook “us” as invaders.
C．Because they killed animals cruelly.
D．Because they camped without permission.
2. What was Cabral’s career
A．Fighting against evils like Rambo.
B．Protecting wildlife, by force if necessary.
C．Volunteering in service of wildlife conservation.
D．Filming wildlife programs in nature.
3. What do we know about IMAMA
A．It centered on wildlife protection.
B．It originally built a unit of armed rangers.
C．It was co-founded by Cabral.
D．It worked as branch of a non-profit organization.
4. Which can best describe Cabral
A．Passionate and devoted. B．Smart and straightforward.
C．Cooperative and courageous. D．Intelligent and knowledgeable.
Passage 8
（23-24高二下·甘肃兰州·期中）Once the stuff of sci-fi fantasy, robots and robotic technology are now used in many aspects of daily life, ranging from manufacturing to medicine and everything in between. While humanity is still far from having robot servants at home, robots are commonly used on production lines in factories, and even for specific movements during operation.
Recently, one Estonian company decided to repurpose (改变……的用途) its technology for a reason that’s beneficial for the environment. Robot manufacturer Milrem, which previously produced autonomous tanks, partnered with the University of Tartu to develop robot foresters that can plant and care for trees.
The decision to create autonomous foresters came after Milrem realized that its technology, which had been developed for military use , could be useful in other areas. “We started looking into what else we could do with these unmanned robots”, Mart Noorma, director at Milrem, told Research Estonia. “Together with our partners at universities and public offices, we realized that we could be helpful in automating many industries.”
The robots, which resemble mini tanks , operate in pairs. One robot works as a planter , putting down as many as 380 young trees in as little as six hours. During the planting stage, the robot records the exact location of each young tree. The other robot follows its path, cutting vegetation and cutting brush, so that the newly planted trees can thrive.
To navigate their surroundings, the robots use LiDAR and GPS systems. LiDAR uses laser technology to create a three-dimensional geometric map of the environment. Interesting Engineering reported that the robots also use high resolution camera systems to fill in the gaps around obstacles (障碍) and ensure the map’s accuracy.
The efficiency and speed of these tree-planting robots give them the high potential to help reverse (逆转) deforestation, a critical issue affecting the planet.
1. Why did Milrem decide to repurpose its technology
A．To make more money. B．To help in medicine.
C．To create a big brand. D．To protect the environment.
2. How many young trees can a robot plant in an hour
A．About 50. B．About 63.
C．About 190. D．About 380.
3. What can we infer from the fifth paragraphs
A．LiDAR makes it easier to identify the trees.
B．The robots will improve the environment around the plants.
C．The map’s accuracy results from high resolution camera systems.
D．The tree planting robots are bound to be widely used soon.
4. What may be the author’s attitude towards robot foresters
A．Supportive. B．Doubtful.
C．Unclear. D．Disapproving.
Passage 9
（23-24高二下·湖南·阶段练习）With a pair of glasses and mild manner, Siew Te Wong could be described as a Malaysian Clark Kent (a fictional character in Superman). This wildlife biologist is a Superman of sorts — a tireless defender of the world’s smallest bear species: the sun bear.
“I often call the sun bear a forgotten species,” Wong said. “When I first started, 20 years ago, no one had ever studied sun bears. Most people did not know that they even existed,” As he studied the animal and realized the threats it faced from deforestation and illegal hunting, he knew the bears were in serious trouble. “The more I learn about them, the more I care. The more I care, the more I worry,” he said. “I have to help them.” Today, Wong’s nonprofit, the Bornean Sun Bear Conservation Center, is the only sun bear sanctuary (保护区) in the world.
Sun bears are found in the rainforests of South Asia, and the small bears play a big role in keeping these woodlands healthy. Many plants and animals depend on them to spread seeds, create nesting sites and control the termite (白蚁) population. Healthy rainforests provide clean air and water to the entire world.
But the sun bear population has decreased by 30% during the last three decades. In 2007, the bear was officially classified as vulnerable (易危的) to extinction by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature.
Currently, 44 sun bears live at Wong’s center. All of them were orphaned by illegal hunting or rescued from captivity (囚禁). The center has also become one of the leading tourist destinations in the area. “They can see how special the sun bear is and learn about how their survival is important to ours,” Wong said, “so they can take some action when they go back home.”
For Wong, this work is simply his responsibility. “Sun bears have become part of my family. When they’re endangered, I care for them. When they are in trouble, I speak for them,” he said. “I want to be the voice for the sun bear, to fight for the sun bear, to ensure the survival of the sun bear. But my goal is to save the entire forest ecosystem and that is so important to the survival of mankind. I want bears to live in the forest and not in captivity.”
1. When Wong first started to study sun bears, ______.
A．they were paid little attention
B．they were a great threat to mankind
C．they were well protected by the local people
D．they were officially classified as rare animals
2. What is Paragraph 3 mainly about
A．The importance of healthy rainforests.
B．An introduction to the rainforests of South Asia.
C．A dependent living situation of all species in rainforests.
D．The role sun bears play in keeping a balanced ecosystem.
3. Why does Wong make his sun bear center a tourist destination
A．To finance this center. B．To protect species diversity.
C．To recognize the value of the center. D．To raise awareness about sun bears’ situation.
4. What is the text mainly about
A．How to turn a sun bear center into a tourist destination.
B．An introduction to a great defender of the sun bear.
C．A call for stopping the sun bear hunt.
D．What we can do to save the sun bear.
Passage 10
（23-24高二下·广东惠州·期中）The food we eat every day keeps us alive, but it can also increase health and environmental costs-heart disease, carbon emissions, and more. For years, health researchers focused on their priorities while environmental scientists were on theirs. And it became increasingly obvious that what we eat is closely connected with planet’s health.
So the researchers of a recent study at the University of Michigan built a system that combined both concerns, looking at health and environmental impacts of specific foods.
The researchers looked at the nutritional makeup of nearly 6000 foods. A hot dog would probably cost someone about 35 minutes of living; but eating most fruits might help someone gain a few extra minutes. In the calculations, apple pie is just about neutral — some boost from the apples, some losses from butter, flour, and sugar.
At the same time, the researchers evaluated the environmental effects of those thousands of food items. They studied different ways the environment absorbed food production’s impact as well.
When researchers looked at both issues at once, an exciting pattern emerged. Many foods good for people’s health were also relatively gentle on the environment. Not surprisingly, beans, vegetables-not those grown in greenhouses, though-and some sustainably farmed seafood like catfish fell in what they termed the “green” zone. “Amber” zone foods, like milk, egg-based foods and greenhouse-grown vegetables balanced health and environmental costs. “Red” zone foods, which included beef, pork, lamb and processed meats, had high health and environmental costs.
There’s no replacement for food, but shifting what we eat is possible. Food choices are personal, deeply connected to culture, religion, emotion, economic concerns, and so much more. “We aim to inform people so that they can make choices that fit with their needs and values.” says Olivier Jolliet one of the researchers. “We don’t all have to adopt a vegetarian diet overnight.” he says. “Small changes can make big impacts.”
1. What do we know about the recent study
A．More is known about the nutritional makeup of foods.
B．Most foods are beneficial to both health and the planet.
C．Healthy foods tend to be harmless to the environment.
D．Research has been done on environmental impacts of foods.
2. What does the underlined word “neutral” in paragraph 3 probably mean
A．balanced B．wasteful C．gentle D．consuming
3. Which of the following has the lowest health and environmental cost
A．Milk. B．A hot dog. C．Apple pie. D．Beans.
4. What does Olivier Jolliet think of shifts in food choices
A．They can make a great difference.
B．They meet people’s needs for food.
C．They are not suitable for everybody.
D．They are of great value to researchers.
三、 高阶提升
Passage 11
（23-24高二下·北京西城·期末）With its 1.2 million LED lights shining brightly against the Las Vegas night, the Las Vegas Sphere may well be the ultimate symbol of 2020s overuse. But that gigantic entertainment space is also something else: a symbol of the coming conflict between our climate goals and our seemingly insatiable (永不满足) appetite for stuff.
In the 1990s, multicolor LED lights were invented to prevent climate disasters by greatly reducing the amount of electricity we use. After all, LED lights use 90 percent less energy and last around 18 times longer than incandescent bulbs (白炽灯). Yet the amount of electricity we consume for light globally is roughly the same today as it was in 2010. That’s partly because of population and economic growth in the developing world. But another big reason is that as technology has advanced, we’ve only grown more wasteful.
There’s an economic term for this: the Jevons Paradox, named for the 19th-century English economist William Stanley Jevons, who noticed that as steam engines became ever more efficient, Britain’s appetite for coal increased rather than decreased. The logic of Jevons is that instead of banking the efficiency savings we make as technology advances, we go out and spend it.
Today, you can see examples of the Paradox everywhere. When residents in England installed home insulation, their overall heating energy demand soon rebounded, ending up at about the same level as it was before: The residents had apparently chosen to turn up their thermostats (温控器) and live in warmer homes.
The good news is that in some cases the efficiency gains are so great that even our insatiable appetite for new stuff cannot completely negate them. Today’s car engines require less fuel, even though Americans on average now drive longer distances in heavier cars. However, the bad news is that the Jevons Paradox seems to be hard-wired into us. There are few examples throughout history of people willingly consuming less energy, either for moral or environmental reasons.
For some, the solution is obvious: Governments must do more to limit our energy use, perhaps through regulations or taxes. A global carbon tax would help — though the chances of establishing one remain slim. A more innovative answer comes from Rob West, founder and chief executive of Thunder Said Energy. Having spent years documenting the Jevons Paradox and finding it far more widespread than economists predicted, he thinks the best hope we have is to fight Jevons with Jevons. That means applying the idea that consumption increases as goods become cheaper and more efficient to our production of energy. In other words, the future lies not in rationing (定量供应) energy and hoping humans suddenly change their behavior, but in ensuring any energy we use is as green and attractive as possible.
1. Why does the author mention the Las Vegas Sphere
A．To highlight a space. B．To predict an ending.
C．To provide a solution. D．To express a concern.
2. What does the underlined word “negate” in Paragraph 5 most probably mean
A．Put off. B．Break down. C．Push up. D．Wipe out.
3. What can we learn from the passage
A．The Jevons Paradox requires more examples.
B．Environmental awareness is hard-wired in humans.
C．Energy consumption grows as technology advances.
D．Efficiency gains guarantee the realization of climate goals.
