适用于新高考新教材天津专版2024届高考英语总复习语法专题突破专题1-10外研版 课件（共10份）

(共25张PPT)
语法专题突破
专题一 名词和冠词
英 语
增素能 精准突破
[真题语境]
1.(2019·天津3月卷)People believe writing poems provides a ______through which they can express their feelings.
A.shelter B.source
C.channel D.background
2.(2018·天津卷)The ______that there is life on other planets in the universe has always inspired scientists to explore the outer space.
A.advice B.order
C.possibility D.invitation
C
C
3.(2018·天津3月卷)Can we stop the ______of the world's deserts and save the land that man depends so much on
A.loss B.heat
C.spread D.defence
4.(2017·天津3月卷)The newspaper gave an accurate ______of what happened the night before last.
A.example B.display
C.signal D.account
C
D
[用法点拨]
1.名词词义辨析
(1)易混形近词
sign记号;征兆　signal信号　symbol象征
source源头,根源　resource资源
award奖(品)　reward回报,报酬
accident意外事故　incident发生的事情
aspect方面　impact影响
exception例外　expectation预期;盼望
reference参考;查阅　preference偏爱;爱好
(2)近义词
power权力,力量　force力量;武力　strength力气,毅力　ability能力　energy精力 exercise锻炼;习题　practice实践;练习　workout锻炼
mistake错误(常用语)　error错误(正式)　fault过失;故障;缺点
sight视力;情景　view(从某处看到的)景象　scene场面,情景;景象(可数)　scenery自然风景(总称,不可数) cause起因(后接of)　
reason(某种行为的)原因(后接for)　excuse借口;辩解(后接of)
event大事　affair公共事务　case具体情况;事例　accident意外;事故
advantage优势　benefit优势;益处　interest(s)利益
favor特别照顾;偏袒　profit收益;利润 damage损失;损害　
harm伤害,损害　hurt(身体或精神上的)伤害　injury(身体上的)伤害,损伤
2.冠词与名词的搭配
(1)a(n)用在名词前,泛指“一个”。a后接辅音音素开头的单数可数名词,an后接元音音素开头的单数可数名词。
(2)the表示特指,可与单数可数名词、复数名词或不可数名词放在一起使用。
3.零冠词在固定搭配中的使用
(1)turn+零冠词+单数可数名词
turn teacher成为一名教师
(2)零冠词+单数名词+as/though+主语+谓语
Expert as/though he is... 尽管他是位专家……
(3)名词+介词+名词
hand in hand 手拉手
测效果·课堂评价
一、练基础:单项填空
1.(2022·天津南开高三一模)The ______on Sarah's face told me that she got annoyed.
A.confidence B.expression
C.appearance D.impression
2.The signing of this contract will ease the current ______, which might bring an end to conflicts between the new companies.
A.tension B.regulation
C.process D.affection
B
A
3.(2022·天津新华中学高三统练)As expected, the boy who shows great ______in playing badminton has been admitted to the sport university for his talent.
A.requirement B.respect
C.addition D.promise
4.(2022·天津河西高三一模)To fight against global warming, scientists are working on energy-saving measures to reduce fuel ______.
A.consumption B.collection
C.commitment D.distribution
D
A
5.(2022·天津和平高三一模)We've always regarded Dr.Smith as a man of integrity and high professional ______.
A.interest B.attitude
C.competence D.consequence
6.(2021·天津河西一模)What was Jeff's ______to the news that he was chosen to be chairman of the students' union
A.reaction B.impression
C.permission D.conclusion
7.(2021·天津河北一模)Try to understand what's actually happening instead of acting on the ______you've made.
A.assignment B.association
C.acquisition D.assumption
C
A
D
8.I'm never going to guess the answer if you don't give me a ______.
A.relief B.clue
C.route D.preview
9.I got mad at Peter because he always found ______with me.
A.error B.failure
C.blame D.fault
10.—What did he do in return for free ______and food offered by the kind couple
—He helped their son with his lessons.
A.conservation B.admission
C.accommodation D.immigration
B
D
C
11.It came as a great ______to the parents that their son finally came back safe and sound.
A.relief B.sense
C.relaxation D.favor
12.After leaving his home as a young man to seek his ______, Millsaps joined the army in 1883.
A.recreation B.fortune
C.expectation D.reputation
13.At the meeting they discussed three different ______to the study of mathematics.
A.approaches B.means
C.methods D.ways
A
B
A
14.He missed ______gold in the high jump, but will get ______second chance in the long jump.
A.the; the B./;a
C.the; a D.a;/
15.People develop ______preference for a particular style of learning at ______early age and these preferences affect learning.
A.a;an B.a;/
C./;the D.the;an
16.Sam has been appointed ______manager of the engineering department to take ______place of George.
A./;/ B.the;/
C.the;the D./;the
C
A
D
17.—Could you tell me the way to ______Johnson's, please
—Sorry, we don't have ______Johnson here in the village.
A.the;the B.the;a
C./;the D.the;/
18.I wanted to catch ______early train, but couldn't get ______ride to the station.
A.an;the B./;the
C.an;/ D.the;a
19.First impressions are the most lasting.After all, you never get ______ second chance to make ______first impression.
A.a;the B.the;the
C.a;a D.the;a
B
D
C
20.We all know that ______man is the only creature that has developed ______ power of speech.
A./;the B.the;the
C./;a D.the;a
21.______ village where I was born has grown into ______town.
A.The;a B.A;the
C.The;the D.A;a
22.______ wounded are being taken good care of now.
A.The B.A
C.An D./
A
A
A
二、练语篇:完形填空
(2020·天津和平二模)
The phrase “take a penny, leave a penny” may not have been created by 14-year-old Nomaan Bilal, but he's taken it to a whole new level.
Bilal collected quite a few pennies and 　1　 them with organizations helping people in need.With mostly pocket change, Bilal 　2　 a total of $4,150 from neighbors, family and friends.He donated it all to a district-run program for 　3　 disadvantaged families.The organizations used the donations to purchase and 　4　 gift cards for about 20 families.
While finishing his first year of high school online, Bilal started collecting 　5　 change he found.Through the Internet,Bilal and his mother, Nadia Pervez, got the 　6　 out, and soon plenty of people were stopping by to 　7　 bags upon bags of change.Every day, Bilal devoted most of his spare time to 　8　 and hand-rolling coins.Eventually, a stranger heard about his 　9　 and contacted Pervez to donate a coin sorter, which has made the 　10　 quicker and easier.
Roseann Miceli, executive director of a charity organization, called Bilal's efforts 　11　 and unprecedented(前所未有的).Miceli will buy more gift cards with the rest of Bilal's fund-raising, which continues to 　12　.She said the families were so appreciative,“They would be 　13　 out their windows, ‘Thank you so much.'”Miceli wanted Bilal to know that he's made a big difference with small change.The idea came to her while she was 　14　 the donations from his house.“I think a‘thank-you'and a wave 　15　 the door 6 feet away with a face mask are not enough for this kid who has been 　16　 pennies for the past 20 days,” Miceli said.She organized a “thank-you parade” to drive past Bilal's house.Cars lined the street,with the drivers all waving, holding signs and shouting “thank you” from a social 　17　 .
“I was just 　18　 at how many people should come out of their way just to see me,” he said.One of the parade participants gave Bilal a handmade sign that 　19　:“Bilal is our hero.”
“It shows that one person can make a difference and how such a small effort can turn into such a big thing,” he said, “and that my community is very helpful and thoughtful throughout these 　20　 times.”
1.A.saved B.left C.gathered D.provided
2.A.raised B.made C.expected D.created
3.A.mentally B.physically C.financially D.socially
4.A.receive B.deliver C.pick D.apply
5.A.slight B.simple C.certain D.loose
6.A.word B.promise C.truth D.news
7.A.drop off B.put away C.leave out D.pass out
8.A.counting B.balancing C.sorting D.marking
9.A.attitude B.efforts C.choice D.task
10.A.routine B.business C.process D.method
11.A.modest B.convenient C.available D.generous
12.A.grow B.move C.return D.expand
13.A.waving B.nodding C.coming D.screaming
14.A.giving out B.picking up C.taking out D.giving away
15.A.beyond B.across C.through D.by
16.A.earning B.managing C.studying D.rolling
17.A.distance B.movement C.order D.scene
18.A.shocked B.surprised C.curious D.relieved
19.A.carried B.offered C.said D.showed
20.A.pleasant B.essential C.inspiring D.tough
答案与解析
1.B　解析:Bilal收集了一些硬币并且把钱留给那些帮助贫困者的组织。leave sth with sb“把某物留给某人”。
2.A　解析:Bilal从邻居、家人和朋友那里筹集了4,150美元,大多数都是零钱。
3.C　解析:他把钱捐给了一个由地区经营的帮助经济困难家庭的项目。
4.B　解析:这些组织用捐款购买礼品卡并送给大约20个家庭。
5.D　解析:当Bilal在线上完成了高中第一年的学业后,他开始收集他找到的零钱。loose change“零钱”。
6.A　解析:通过网络,他和母亲把消息传了出去,不久就有很多人送来一袋袋的零钱。word“信息,消息”。
7.A　解析:此处指很多人送来一袋袋零钱。故选A项。drop off“顺便将……送到”;put away“放好”;leave out“遗漏”;pass out“昏倒”。
8.C　解析:每天,他都花费大部分的空闲时间分拣和卷硬币。
9.B　解析:一个陌生人听说了他的努力(efforts),联系了他母亲并捐给他一台硬币分拣机。
10.C　解析:由于有了硬币分拣机,分拣过程(process)就变得快速、轻松起来。
11.D　解析:Roseann Miceli是一家慈善机构的执行董事,她认为Bilal的努力是慷慨的且前所未有的。
12.A　解析:她会用Bilal筹集的剩余的钱买更多的礼品卡。他筹集的钱还在不断增长中。
13.D　解析:她说那些(得到帮助的)家庭非常感激。他们会大声喊出“非常感谢你”。
14.B　解析:当她从Bilal家里取捐款时有了这个想法。
15.C　解析:Miceli认为,对这个过去20天来一直在卷硬币的孩子来说,戴着口罩在6英尺之外的门口对他说声谢谢并挥一挥手是不够的。
16.D　解析:这里指将收集的零钱卷起来包好。roll“卷,绕”。
17.A　解析:街道旁排列着汽车,司机们都在挥手,举着标语,离着一段距离喊着“谢谢”。
18.B　解析:这里是说Bilal很惊讶,竟然有那么多人特地跑过来看他。
19.C　解析:其中一名游行参与者送给Bilal一个手工制作的标牌,上面写着“Bilal是我们的英雄”。标牌上写的内容要用say或者read来表达。
20.D　解析:此处表示在这些艰难的时刻,“我”的社区帮了许多忙并且十分体贴周到。(共29张PPT)
语法专题突破
专题二 形容词和副词
英 语
增素能 精准突破
[真题语境]
1.(2021·天津卷)The police searched the area for several days.______, they found the piece of evidence they were looking for.
A.Generally B.Originally
C.Eventually D.Unfortunately
2.(2021·天津卷)It's a good idea to choose a(n) ______destination, in case your first-choice tourist spot is not available.
A.annual B.exact
C.alternative D.pleasant
3.(2019·天津3月卷)Even though we live in a high-tech age, it's still impossible to predict the weather ______.
A.actively B.accurately
C.cautiously D.originally
C
C
B
4.(2017·天津卷)—I want to see Mr.White.We have an appointment.
—I'm sorry, but he is not ______at the moment, for the meeting hasn't ended.
A.busy B.active
C.concerned D.available
5.(2017·天津3月卷)John belongs to that club, whose members meet ______to discuss social issues and share ideas and thoughts.
A.regularly B.originally
C.gradually D.immediately
6.(2017·天津3月卷)We know you care about your home and family.______ you wouldn't be reading Ideal Home.
A.Therefore B.Otherwise
C.Instead D.Meanwhile
D
A
B
[用法点拨]
一、形容词和副词的基本用法
1.形容词和副词的句法功能
(1)形容词在句中作定语、表语、补语和状语(说明主语的状态、性质和特征等)。
Optimistic,she is the sort of lady to spread sunshine to people through her smile.
乐观的她是那种通过微笑把阳光传递给他人的女士。
(2)副词在句中作状语, 修饰动词(短语)、形容词、副词、介词短语和句子等。
Every soldier fought bravely and well.
每个士兵都英勇作战。
2.常用的连接性副词
(1)though一般用于句末, 意为 “然而, 可是”, 表示转折。
(2)besides意为 “此外, 而且”, 表示递进。
(3)meanwhile意为 “在此期间, 与此同时”, 表示两个动作同时发生。
(4)however意为 “然而”, 表示让步和转折, 常用逗号与句子其他成分隔开。
(5)therefore/thus/consequently意为 “因此, 所以”, 表示结果。
(6)instead意为 “反而, 却”, 表示相反。
(7)moreover/furthermore/additionally意为 “此外”, 表示承接关系。
(8)anyway/anyhow意为 “尽管, 即使这样”, 表示让步。
二、比较等级的用法
1.比较等级用法的固定句型
(1)同级比较: as+形容词/副词的原级+as。其否定形式是 “not as/so+形容词/副词的原级+as”。
Although he was disabled, he tried to lead as normal a life as possible.
虽然他是残疾人, 但他尽可能过着正常的生活。
(2)比较级结构: 形容词/副词的比较级+than; more/less+多音节或某些双音节的形容词或副词+than。常见的修饰比较级的词有any、much、even、far、by far、a lot、a great deal等。
The book is far more interesting than the books I have ever read.
这本书比我从前读过的书都要有趣得多。
(3)最高级结构: the+形容词的最高级(+名词)+比较范围(in/of/among短语); one of the+形容词的最高级+名词复数。常用来修饰最高级的词有by far、almost以及序数词等。
Time is the most precious of all things.
时间是一切事物中最宝贵的。
2.比较级的常用句型
(1)结构 “比较级+and+比较级” 或 “more and more+原级” 表示 “越来越……”。
The tickets are getting less and less expensive here.
这里的票越来越便宜了。
(2)结构 “the+比较级..., the+比较级...” 表示 “越……, 就越……”。
The more you listen and read, the better you write and speak.
你听和读涉及得越多, 你写和说就发挥得越好。
(3)结构 “the+比较级+of+代词/the+名词” 表示 “(两者中)较……的”。
Iron is the more useful of the two.
铁是两者中比较有用的。
3.比较级形式表达最高级的含义
(1)结构 “否定词+比较级” 表示最高级含义。
Your story is perfect; I've never heard a better one before.
你的故事太完美了, 我从未听过比这更好的故事。
(2)比较级在以下几种结构中均表示最高级含义:
①比较级+than+any other+可数名词单数;
②比较级+than+all the other+可数名词复数;
③比较级+than+any of the other+可数名词复数。
The Yangtze River is longer than any other river/than all the other rivers/than any of the other rivers in China.
长江比中国的其他任何一条河都长。
4.倍数表达法
常见的倍数表达句型主要有:
(1)A is+倍数+比较级+than+B
(2)A is+倍数+as+原级+as+B
(3)A is+倍数+the+名词(size、length、height等)+of+B
(4)A is+倍数+what引导的名词性从句
Smoking is harmful to people’s health, killing about several times more people each year than traffic accidents.
吸烟有害健康, 每年吸烟致死的人数是交通事故致死的人数的好几倍。
测效果·课堂评价
一、练基础:单项填空
1.(2022·天津新华中学高三统练)As soon as the shoes that the boy wanted to buy were ______in the store, the salesgirl called him.
A.available B.possible C.present D.convenient
2.(2022·天津河东高三一模)Compared with his brother,Bob is even more ______to emotional problems.
A.skeptical B.addicted C.sensitive D.available
3.(2022·天津河西一模)Mary used to be shy, but is ______getting active in group work and is now willing to express herself.
A.frequently B.merely C.gradually D.normally
A
C
C
4.(2022·天津和平高三一检)In ______emergencies, first aid may prevent the victim's condition from worsening and provide relief from pain.
A.minor B.severe
C.unique D.certain
5.(2022·天津滨海重点学校高三一模)—Mom, I got an A in the maths exam last week!
—______! May you make ______progress!
A.Congratulation; even great
B.Congratulations; much great
C.Congratulate; much greater
D.Congratulations; even greater
A
D
6.(2022·天津新华中学高三统练)This hat looks more beautiful than that one which costs almost twice ______.
A.as much B.as many
C.so much D.so many
7.—How much is the sweater ______
—55 dollars.
A.worth B.cost
C.worthy D.paid
8.At first Robert wouldn't let his daughter go diving, but ______he gave in as she was so confident about her skills.
A.surprisingly B.typically
C.eventually D.carefully
A
A
C
9.—It's a long journey.My car couldn't make it.
—You can drive my car.It's quite old, but it's still pretty ______.
A.reliable B.convenient
C.reasonable D.available
10.Each spring the apple tree in my garden blossoms so ______that the air becomes filled with the sweet smell.
A.abundantly B.approximately
C.apparently D.automatically
11.The fact that he didn't speak a foreign language put him at a(n) ______disadvantage.
A.remote B.distinct
C.identical D.greedy
A
A
B
12.There is only a ______chance that anyone survived the crash.
A.slim B.thin
C.noble D.flexible
13.The company is required to make its accounts as ______as possible for its staff to monitor the use of money.
A.transparent B.reasonable
C.secure D.formal
14.All color fades, ______under the impact of direct sunlight.
A.especially B.eventually
C.appropriately D.merely
A
A
A
15.I've never seen such a table before.It is ______it is long.
A.half not as wide as B.wide not as half as
C.not half as wide as D.as wide as not half
16.It may not be a great suggestion.But before ______is put forward, we'll make do with it.
A.a good one B.a better one
C.the best one D.a best one
C
B
17.—How is everything going on with you in Europe
—Quite well.Not so smoothly as I hoped, ______.
A.though B.instead
C.either D.too
18.Studies show that people are more ______to suffer from back problems if they always sit before computer screens for long hours.
A.likely B.possible
C.probable D.sure
A
A
“Oswa kitonga Did you get the vaccine (疫苗) yet ”
My 　1　 of Lingala—the language spoken in the northwest of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC)—is still very poor, but the most important 　2　 I have already learned. The children proudly 　3　 me their fingernails, which have been painted black to 　4　 them as already vaccinated.　5　 I move on, they are still calling me:“Mundele, mundele!” This is the way I am 　6　 everywhere these days.“Mundele” means “white” in Lingala and after all, it doesn't happen very often that a mundele arrives in this 　7　 of the deep Congolese forest.
二、练语篇:完形填空
A severe measles (麻疹) epidemic has been 　8　 in the DRC since early 2019.And, as of early March 2020, 334,578 people have been sick and 6,338 have died. The number of unreported 　9　 is probably much higher though. In 　10　, MSF (无国界医生) is working in various regions of the country to fight back against measles—a disease so easily 　11　 with vaccines. Our 　12　 is to vaccinate all children between six months and 14 years old, living in the areas still being badly 　13　 by measles—that is approximately 23,000 people!
I've been on my feet since 5 a.m. and on my motorcycle for almost seven hours—after we first 　14　 the Tshuapa River in a boat in the early morning. It is a swampy forest,full of small streams.The path is narrow and uneven; branches and plants stretch far,scratching my arms,　15　 my knee and helmet. From time to time, there is even a whole tree trunk that 　16　 the way. Or, just like here, a bridge made of tree trunks 　17　 which each“moto” has to pass individually. While we are waiting for the last motos to 　18　, a woman from the next village comes by. When she hears about our vaccination campaign,she bursts into tears, telling us about her five children have already been infected with measles. She begs us to vaccinate the 　19　 ones. I am deeply moved and 　20　 her that we will vaccinate all of her children, each of them!
1.A.grade B.layer C.level D.study
2.A.vocabulary B.prayer C.key D.character
3.A.tell B.show C.expose D.hide
4.A.refer B.believe C.identify D.purchase
5.A.Since B.Because C.Now that D.As
6.A.stopped B.greeted C.chased D.accepted
7.A.corner B.cottage C.bottom D.way
8.A.transferring B.changing C.blooding D.spreading
9.A.diseases B.children C.cases D.crimes
10.A.response B.line C.turn D.return
11.A.preventable B.curable C.clear D.approvable
12.A.thought B.offer C.goal D.advice
13.A.hurt B.affected C.injured D.wanted
14.A.floated B.headed C.watched D.crossed
15.A.hitting B.catching C.breaking D.shaking
16.A.blows B.leads C.frees D.blocks
17.A.on B.above C.over D.beneath
18.A.board B.transform C.pass D.come
19.A.remaining B.lively C.dying D.positive
20.A.prove B.promise C.demonstrate D.persuade
答案与解析
1.C　解析:句意:我的林加拉语(刚果民主共和国西北部使用的语言)水平仍然很差。grade“成绩,年级”;layer“层,层次”;level“水平”;study“研究,书房”。
2.A　解析:句意:但是我已经学会了最重要的词汇。vocabulary“词汇”; prayer“祈祷,祷告”;key“关键,钥匙,答案”;character“性格,字符,角色”。
3.B　解析:句意:孩子们自豪地向我展示他们涂成黑色的指甲。tell“告诉,分辨”;show“展示”;expose“暴露,揭露”;hide“隐藏”。
4.C　解析:句意:孩子们自豪地向我展示他们涂成黑色的指甲,以表明他们已经接种了疫苗。identify“确认,鉴定”。
5.D　解析:句意:当我继续前行时,他们仍在呼唤我。since“既然”; because“因为”;now that“既然”;as“当……时”。
6.B　解析:句意:这是这些天我在每个地方受到欢迎的方式。stop“停止”; greet“问候,欢迎”;chase“追逐”;accept“接受”。
7.A　解析:根据it doesn't happen very often及the deep Congolese forest可知选corner,意为“(偏僻或难以到达的)区域”。
8.D　解析:句意:自2019年初以来,一场严重的麻疹疫情一直在刚果民主共和国蔓延。transfer“转让,移交”;change“改变”;blood“流血”;spread“传播,使蔓延”。
9.C　解析:句意:然而,未报告的病例数量可能要多得多。disease“疾病”; child“儿童”;case“情况,病例,案例”;crime“罪行,犯罪活动”。
10.A　解析:句意:作为回应,无国界医生正在该国各个地区开展工作,抗击麻疹。in response“作为回应”;in line“成一直线”;in turn“依次,轮流”;in return“作为回报”。
11.A　解析:句意:这种疾病很容易用疫苗预防。疫苗的作用在于预防疾病而不是治疗疾病,故排除B项。preventable“可预防的”;curable“可治愈的”; clear“清楚的”;approvable“赞同的”。
12.C　解析:句意:我们的目标是为6个月至14岁的所有儿童接种疫苗,这些儿童生活在仍受麻疹严重影响的地区,大约有23,000人! thought “思想”; offer“提议”;goal“目标”;advice“建议”。由于无国界医生已经在当地开展疫苗接种行动,故不能选择建议或者提议。
13.B　解析:句意:我们的目标是为6个月至14岁的所有儿童接种疫苗,这些儿童生活在仍受麻疹严重影响的地区,大约有23,000人! hurt“损害”; affect“影响”;injure“受伤”;want“想要”。
14.D　解析:句意:从清晨5点起,我就一直赶路,从我们第一次在清晨坐船渡过楚阿帕河后,我已经骑摩托车骑了将近7个小时了。float“漂流,漂浮”; head“前进”;watch“观察”;cross“渡过”。
15.A　解析:句意:小路又窄又不平,树枝和植物伸展得很远,划伤了我的胳膊,撞到了我的膝盖和头盔。hit“击打,碰撞”;catch“抓住”;break“打破”; shake“摇动”。
16.D　解析:句意:有时甚至会有一整个树干挡住路。blow“吹”;lead“导致,领导”;free“使自由”;block“阻塞,阻碍”。
17.C　解析:句意:或者,就像这里,一座由树干组成的桥,每辆“摩托”都必须单独通过。由于是从桥上过,故选C项。
18.C　解析:句意:在我们等待最后一批摩托车驶过时,邻村的一位妇女来到这里。board“登船,登机”;transform“变换”;pass“通过”;come“来”。
19.A　解析:句意:她请求我们给剩下的孩子注射疫苗。remaining“剩下的”; lively“活泼的”;dying“垂死的”;positive“积极的,阳性的”。
20.B　解析:句意:我深受感动,并向她承诺,我们将为她所有的孩子接种疫苗,每一个孩子! prove“证明”;promise“保证”;demonstrate“证明,演示”; persuade“说服”。(共21张PPT)
语法专题突破
专题三 代词
英 语
增素能 精准突破
[真题语境]
(2018·天津3月卷)Professional skills are tools like a knife or a hammer.You need ______to complete the things you want to do.