4. Which of the following statements would Rob West most probably agree with
A．The solution is always to further energy efficiency.
B．A global carbon tax has aided in limiting energy use.
C．Humans are eager to change their consumption behavior.
D．Economists have overestimated the effect of the Jevons Paradox.
Passage 12
（23-24高二下·山东青岛·期末）Researchers from The University of Queensland (UQ) have helped design a new app to protect birds at risk of extinction across the world by eliminating (消除) language barriers among scientists. The Bird Language Diversity web app will help provide a “birds eye view”, ensuring vital information is shared to improve worldwide conservation.
Dr Pablo Negret said the research team analyzed more than 10,000 bird species, and found that 1,587 species have 10 languages or more spoken within their distributions, “Scientific information on species can be spread across different languages, but valuable information can go missing or get lost in translation,” Dr Negret said. “Without enough sharing of information, this can affect the effectiveness of conservation measures.”
Take the common bird Pochard for example. It is classified as vulnerable species (易危种) and crosses 108 countries in Europe, Asia and north Africa, where a total of 75 official languages are spoken. The survival of the common Pochard, and so many other species, depends on effective cooperation and policy agreements among people with diverse linguistic and cultural backgrounds.
This app reveals where threatened and migratory birds exist geographically, in relation to the human language spoken in those regions. “We hope the app will encourage researchers and conservation organizations to interact with their peers in other regions, especially if they speak different languages, and be a starting point to allow everyone to work together to protect threatened species,” Dr Negret said.
Dr Tatsuya Amano, a researcher and the co-author of the paper, said this work could extend further than bird species. “Any species, whether they're mammals, amphibians (两栖动物), or plants, with a range crossing multiple countries will be impacted by language barriers, as well as species that migrate across different countries, such as marine species and butterflies,” he said. “the impact of poor communication on such an important issue is evident, and it is the reason why we're working hard to improve science communication across languages.”
1. For what purpose is the app developed
A．To improve worldwide conservation B．To educate people about bird species.
C．To collect more bird information. D．To promote the bird diversity worldwide.
2. Why is bird Pochard mentioned in the text
A．To present valuable information collected about the bird.
B．To highlight the clear communication in its conservation
C．To attract people with various linguistic and cultural backgrounds.
D．To show the achievements of the scientists from different countries.
3. What is shown on the app
A．The producer of the app. B．The organizations involved.
C．The information of new geographers. D．The location of endangered birds.
4. What can be the best title for the text
A．Birds Protection Is an Urgency B．A New Bird App Helps Learn Languages
C．A New Bird App Spreads Its Wings D．Poor Communication Impacts Cooperation
Passage 13
（23-24高二下·浙江湖州·期末）A report by World Wildlife Fund (WWF) is calling for urgent efforts to strengthen regulation of the seafood sector, fearing that the love for seafood is killing off dozens of species that rely on it for food.
Kate Norgrove, Executive Director of Advocacy and Campaigns at WWF-UK, said: “The ocean is the blue heart of our planet and we ignore its health at our peril. Protecting this precious resource should be the top priority of every single fishery around the world.”
The report, titled “Risky Seafood Business”, has quantified (确定……的数量) the total volume of seafood eaten by Britons for the first time. It claims that in 2019, 887,000 tonnes of seafood was eaten by people in the UK — the equivalent (等量物) of 5.2 billion portions of fish and chips. Whitefish, including haddock and cod, accounted for almost a third of the fish consumed. The vast majority of this seafood was fished or farmed outside of UK waters.
The report looked at the supply chains of 33 popular seafood items, including haddock, trout, and mussels. Some of these species were found to be relatively low risk in terms of production and consumption. However, others — including swordfish, tuna, and some crab species — were assessed as a high risk across multiple areas, including climate and ecosystem impacts. Across all species groups, more than 250 Endangered, Threatened and Protected (ETP) species have been directly impacted by fisheries supplying UK markets, according to the report. This includes whales, dolphins, seabirds, and sharks.
Based on the findings, WWF is calling for a “concerted and collaborative effort” to address these issues and to ensure all of the seafood produced and consumed in the UK comes from sustainable sources by 2030.
If you’re trying to be more sustainable, the Marine Conservation Society suggests there are several simple seafood swaps (替换物) you can make. This includes having mackerel instead of tuna, and farmed trout instead of salmon. Meanwhile, if you usually enjoy mussels, it may be more sustainable to go for prawns.
1. What can be inferred from what Kate Norgrove said
A．Protecting the ocean is the best choice of every single fishery.
B．Ignoring the health of the ocean will endanger our own well-being.
C．Protecting those precious resources is of great importance.
D．If we ignore our health, it will come at a great cost to our life.
2. According to Paragraph 3 and 4, what do we know about the report
A．Some species were found to be high risk in terms of production and consumption.
B．The vast majority of this seafood was fished or farmed in UK waters.
C．The total amount of seafood consumed in the UK equals the portions of fish and chips.
D．Over 250 species have been directly affected by fisheries supplying UK markets.
3. How are the facts stated in the report
A．By listing figures. B．By explaining reasons.
C．By introducing a concept. D．By making predictions.
4. What is the passage mainly about
A．Britain’s love for seafood is threatening many species in the ocean.
B．A WWF report calls on Britons to stop killing off species in the ocean.
C．WWF is urging immediate action on stronger seafood regulation.
D．Protecting the blue heart of our planet is a tough task.
Passage 14
（23-24高二下·上海浦东新·阶段练习）At Cleveland Bridge, in Bath, a long line of traffic is building up. Although the Georgian structure was praised for its handsome Greek Revival style by Nikolaus Pevsner, an architectural master, it was built for horses, not cars. Repairs will close the bridge for several months, causing bigger jams and more pollution in a city where air quality is already a cause of concern.
Bath is an extreme example of a tradeoff faced by much of the country. Britain has the oldest housing stock in Europe, with one in five homes more than 100 years old. Period features are valued and often protected by law. Yet as efforts to cut carbon emissions intensify, they are contradicting attempts to preserve heritage. It is a “delicate balance” says Wera Hobhouse, Bath’s Member of Parliament (议员) “What is the public benefit of dealing with the climate emergency, versus protecting a heritage asset ”
Two years ago, Bath was among the first British cities to declare a “climate emergency” when it also promised to go carbon-neutral by 2030. Yet Bath also wants—and is legally required to preserve its heritage. With Roman remains and Georgian streets that spread across the Avon Valley in shades of honey and butter, the city is designated a world heritage site by UNESCO. About 60% of it is further protected by the government as a conservation area, more than 5,000 of Bath’s buildings—nearly 10% of the total—are listed as being of special architectural or historical interest, making it a criminal offence to alter them without permission.
Many of the features that make Bath’s Georgian buildings so delicate also make them leaky. Buildings of traditional construction make up 30% of Bath’s housing stock but take up 40% of domestic carbon emissions, according to the Centre for Sustainable Energy, a charity. British homes are rated for energy efficiency on a scale from A to G; most traditional buildings in the city are an F or G.
Transport is another area where climate and heritage clash. Bath’s 17th-century streets lack room for bike lanes. Joanna Wright was recently relieved of her role as Bath’s climate chief after proposing that North Road, which leads to the university, should be closed to traffic. In two years she was unable to install any on-street electric-vehicle charging points, partly because of the “nightmare” of getting permission to dig up old pavements.
All this means going carbon neutral by 2030 looks hard, but the city is at least beginning to make compromises. In March it launched the first “clean-air zone” outside London, charging drivers to enter central Bath. A trial has made 160 electric motoreycles available to hire. And local opinion seems to be shifting in favour of sustainability. “The discussion has moved dramatically towards considering the climate emergency,” says Ms. Hobhouse.
1. What problem does Bath face
A．It is getting more and more crowded due to the maintenance work underway.
B．Its housing stock with a long history are being altered without authorization.
C．Its historical significance makes it hard to be reformed into an eco-friendly city.
D．Its promise to go carbon-neutral by 2030 is greeted with doubt from its citizens.
2. The percentage mentioned in the underlined sentence (Paragraph 4) is intended to _________.
A．highlight the long history of Bath’s building complex
B．show the low energy efficiency of the historic buildings
C．illustrate the delicate features that Bath’s buildings share
D．challenge the validity and credibility of the A-G scale
3. Why was Joanna Wright removed from her position
A．She proposed the North Road not be accessible to the public.
B．She failed to solve the conflict between transport and heritage.
C．She stood right in the way of the heritage preservation efforts.
D．She struggled to get authorized to dig up those old pavements.
4. What can be inferred from the passage
A．Wera Hobhouse keeps a balance between public benefit and heritage protection.
B．Traditional buildings in Bath are not available to visitors not having permits.
C．Bath has been setting the pace for the construction of a carbon-neutral city.
D．Local people in Bath used to favor heritage conservation over sustainability.
Passage 15
（23-24高二下·浙江·期中）Extreme land use combined with warming temperatures is pushing insect ecosystems toward collapse in some parts of the world, scientists reported Wednesday.
The study, published in the journal Nature, identified for the first time a clear and alarming link between the climate crisis and high-intensity agriculture and showed that, in places where those impacts are particularly high, insect abundance has already dropped by nearly 50%, while the number of species has been reduced by 27%.
These findings cause huge concerns, according to Charlotte Outhwaite, the lead author on the study and researcher at the University College London, given the important role of insects in local ecosystems, pollination (授粉) and food production, and note that losing insects could threaten human health and food security.
“Three quarters of our crops depend on insect pollinators,” Dave Goulson, a professor of biology at the University of Sussex in the UK, previously told CNN. “Without insects, crops will begin to fail. We won’t have things like strawberries. We can’t feed 8 billion people.”
Scientists say, extreme land use has a link with the climate crisis. Clearing natural habitats for agriculture can dramatically change the area’s local climate and cause temperature extremes. Researchers found evident declines in insect populations in warmer areas, particularly in the tropics. They concluded that in areas with less agriculture, less climate warming, and a nearby natural habitat, insects only declined by 7%, compared to the 63% decrease in areas with less natural habitat cover.
Outhwaite told CNN there are things we can do to help prevent this crisis, like planting more native species and wildflowers, and reducing chemicals used in gardens. “It’s also probably a good idea to think about where the foods that we are buying are being sourced from,” Outwaite said. “So if they’re being sourced from tropical countries, there’s probably going to be a high impact on biodiversity there.”