A.it B.that C.them D.ones
C
[用法点拨]
1.one/ones/that/those/it/they/them表示替代
(1)one表示泛指,可还原为“a(n)+代指的名词”;ones表示泛指,可还原为所代指的名词复数;
(2)that表示特指,可还原为“the+代指的单数名词或不可数名词”;those表示特指,可还原为“the+代指的复数名词”;
(3)it表示特指,直接还原为代指的单数名词或不可数名词;they/them表示特指,直接还原为代指的复数名词。
2.another、the other(s)与other(s)
(1)another指三者或三者以上中的“另一个”“又一个”,可单独使用或后接单数可数名词;
(2)the other指特定的某人或某物之外的“另一个”“剩下的”,可单独使用或后接单数名词或复数名词;
(3)other后接复数名词或用复数形式others,表示泛指“别的人或物”;
(4)the others相当于“the other+复数名词”,指两部分中的“另一部分”。
3.none与nobody,nothing
(1)none表示数量,意为“一个也没有”“一点也没有”;
(2)nobody指主体或对象,意为“没有人”;
(3)nothing指主体或对象,意为“没有东西”。
4.anything but与nothing but
(1)anything but意为“绝不是”;
(2)nothing but意为“只有;只是;仅仅”。
5.it用作形式主语或形式宾语
6.反身代词的用法
(1)反身代词表示主语或宾语“本身”“自身”。
(2)反身代词用于固定短语
enjoy oneself玩得开心
devote oneself to... 致力于……
come to oneself苏醒过来
behave oneself规矩点
by oneself靠自己
测效果·课堂评价
一、练基础:单项填空
1.(2022·天津新华中学高三统练)—Bob isn't feeling very well today.He has caught a cold.
—Everybody seems to have ______,owing to the sudden change of weather.
A.one B.it C.that　 　　D.another
2.(2022·天津河东高三一模)I'm moving to the countryside because the air there is much fresher than ______in the city.
A.ones B.one C.that D.those
A
C
3.(2021·天津和平一模)—It is said that Frank is very rich and is always changing his private cars.What is he
—______ of a manager,I am not sure.
A.Somebody B.Anyone
C.Something D.Anything
4.—Shall I take this road or that one
—You can take ______if you are not in a hurry.
A.either B.neither
C.each D.both
5.Our company is seeking for a manager,especially ______with creativity and imagination.
A.the one B.each C.one D.that
C
A
C
6.(2021·天津河西二模)The quality of education in this small school is better than ______in some larger schools.
A.this B.one C.it D.that
7.—What do you think of the information from books
—It is easier to forget than ______from life itself.
A.the one B.it C.that D.those
8.The traffic on the main streets has a longer green signal than ______on the small ones.
A.one B.this C.it D.that
9.We had a picnic last term and it was a lot of fun,so let's have ______one this month.
A.the other B.some C.another D.other
D
C
D
C
10.The book is of great value.______ can be enjoyed unless you digest it.
A.Nothing B.Something
C.Everything D.Anything
11.—Have you figured out how much the trip will cost
—$4,000,or ______like that.
A.anything B.everything
C.something D.nothing
12.While I agree with most of what you said,I don't agree with ______.
A.something B.anything
C.everything D.nothing
A
C
C
13.______ is the power of TV that it can make a person suddenly famous.
A.Such B.This C.That D.So
14.I hate ______when people talk with their mouths full.
A.it B.that C.these D.them
15.You may depend on ______that they are of much value.
A.that B.these
C.it D.them
A
A
C
16.Visitors can imagine ______living 2000 years ago or 1000 years in the future.
A.their B.them
C.themselves D.theirs
C
二、练语篇:完形填空
After the summer holiday began last year,one Massachusetts boy started thinking about what he wanted to do during his free time.
　1　 asking to go to summer camp or go on vacation, 10-year-old Liam Hannon asked his dad, Scott Hannon,　2　 he could make bagged lunches and give them to the homeless all around Cambridge.“Liam has a huge 　3　,”Hannon said 　4　.“Plus, it was something nice we could do 　5　 as father and son and with my wife and baby.”
Soon after telling his father his plan,Liam started “Liam's Lunches of Love”, and started 　6　20 lunches each week. Liam 　7　 the experience of interacting (交流) with the homeless. He felt those homeless people he met were very friendly.“Many of the people we help are actually really 　8　 and just a little kindness matters in their lives,”Liam said.“It just feels really good to 　9　.”
After seeing how 　10　 Liam was about his 　11　,Hannon started a page on the Internet to collect 　12　 so they could make 60 lunches each week.“It makes me really proud 　13　 a dad,”Hannon added.So far, Liam has given out 300 lunches and even though summer is 　14　, he has continued his community 　15　 on weekends.
“What Scott and Liam have done has really given the homeless 　16　 and kindness in a really tough 　17　,”said Krystal Kelly, director of development at the Hildebrand Family Help Center where Liam also collects school supplies for homeless 　18　.“It's the first time that those folks have been looked in the eye or anyone has 　19　 their presence.To think that a 10-year-old can be that 　20　,it's amazing.”
1.A.Despite B.Considering C.Apart from D.Instead of
2.A.why B.how C.if D.where
3.A.heart B.kitchen C.sacrifice D.problem
4.A.jokingly B.approvingly C.worriedly D.angrily
5.A.only B.once C.together D.early
6.A.leaving out B.handing out C.using up D.picking up
7.A.lacked B.feared C.admitted D.enjoyed
8.A.nice B.handsome C.healthy D.smart
9.A.play B.participate C.sympathize D.help
10.A.passionate B.upset C.curious D.shy
11.A.assignment B.survey C.project D.business
12.A.jewelry B.firewood C.money D.information
13.A.as B.like C.for D.of
14.A.hot B.over C.long D.near
15.A.adventure B.service C.management D.cleaning
16.A.respect B.freedom C.shelters D.entertainments
17.A.match B.camp C.year D.circumstance
18.A.babies B.children C.women D.fathers
19.A.reported B.permitted C.predicted D.acknowledged
20.A.honest B.confident C.selfless D.intelligent
答案与解析
1.D　解析:不是(Instead of)要去夏令营或度假,十岁的Liam Hannon问他父亲他是否能做袋装午餐并发给剑桥附近无家可归的人。
2.C　解析:if表示“是否”,引导宾语从句。
3.A　解析:Liam 有一副好心肠。a huge/big heart“仁爱之心”。
4.B　解析:由上文提到的“好心肠”可知父亲是赞许的态度。approvingly“赞许地”。
5.C　解析:由下文的father and son and with my wife and baby可知应是一起(together) 做。
6.B　解析:在告诉父亲自己的计划后,Liam开始了行动,每周分发(handing out)20份午餐。
7.D　解析:根据下文的“He felt those homeless people he met were very friendly.”可知他很享受(enjoyed)与他们交流。
8.A　解析:Liam说:“我们帮助的大多数人实际上很友善(nice)……”
9.D　解析:由上文的Many of the people we help可知此处答案为help。
10.A　解析:在看到儿子对他的方案的热情后,父亲建立了一个网页。passionate“热诚的”。
11.C　解析:project“方案,计划,项目”。
12.C　解析:父亲建立网页的目的是筹钱(money)。
13.A　解析:作为(as)父亲真的很骄傲。
14.B　解析:由下文的continued...on weekends可知,此处应该是指暑假结束(over)。
15.B　解析:即使暑假结束,他周末继续在社区服务(service)。
16.A　解析:他们父子做的事情真的给了无家可归的人尊重(respect)和善意。
17.D　解析:此处指“在非常艰难的环境下(circumstance)”。
18.B　解析:由上文的school supplies可知是为无家可归的孩子们(children)筹集学习用品。
19.D　解析:这是那些人第一次被他人正视并认可(acknowledged)他们的存在。
20.C　解析:想想一个十岁的孩子能这么无私(selfless),真让人惊叹。设空处是对男孩的行为的评价。(共29张PPT)
语法专题突破
专题四 介词和介词短语
英 语
增素能 精准突破
[真题语境]
1.(2019·天津卷)______ all the problems,several of the players produced excellent performances.
A.According to B.Instead of
C.In addition to D.In spite of
2.(2019·天津3月卷)The captain of the ship was advised to turn back ______a sudden heavy storm.
A.due to B.by means of
C.in addition to D.instead of
D
A
3.(2018·天津卷)Bob thought he couldn't go to the party because he had to write a report, but he went ______.
A.at first B.after all
C.above all D.at random
4.(2017·天津卷)We offer an excellent education to our students.______,we expect students to work hard.
A.On average B.At best
C.In return D.After all
B
C
[用法点拨]
1.常见介词的意义及主要用法
(1)in再过……(多久)(表将来);在……时间(较长);在……里面;在……方面;用……(工具)
(2)on在……上;在……时间(特定)
(3)with用……(工具);伴随着;带有;因为和……一起,跟(某人/某物)……
(4)without没有
(5)for因为;就……而言;表示物钱间的交换(buy/sell sth for money);为了
(6)through通过(地方、手段);贯穿;穿过
(7)by通过(方式);到……(时间)为止;相差……;按……支付;根据
(8)across(从表面)经过;在……的另一边;穿过(从一边到另一边)
(9)to到(……地方/程度);在……方向(相邻但不接触)
(10)off脱离;离开
(11)during在……期间
(12)over跨越;在……期间(over the meal);结束
(13)until直到……
(14)against反对;倚靠;衬托;与……比赛;逆着
(15)beyond超过……(能力/时间/范围);在……的另一边
(16)besides除……以外(还有……)
(17)except除……以外(排除)
(18)before在……之前(时间或位置)
(19)after在……之后(时间或位置)
2.常用介词短语
(1)on behalf of代表
(2)on the contrary相反地
(3)on the basis of以……为由
(4)on occasion(s)偶尔;有时
(5)on no account决不
(6)in favor of/in support of支持;赞成
(7)in particular尤其是;特别是
(8)in exchange for为了换取;与……交换
(9)in vain徒劳
(10)in response to作为……的答复
(11)in store储藏;即将发生
(12)in harmony with与……和谐相处
(13)in advance提前
(14)in spite of虽然;尽管
(15)at length=in detail详细地
(16)at random随便地;任意地
(17)by mistake错误地
(18)apart from=in addition to=as well as除……以外(还)
(19)in memory of为了纪念
(20)in honour of为了纪念;以……的名义
(21)in danger/trouble/safety/debt...处于危险/困境/安全/债务……中
(22)by...means=in...way=with...method用……方法
(23)in turn=by turns轮流;依次
(28)as a result/consequence of因为;由于
(29)in view of鉴于
(30)in case of以免;万一
(32)at the mercy of在……控制下;受……操纵
(33)at the expense/cost of以……为代价
(34)at the risk of冒着……的危险
(35)instead of=in place of代替;取代
(39)around the corner很快;就要到了
(40)due to=owing to=on account of=because of因为;由于
(41)regardless无论;不管
测效果·课堂评价
一、练基础:单项填空
1.(2022·天津南开高三一模)______ the vast knowledge that we have accumulated,there are still many unsolved natural mysteries out there.
A.But B.Despite
C.Instead of D.Within
2.(2022·天津新华中学高三统练)The voyages of travelers before the 17th century show that they were not ______the sea even though they didn't have modern navigational(航海的)aids.
A.at the expense of B.at the risk of
C.in the way of D.at the mercy of
B
D
3.(2022·天津河东高三一模)The film was made ______ those brave firefighters who went to the front.
A.in spite of B.in case of
C.in memory of D.in place of
4.(2022·天津河西一模)The company has developed rapidly ______its size and reach.
A.in place of B.in favour of
C.in terms of D.in face of
C
C
5.(2022·天津和平高三一检)It really annoys me that whenever I have important issues to deal with,something unexpected always keeps getting ______.
A.in sight B.in the way
C.around the corner D.out of place
6.(2022·天津滨海重点学校高三一模)______ the lack of scientific evidence for link between color and suit physics,lots of research showed that color could affect performance from a purely psychological standpoint.
A.As a consequence of B.Because of
C.In addition to D.In spite of
B
D
7.This special school accepts all disabled students,______educational level and background.
A.according to B.regardless of
C.in addition to D.in terms of
8.When she first arrived in China,she wondered what the future might have ______for her,but now all her worries are gone.
A.in need B.in time
C.in preparation D.in store
9.Tom always goes jogging in the morning and he usually does push-ups to stay ______too.
A.in place B.in order
C.in shape D.in fashion
B
D
C
10.Graduation is a good time to thank those who have helped you ______the tough years.
A.through B.up
C.with D.from
11.His efforts to raise money for his program were ______because no one showed any intention to take a cent out of their pockets.
A.in place B.in sight
C.in effect D.in vain
A
D
12.(2021·天津河西一模)We're all ready to put it into operation; ______,we're going to take action as fast as possible.
A.on the whole B.in general
C.in conclusion D.in other words
13.______ good service,the restaurant offers different kinds of traditional Fujian dishes.
A.Far from B.Apart from
C.Instead of D.Regardless of
14.______ everyone here,I wish you a pleasant journey back to your country.
A.By means of B.On behalf of
C.In search of D.For fear of
D
B
B
15.(2021·天津南开二模)After a day of activities,you should be ______a good meal.
A.in the mood for B.at the point of
C.on the edge of D.with the help of
16.Scientists are convinced ______the positive effect of laughter ______ physical and mental health.
A.of;at B.by;in
C.of;on D.on;at
17.The plan worked out well so that the majority voted ______it.
A.in favor of B.in the light of
C.in honor of D.in praise of
A
C
A
18.People won't pay attention to you when they still have a lot of ideas of their own crying ______expression.
A.from B.over
C.with D.for
19.Everybody was touched ______words after they heard her moving story.
A.beyond B.without
C.of D.in
20.There was a sudden power failure last evening.We had to study ______ flashlight.
A.on B.by
C.at D.against
D
A
B
21.Everything was perfect for the picnic ______the weather.
A.in place of B.as well as
C.except for D.in case of
22.I can't do this work because it is ______easy.
A.apart from B.other than
C.far from D.next to
23.Modern women are energetic,ambitious,and most of all,persistent ______ their goals.
A.in pursuit of B.in return for
C.in touch with D.in contrast to
C
C
A
24.Don't be late for the 9:00 meeting because I am ______and have to catch the 11:00 train.
A.on a limited budget B.in high spirits
C.on a tight schedule D.in deep doubt
C
二、练语篇:完形填空
With his leg lame and his teeth uneven, the boy thought of himself as the most unfortunate child in the world.He　1　 played with his classmates, and when asked to answer questions, he always 　2　 his head without a word.
One spring, his father brought home some saplings(树苗).　3　of his children would plant a sapling and he promised, “Whoever 　4　 his sapling best shall get a gift.” The boy certainly wanted to get the gift. 　5　 seeing his brothers and sisters watering the trees, he　6　an idea: he hoped the tree he planted would die soon. So watering it once or twice, he never 　7　 it.
Several days later, he was 　8　 to find it not only didn't die, but also grew so many fresh 　pared with those of his brothers' and sisters', his appeared greener. His father kept his 　10　, bought the boy a gift and said he would become an outstanding 　11　 after growing up.
From then on, the boy slowly became　12　and confident. One evening, he suddenly　13　his biology teacher once said that plants　14　grow at night. Why not go to see his tree
When he came to the courtyard, he found his father working near the tree! Immediately he　15　:Father had been secretly　16　his tree! He returned to his room, tears in his eyes.
Decades passed. The boy didn't become a botanist. 　17　,he became the US 　18　. His name was Franklin Roosevelt.　19　 is the best nourishment of life.　20　it is just a bucket of water, it can make the tree of life grow well!
1.A.seldom B.ever C.still D.often
2.A.held B.lowered C.raised D.covered
3.A.Both B.None C.Each D.One
4.A.likes B.grows C.protects D.watches
5.A.And B.But C.Or D.So
6.A.came up with　 B.got rid of C.put forward D.cared for
7.A.contributed to　 B.turned to C.got used to D.attended to
8.A.disappointed B.frightened C.surprised D.amused
9.A.roots B.seeds C.branches D.leaves
10.A.balance B.word C.agreement D.opinion
11.A.botanist B.gardener C.president D.teacher
12.A.satisfied B.optimistic C.independent D.upset
13.A.believed B.remembered C.repeated D.knew
14.A.probably B.hardly C.recently D.generally
15.A.understood B.doubted C.wondered D.admitted
16.A.cutting B.watering C.decorating D.fertilizing
17.A.Therefore B.Besides C.Instead D.Moreover
18.A.president B.doctor C.lawyer D.teacher
19.A.Water B.Love C.Disability D.Father
20.A.So long as B.If only C.Even though D.Now that
答案与解析
1.A　解析:因为他腿走路不方便,牙不齐,比较自卑,所以他很少(seldom)和同学一起玩。
2.B　解析:老师提问时,他总是低着(lowered)头不说话。
3.C　解析:每个(each)孩子都要种下一棵树苗。
4.B　解析:谁的树苗长得最好,谁就会得到礼物。grow“生长”。
5.B　解析:但当他看到他的兄弟姐妹们给树浇水时……,由后文中的he hoped the tree he planted would die soon可知答案。
6.A　解析:他有了一个想法:他希望他种的树很快死掉。come up with“想到”;get rid of“摆脱”;put forward“提出”;care for“照顾”。
7.D　解析:所以他浇了一两次水后,就不照料树苗了。contribute to“有助于”;turn to“转向,求助于”;get used to“习惯于”;attend to“照料”。
8.C　解析:几天后,他很惊讶地发现树苗不但没死,还长出很多新叶子。surprised“感到惊讶的”。
9.D　解析:树苗长出很多新叶子(leaves)。
10.B　解析:他的父亲遵守诺言,给他买了礼物。keep one's word“遵守诺言”。
11.A　解析:根据下文17空前的一句“The boy didn't become a botanist.”可知,这里选botanist,意思是“植物学家”。
12.B　解析:从那以后,这个孩子慢慢乐观(optimistic)、自信起来。
13.B　解析:一天晚上,他突然记起(remembered)生物老师曾经说过植物一般在夜间生长。
14.D　解析:他的生物老师曾经说过植物一般(generally)在夜间生长。
15.A　解析:他立刻就明白了(understood)。
16.B　解析:由后文的a bucket of water可知爸爸过去一直偷偷帮他给树浇水(watering)。
17.C　解析:几十年过去了,那个孩子没有成为植物学家,而是成了美国总统。instead“反而,却”。
18.A　解析:由后文的Franklin Roosevelt(富兰克林·罗斯福)可知他后来成了美国总统。
19.B　解析:爱(Love)是生活最好的营养品。
20.C　解析:即使(Even though)只是一桶水也可以让生命之树茁壮成长。(共46张PPT)
语法专题突破
专题五 动词和动词短语
英 语
增素能 精准突破
[真题语境]
1.(2021·天津卷)Although a few have come and gone,the restaurant's regular customers have ______the same for nearly 40 years.
A.stayed B.turned C.grown D.got
2.(2021·天津卷)Henry David Thoreau was happy to ______from social life,seeking a harmonious relationship with nature in the quietness of his life.
A.judge B.differ C.withdraw D.benefit
3.(2020·天津卷)We can't ______buying a new printer for our company.The one we have doesn't work.
A.take up B.carry out
C.keep on D.put off
A
C
D
4.(2020·天津卷)We offered to give Sharon a ride home,but she ______,saying that she felt like walking.
A.understood B.accepted
C.compromised D.declined
5.(2018·天津卷)It took him a long time to ______the skills he needed to become a good dancer.
A.display B.acquire
C.teach D.test
6.(2018·天津卷)It's easy to get lost when you drive in a new city,so it's important to ______a good map before you set out.
A.study B.display
C.deliver D.publish
D
B
A
7.(2019·天津卷)Kate heard a man's voice in the background,but she couldn't ______what he was saying.
A.set aside B.take back
C.make out D.keep off
8.(2019·天津3月卷)We are determined that our training should ______the current development in education.
A.keep pace with B.take possession of
C.make room for D.give birth to
9.(2019·天津3月卷)You should respect the views of others,and at the same time ______what you think is right.
A.care for B.look at
C.insist on D.meet with
C
A
C
10.(2018·天津3月卷)When people want to expand their knowledge,they usually ______books that offer useful information.
A.point to B.turn to
C.attend to D.belong to
11.(2017·天津卷)Mr. and Mrs.Brown would like to see their daughter______, get married,and have kids.
A.settle down B.keep off
C.get up D.cut in
12.(2017·天津3月卷)Before leaving America she ______much of her furniture to friends and enjoyed letting them have the pieces they had liked.
A.picked up B.gave away
C.put down D.set aside
B
A
B
[用法点拨]
一、高考高频动词
1.absorb 吸收;使全神贯注
2.accumulate 积聚;积累
7.appreciate 感激;欣赏
8.hesitate 犹豫;踌躇
10.manage设法(做);经营;管理
11.observe 观察;庆祝;遵守
12.promise 答应;承诺
13.fail失败
14.encounter 遭遇;碰上
15.cause导致
17.intend 打算;意图
18.assume 假定;设想
19.spot 发现
21.withdraw 撤退
22.deliver 运送;派送
二、高考高频动词短语
2.attach...to...依附;把……固定在……上
3.be involved in牵扯;参与
8.can't/couldn't help doing禁不住做……
9.depend on/reckon on/rely on/count on(sb to do sth)依靠(某人做某事);信赖(某人做某事)
10.rely on it that...指望……
12.fix/focus...on/upon...集中(目光、注意力等)于……
14.match...with...使……与……相匹配
15.be supposed to do应该做……
16.appeal to sb吸引某人
17.account for解释……的原因
22.make it获得成功;准时赶到
25.fit in (with sb)相处;适应
26.work out解决;锻炼
27.figure out计算出;弄明白
28.live up to达到(预期);符合(要求)
29.build up增强(体质);逐渐积累
30.meet with=come across=run into(偶然)遇到
31.lead to=result in=contribute to导致;造成
32.result from起因于
48.catch on流行起来
49.be caught/stuck/trapped in被困在……中
59.answer for对……负责
60.provide for为……做好准备
测效果·课堂评价
一、练基础:单项填空
1.(2022·天津南开高三一模)I shall ______the loss of my laptop in the newspaper,with a reward for the finder.