1. Why does the author quote Dave Goulson’s words in the paragraph 4
A．To emphasize the importance of insects to human life.
B．To provide evidence for the decline in insect populations.
C．To suggest potential solutions to prevent the decline of insects.
D．To show the importance of preserving natural habitats for insects.
2. Which of the following may contribute to the largest decline in insect population
A．Making full use of land in colder areas. B．Preserving habitats cover in colder areas.
C．Planting more native species in warmer areas. D．Expanding agriculture production in tropics.
3. What does Outhwaite’s words mainly focus on in the last paragraph
A．The efforts that have been made to protect insects.
B．The suggestions on how to protect the diversity of insects.
C．The reasons why we should preserve the diversity of insects.
D．The advice on what kind of products to buy to avoid insect crisis.
4. What can be the best title for the text
A．Agriculture Harms Ecosystems B．Reasons for Endangered Insect Ecosystems
C．Insect Ecosystems Need Help D．Efforts Made to Save Insect Ecosystems阅读理解 人教版选择性必修三 题型特训
Unit 3 Environmental Protection
学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________
一、 初阶练手 Passage 1 - 5
二、 进阶练习 Passage 6 -10
三、 高阶提升 Passage 11-15
一、 初阶练手
Passage 1
（23-24高二下·山东菏泽·期末）STINSON BEACH CLEAN-UP PROJECT
Help us keep Stinson Beach clean this summer! Warmer weather and handfuls of holidays bring more people out to the beach which sometimes means more garbage too; join us once per month to clear litter and maintain the beauty there.
When: One Friday a month between May and September. 10: 00 am—1: 00 pm.
Where: Stinson Beach parking lot.
Supplies: We invite volunteers to bring their own reusable supplies! Limit waste by bringing your own bag or bucket and gloves if possible — but don’t worry if you don’t — we’ll have some supplies on site for you to use.
Group entry: Groups of five or more require special arrangements and must be confirmed in advance. Please review the List of Available Projects and fill out the Group Project Request Form.
Age, Skills, What to bring:
Volunteers aged 10 and up are welcome. Read our Youth Policy Guidelines for youth under the age of 15.
Bring your completed Volunteer Agreement Form. Volunteers under 18 must have the parent approval section signed.
We’ll be working rain or shine. Bring layers for changing weather and rain gear (雨具).
Bring a personal water bottle and sunscreen. Wear clothes that can get dirty. Long pants and closed-toe shoes are required.
No experience necessary. Training and tools will be provided. Fulfills community service requirements.
1. What is the aim of the project
A．To attract the tourists. B．To beautify the beach.
C．To provide trip study. D．To conduct a research.
2. What is required for volunteers under 18
A．Fine weather. B．Rich experience.
C．School uniform. D．Parent permission.
3. What does the project provide for volunteers
A．Training. B．Long pants. C．Rain gear. D．Water bottles.
【答案】1. B 2. D 3. A
【导语】这是一篇应用文。主要介绍了一则志愿者招募广告，招募志愿者清理丁森海滩，具体介绍了清理工作的时间、地点以及对志愿者的要求等。
1. 细节理解题。文章第一段讲到“Help us keep Stinson Beach clean this summer!(今年夏天，请帮助我们保持Stinson海滩的清洁！)”可知，项目的目标是美化海滩。故选B。
2. 细节理解题。文章倒数第四段讲到“Volunteers under 18 must have the parent approval section signed. (18岁以下的志愿者必须在家长批准部分签字)”可知，18岁以下的志愿者需要家长许可。故选D。
3. 细节理解题。文章最后一段讲到“Training and tools will be provided. (将提供培训和工具)”可知，该项目为志愿者提供培训。故选A。
Passage 2
（23-24高二下·福建福州·期末）When it comes to recycling the household waste, people have done it for about two decades. However, there’s still some confusion about what can and what can’t be recycled. With advances in technology, there are more things that can be recycled.
COFFEE PODS (咖啡荚)
On average, Australians are using more than three million coffee pods per day, and about 1.5 million households have coffee machines. While the pods are disastrous for the environment, they can still be recycled. Nespresso has a free post-back programme and drop-off points run by TerraCycle, so you can take the pods and directly drop off at Nespresso stores.
LIGHT BULBS
Rather than throwing light bulbs into the bin, some councils run specific recycling stations, which allow you to drop off these kinds of items. If you do regularly recycle household glass, remember all glass should be washed and have lids removed.
PIZZA BOXES
Normally pizza boxes don’t make it into recycling because they’re covered in grease (油脂) and leftover bits of cheese. When a pizza box is too greasy, it won’t be taken to a recycling processing plant. If possible, remove as much of the leftovers as you can before recycling. If the pizza box can’t be recycled, tear off the lid which can still be recycled.
HOUSEHOLD BATTERIES
Household batteries can also be recycled. Batteries that do end up in landfills can cause a serious problem to the environment as they can release poisonous chemicals into the soil which are harmful to both humans and animals. Button-cell batteries, which are used in hearing aids and watches, can also be recycled.
1. Why does TerraCycle run the free post-back programme and drop-off points
A．To recycle coffee pods easily. B．To offer good coffee for free.
C．To exchange coffee machines. D．To warn people of the harm of coffee.
2. What do people need to do first to recycle pizza boxes
A．Wash them many times. B．Take them to the government.
C．Clear the leftovers as much as possible. D．Return boxes to the pizza shop quickly.
3. In which section of a magazine can we read the text
A．Health. B．Environment. C．Entertainment. D．Culture.
【答案】1. A 2. C 3. B
【导语】这是一篇应用文。随着科技的进步，有更多的东西可以回收利用。文章介绍了生活中对于家庭垃圾问题处理上，几个比较实用的一些回收知识。
1. 细节理解题。根据COFFEE PODS (咖啡荚)标题下“While the pods are disastrous for the environment, they can still be recycled. Nespresso has a free post-back programme and drop-off points run by TerraCycle, so you can take the pods and directly drop off at Nespresso stores.(虽然豆荚对环境是灾难性的，但它们仍然可以回收利用。Nespresso咖啡机有一个免费的邮寄计划和由TerraCycle运营的抛物点，所以你可以把咖啡荚直接送到Nespresso咖啡机商店。)”可知，TerraCycle 运行免费的 post-back 程序和抛物点，是为了方便回收咖啡荚。故选A。
2. 细节理解题。根据 PIZZA BOXES标题下“When a pizza box is too greasy, it won’t be made into a recycling processing plant. If possible, remove as much of the leftovers as you can before recycling. (如果披萨盒太油腻，它就不会被制成回收加工厂。如果可能的话，在回收利用之前尽可能多地清除剩余的食物。)”可知，对于披萨盒子的回收，用户需要首先尽可能多地清除剩余的食物。故选C。
3. 推理判断题。根据第一段“When it comes to recycling the household waste, people have done it for about two decades. However, there’s still some confusion about what can and what can’t be recycled. With advances in technology, there are more things that can be recycled.(说到回收生活垃圾，人们已经这样做了大约二十年。然而，对于什么可以回收，什么不能回收，仍然存在一些困惑。随着科技的进步，有更多的东西可以回收利用。)”并通读全文可知，随着科技的进步，有更多的东西可以回收利用。本文主要介绍了科技进步对于生活中的一些东西的回收利用的方法，所以文章的主题是和环境保护有关，我们可以在杂志的环境部分阅读到本文。故选B。
Passage 3
（23-24高二下·广东佛山·阶段练习）Gharials are living along the river banks of India and eat fish. There was a time when they were plentiful but that was many years ago. The population changed from about 10,000 in 1946 to fewer than 250 in 2006, which led to gharials being put in the endangered part on the International Union for Conservation of Nature’s red list.
Gharials were in such a condition due to increased fishing in their living areas — fish were caught in large numbers — gharials sometimes couldn’t find enough food. Gharials were hunted for their skins, for use in traditional medicine and so on. Many lost their living places.
Conservation efforts began in the 1970s when the Indian government started a program that built the National Chambal Sanctuary in 1978. The next year, some gharials were put into the Chambal River. Other rivers, including the Gandaki, were added. The Gandaki River is a good place for the gharials because it has sandbanks and wetlands.
Since 2016, nests have been found every year with help from local farmers and fishermen who then help to protect gharials. “Members of the community were trained by experts to watch and help gharials,” said Samir Kumar Sinha, head of conservation at the Wildlife Trust of India (WTI).
A 2018 survey by the WTI recorded more than 160 gharials in the Gandaki River. The organization also found 20 baby gharials. Now, the gharials are being found in other parts of India and in parts of Nepal. In fact, they are found in the Kosi River in India for the first time in 50 years. They are still endangered but now there is hope that the animals will begin to make a comeback.
1. What happened to gharials according to the first paragraph
A．Their number dropped a lot. B．They lived a much shorter life.
C．They changed their food choice. D．Their living environment was polluted.
2. What does the information in Paragraphs 3 and 4 suggest
A．Gharials lead a life of adventure.
B．Local people work together to protect gharials.
C．People have to take care of gharials because of orders.
D．Gharials were put into different rivers to attract visitors.
3. How is the result of the conservation efforts
A．It is uncertain. B．It is worrying. C．It is successful. D．It is unsatisfactory.
【答案】1. A 2. B 3. C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文主要说明了恒河鳄生活在印度的河岸上，以鱼为食，但是曾经一度成为濒危物种，文章解释了背后的原因以及人们为保护恒河鳄所采取的一些措施。
1. 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The population changed from about 10,000 in 1946 to fewer than 250 in 2006”（数量从1946年的1万只左右减少到2006年的不足250只）可知，恒河鳄的数量下降了很多。故选A。
2. 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Conservation efforts began in the 1970s when the Indian government started a program that built the National Chambal Sanctuary in 1978.”（保护工作开始于20世纪70年代，当时印度政府在1978年启动了一个项目，建立了国家昌巴尔保护区。）以及第四段中的“local farmers and fishermen who then help to protect gharials.”（当地农民和渔民帮助保护恒河鳄。）可知，当地人一起努力保护恒河鳄。故选B。
3. 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“In fact, they are found in the Kosi River in India for the first time in 50 years. They are still endangered but now there is hope that the animals will begin to make a comeback.”（事实上，它们是50年来第一次在印度的戈西河被发现。它们仍然是濒危动物，但现在有希望开始恢复）可知，保护工作很成功。故选C。
Passage 4
（23-24高二下·四川遂宁·阶段练习）Here are some books which can inspire kids to think about nature and the environment.How to Raise Monarch Butterflies — By Carol Pasternak
Have you ever watched a monarch transform from a caterpillar to a butterfly from up close In this book, learn everything about the monarch life cycle and how to raise monarchs from eggs to adult butterflies. You will also get to know the efforts involved to protect the species.A Kid’s Guide to America’s Parks — By Erin McHugh
This year, the US National Park Service’s National Park Week is on April 21 — 29. During the week, all the national parks offer free admission. Enrich your knowledge with this book, as it introduces the national parks and some interesting places in the US, including their geography, specific animals as well as environmental challenges. The book’s featured places include Yosemite National Park, Ellis Island (home of the Statue of Liberty) and the National Park of American Samoa, the only U.S. national park south of the equator.Where Do Recyclable Materials Go — By Sabbithry Persad
Tiana had been learning about recycling at school. But when her dog, Bubbles, gets lost running after a recycling truck, she ends up learning a lot more about recyclable materials than ever! Follow Tiana and her family as they search for Bubbles around town and at the Materials Recovery Facility. Along the way, readers will learn a lot about recycling and how they can do their part in protecting the environment.Scrap Kins Build-It Book Volume I — By Brian Yanish
Meet the Scrap Kins. They are creative, friendly monsters who live in a recycling center, known as Scrap City. They’ll show you how to turn junk into pretty cool things. Readers will learn how to create cute bags from old jeans, beautiful ships from milk boxes, and more. Remember that one person’s trash is another person’s treasure!
1. Which author teaches you how to make an artwork from wastes
A．Carol Pasternak. B．Erin McHugh. C．Sabbithry Persad. D．Brian Yanish.
2. Why is the National Park of American Samoa special
A．There is a famous statue in it. B．It is free for admission.
C．It has its specific animals. D．It lies south of the equator.
3. Which book is most probably written in the form of a story
A．How to Raise Monarch Butterflies B．A Kid’s Guide to America’s Parks
C．Where Do Recyclable Materials Go D．Scrap Kins Build-It Book Volume I
【答案】1. D 2. D 3. C
【导语】这是一篇应用文。介绍了四本激发孩子们思考自然和环境的书。
1. 细节理解题。根据Scrap Kins Build-It Book Volume I — By Brian Yanish部分中“They’ll show you how to turn junk into pretty cool things.(他们会告诉你如何把垃圾变成很酷的东西)”可知，布莱恩·亚尼什博士教你如何用废物制作艺术品。故选D。
2. 细节理解题。根据第三段“The book’s featured places include Yosemite National Park, Ellis Island (home of the Statue of Liberty) and the National Park of American Samoa, the only U.S. national park south of the equator.( 这本书的特色景点包括约塞米蒂国家公园、埃利斯岛（自由女神像的所在地）和美属萨摩亚国家公园，这是美国唯一位于赤道以南的国家公园)”可知，美属萨摩亚国家公园特别是因为它位于赤道以南。故选D。
3. 细节理解题。根据Where Do Recyclable Materials Go — By Sabbithry Persad部分中“Follow Tiana and her family as they search for Bubbles around town and at the Materials Recovery Facility. Along the way, readers will learn a lot about recycling and how they can do their part in protecting the environment.(跟随蒂安娜和她的家人，他们在镇上和材料回收设施寻找“气泡”。在这个过程中，读者将学到很多关于回收利用的知识，以及他们如何为保护环境尽自己的一份力量)”可知，《可回收材料去了哪里 》最有可能是以故事的形式写成的。故选C。
Passage 5
（23-24高二下·山东菏泽·阶段练习）Our recommended list of environmental books covers a broad range of topics. These must-read environmental books are sure to spark the interest of the greenest books.
Silent Spring
Written by Rachel Carson, Silent Spring highlights the effects of pesticides (杀虫剂) on the environment, especially DDT, which was a very popular insecticide until it was finally banned in 1972. The book eventually led to a change in the United States’ pesticide policy and contributed to the creation of the Environmental Protection Agency.
No One Is Too Small to Make a Difference.
This book collects 11 speeches made by climate activist Greta Thunberg, highlighting the issue of climate change and its impact on future generations. Greta Thunberg was 15 when she started the School Strike for Climate, also known as Fridays for Future. She inspired protests worldwide.
The Uninhabitable Earth
This book by David Wallace Wells examines the disasters that have already occurred and looks ahead to the year 2100 and what climate change will do if we continue on our current path. Its opening line is incredibly telling: “It is worse, much worse, than you think.”
The End of Nature
Published in 1989, the book describes the relationship between nature and humans. It expresses the idea that nature was previously independent of humans but has now been affected by them in every way. According to author Bill McKibben, the idea of wilderness is lost, and nature is no longer complete.
1. Which book brought the environment to the government’s attention
A．Silent Spring. B．The End of Nature.
C．The Uninhabitable Earth. D．No One Is Too Small to Make a Difference.
2. What feeling does the author display in The Uninhabitable Earth
A．Curiosity. B．Concern. C．Annoyance. D．Disappointment.
3. Which of the following is Bill McKibben’s idea
A．Nature will not exist any longer. B．Wild animals are disappearing fast.
C．Human activities are destroying nature. D．Climate change affects future generations.
【答案】1. A 2. B 3. C
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了一系列关于环境保护的书籍，并对每本书进行了简短的介绍和评价。
1. 细节理解题。根据Silent Spring下的“Written by Rachel Carson, Silent Spring highlights the effects of pesticides (杀虫剂) on the environment, especially DDT, which was a very popular insecticide until it was finally banned in 1972. The book eventually led to a change in the United States’ pesticide policy and contributed to the creation of the Environmental Protection Agency.(《寂静的春天》的作者蕾切尔·卡森强调了农药对环境的影响，尤其是DDT，它是一种非常受欢迎的杀虫剂，直到1972年才最终被禁止。这本书最终改变了美国的农药政策，并促成了环境保护署的成立)”可知，《寂静的春天》引起了政府对环境问题的关注。故选A项。
2. 推理判断题。根据The Uninhabitable Earth下的“This book by David Wallace Wells examines the disasters that have already occurred and looks ahead to the year 2100 and what climate change will do if we continue on our current path. Its opening line is incredibly telling: “It is worse, much worse, than you think.”(大卫·华莱士·威尔斯的这本书审视了已经发生的灾难，展望了2100年，以及如果我们继续目前的道路，气候变化将会带来什么。它的开场白令人难以置信：“情况比你想象的更糟，糟糕得多。”)”可知，作者在《不宜居住的地球》中说情况比你想象的更糟，表达了他担忧的感受。故选B项。
3. 细节理解题。根据The End of Nature下的“Published in 1989, the book describes the relationship between nature and humans. It expresses the idea that nature was previously independent of humans but has now been affected by them in every way. According to author Bill McKibben, the idea of wilderness is lost, and nature is no longer complete.(这本书出版于1989年，描述了自然与人类之间的关系。它表达了这样一种观点：大自然以前是独立于人类的，但现在在各个方面都受到了人类的影响。根据作家比尔·麦基本的说法，荒野的概念已经消失，自然也不再完整)”可知，比尔·麦基本认为人类活动正在破坏自然。故选C项。
二、 进阶练习
Passage 6
（23-24高二下·四川成都·期末）Air pollution is among the biggest threats against humans, which causes seven million early deaths a year. To fight this problem, four friends put their heads together and designed CityTree, which is a mobile structure that can capture as many pollutants as a forest made up of 275 trees. What makes the ‘tree’ special is that it’s not a regular tree at all; it is made up of moss cultures (苔藓培养物) that do a great job of absorption.
“Moss cultures have a much larger surface than any other plant,” Zhengliang Wu, co-founder of Green City Solutions, explained to CNN. “That means we can capture more pollutants.” The entire ‘tree’ sustains itself using solar panels that generate electricity so that it can collect rainwater itself. To monitor the health of the moss, the CityTree has sensors which measure temperature and water quality.
Now, about 20 CityTrees can be found in major cities like Oslo, and Paris. The team also has plans to introduce the CityTree to cities in lower-income countries, which may have worse air pollution.
However, Gary Fuller, an expert on air pollution, thinks that the concept of an urban air purifier might be too ambitious. “Even if you had a perfect air cleaner, getting the surrounding air in contact with it is really hard,” he said. Pollution made by cars, for example, spreads upwards a few kilometers into the air. “Efforts would be better put into stopping the pollution from forming in the first place,” he added.
In response, the CityTree inventors say that they are aware of this and choose the location of each CityTree carefully. They are also testing a system to create their own air flow that draws the pollution to the “tree”.
1. What is paragraph 2 mainly about concerning the CityTree
A．Its appearance. B．Its operating process.
C．How it works. D．How it gets powered.
2. What is Gary Fuller’s attitude to the CityTree
A．Doubtful. B．Intolerant. C．Worried. D．Unclear.
3. What will the CityTree inventors probably do
A．Develop a new type of air cleaner. B．Make improvements to the structure.
C．Redirect efforts to make greener cars. D．Expand their business in rich countries.