A.inform B.advertise
C.announce D.publish
2.(2022·天津新华中学高三统练)All the drivers have been warned that driving after drinking shall ______serious accidents.
A.bring up B.bring about
C.bring in D.bring back
B
B
3.(2022·天津河东高三一模)After years of hard work,they were finally able to ______an apartment of their own in the city with all their savings.
A.perceive B.produce
C.preserve D.purchase
4.(2022·天津河东高三一模)After a short break,they ______their discussion, hoping to reach an agreement.
A.accounted for B.ended up
C.went after D.carried on
5.(2022·天津河西一模)Don't worry!Your missing watch will ______one of these days.
A.take up B.pick up
C.bring up D.turn up
D
D
D
6.Jack answered all the questions with ease,______ a confident smile throughout the interview.
A.wearing B.withdrawing
C.widening D.weighing
7.(2022·天津和平高三一检)Improperly moving a person with a neck injury,for example,can ______injury and paralysis.
A.result from B.suffer from
C.take on D.lead to
8.(2022·天津滨海重点学校高三一模)At the meeting,the professor ______ some good advice and all the people present agreed with him.
A.set up B.added up
C.came up with D.communicated with
A
D
C
9.(2021·天津河北一模)I hope that more student associations will be set up in our school and thus our students will ______the opportunities to develop their good virtues and qualities.
A.keep pace with B.take advantage of
C.make room for D.give rise to
10.(2021·天津红桥一模)—Any advice for me
—You'd better ______the timetable to see when the train leaves.
A.remind B.recommend
C.consult D.request
B
C
11.(2021·天津和平二模)—I was wondering whether perhaps you could remember the name of the place.
—I'm afraid that ______me for the moment.
A.reminds B.puzzles C.disturbs D.escapes
12.(2021·天津南开模拟)Always acting in a strange way,Einstein must have ______to people around to be mad.
A.shown B.imagined C.appeared D.thought
13.(2021·天津和平一模)Shakespeare's writing is still popular today.It has really ______the test of time.
A.overcome B.stood C.taken D.conducted
D
C
B
14.Careers officers ______contact with young people when they have left school in case they need help in job-hunting.
A.maintain B.dismiss
C.abandon D.hold
15.The special knowledge is ______through families,which means that new generations continue to use ancient methods to maintain the tradition.
A.taken down B.turned down
C.stepped down D.passed down
16.Everyone who reached the top of Mount Tai was ______with a magnificent view.
A.awarded B.admired
C.rewarded D.appreciated
A
D
C
17.The witness told the police everything she had seen,being careful not to ______any details.
A.put out B.give out
C.leave out D.look out
18.Alzheimer's disease is ______as the most common mental disease among older people,and the number of sufferers is growing.
A.judged B.translated
C.designed D.recognized
19.Lisa wouldn't ______the job any more.She had a big argument with her boss and resigned.
A.come up with B.keep up with
C.make up with D.put up with
C
D
D
20.They went to the street to ______to the whole city to help the poor boy.
A.apply B.appeal
C.add D.reply
21.The young man who was expected to ______his father's company made an unusual decision that he would start his own business.
A.hand over B.think over
C.go over D.take over
22.(2019·天津河西质调一)Once you've ______the items you ordered,put this record in your file.
A.checked in B.checked off
C.checked out D.checked with
B
D
B
23.We did have a quarrel about money last night,but now we have already ______.
A.taken up B.put up
C.made up D.brought up
24.—Next week I will go to a job interview.Will you give me some suggestions
—Smiling is a great way to make yourself ______.
A.stand out B.turn out
C.work out D.pick out
C
A
二、练语篇:完形填空
(2021·天津和平一模)
When I was twelve years old, my father took me to see Zig Ziegler. I remember sitting in that dark auditorium listening to Mr. Zigler raise everyone's　1　up to the ceiling. I left there saying, “Dad, I want to make people feel like that.” My father asked me what I　2　.“I want to be a motivational speaker just like Mr. Zigler,” I replied. A　3　was born.
Recently, I began pursuing my dream of　4　others. After a four-year relationship with a major Fortune 100 company as a regional sales manager, I left the company at the　5　of my career. Many people were shocked that I would leave after earning a six-figure income. And they asked why I would　6　everything for a dream.
I made my decision to start my own company and leave my secure　7　after attending a regional sales meeting. The vice-president of our company　8　a speech that changed my life. I realized that everything I had　9　—the graduate degree, the successful sales career, managing for a fortune 100 company had　10　me for this moment. I was ready to become a motivational speaker.
When I tearfully told my boss my　11　, this incredible leader whom I respect so much replied, “　12　with confidence and you will be successful.”
Having made that decision, I was immediately　13　. One week after I gave notice, my husband was　14　from his job. We needed both incomes to　15　the monthly mortgage payment(抵押贷款). It was　16　to go back to my former company, but I didn't. I decided I still wanted to move forward　17　end up with a mouth full of “if onlys” later on. A motivational speaker was born.
When I held 　18　to my dream, even during the tough-times, the miracles really began to happen. In a short time period my husband found a better job. And I was able to book several　19　engagements with new clients. I discovered the incredible power of dreams. To celebrate my success I had a local artist paint my new office as a garden. At the top of one wall she painted, “The world always　20　the dreamer.”
1.A.efforts B.hopes C.spirits D.brains
2.A.meant B.recognized C.concluded D.found
3.A.curiosity B.dream C.purpose D.challenge
4.A.handling B.caring C.inspiring D.promising
5.A.point B.heart C.end D.height
6.A.risk B.exchange C.lose D.refuse
7.A.reputation B.position C.spot D.future
8.A.wrote B.prepared C.heard D.delivered
9.A.accomplished B.imagined C.arranged D.recommended
10.A.trained B.saved C.prepared D.pushed
11.A.words B.plans C.jobs D.issues
12.A.Turn around B.Come over C.Stay up D.Go ahead
13.A.tested B.warned C.reminded D.touched
14.A.taken off B.called off C.laid off D.put off
15.A.earn B.make C.return D.borrow
16.A.causal B.interesting C.scary D.attractive
17.A.rather than B.or rather C.as well as D.or else
18.A.deep B.fast C.close D.still
19.A.working B.investing C.speaking D.learning
20.A.takes aim at B.pays attention to
C.keeps contact with D.makes way for
答案与解析
1.C　解析:句意:我记得当时坐在昏暗的礼堂里听着齐格勒先生的演说,他把每个人都说得热情高涨。effort“努力”;hope“希望”;spirit“心境;情绪”; brain“头脑,智力”。raise one's spirits up振奋某人的精神。
2.A　解析:句意:父亲问我是什么意思(meant)。
3.B　解析:句意:一个梦想诞生了。curiosity“好奇”;dream“梦想”; purpose“目的”;challenge“挑战”。
4.C　解析:句意:最近,我开始追求我激励他人的梦想。handle“处理”; care“关心”;inspire“激励,鼓舞”;promise“承诺”。
5.D　解析:此处表示“我在事业的高峰期离开了这家公司”。point“要点;得分”;heart“心脏”;end“结束”;height“最佳点”。
6.A　解析:句意:他们问我为什么要为了一个梦想使所有事物冒风险。risk“使 ……冒风险”;exchange“交换”;lose“丢失”;refuse“拒绝”。
7.B　解析:句意:我是在参加了一次区域销售会议后,决定自己开公司,离开我的稳定职位的。reputation“名声,声望”;position“位置,职位”;spot“地点,斑点”;future“未来”。
8.D　解析:句意:我们公司副总裁发表的一次演讲改变了我的生活。write“写”;prepare“准备”;hear“听见”;deliver“发表”。
9.A　解析:句意:我意识到,我所完成的一切——研究生学位、成功的销售事业、为财富100强公司进行管理——都让我为这一刻做好了准备。accomplish“完成”;imagine“想象”;arrange“安排”;recommend“推荐,介绍”。
10.C　解析:此处表示“之前所做的让我为现在做好了准备”。故选C项。
11.B　解析:此处表示作者泪流满面地告诉老板自己的计划(plans)。
12.D　解析:老板对作者说:“充满信心地向前走,你就会成功。”turn around“转身”;come over“顺便来访”;stay up“熬夜”;go ahead“前进”。
13.A　解析:句意:做出那个决定后,我立即受到了考验。test“测试,考验”;warn“警告”;remind“提醒”;touch“接触”。
14.C　解析:句意:我递交辞呈一周后,我丈夫被解雇了。take off“脱下,起飞”;call off“取消”;lay off“解雇”;put off“推迟”。
15.B　解析:句意:我们需要双方的收入来支付每月的抵押贷款。故选B项。
16.D　解析:句意:回到以前的公司很有吸引力,但我没有。causal“随便的;偶然的”;interesting“有趣的”;scary“吓人的”;attractive“吸引人的”。
17.A　解析:句意:我决定我还是想继续前进,而不是以以后满嘴的“如果当时怎么样就好了”结束。rather than“而不是”;or rather“更准确地说”;as well as“和,而且”;or else“否则”。
18.B　解析:句意:当我紧紧抓住我的梦想,即使在困难的时候,奇迹真的会开始出现。hold fast to sth“坚持某种思想等”。
19.C　解析:句意:我还能跟新客户预约几次演讲。根据前文“A motivational speaker was born.”可知,作者成了励志演说家,故选C项。
20.D　解析:这个世界总是为梦想家让路。take aim at“瞄准”;pay attention to“注意”;keep contact with“保持联系”;make way for“为……让路”。(共48张PPT)
语法专题突破
专题六 动词的时态与语态和主谓一致
英 语
增素能 精准突破
[真题语境]
1.(2021·天津卷)Good evening,everybody.Professor King ______his lecture in a moment,but let me introduce him first.
A.delivered B.will be delivering
C.was delivering D.has been delivering
2.(2021·天津3月卷)Currently,about 35,000 works ______in over 300 rooms in the Louvre,and it would take a lifetime to see everything.
A.were displaying B.are displaying
C.were being displayed D.are being displayed
B
D
3.(2020·天津卷)The number of medical schools reached 18 in the early 1990s and ______around that level ever since.
A.are remaining B.have remained
C.is remaining D.has remained
4.(2020·天津第一次统考)—The machine is working again!
—Yes,it broke down yesterday,but it ______.
A.has been fixed B.is being fixed
C.had been fixed D.would be fixed
5.(2019·天津卷)I took notes during the meeting,but I ______a chance to write them into a report so far.
A.didn't have B.haven't had
C.hadn't had D.won't have
D
A
B
6.(2018·天津卷)My washing machine ______this week,so I have to wash my clothes by hand.
A.was repaired B.is repaired
C.is being repaired D.has been repaired
7.(2018·天津3月卷)I jumped with joy the moment I ______my driver's license in the mail.
A.receive B.received
C.had received D.would receive
8.(2017·天津卷)Nowadays,cycling,along with jogging and swimming,______ as one of the best all-round forms of exercise.
A.regard B.is regarded
C.are regarded D.regards
C
B
B
9.(2017·天津3月卷)The number of firms selling computers in this region ______since January 2012.
A.are dropping B.is dropping
C.have dropped D.has dropped
D
[用法点拨]
一、动词的时态
(一)一般体
1.一般现在时
(1)表示经常性、习惯性的动作或状态,客观真理或科学事实。常与时间状语often、always、sometimes、usually、every day/week/year等连用。
(2)表示按时间表、日程表的安排尚未发生但是周而复始、循环进行的动作。
The train to Beijing leaves at half past ten,so we have one hour to go.
去北京的火车十点半发车,我们还有一个小时呢。
(3)在时间、条件、让步状语从句中以及the more...,the more...句式的第一个分句中,用现在时表将来。
If you work harder,you'll surely make it.