4. Which of the following is the best title for this text
A．Global Efforts in Planting Trees B．The Alarming Trend of Air Pollution
C．A Structure that Will Change the World D．The ‘Tree’ with the Green Benefits of a Forest
【答案】1. C 2. A 3. B 4. D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了“城市树”可以改善空气污染，介绍了其工作原理以及好处。
1. 主旨大意题。根据第二段““Moss cultures have a much larger surface than any other plant,” Zhengliang Wu, co-founder of Green City Solutions, explained to CNN. “That means we can capture more pollutants.” The entire ‘tree’ sustains itself using solar panels that generate electricity so that it can collect rainwater itself. To monitor the health of the moss, the CityTree has sensors which measure temperature and water quality. (绿色城市解决方案的联合创始人吴正良向CNN解释说：“苔藓的表面比其他任何植物都要大得多。”“这意味着我们可以捕获更多的污染物。”整棵“树”通过太阳能电池板来维持自身，太阳能电池板可以发电，这样它就可以自己收集雨水。为了监测苔藓的健康状况，“城市树”装有测量温度和水质的传感器。)”可知，第2段主要是关于CityTree是如何工作的。故选C。
2. 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“However, Gary Fuller, an expert on air pollution, thinks that the concept of an urban air purifier might be too ambitious. “Even if you had a perfect air cleaner, getting the surrounding air in contact with it is really hard,” he said. Pollution made by cars, for example, spreads upwards a few kilometers into the air. “Efforts would be better put into stopping the pollution from forming in the first place,” he added. (然而，空气污染专家加里·富勒认为，城市空气净化器的概念可能过于雄心勃勃。“即使你有一台完美的空气净化器，也很难让周围的空气接触到它，”他说。例如，汽车造成的污染向上扩散几公里进入空气中。他补充说：“最好从一开始就努力阻止污染的形成。”)”可知，加里·富勒对城市树的态度是怀疑。故选A。
3. 细节理解题。根据最后一段“They are also testing a system to create their own air flow that draws the pollution to the “tree”. (他们还在测试一个系统，该系统可以制造自己的气流，将污染物吸入“树”。)”可知，CityTree的发明者可能会对结构进行改进。故选B。
4. 主旨大意题。根据第一段“To fight this problem, four friends put their heads together and designed CityTree, which is a mobile structure that can capture as many pollutants as a forest made up of 275 trees. What makes the ‘tree’ special is that it’s not a regular tree at all; it is made up of moss cultures (苔藓培养物) that do a great job of absorption. (为了解决这个问题，四个朋友集思广想，设计了“城市树”，这是一个移动结构，可以捕获与275棵树组成的森林一样多的污染物。这棵“树”的特别之处在于，它根本不是一棵普通的树；它是由苔藓培养物组成的，吸收效果很好。)”结合文章主要介绍了“城市树”可以改善空气污染，介绍了其工作原理以及好处。可知，D选项“具有森林绿色效益的‘树’”最符合文章标题。故选D。
Passage 7
（23-24高二下·山东东营·期末）One afternoon, as we approached a mine from the air, a crew of panicked miners went running into the forest. As I followed their progress, something caught my eye: two macaws, flying away like crazy. After we landed, I found macaw feathers, yellow and blue, hanging on a string from a pole in the camp. Cabral shook his head and said that the miners must have hunted and eaten the bird, “The animals Die a silent death,” he said mournfully. For a public servant, Cabral is unusually outspoken — at least on Instagram, where his account is devoted to strongly criticizing animal cruelty.
At the camp, Finger told Cabral that he had found signs of an active site deeper in the forest. We followed him,moving silently along a path through the woods. As we advanced, we could hear a dog barking. There in a clearing was a wooden hut, abandoned except for a black dog, yowling miserably. Then we heard a strange noise from a box next to the hut. Cabral lifted a plastic cover, revealing a mass of puppies, just a few days old. He picked up a couple and held them, then walked to a shelf where the miners had been drying wildlife meat. He threw a piece to the mother dog, which began wolfing it.
Early in his career, Cabral acquired the nickname Rambo, but it seemed mostly like a joke. He had taken up armed patrols (巡逻) only in service of wildlife conservation,his lifelong passion. He came from Juiz de Fora, a city in Brazil’s central part, and spent his childhood immersed in nature, watching wildlife programs and reading about animals.
“This is all I ever wanted to do,” he told me. He earned a degree in biology and another in ecology, then joined IBAMA, a branch of the environment ministry that protects threatened ecosystems. In 2013, Cabral secured approval to build a unit of rangers (护林员) who were committed to saving the environment, by force if necessary.
1. Why did the miners get so panicked that they ran into the forest
A．Because they mined illegally.
B．Because they mistook “us” as invaders.
C．Because they killed animals cruelly.
D．Because they camped without permission.
2. What was Cabral’s career
A．Fighting against evils like Rambo.
B．Protecting wildlife, by force if necessary.
C．Volunteering in service of wildlife conservation.
D．Filming wildlife programs in nature.
3. What do we know about IMAMA
A．It centered on wildlife protection.
B．It originally built a unit of armed rangers.
C．It was co-founded by Cabral.
D．It worked as branch of a non-profit organization.
4. Which can best describe Cabral
A．Passionate and devoted. B．Smart and straightforward.
C．Cooperative and courageous. D．Intelligent and knowledgeable.
【答案】1. C 2. B 3. A 4. A
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了Cabral为保护野生动物，对非法矿工进行打击的故事。
1. 推理判断题。根据第一段“Cabral shook his head and said that the miners must have hunted and eaten the bird, “The animals Die a silent death,” he said mournfully.”（卡布拉尔摇了摇头，说矿工们一定是猎杀并吃掉了这只鸟。“这些动物无声地死去了，”他悲伤地说。）可推知，矿工们惊慌跑进了森林因为他们残忍地杀害动物。故选C。
2. 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“He earned a degree in biology and another in ecology, then joined IBAMA, a branch of the environment ministry that protects threatened ecosystems. In 2013, Cabral secured approval to build a unit of rangers (护林员) who were committed to saving the environment, by force if necessary.”（他获得了生物学和生态学的学位，然后加入了IBAMA，这是一个保护受威胁生态系统的环境部门的分支。2013年，Cabral获得了建立一支护林员队伍的批准，他们致力于保护环境，如果必要的话，可以使用武力。）可推知，Cabral的职业是保护野生动物，必要时可以使用武力，故选B。
3. 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“then joined IBAMA, a branch of the environment ministry that protects threatened ecosystems”（然后加入了IBAMA，这是一个保护受威胁生态系统的环境部门的分支）可推知，IBAMA是以保护野生动物为中心的，故选A。
4. 推理判断题。根据文章第三段“He had taken up armed patrols (巡逻) only in service of wildlife conservation, his lifelong passion. He came from Juiz de Fora, a city in Brazil’s central part, and spent his childhood immersed in nature, watching wildlife programs and reading about animals.”（他参加武装巡逻只是为了保护野生动物，这是他毕生的爱好。他来自巴西中部城市Juiz de Fora，童年沉浸在大自然中，观看野生动物节目，阅读有关动物的书籍。）可推知，Cabral对保护野生动物充满热情并全身心投入，故选A。
Passage 8
（23-24高二下·甘肃兰州·期中）Once the stuff of sci-fi fantasy, robots and robotic technology are now used in many aspects of daily life, ranging from manufacturing to medicine and everything in between. While humanity is still far from having robot servants at home, robots are commonly used on production lines in factories, and even for specific movements during operation.
Recently, one Estonian company decided to repurpose (改变……的用途) its technology for a reason that’s beneficial for the environment. Robot manufacturer Milrem, which previously produced autonomous tanks, partnered with the University of Tartu to develop robot foresters that can plant and care for trees.
The decision to create autonomous foresters came after Milrem realized that its technology, which had been developed for military use , could be useful in other areas. “We started looking into what else we could do with these unmanned robots”, Mart Noorma, director at Milrem, told Research Estonia. “Together with our partners at universities and public offices, we realized that we could be helpful in automating many industries.”
The robots, which resemble mini tanks , operate in pairs. One robot works as a planter , putting down as many as 380 young trees in as little as six hours. During the planting stage, the robot records the exact location of each young tree. The other robot follows its path, cutting vegetation and cutting brush, so that the newly planted trees can thrive.
To navigate their surroundings, the robots use LiDAR and GPS systems. LiDAR uses laser technology to create a three-dimensional geometric map of the environment. Interesting Engineering reported that the robots also use high resolution camera systems to fill in the gaps around obstacles (障碍) and ensure the map’s accuracy.
The efficiency and speed of these tree-planting robots give them the high potential to help reverse (逆转) deforestation, a critical issue affecting the planet.
1. Why did Milrem decide to repurpose its technology
A．To make more money. B．To help in medicine.
C．To create a big brand. D．To protect the environment.
2. How many young trees can a robot plant in an hour
A．About 50. B．About 63.
C．About 190. D．About 380.
3. What can we infer from the fifth paragraphs
A．LiDAR makes it easier to identify the trees.
B．The robots will improve the environment around the plants.
C．The map’s accuracy results from high resolution camera systems.
D．The tree planting robots are bound to be widely used soon.
4. What may be the author’s attitude towards robot foresters
A．Supportive. B．Doubtful.
C．Unclear. D．Disapproving.
【答案】1. D 2. B 3. C 4. A
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。自动坦克机器人制造商 Milrem 与塔尔图大学合作，开发出可以种植和照料树木木的机器人林务员。
1. 细节理解题。根据第二段“Recently, one Estonian company decided to repurpose (改变……的用途) its technology for a reason that’s beneficial for the environment. Robot manufacturer Milrem, which previously produced autonomous tanks, partnered with the University of Tartu to develop robot foresters that can plant and care for trees.”（最近，一家爱沙尼亚公司决定改变其技术的用途，原因是对环境有益。机器人制造商Milrem之前生产过自动坦克，现在与塔尔图大学合作开发了可以种植和照顾树木的机器人护林员。）可知，为了给地球带来益处， Milrem决定重新调整其技术用途，联合相关部门开发能够种植和照料树木的机器人林务员。由此可知， Milrem重新调整其技术用途是为了保护环境。故选D项。
2. 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“One robot works as a planter, putting down as many as 380 seedlings in as little as six hours .”（其中一个机器人可以作为播种机，在短短6小时内种植多达380棵幼苗）可知，一个机器人可以在短短6个小时内，种下多达380棵幼苗，所以一个机器人在一小时内可以种植大约63棵小树。故选B项。
3. 推理判断题。根据第五段中的“ Interesting Engineering reported that the robots also use high resolution camera systems to fill in the gaps around obstacles (障碍) and ensure the map’s accuracy.”（《有趣的工程》报道称，机器人还使用高分辨率的摄像系统来填补障碍物周围的空白，以确保地图的准确性）可知，地图的准确性来自高分辨率的摄像系统。故选C项。
4. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“ The efficiency and speed of these tree-planting robots give them the high potential to help reverse (逆转) deforestation, a critical issue affecting the planet.”（这些植树机器人的效率和速度使它们有帮助改变森林滥伐现象的巨大潜力，森林滥伐是影响地球的一个关键问题）可知，作者对机器人林务员应是持支持的态度。故选A项。
Passage 9
（23-24高二下·湖南·阶段练习）With a pair of glasses and mild manner, Siew Te Wong could be described as a Malaysian Clark Kent (a fictional character in Superman). This wildlife biologist is a Superman of sorts — a tireless defender of the world’s smallest bear species: the sun bear.
“I often call the sun bear a forgotten species,” Wong said. “When I first started, 20 years ago, no one had ever studied sun bears. Most people did not know that they even existed,” As he studied the animal and realized the threats it faced from deforestation and illegal hunting, he knew the bears were in serious trouble. “The more I learn about them, the more I care. The more I care, the more I worry,” he said. “I have to help them.” Today, Wong’s nonprofit, the Bornean Sun Bear Conservation Center, is the only sun bear sanctuary (保护区) in the world.
Sun bears are found in the rainforests of South Asia, and the small bears play a big role in keeping these woodlands healthy. Many plants and animals depend on them to spread seeds, create nesting sites and control the termite (白蚁) population. Healthy rainforests provide clean air and water to the entire world.
But the sun bear population has decreased by 30% during the last three decades. In 2007, the bear was officially classified as vulnerable (易危的) to extinction by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature.
Currently, 44 sun bears live at Wong’s center. All of them were orphaned by illegal hunting or rescued from captivity (囚禁). The center has also become one of the leading tourist destinations in the area. “They can see how special the sun bear is and learn about how their survival is important to ours,” Wong said, “so they can take some action when they go back home.”
For Wong, this work is simply his responsibility. “Sun bears have become part of my family. When they’re endangered, I care for them. When they are in trouble, I speak for them,” he said. “I want to be the voice for the sun bear, to fight for the sun bear, to ensure the survival of the sun bear. But my goal is to save the entire forest ecosystem and that is so important to the survival of mankind. I want bears to live in the forest and not in captivity.”
1. When Wong first started to study sun bears, ______.
A．they were paid little attention
B．they were a great threat to mankind
C．they were well protected by the local people
D．they were officially classified as rare animals
2. What is Paragraph 3 mainly about
A．The importance of healthy rainforests.
B．An introduction to the rainforests of South Asia.
C．A dependent living situation of all species in rainforests.
D．The role sun bears play in keeping a balanced ecosystem.
3. Why does Wong make his sun bear center a tourist destination
A．To finance this center. B．To protect species diversity.
C．To recognize the value of the center. D．To raise awareness about sun bears’ situation.
4. What is the text mainly about
A．How to turn a sun bear center into a tourist destination.
B．An introduction to a great defender of the sun bear.
C．A call for stopping the sun bear hunt.
D．What we can do to save the sun bear.
【答案】1. A 2. D 3. D 4. B
【导语】本文是记叙文。文章介绍了野生动物学家Siew Te Wong为保护太阳熊所作出的努力。
1. 细节理解题。根据文章第二段““I often call the sun bear a forgotten species,” Wong said. “When I first started, 20 years ago, no one had ever studied sun bears. Most people did not know that they even existed,””（“我经常称太阳熊为被遗忘的物种，”Wong说。“20年前，当我刚开始研究太阳熊时，没有人研究过太阳熊。大多数人甚至不知道它们的存在。”）可知，当Wong开始研究太阳熊时，它们并未受到人们的关注。故选A。
2. 主旨大意题。根据文章第三段“Sun bears are found in the rainforests of South Asia, and the small bears play a big role in keeping these woodlands healthy. Many plants and animals depend on them to spread seeds, create nesting sites and control the termite (白蚁) population.”（太阳熊生活在南亚的雨林中，这些小熊在保持这些森林健康方面起着重要的作用。许多植物和动物依赖它们来传播种子，创造筑巢地点和控制白蚁数量。）可知，第三段主要讲述太阳熊在保持生态系统平衡中起着重要的作用。故选D。
3. 推理判断题。根据文章第五段“They can see how special the sun bear is and learn about how their survival is important to ours,” Wong said, “so they can take some action when they go back home.”（Wong说：“他们可以看到太阳熊有多特别，了解它们的生存对我们的重要性，这样他们回家后就可以采取一些行动。”）可推知，Wong将他的太阳熊中心设为旅游目的地的目的是为了提高人们对太阳熊情况的认识。故选D。
4. 主旨大意题。根据第一段“This wildlife biologist is a Superman of sorts — a tireless defender of the world's smallest bear species: the sun bear.”（这位野生生物学家可以说是超人——他不知疲倦地保护着世界上最小的熊类：太阳熊。）可知，文章围绕野生动物学家Siew Te Wong为保护太阳熊所作出的努力。故选B。
Passage 10
（23-24高二下·广东惠州·期中）The food we eat every day keeps us alive, but it can also increase health and environmental costs-heart disease, carbon emissions, and more. For years, health researchers focused on their priorities while environmental scientists were on theirs. And it became increasingly obvious that what we eat is closely connected with planet’s health.
So the researchers of a recent study at the University of Michigan built a system that combined both concerns, looking at health and environmental impacts of specific foods.
The researchers looked at the nutritional makeup of nearly 6000 foods. A hot dog would probably cost someone about 35 minutes of living; but eating most fruits might help someone gain a few extra minutes. In the calculations, apple pie is just about neutral — some boost from the apples, some losses from butter, flour, and sugar.
At the same time, the researchers evaluated the environmental effects of those thousands of food items. They studied different ways the environment absorbed food production’s impact as well.
When researchers looked at both issues at once, an exciting pattern emerged. Many foods good for people’s health were also relatively gentle on the environment. Not surprisingly, beans, vegetables-not those grown in greenhouses, though-and some sustainably farmed seafood like catfish fell in what they termed the “green” zone. “Amber” zone foods, like milk, egg-based foods and greenhouse-grown vegetables balanced health and environmental costs. “Red” zone foods, which included beef, pork, lamb and processed meats, had high health and environmental costs.
There’s no replacement for food, but shifting what we eat is possible. Food choices are personal, deeply connected to culture, religion, emotion, economic concerns, and so much more. “We aim to inform people so that they can make choices that fit with their needs and values.” says Olivier Jolliet one of the researchers. “We don’t all have to adopt a vegetarian diet overnight.” he says. “Small changes can make big impacts.”
1. What do we know about the recent study
A．More is known about the nutritional makeup of foods.
B．Most foods are beneficial to both health and the planet.
C．Healthy foods tend to be harmless to the environment.
D．Research has been done on environmental impacts of foods.
2. What does the underlined word “neutral” in paragraph 3 probably mean
A．balanced B．wasteful C．gentle D．consuming
3. Which of the following has the lowest health and environmental cost
A．Milk. B．A hot dog. C．Apple pie. D．Beans.
4. What does Olivier Jolliet think of shifts in food choices
A．They can make a great difference.
B．They meet people’s needs for food.
C．They are not suitable for everybody.
D．They are of great value to researchers.
【答案】1. C 2. A 3. D 4. A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了一项研究，该研究关注食物对人类健康和环境的影响，并将食物分为“绿色”、“琥珀色”和“红色”三个区域，以此来指导人们做出更健康、更环保的饮食选择。
1. 细节理解题。根据第五段“Many foods good for people’s health were also relatively gentle on the environment.(许多有益于人们健康的食物对环境也相对温和)”可知，最近研究可知，健康的食物往往对环境无害。故选C。
2. 词句猜测题。根据第三段“some boost from the apples, some losses from butter, flour, and sugar.(一些来自苹果的增加，一些来自黄油、面粉和糖的减少)”可知，苹果增加了一些营养，黄油、面粉和糖减少了一些营养。所以，苹果派是中和的，中立的，无偏差的。划线词与balanced“均衡的”的意思相近。故选A。
3. 细节理解题。根据第五段“Not surprisingly, beans, vegetables—not those grown in greenhouses, though—and some sustainably farmed seafood like catfish fell in what they termed the “green” zone. “Amber” zone foods, like milk, egg-based foods, and greenhouse-grown vegetables balanced health and environmental costs. “Red” zone foods, which included beef, pork, lamb and processed meats, had high health and environmental costs. (毫不奇怪，豆类、蔬菜——不是温室里种植的蔬菜——以及一些可持续养殖的海鲜，如鲶鱼，都落入了他们所说的“绿色”地带。“琥珀色”区域食品，如牛奶、鸡蛋类食品和温室蔬菜，平衡了健康和环境成本。包括牛肉、猪肉、羊肉和加工肉类在内的“红”区食品的健康和环境成本很高)”可知，豆类和蔬菜处于“绿色”地带，健康和环境成本最低。故选D。
4. 细节理解题。根据最后一段““We don’t all have to adopt a vegetarian diet overnight,” he says. “Small changes can make big impacts.”(“我们不必在一夜之间都吃素，”他说。“微小的改变可以产生巨大的影响。”)”可知，Olivier Jolliet认为食物选择的微小改变可以带来很大的影响。故选A。
三、 高阶提升
Passage 11
（23-24高二下·北京西城·期末）With its 1.2 million LED lights shining brightly against the Las Vegas night, the Las Vegas Sphere may well be the ultimate symbol of 2020s overuse. But that gigantic entertainment space is also something else: a symbol of the coming conflict between our climate goals and our seemingly insatiable (永不满足) appetite for stuff.
In the 1990s, multicolor LED lights were invented to prevent climate disasters by greatly reducing the amount of electricity we use. After all, LED lights use 90 percent less energy and last around 18 times longer than incandescent bulbs (白炽灯). Yet the amount of electricity we consume for light globally is roughly the same today as it was in 2010. That’s partly because of population and economic growth in the developing world. But another big reason is that as technology has advanced, we’ve only grown more wasteful.
There’s an economic term for this: the Jevons Paradox, named for the 19th-century English economist William Stanley Jevons, who noticed that as steam engines became ever more efficient, Britain’s appetite for coal increased rather than decreased. The logic of Jevons is that instead of banking the efficiency savings we make as technology advances, we go out and spend it.
Today, you can see examples of the Paradox everywhere. When residents in England installed home insulation, their overall heating energy demand soon rebounded, ending up at about the same level as it was before: The residents had apparently chosen to turn up their thermostats (温控器) and live in warmer homes.
The good news is that in some cases the efficiency gains are so great that even our insatiable appetite for new stuff cannot completely negate them. Today’s car engines require less fuel, even though Americans on average now drive longer distances in heavier cars. However, the bad news is that the Jevons Paradox seems to be hard-wired into us. There are few examples throughout history of people willingly consuming less energy, either for moral or environmental reasons.
For some, the solution is obvious: Governments must do more to limit our energy use, perhaps through regulations or taxes. A global carbon tax would help — though the chances of establishing one remain slim. A more innovative answer comes from Rob West, founder and chief executive of Thunder Said Energy. Having spent years documenting the Jevons Paradox and finding it far more widespread than economists predicted, he thinks the best hope we have is to fight Jevons with Jevons. That means applying the idea that consumption increases as goods become cheaper and more efficient to our production of energy. In other words, the future lies not in rationing (定量供应) energy and hoping humans suddenly change their behavior, but in ensuring any energy we use is as green and attractive as possible.