如果你学习再努力点,你一定会成功的。
2.一般过去时
(1)指过去的情况或者所处的状态,或过去经常发生的动作。常与时间状语yesterday、last week/year/night、two days ago、the day before yesterday、in 1998等连用。
(2)表示“刚才;刚刚”,指现在已经不再这样。
I didn't notice you were here just now.
我刚才没有注意到你在这儿。
(3)在时间、条件和让步状语从句中,以及the more...,the more...句式的第一个分句中,用过去时表示过去将来。
Even if you advised him at that time,he wouldn't listen.即使你当时给他建议,他也不会听的。
3.一般将来时
(1)will do/be表示自然而然的将来或临时的打算。
—The doorbell is ringing.——门铃响了。
—I'll answer the door.——我去开门吧。
(2)be going to do表示“计划”“打算”做某事或根据迹象暗示很可能会发生某事。
Look!Dark clouds are gathering.It's going to rain.看!乌云聚集,马上要下雨了。
(3)be about to do表示“立刻”要发生的事,不与具体时间状语连用,可用于was/were about to do...when...(正要做……,这时……)中。
We were about to set off when my phone rang.
我们正要出发,我的电话响了。
(4)be to do/be doing表示计划、安排要发生的事,be to do还有“注定要发生”的意思。
The experience is to change his future life.
这次经历注定会改变他今后的生活。
They're getting married next month.
他们打算下个月结婚。
4.过去将来时
从过去的某个时间点看尚未发生的动作,一般在宾语从句中使用。
He promised he would never make the same mistake.他答应再也不犯同样的错误了。
(二)完成体
1.现在完成时
(1)到目前为止已经发生的或完成的动作,并且对现在仍有影响,常与already、yet、so far、up to now、recently、ever since等时间状语连用。
We've raised 100,000 yuan for the project up to now.到目前为止,我们已经为这个项目募集了10万元了。
(2)表示从过去某一时间开始,一直延续到现在的动作或状态,常与时间状语“for+时间段”或“since+时间点”连用。
I've taught in this school since 1992/for 30 years.我从1992年开始就在这所学校任教/我已经在这个学校任教30年了。
注意:在This/It/That is the first/second...time that...中,that引导的定语从句用现在完成时。
This is the second time that my father has warned me of the danger.这已经是我爸爸第二次提醒我注意这种危险了。
2.现在完成进行时
指一个始于过去的动作持续到现在,并且现在仍然在进行中。
We've been discussing this problem for nearly two hours.我们已经讨论这个问题快两个小时了。
3.过去完成时
(1)指到过去某一时间或动作为止已经完成的动作或发生的事情,即“过去的过去”。
The play had already started when we got to the theatre.我们到剧场时戏剧已经开始了。
(2)hope、expect、mean、intend、plan等用于过去完成时,表示过去未能实现的计划、打算或愿望。
I had intended to finish the task yesterday,but was occupied with other things.我原计划昨天完成任务,但忙于别的事了。
(3)用于Hardly had sb done when...和No sooner had sb done than...句式中, when或than后面的分句用一般过去时。
No sooner had I got home than I began to prepare for dinner.我一到家就开始做晚饭。
注意:在This/That/It was the first/second...time that...中,that引导的定语从句用过去完成时。
It was the first time in a year and a half that I'd seen such stars face to face.
这是一年半以来我第一次面对面看到这样的星星。
4.过去完成进行时
指持续到过去某时的一个动作。
The students had been talking loudly by the time the teacher came in,which made him annoyed.
到老师进来的时候同学们一直在大声说话,这让他很恼火。
5.将来完成时
指到将来某一时间点为止,已经完成的动作。
By the time you arrive,we'll have begun the competition.
等你到达的时候,我们将已经开始比赛了。
(三)进行体
1.现在进行时
(1)指此时此刻正在进行的动作。常与now、at present等时间状语连用。
What are you doing now
你现在正在做什么
(2)表示将来的计划、 打算或安排,相当于be going to do。
(3)用于am(is/are)always/constantly doing中,表示一种赞赏或厌恶的感情,意为“总是/不断地……”。
He's always helping others.他总是帮助别人。
You are constantly interrupting me when I'm speaking.
我说话时你不断地打断我。
2.过去进行时
(1)指过去某个时间点或时间段正在进行的动作。
They were having an online art class at eight yesterday morning.
昨天上午八点他们在上在线艺术课。
(2)表示过去的计划、打算或安排。
(3)用于was (were) always/constantly doing中,表示一种赞赏或厌恶的感情,意为“总是/不断地……”。
When I was young,my mother was always encouraging me to try.
我小的时候,妈妈总是鼓励我去尝试。
3.将来进行时
指在将来某时将正在进行的动作。
We'll be travelling across China next summer vacation.
明年暑假我们将去中国旅游。
二、动词的语态
(一)几种常用时态的被动语态结构:
1.一般现在时:am/is/are done
2.一般过去时:was/were done
3.一般将来时:will/shall be done
4.现在进行时:am/is/are being done
5.过去进行时:was/were being done
6.现在完成时:have/has been done
7.过去完成时:had been done
8.将来完成时:will have been done
(二)主动形式表示被动含义
1.系动词look、sound、smell、taste、feel、go、become、turn、fall、appear、seem、get、grow、keep、stay、remain后接形容词或名词,构成系表结构,不用被动形式。
You should stay calm when you're in danger.
遇到危险时你要保持冷静。
2.有些动词用来描述主语性质、特征时,用主动形式表示被动含义,此时常有副词修饰。
The sentence reads smoothly.
这个句子读起来很顺畅。
This kind of material doesn't wash easily.
这种料子不容易清洗。
三、主谓一致
(一)基本规则:主语为复数名词或表示复数意义的代词时,句子谓语动词用复数,即动词原形;主语为单数可数名词,不可数名词或表示单数概念的代词时,谓语动词用第三人称单数。
(二)几种主谓一致的特殊情况
1.下列情况下谓语动词用单数。
(1)and连接两个单数名词,表示同一人或物时;
The singer and dancer is to attend our party.
(2)every...and every.../each...and each.../no...and no.../many a...and(many a)...;
Every boy and every girl is here.
Many a teacher and(many a) student has seen the film.
(3)单数名词+with、along with、together with、as well as、rather than、but、except;
Tom as well as two of his friends was invited to the party.
(4)表示时间、重量、距离、价格、体积等名词的复数作主语时;
20,000 dollars is a large sum of money.
(5)many a/more than one+名词单数。
Many a page in this book is missing.
More than one student has failed the exam.
2....or...、either...or...、neither...nor...、not...but...、not only...but also...连接两个并列成分作主语时,根据就近原则确定谓语动词。
Neither I nor he is in favour of her marriage.
Either you or I am going to be in charge of this matter.
3.集体名词family、class、team、group、audience、committee等作主语时,强调整体时,谓语动词用单数;强调各成员时,谓语动词用复数。
Our family is a big one.
The crew are watching news.
4.trousers、pants、jeans、shorts、glasses等作主语时,谓语动词用复数,但a pair/piece of +trousers/pants/glasses、jeans/shorts等作主语,谓语动词用单数。
5.people、police、cattle、poultry、clothes等集体名词作主语,谓语动词用复数。
6.a number of +复数名词作主语,谓语动词用复数;the number of +复数名词,谓语动词用单数。
A number of students are from the south.
The number of students from the north is small.
7.a quantity of +复数名词/不可数名词作主语,谓语动词用单数;
quantities of+复数名词/不可数名词作主语,谓语动词用复数。
A large quantity of books has been bought.
Great quantities of fish were caught.
8.the rest/following/分数/百分数接复数名词作主语,谓语动词用复数;接不可数名词作主语,谓语动词用单数。
9.the majority of+复数名词作主语,谓语动词用复数;the majority作主语,谓语动词单复数都可以。
The majority of boys like basketball.
The majority was/were in favor of banning smoking.
10.非谓语动词作主语(to do/doing)时,谓语动词一般用单数。
Getting up early is a good habit.
11.What引导的名词性从句作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数,但表示复数概念时,谓语动词用复数。
What he said leaves much for us to think about.
What he left me are some old books.
12.两个单数名词或不可数名词用and连接,表示两个不同概念作主语时,谓语动词用复数。
Steam and ice are different forms of water.
Tom and Jack were close friends.
测效果·课堂评价
一、练基础:单项填空
1.(2022·天津新华中学高三统练)A Midsummer Night's Dream ______at the Theatre Royal on 19th June,and then tours throughout Scotland.
A.opens B.is opened
C.will open D.will be opened
2.(2022·天津新华中学高三统练)—How are you doing with the job hunting
—I'm still hesitating whether to accept the position I ______at the job fair.
A.had been offered B.was offered
C.offered D.had offered
3.(2022·天津河东高三一模)This amusement park with all the exciting rides and other fun activities ______also home to outdoor concerts every summer.
A.are B.have been C.is D.has been
A
B
C
4.(2022·天津河东高三一模)Because society ______so rapidly during the last few years,the gap between the generations has become larger.
A.has been changing B.changed
C.had changed D.was changed
5.(2022·天津河西一模)On the last day of their week-long stay,John,as well as his friends,______ to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars.
A.invited B.was invited
C.were invited D.had been invited
A
B
6.(2022·天津河西一模)I'm sure you'll do well in the exam because you ______so hard this year.
A.studied B.had studied
C.have been studying D.had been studying
7.With the development of science,more new technology ______to the fields of IT.
A.has introduced B.is being introduced
C.is introduced D.was introduced
C
B
8.(2022·天津和平高三一检)—Why I didn't see you at Jim's birthday party last night
—I ______a call from my boss,telling me to do some extra paperwork.
A.have received B.would receive
C.had received D.received
9.(2022·天津滨海重点学校高三一模)My sister graduated from university in 2017 and ______in a bank ever since.
A.worked B.has been worked
C.has been working D.had worked
C
C
10.(2021·天津南开一模)After several hours of discussion,I ______him into accepting the project.
A.persuaded B.would have persuaded
C.was persuading D.had persuaded
11.(2021·天津和平一模)Excuse me,madam.Ellen,a journalist from the Daily Mail ______all day. Could you speak to her now
A.was phoned B.has been phoned
C.is phoning D.has been phoning
A
D
12.(2021·天津和平二模)—Hi,I'm Peter.Are you new here I haven't seen you around.
—Hello,Peter.I'm Bob.I just ______on Monday.
A.start B.started
C.have started D.had started
13.(2021·天津南开二模)Bruce ______in the office every night over the last two weeks.
A.works B.worked
C.has been working D.had been working
B
C
14.(2021·天津红桥一模)In the near future,more advances in the robot technology ______by scientists.
A.are making B.are made
C.will make D.will be made
15.(2021·天津南开一模)Professor Johnson,along with his students,______ on the program day and night to meet the deadline nowadays.
A.were working B.are working
C.was working D.is working
D
D
16.(2021·天津河西二模)I know something about Charlie,for he ______in my brother's company for three months last year.
A.had worked B.worked
C.had been working D.would work
17.(2021·天津河东一模)The number of people in the world ______about 7.5 billion,and thus large quantities of waste ______each year.
A.totals;has been produced
B.total;is produced
C.totals;are produced
D.total;are being produced
B
C
18.(2021·天津南开二模)The first part of his speech caught my attention,but the rest ______rather dull.
A.was B.are
C.is D.were
19.—You know quite a lot about the new movie.
—Well,Anna ______it to me during break.
A.introduces B.introduced
C.had introduced D.will introduce
20.The ship ______just ______the ferry terminal when the fire was detected in the engine room and returned soon.
A.is;leaving B.has;left
C.have;left D.had;left
A
B
D
21.Don't worry.The hard work that you do now ______later in life.
A.will be repaid B.was being repaid
C.has been repaid D.was repaid
22.Delete the short message at once!Many a man ______by such tricks up to now.
A.are cheated B.is cheated
C.have been cheated D.has been cheated
23.Mr.White,who ______in Shanghai for seven years,is a manager of a company in Beijing.
A.was working B.worked
C.had worked D.has worked
A
D
B
二、练语篇:完形填空
The Homeless Hero
For many,finding an unattended wallet filled with ￡400 in cash would be a source(来源) of temptation(诱惑).But the 　1　 would no doubt be greater if you were living on the streets with little food and money.All of this makes the actions of the homeless Tom Smith 　2　 more remarkable.
After spotting a 　3　 on the front seat inside a parked car with its window down,he stood guard in the rain for about two hours waiting for the 　4　 to return.
After hours in the cold and wet,he 　5　 inside and pulled the wallet out hoping to find some ID so he could contact(联系) the driver,only to 　6　 it contained ￡400 in notes,with another ￡50 in spare change beside it.
He then took the wallet to a nearby police station after 　7　 a note behind to let the owner know it was safe.When the car's owner John Anderson and his colleague Carol Lawrence returned to the car—which was itself worth ￡35,000—in Glasgow city centre,they were 　8　 to find two policemen standing next to it.The policemen told them what Mr.Smith did and that the wallet was 　9　.
The pair were later able to thank Mr.Smith for his 　10　.
Mr.Anderson said:“I couldn't believe that the guy never took a penny.To think he is sleeping on the streets tonight 　11　 he could have stolen the money and paid for a place to stay in.This guy has nothing and 　12　 he didn't take the wallet for himself;he thought about others 　13　.It's unbelievable.It just proves there are 　14　 guys out there.”
Mr.Smith's act 　15　 much of the public's attention.He also won praise from social media users after Mr.Anderson 　16　 about the act of kindness on Meta.
Now Mr.Anderson has set up an online campaign to 　17　 money for Mr.Smith and other homeless people in the area,which by yesterday had received ￡8,000.“I think the faith that everyone has shown 　18　 him has touched him.People have been approaching him in the street;he's had job 　19　 and all sorts,”Mr.Anderson commented.
For Mr.Smith,this is a possible life-changing 　20　.The story once again tells us that one good turn deserves another.
1.A.hope B.aim C.urge D.effort
2.A.still B.even C.ever D.once
3.A.wallet B.bag C.box D.parcel
4.A.partner B.colleague C.owner D.policeman
5.A.turned B.hid C.stepped D.reached
6.A.discover B.collect C.check D.believe
7.A.taking B.leaving C.reading D.writing
8.A.satisfied B.excited C.amused D.shocked
9.A.safe B.missing C.found D.seen
10.A.service B.support C.kindness D.encouragement
11.A.when B.if C.where D.because
12.A.rather B.yet C.already D.just
13.A.too B.though C.again D.instead
14.A.honest B.polite C.rich D.generous
15.A.gave B.paid C.cast D.drew
16.A.learned B.posted C.cared D.heard
17.A.borrow B.raise C.save D.earn
18.A.of B.at C.for D.in
19.A.details B.changes C.offers D.applications
20.A.lesson B.adventure C.chance D.challenge
答案与解析
1.C　解析:上文提到,对许多人来说,一个无人看管的装有400英镑的钱包无疑是一种诱惑,结合But的转折可知,如果你是一个几乎没有什么钱和食物并露宿街头的人,这种诱惑带来的“冲动(urge)”无疑会更大,故选C项。
2.B　解析:结合上文提到的人们通常对于诱惑有一种渴望可知,这使得无家可归的汤姆的行为“更加(even)”引人注目,故选B项。
3.A　解析:根据第三段中的“After hours in the cold and wet,he 　　　inside and pulled the wallet out...”可知,他看到的是一个“钱包(wallet)”,故选A项。
4.C　解析:结合下文可知,他在雨中站了大约两个小时,就是要等钱包“主人(owner)”回来取钱包,故选C项。
5.D　解析:结合下文“hoping to find some ID so he could contact the driver”可知,他“伸手(reached)”到车中,把钱包拿出来,希望能从中找到钱包主人的身份信息,故选D项。
6.A　解析:汤姆本来是想在钱包里找到物主的身份信息,却出乎意料地“发现(discover)”里面有400英镑纸币和50英镑的零钱,故选A项。
7.B　解析:汤姆留下一张纸条,告知物主钱包是安全的,然后他去了警察局,故选B项。leave...behind“留下”,此题若忽视了后面的behind则很容易误选D项。
8.D　解析:这两个人看到车旁站着两名警察自然感到“震惊(shocked)”,故选D项。
9.A　解析:此处两位警察向物主说明了情况,并告知他们钱包是“安全的(safe)”。此空为词语复现,由上文中的“it was safe”可知应选A项。
10.C　解析:上文介绍了汤姆帮助了这两个人,所以此处说明他们后来能去感谢汤姆的“善行(kindness)”,故选C项。
11.A　解析:想想看今晚汤姆本可以偷走这笔钱,找个地方住下,但是他没有,他还是睡在了街上。此处用when引导定语从句,修饰tonight,故选A项。
12.B　解析:这个人一无所有,“然而(yet)”他并未将钱包据为己有,前后有转折意味,应用yet连接,故选B项。
13.D　解析:结合上文,他没有将钱包据为己有,“相反(instead)”的是,他为别人考虑,故选D项。
14.A　解析:结合上文可知,汤姆的行为证明了无家可归的人中也有“诚实的(honest)”人,故选A项。
15.D　解析:由下文“He also won praise from social media users...”可知,汤姆的行为“吸引(drew)”了公众的注意,故选D项。
16.B　解析:由上文“He also won praise from social media users...”可知,此处是说在安德森把汤姆的行为“发布(posted)”到社交媒体上后,他也赢得了来自社交媒体用户的赞扬,故选B项。
17.B　解析:根据上文可知,汤姆无家可归,所以安德森在网上为他以及这一地区的其他无家可归的人“筹(raise)”钱,故选B项。
18.D　解析:由上文the faith可知,此处用介词in表示对某人的信任,show the faith in sb.“对某人有信心”。此处易受空前的show影响而误选介词for。
19.C　解析:根据语境可知,此处表示汤姆得到了工作“机会(offers)”,故选C项。detail“细节”;change“变化”;application“申请”。
20.C　解析:文章最后总结,对于汤姆来说,他的善举是改变他一生的一次“机会(chance)”,故选C项。lesson“课,教训”;adventure“冒险”;challenge“挑战”。(共37张PPT)
语法专题突破
专题七 非谓语动词
英 语
增素能 精准突破
[真题语境]
1.(2021·天津3月卷)China's National Highway 318,______ over 5,000 kilometers from Shanghai to Zhangmu,Tibet,is known as the “heavenly road” for its amazing views.
A.to extend B.extended
C.extending D.being extended
2.(2020·天津卷)______ us prepare for the exam,the teacher suggested reading through our notes.
A.To help B.Helped
C.Helping D.Being helped
C
A
3.(2020·天津第一次统考)The local government doesn't have to sacrifice environmental protection ______economic growth.
A.to be promoted B.being promoted
C.promoting D.to promote
4.(2020·天津卷)The dancer's incredible performance had the audience on its feet ______for 10 minutes at the end of the show.
A.being clapped B.clap
C.clapped D.clapping
5.(2019·天津卷)Most colleges now offer first-year students a course specially ______to help them succeed academically and personally.
A.designed B.designing
C.to design D.being designed
D
D
A
6.(2019·天津卷)______ volcanoes for many years,I am still amazed at their beauty as well as their potential to cause great damage.
A.To study B.Studying
C.Having studied D.Studied
7.(2019·天津卷)______ to think critically is an important skill today's children will need for the future.
A.Learn B.Learned
C.Learning D.Having learned
8.(2019·天津3月卷)The sign on the wall of the library says,“No magazine is allowed ______out of the reading room.”
A.being taken B.to take
C.to be taken D.taking
C
C
C
9.(2018·天津卷)I need a new passport so I will have to have my photograph ______.
A.taking B.taken
C.being taken D.take
10.(2018·天津卷)I didn't mean ______anything but the ice cream looked so good that I couldn't help ______it.
A.to eat;to try B.eating;trying
C.eating;to try D.to eat;trying
11.(2018·天津卷)Mrs.Taylor went around the shops,______ what she thought was necessary.
A.ordered B.ordering
C.to have ordered D.having been ordered
B
D
B
12.(2017·天津卷)I was watching the clock all through the meeting,as I had a train ______.
A.catching B.caught
C.to catch D.to be caught
13.(2017·天津卷)The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment, ______ more patients to be treated.
A.being allowed B.allowing
C.having allowed D.allowed
14.(2017·天津3月卷)______more about amazing animal facts,he made a trip to the nearby nature reserve.
A.Finding out B.Found out
C.To find out D.Being found out
C
B
C
一、非谓语动词作主语
1.动词不定式作主语表示特指的一次性的动作,动词-ing形式作主语表示经常性、习惯性的动作。
2.it用作形式主语,动词不定式或动词-ing形式作真正的主语。
(2)It's no good/use doing sth
[用法点拨]
二、非谓语动词作宾语
1.介词之后一般用动词-ing形式作宾语,不用动词不定式。
2.后面常用动词-ing形式作宾语的及物动词(短语):admit、advise、allow、avoid、admit、appreciate、consider、can't help、delay、deny、enjoy、escape、finish、forbid、insist on、imagine、keep、keep on、mind、miss、oppose、practise、postpone、put off、pardon、permit、risk、recommend、suggest。
3.后面常用动词不定式作宾语的及物动词:agree、ask、beg、care、decide、determine、choose、expect、manage、learn、hope、pretend、offer、promise、plan、refuse、want、wish、threaten。
4.后接不定式和动词-ing形式作宾语意义不同的及物动词。
5.continue to do/doing sth和like to do/doing sth意义差别不大
6.下列短语中的to为介词,后接动词-ing形式作宾语。
look forward to、stick to、pay attention to、devote...to...、contribute to、lead to、be used to/be accustomed to、object to、get down to、be opposed to等。
三、非谓语动词作补足语
1.动词不定式作宾语补足语的常见动词(短语):
ask、allow、advise、beg、cause、encourage、expect、forbid、force、get、intend、invite、like、love、order、persuade、prefer、remind、require、teach、tell、want、warn、wish、wait for、call on、depend on等。
His mother warned him not to stay up too late at night.
他妈妈警告他晚上不要熬夜。
注意:(1)agree、arrange、approve、fear、forgive、demand、congratulate、hope、insist、inform、punish、suggest、propose、welcome、prevent、keep、prevent等后面不能用动词不定式作宾语补足语。
(2)make/let/have后接省略to的不定式作宾语补足语。
(3)hear/listen to/see/look at/observe/notice等感官动词后接省略to的不定式作宾语补足语,表示“听到或看到”动作的全过程。
2.动词-ing形式作宾语补足语,表示宾语和宾语补足语之间为主谓关系(主动含义)。
I shouldn't have kept you waiting for so long a time.
我本不该让你等这么长时间。
With so many people standing in front of him,he couldn't say a single word.
这么多人站在他前面,他一句话也说不出来。
3.过去分词作宾语补足语表示宾语和宾语补足语之间为动宾关系(被动含义)。
When I got home,I found dinner well prepared.
当我到家的时候,我发现晚餐已经准备好了。
With everything bought,he left the market.