1. Why does the author mention the Las Vegas Sphere
A．To highlight a space. B．To predict an ending.
C．To provide a solution. D．To express a concern.
2. What does the underlined word “negate” in Paragraph 5 most probably mean
A．Put off. B．Break down. C．Push up. D．Wipe out.
3. What can we learn from the passage
A．The Jevons Paradox requires more examples.
B．Environmental awareness is hard-wired in humans.
C．Energy consumption grows as technology advances.
D．Efficiency gains guarantee the realization of climate goals.
4. Which of the following statements would Rob West most probably agree with
A．The solution is always to further energy efficiency.
B．A global carbon tax has aided in limiting energy use.
C．Humans are eager to change their consumption behavior.
D．Economists have overestimated the effect of the Jevons Paradox.
【答案】1. D 2. D 3. C 4. A
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。本文探讨了随着技术进步而出现的能源浪费现象，特别是所谓的“杰文斯悖论”，即随着能源使用效率的提高，人们并未因此减少能源消耗，反而因为商品变得更加便宜和高效而增加了消费。
1. 推理判断题。根据第一段中“With its 1.2 million LED lights shining brightly against the Las Vegas night, the Las Vegas Sphere may well be the ultimate symbol of 2020s overuse. But that gigantic entertainment space is also something else: a symbol of the coming conflict between our climate goals and our seemingly insatiable (永不满足) appetite for stuff. (120万盏LED灯在拉斯维加斯的夜空下闪闪发光，拉斯维加斯球体很可能是本世纪20年代过度使用的终极象征。但这个巨大的娱乐空间也有别的含义：它象征着我们的气候目标与我们似乎无法满足的物质欲望之间即将发生的冲突)”可知，拉斯维加斯球体是2020年代过度使用的终极象征，同时也是我们气候目标与我们似乎永不满足的物质欲望之间即将发生的冲突的象征。因此，作者提到拉斯维加斯球体是为了表达一种担忧。故选D。
2. 词句猜测题。根据划线词后文的句子“Today’s car engines require less fuel, even though Americans on average now drive longer distances in heavier cars. However, the bad news is that the Jevons Paradox seems to be hard-wired into us. There are few examples throughout history of people willingly consuming less energy, either for moral or environmental reasons. (今天的汽车发动机需要更少的燃料，尽管美国人现在平均驾驶更重的汽车行驶更远的距离。然而，坏消息是，杰文斯悖论似乎与我们根深蒂固。纵观历史，人们出于道德或环境原因愿意减少能源消耗的例子很少)”可知，在某些情况下，效率的提高是如此之大，即使我们对新事物的贪得无厌的胃口也不能完全否定它们。因此，划线词与D选项“Wipe out(勾销，去除)”意思接近。故选D。
3. 推理判断题。根据第三段中“There’s an economic term for this: the Jevons Paradox, named for the 19th-century English economist William Stanley Jevons, who noticed that as steam engines became ever more efficient, Britain’s appetite for coal increased rather than decreased. The logic of Jevons is that instead of banking the efficiency savings we make as technology advances, we go out and spend it. (对此有一个经济学术语：杰文斯悖论(Jevons Paradox)，以19世纪英国经济学家威廉·斯坦利·杰文斯(William Stanley Jevons)的名字命名。他注意到，随着蒸汽机的效率越来越高，英国对煤炭的需求非但没有减少，反而增加了。杰文斯的逻辑是，我们不是把随着技术进步而节省下来的效率存起来，而是走出去花掉)”可知，随着技术的进步，能源消耗实际上在增长，而不是减少。特别是提到了杰文斯悖论（Jevons Paradox），即随着蒸汽机等技术的效率提高，能源消耗并没有减少，反而因为商品变得更加便宜和高效而增加了。因此，我们可以得出结论，能源消耗随着技术的进步而增长。故选C。
4. 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“A more innovative answer comes from Rob West, founder and chief executive of Thunder Said Energy. Having spent years documenting the Jevons Paradox and finding it far more widespread than economists predicted, he thinks the best hope we have is to fight Jevons with Jevons. That means applying the idea that consumption increases as goods become cheaper and more efficient to our production of energy. In other words, the future lies not in rationing (定量供应) energy and hoping humans suddenly change their behavior, but in ensuring any energy we use is as green and attractive as possible. (来自Thunder Said Energy的创始人兼首席执行官罗布·韦斯特（Rob West）给出了一个更具创新性的答案。他花了几年的时间来记录杰文斯悖论（Jevons Paradox），并发现这个悖论比经济学家预测的要普遍得多。他认为，我们最好的希望就是用杰文斯悖论来对抗杰文斯悖论。这意味着，随着商品变得更加便宜和高效，消费也会增加，我们将这种思想应用到能源生产中。换句话说，未来不在于对能源进行配给，并希望人类突然改变他们的行为，而在于确保我们使用的任何能源都尽可能地绿色和吸引人)”可知，Rob West认为对抗杰文斯悖论的最好希望是用杰文斯悖论本身来对抗它，这意味着应用商品变得更便宜和更高效时消费增加的观念到我们的能源生产上。这意味着未来的出路不在于定量供应能源和寄望于人类突然改变行为，而在于确保我们使用的任何能源都尽可能环保和吸引人。因此，他认为提高能源效率是解决问题的关键。故选A。
Passage 12
（23-24高二下·山东青岛·期末）Researchers from The University of Queensland (UQ) have helped design a new app to protect birds at risk of extinction across the world by eliminating (消除) language barriers among scientists. The Bird Language Diversity web app will help provide a “birds eye view”, ensuring vital information is shared to improve worldwide conservation.
Dr Pablo Negret said the research team analyzed more than 10,000 bird species, and found that 1,587 species have 10 languages or more spoken within their distributions, “Scientific information on species can be spread across different languages, but valuable information can go missing or get lost in translation,” Dr Negret said. “Without enough sharing of information, this can affect the effectiveness of conservation measures.”
Take the common bird Pochard for example. It is classified as vulnerable species (易危种) and crosses 108 countries in Europe, Asia and north Africa, where a total of 75 official languages are spoken. The survival of the common Pochard, and so many other species, depends on effective cooperation and policy agreements among people with diverse linguistic and cultural backgrounds.
This app reveals where threatened and migratory birds exist geographically, in relation to the human language spoken in those regions. “We hope the app will encourage researchers and conservation organizations to interact with their peers in other regions, especially if they speak different languages, and be a starting point to allow everyone to work together to protect threatened species,” Dr Negret said.
Dr Tatsuya Amano, a researcher and the co-author of the paper, said this work could extend further than bird species. “Any species, whether they're mammals, amphibians (两栖动物), or plants, with a range crossing multiple countries will be impacted by language barriers, as well as species that migrate across different countries, such as marine species and butterflies,” he said. “the impact of poor communication on such an important issue is evident, and it is the reason why we're working hard to improve science communication across languages.”
1. For what purpose is the app developed
A．To improve worldwide conservation B．To educate people about bird species.
C．To collect more bird information. D．To promote the bird diversity worldwide.
2. Why is bird Pochard mentioned in the text
A．To present valuable information collected about the bird.
B．To highlight the clear communication in its conservation
C．To attract people with various linguistic and cultural backgrounds.
D．To show the achievements of the scientists from different countries.
3. What is shown on the app
A．The producer of the app. B．The organizations involved.
C．The information of new geographers. D．The location of endangered birds.
4. What can be the best title for the text
A．Birds Protection Is an Urgency B．A New Bird App Helps Learn Languages
C．A New Bird App Spreads Its Wings D．Poor Communication Impacts Cooperation
【答案】1. A 2. B 3. D 4. C
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲述了昆士兰大学的研究人员设计了一款新的应用程序，该应用程序通过消除科学家之间的语言障碍，来保护全球濒临灭绝的鸟类。
1. 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“The Bird Language Diversity web app will help provide a “birds eye view”, ensuring vital information is shared to improve worldwide conservation.”（这款鸟类语言多样性的网络应用程序将有助于提供一个“鸟瞰”视角，确保分享重要信息以改善全球保护。）可推知，这款应用程序的开发目的是为了改善全球的保护。故选A。
2. 推理判断题。根据文章第二段中“The Bird Language Diversity web app will help provide a “birds eye view”, ensuring vital information is shared to improve worldwide conservation.”（鸟类语言多样性网络应用程序将有助于提供“鸟瞰”，确保重要信息共享，以改善全球保护。）以及第三段“Take the common bird Pochard for example. It is classified as vulnerable species (易危种) and crosses 108 countries in Europe, Asia and north Africa, where a total of 75 official languages are spoken. The survival of the common Pochard, and so many other species, depends on effective cooperation and policy agreements among people with diverse linguistic and cultural backgrounds.”（以普通的Pochard为例。它被分类为易危物种，并穿越欧洲、亚洲和北非的108个国家，这些国家共有75种官方语言。普通Pochard的生存，以及许多其他物种的生存，都依赖于具有多元语言和文化背景的人们之间的有效合作和政策协议。）可推知，Pochard在文中的提及是为了强调在其保护中的清晰沟通。故选B。
3. 细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“This app reveals where threatened and migratory birds exist geographically, in relation to the language spoken in those regions.”（该应用程序揭示了受威胁鸟类和候鸟的地理位置，以及这些地区的语言。）可知，该应用程序显示了受威胁的候鸟地理上的位置，以及这些地区的语言。故选D。
4. 主旨大意题。通读全文呢，尤其根据第一段“Researchers from The University of Queensland (UQ) have helped design a new app to protect birds at risk of extinction across the world by eliminating language barriers among scientists. The Bird Language Diversity web app will help provide a “birds eye view”, ensuring vital information is shared to improve worldwide conservation.”（昆士兰大学的研究人员帮助设计了一款新的应用程序，通过消除科学家之间的语言障碍，保护全世界面临灭绝风险的鸟类。鸟类语言多样性网络应用程序将有助于提供“鸟瞰视图”，确保重要信息共享，以改善全球保护。）可知，这篇文章主要是介绍了一款新的应用程序，这款应用程序通过消除科学家之间的语言障碍，来保护全球濒临灭绝的鸟类。因此，C选项“一款新的鸟类应用程序展开翅膀”最能概括文章的主题。故选C。
Passage 13
（23-24高二下·浙江湖州·期末）A report by World Wildlife Fund (WWF) is calling for urgent efforts to strengthen regulation of the seafood sector, fearing that the love for seafood is killing off dozens of species that rely on it for food.
Kate Norgrove, Executive Director of Advocacy and Campaigns at WWF-UK, said: “The ocean is the blue heart of our planet and we ignore its health at our peril. Protecting this precious resource should be the top priority of every single fishery around the world.”
The report, titled “Risky Seafood Business”, has quantified (确定……的数量) the total volume of seafood eaten by Britons for the first time. It claims that in 2019, 887,000 tonnes of seafood was eaten by people in the UK — the equivalent (等量物) of 5.2 billion portions of fish and chips. Whitefish, including haddock and cod, accounted for almost a third of the fish consumed. The vast majority of this seafood was fished or farmed outside of UK waters.
The report looked at the supply chains of 33 popular seafood items, including haddock, trout, and mussels. Some of these species were found to be relatively low risk in terms of production and consumption. However, others — including swordfish, tuna, and some crab species — were assessed as a high risk across multiple areas, including climate and ecosystem impacts. Across all species groups, more than 250 Endangered, Threatened and Protected (ETP) species have been directly impacted by fisheries supplying UK markets, according to the report. This includes whales, dolphins, seabirds, and sharks.
Based on the findings, WWF is calling for a “concerted and collaborative effort” to address these issues and to ensure all of the seafood produced and consumed in the UK comes from sustainable sources by 2030.
If you’re trying to be more sustainable, the Marine Conservation Society suggests there are several simple seafood swaps (替换物) you can make. This includes having mackerel instead of tuna, and farmed trout instead of salmon. Meanwhile, if you usually enjoy mussels, it may be more sustainable to go for prawns.
1. What can be inferred from what Kate Norgrove said
A．Protecting the ocean is the best choice of every single fishery.
B．Ignoring the health of the ocean will endanger our own well-being.
C．Protecting those precious resources is of great importance.
D．If we ignore our health, it will come at a great cost to our life.
2. According to Paragraph 3 and 4, what do we know about the report
A．Some species were found to be high risk in terms of production and consumption.
B．The vast majority of this seafood was fished or farmed in UK waters.
C．The total amount of seafood consumed in the UK equals the portions of fish and chips.
D．Over 250 species have been directly affected by fisheries supplying UK markets.
3. How are the facts stated in the report
A．By listing figures. B．By explaining reasons.
C．By introducing a concept. D．By making predictions.
4. What is the passage mainly about
A．Britain’s love for seafood is threatening many species in the ocean.
B．A WWF report calls on Britons to stop killing off species in the ocean.
C．WWF is urging immediate action on stronger seafood regulation.
D．Protecting the blue heart of our planet is a tough task.
【答案】1. B 2. D 3. A 4. C
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章讲述了炸鱼薯条是深受英国人喜爱的速食。然而世界野生生物基金会的一项研究现实，这一爱好对于海洋鱼类生物有着极大的负面影响。
1. 推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Kate Norgrove, Executive Director of Advocacy and Campaigns at WWF-UK, said: ‘The ocean is the blue heart of our planet and we ignore its health at our peril. Protecting this precious resource should be the top priority of every single fishery around the world.’ (世界自然基金会英国分会的宣传和运动执行主任凯特·诺格罗夫说:“海洋是我们星球的蓝色心脏，我们忽视了它的健康，我们将面临危险。”保护这一宝贵资源应该成为世界上每一个渔业的首要任务。”)”可知，凯特·诺格罗夫认为忽视海洋的健康，将会使我们人类面临危险。故选B。
2. 细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Across all species groups, more than 250 Endangered, Threatened and Protected(ETP) species have been directly impacted by fisheries supplying UK markets, according to the report. (报告称，在所有物种群中，超过250种濒危、受威胁和受保护物种直接受到供应英国市场的渔业的影响。)”可知，超过250种鱼类直接受到供应英国市场的渔业的影响。故选D。
3. 推理判断题。根据文章第三段“It claims that in 2019, 887,000 tonnes of seafood was eaten by people in the UK—the equivalent (等量物) of 5.2 billion portions of fish and chips. (该公司声称，2019年，英国人吃掉了88.7万吨海鲜，相当于52亿份炸鱼薯条。)”以及第四段“The report looked at the supply chains of 33 popular seafood items, including haddock, trout, and mussels. (该报告调查了33种受欢迎的海鲜产品的供应链，包括黑线鳕、鳟鱼和贻贝。)”可知，通过列数据的方式来阐述事实。故选A。
4. 主旨大意题。根据文章“A report by World Wildlife Fund(WWF) is calling for urgent efforts to strengthen regulation of the seafood sector, fearing that the love for seafood is killing off dozens of species that rely on it for food. (世界野生动物基金会的一份报告呼吁紧急加强对海产品行业的监管，担心人们对海产品的热爱正在杀死数十种以海产品为食的物种。)”可知，本文主要讲述的是世界自然基金会敦促立即采取行动，加强海产品监管。故选C。
Passage 14
（23-24高二下·上海浦东新·阶段练习）At Cleveland Bridge, in Bath, a long line of traffic is building up. Although the Georgian structure was praised for its handsome Greek Revival style by Nikolaus Pevsner, an architectural master, it was built for horses, not cars. Repairs will close the bridge for several months, causing bigger jams and more pollution in a city where air quality is already a cause of concern.
Bath is an extreme example of a tradeoff faced by much of the country. Britain has the oldest housing stock in Europe, with one in five homes more than 100 years old. Period features are valued and often protected by law. Yet as efforts to cut carbon emissions intensify, they are contradicting attempts to preserve heritage. It is a “delicate balance” says Wera Hobhouse, Bath’s Member of Parliament (议员) “What is the public benefit of dealing with the climate emergency, versus protecting a heritage asset ”
Two years ago, Bath was among the first British cities to declare a “climate emergency” when it also promised to go carbon-neutral by 2030. Yet Bath also wants—and is legally required to preserve its heritage. With Roman remains and Georgian streets that spread across the Avon Valley in shades of honey and butter, the city is designated a world heritage site by UNESCO. About 60% of it is further protected by the government as a conservation area, more than 5,000 of Bath’s buildings—nearly 10% of the total—are listed as being of special architectural or historical interest, making it a criminal offence to alter them without permission.
Many of the features that make Bath’s Georgian buildings so delicate also make them leaky. Buildings of traditional construction make up 30% of Bath’s housing stock but take up 40% of domestic carbon emissions, according to the Centre for Sustainable Energy, a charity. British homes are rated for energy efficiency on a scale from A to G; most traditional buildings in the city are an F or G.
Transport is another area where climate and heritage clash. Bath’s 17th-century streets lack room for bike lanes. Joanna Wright was recently relieved of her role as Bath’s climate chief after proposing that North Road, which leads to the university, should be closed to traffic. In two years she was unable to install any on-street electric-vehicle charging points, partly because of the “nightmare” of getting permission to dig up old pavements.
All this means going carbon neutral by 2030 looks hard, but the city is at least beginning to make compromises. In March it launched the first “clean-air zone” outside London, charging drivers to enter central Bath. A trial has made 160 electric motoreycles available to hire. And local opinion seems to be shifting in favour of sustainability. “The discussion has moved dramatically towards considering the climate emergency,” says Ms. Hobhouse.
1. What problem does Bath face
A．It is getting more and more crowded due to the maintenance work underway.
B．Its housing stock with a long history are being altered without authorization.
C．Its historical significance makes it hard to be reformed into an eco-friendly city.
D．Its promise to go carbon-neutral by 2030 is greeted with doubt from its citizens.
2. The percentage mentioned in the underlined sentence (Paragraph 4) is intended to _________.
A．highlight the long history of Bath’s building complex
B．show the low energy efficiency of the historic buildings
C．illustrate the delicate features that Bath’s buildings share
D．challenge the validity and credibility of the A-G scale
3. Why was Joanna Wright removed from her position
A．She proposed the North Road not be accessible to the public.
B．She failed to solve the conflict between transport and heritage.
C．She stood right in the way of the heritage preservation efforts.
D．She struggled to get authorized to dig up those old pavements.
4. What can be inferred from the passage
A．Wera Hobhouse keeps a balance between public benefit and heritage protection.
B．Traditional buildings in Bath are not available to visitors not having permits.
C．Bath has been setting the pace for the construction of a carbon-neutral city.
D．Local people in Bath used to favor heritage conservation over sustainability.
【答案】1. C 2. B 3. B 4. D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了巴斯的历史建筑遗产与气候之间产生冲突，在保护遗产资源的同时，应采取方法应对气候的紧急情况。
1. 细节理解题。根据第一段“Repairs will close the bridge for several months, causing bigger jams and more pollution in a city where air quality is already a cause of concern.(修复工作将使大桥关闭数月，在这个空气质量已经令人担忧的城市造成更大的堵塞和更多的污染)”和第二段“Bath is an extreme example of a tradeoff faced by much of the country. Britain has the oldest housing stock in Europe, with one in five homes more than 100 years old. Period features are prized and often protected by law. Yet as efforts to cut carbon emissions intensify, they are clashing with attempts to preserve heritage. It is a “delicate balance” says Wera Hobhouse, Bath’s Member of Parliament (议员)(巴斯是该国大部分地区面临权衡取舍的一个极端例子。英国拥有欧洲最古老的房屋，五分之一的房屋超过了100年。时代特征受到重视，通常受到法律保护。然而，随着减少碳排放的努力加强，它们与保护遗产的努力发生了冲突。巴斯的国会议员维拉·霍布豪斯说，这是一种“微妙的平衡”)”可知，巴斯的历史意义使得它很难改造成一个生态友好型城市。故选C项。
2. 推理判断题。根据第四段“Many of the features that make Bath’s Georgian buildings so delicate also make them leaky. Buildings of traditional construction make up 30% of Bath’s housing stock but account for 40% of domestic carbon emissions, according to the Centre for Sustainable Energy, a charity.(巴斯格鲁吉亚建筑的许多特点使其如此精致，也使其存在漏洞。根据一个慈善机构，可持续能源中心的数据，传统建筑占巴斯住房存量的30%，但占国内碳排放量的40%)”