东西买齐了,他就离开了市场。
四、非谓语动词作表语
1.不定式作表语表示某一个具体的动作;动词-ing形式作表语表示经常性、习惯性的动作或职业。
2.分词作表语时,常用形容词化了的动词-ing形式或过去分词。当动词-ing形式(exciting、surprising、disappointing、shocking、frightening、etc.)作表语时,表示主语给别人的感受,意为“令人……的”;当过去分词(excited、surprised、disappointed、shocked、frightened、etc.)作表语时,表示主语自身的感受,意为“感觉……的”。
五、非谓语动词作定语
1.动词不定式作定语的三种情形
(1)表示动作尚未发生,如:the meeting to be held tomorrow明天即将举行的会议
(2)当被修饰的名词前出现序数词修饰时用不定式作定语,如:the first settlers to arrive到达的第一批移民
(3)某些固定搭配中,如:
①have the ability to do sth有能力做某事　
②the desire to do sth做……的欲望
2.动词-ing形式作定语
(1)表示被修饰名词的用途、性质。如:
①the swimming pool游泳池　②the waiting room等候室
(2)表示动词与被修饰名词之间为主谓关系,表主动含义。如:
the teacher helping me with my English帮助我学习英语的老师
the falling leaves正在飘落的叶子
(3)过去分词作定语表示被修饰名词和动词之间为动宾关系,表示被动或完成的动作。如:
the fallen leaves飘落下的叶子
a book written by a young writer一位年轻作家写的书
六、非谓语动词作状语
1.动词不定式作状语的四种情况
(1)动词不定式作目的状语,意为“为了;以便”,to do可换为in order to do或so as to do。
(2)动词不定式作结果状语表示出乎意料的结果,而动词-ing形式作结果状语,表示意料之中的、自然而然的结果。
He hurried to the office,only to find the boss had left.他急忙赶到办公室,结果发现老板已经走了。
He kept trying without stop,realizing his dream in time.他不停地尝试,终于实现了他的梦想。
(3)动词不定式作原因状语
在“sb+be+表示情绪的形容词(glad、sad、excited、etc.)to do”句式中,动词不定式表示引起这种情绪的原因。
He felt/was excited to be offered the chance of further study.他很激动,因为有机会继续深造。
(4)动词不定式作修饰性状语
在“sb/sth be easy/hard/difficult/good,etc+to do”句式中动词不定式对前面的表语形容词起限制修饰作用,虽然句子主语跟不定式存在动宾关系,但不定式用主动形式表示被动含义。
This sentence is easy to understand.
这个句子很容易理解。
2.动词-ing形式作状语,表示该动词与句子主语之间为主谓关系(主动含义)
Staring at his mother,he couldn't help crying.
凝视着他的妈妈,他忍不住哭了。
3.过去分词作状语表示该动词与句子主语之间为动宾关系(被动含义)
Encouraged by what his teacher said,he decided to have another try.被老师的话所鼓励,他决定再尝试一次。
4.独立主格结构
“名词/代词+doing/done/to do”构成独立主格结构,用作定语或状语。
There are many tall trees there,some measuring 60 meters.
那里有很多高树,有些高达60米。
He gave me part of my pay,the rest to follow next week.
他给了我部分工资,其余的下周给我。
The watermelon was divided into many pieces,each one can have a piece.
西瓜被切成了很多片,每人可以吃一片。
测效果·课堂评价
一、练基础:单项填空
1.(2022·天津新华中学高三统练)The movie,______ a poor,mountainous area where a girl works at a young age to support her family,moved us deeply.
A.being set in B.to set in
C.set in D.setting in
2.(2022·天津河东高三一模)After ______for the job,you'll be required to take a language test.
A.being interviewed B.interviewed
C.interviewing D.having interviewed
C
A
3.(2022·天津南开一模)Paul has always regretted ______harder at school when he was young.
A.not having studied B.not being studied
C.not studying D.not to study
4.(2022·天津河西一模)All the football players on the playground cheered loudly,______ that I had a talent for football.
A.say B.said C.to say D.saying
5.(2022·天津和平高三一检)Afternoon tea,______ as a light snack to bridge the gap between lunch and dinner,dates back to the 1840s.
A.to design B.designing
C.designed D.having designed
A
D
C
6.(2022·天津滨海重点学校高三一模)______ the programme,they have to stay there for another two weeks.
A.Not completing B.Not completed
C.Not having completed D.Having not completed
7.(2021·天津和平二模)Many Chinese brands,______ their reputations over centuries,are facing new challenges from the modern market.
A.having developed B.being developed
C.developed D.developing
8.(2021·天津南开二模) When everyone came into the house,he was found ______on the floor.
A.lain B.lying
C.being lain D.lie
C
A
B
9.(2021·天津南开一模)That kind of ice-cream ______like a mixture of bananas and strawberries is delicious.
A.tasted B.tastes
C.tasting D.being tasted
10.(2021·天津河北一模)We've had a good start,but next,more work needs ______to achieve the final success.
A.being done B.do
C.to be done D.to do
11.(2021·天津河东一模)—Can you recognize Tom
—______him before,I do not know what he looks like.
A.Not having seen B.Having not seen
C.Not to have seen D.To have not seen
C
C
A
12.(2021·天津河西一模)That is the only way we can imagine ______the overuse of water in students' bathrooms.
A.reducing B.reduced
C.to reduce D.reduce
13.(2021·天津南开二模)The conference ______to discuss how to bring infections down to zero next week is of great significance.
A.to hold B.having been held
C.to be held D.being held
14.(2021·天津南开模拟)I like to get up early so that I can get plenty of work ______before lunch.
A.to do B.doing
C.done D.being done
C
C
C
15.(2021·天津和平一模)When he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds ______the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears.
A.being surrounded B.surrounded
C.surrounding D.to surround
16.(2021·天津红桥一模)______ Chinese culture with overseas cultures is a challenging job,but you will learn a lot from it.
A.Comparing B.Compared
C.Having compared D.Compare
C
A
17.Some of them,______ in rural villages,had never seen a train.
A.to be born and brought up
B.born and brought up
C.having born and brought up
D.having been born and brought up
18.(2019·天津河西质调一)Hearing the news,she rushed out,______ the book ______on the table,and disappeared into the distance.
A.left;lain open B.left;lay opened
C.leaving;lie opened D.leaving;lying open
A
B
二、练语篇:完形填空
During my second year at the city college,I was told that the education department was offering a “free” course,called Thinking Chess,for three credits.I 　1　 the idea of taking the class because,after all,who doesn't want to 　2　 a few dollars More than that,I'd always wanted to learn chess.And, even if I weren't 　3　 enough about free credits,news about our 　4　 was appealing enough to me.He was an international grandmaster,which 　5　 I would be learning from one of the game's 　6　.I could hardly wait to 　7　 him.
Maurice Ashley was kind and smart,a former graduate returning to teach, and this 　8　 was no game for him;he meant business.In his introduction,he made it 　9　 that our credits would be hard-earned.In order to 　10　 the class,among other criteria,we had to write a paper on how we plan to 　11　 what we would learn in class to our future professions and,　12　,to our lives.I managed to get an A in that 　13　 and learned life lessons that have served me well beyond the 　14　.
Ten years after my chess class with Ashley,I'm still putting to use what he 　15　 me:“The absolute most important 　16　 that you learn when you play chess is how to make good 　17　.On every single move you have to 　18　 a situation,process what your opponent(对手) is doing and 　19　 the best move from among all your options.”These words still ring true today in my 　20　 as a journalist.
1.A.put forward B.jumped at C.tried out D.turned down
2.A.waste B.earn C.save D.pay
3.A.excited B.worried C.moved D.tired
4.A.title B.competitor C.textbook D.instructor
5.A.urged B.demanded C.held D.meant
6.A.fastest B.easiest C.best D.rarest
7.A.interview B.meet C.challenge D.beat
8.A.chance B.qualification C.honor D.job
9.A.real B.perfect C.clear D.possible
10.A.attend B.pass C.skip D.observe
11.A.add B.expose C.apply D.compare
12.A.eventually B.naturally C.directly D.normally
13.A.game B.presentation C.course D.experiment
14.A.criterion B.classroom C.department D.situation
15.A.taught B.wrote C.questioned D.promised
16.A.fact B.step C.manner D.skill
17.A.grades B.decisions C.impressions D.comments
18.A.analyze B.describe C.rebuild D.control
19.A.announce B.signal C.block D.evaluate
20.A.role B.desire C.concern D.behavior
答案与解析
1.B　解析:根据上文提到的a “free” course和下文的who doesn't want to 　　　a few dollars可知,作者也想省钱,所以急于接受这个主意。jump at“急于接受”符合语境。put forward“提出”;try out“试验”;turn down“拒绝”都与语境不符。
2.C　解析:根据上文提到的offering a “free” course可知,此处应填save,意为“节省”。
3.A　解析:上文作者提到他总是想学棋,结合前面表达让步关系的连词词组even if可知,此处填excited。be excited about“对……感到兴奋”。
4.D　解析:根据下文的He was an international grandmaster可知,此处指的是作者的指导老师,故选D项。
5.D　解析:指导老师是国际大师,这就“意味着”作者会跟着下棋最好者之一学习,故选D项。
6.C　解析:见上题解析。fastest“最快的”;easiest“最容易的”;rarest“最罕见的”都不符合语境。
7.B　解析:此处表达作者当时的急切心情:迫不及待想见到那位老师,故选B项。
8.D　解析:根据上文的a former graduate returning to teach以及下文的“...no game for him; he meant business.”可知,此处指的是他的这份工作。
9.C　解析:make it clear that...“说明白;讲明白”,可看作是固定句式。
10.B　解析:根据下文的“we had to write a paper...(我们必须要写一篇论文……)”可知,此处指的是“通过这门课程”,所以选B项。attend“上(课)”;skip“逃(课)”;observe“观察”都不符合语境。
11.C　解析:根据下文的to our future professions可知,此处为apply...to...短语,意为“把……应用到……上”。
12.A　解析:句意:我们需要写一篇论文,计划如何把课上学到的东西应用到未来的职业中,最后应用到我们的生活中。根据句意可知选A项。eventually“最后”;naturally“自然地”;directly“直接地”;normally“正常地”。
13.C　解析:文章第一句中的“I was told that the education department was offering a ‘free' course”中有提示。此处为原词复现。
14.B　解析:根据上文“...learned life lessons that have served me well beyond the...”中的“life lessons”可知,所以选B项。
15.A　解析:根据指代关系可知,此处的he指的是作者的指导老师Ashley,故选A项。
16.D　解析:根据下文提到的when you play chess可知,此处指下棋的技巧,故选D项。
17.B　解析:make decisions“作决定”。此处意为“下棋最重要的技巧是作决定”。grade“分数”;impression“印象”;comment“评论”。
18.A　解析:根据空格后面的宾语a situation可知,此处指“分析局势”。analyze“分析”,符合语境。
19.D　解析:上文提到要分析局势,判断对手在做什么,因此要在你所有的选择中评估出最佳的一步。evaluate“评估”符合语境。
20.A　解析:根据下文的as a journalist可知,作者现在是记者。由此判断,此处填role,意为“角色”。desire“欲望;愿望”;concern“关心”;behavior“行为”都与语境不符。(共34张PPT)
语法专题突破
专题八 情态动词
英 语
增素能 精准突破
[真题语境]
1.(2019·天津3月卷)Paul did a great job in the speech contest.He ______ many times last week.
A.need have practised B.might practise
C.must have practised D.could practise
2.(2018·天津卷)I can't find my purse.I ______it in the supermarket yesterday,but I'm not sure.
A.should leave B.must have left
C.might leave D.could have left
C
D
3.(2018·天津3月卷)—What's wrong with the door
—The key has got stuck in it and ______come out.
A.shouldn't B.mustn't
C.needn't D.won't
4.(2017·天津卷)My room is a mess,but I ______clean it before I go out tonight.I can do it in the morning.
A.daren't B.shouldn't
C.needn't D.mustn't
5.(2017·天津3月卷)Someone ______the tap on,for the water was running over and flooding the bathroom.
A.could leave B.must have left
C.might leave D.should have left
D
C
B
[用法点拨]
一、情态动词的基本用法
1.can/could
(1)表能力,意为“能够”。
(2)表许可,意为“可以”(=may)。
(3)表惊讶的语气,意为“能够”。
How can you say such rude words
你怎么能说如此粗鲁的话
(4)表猜测,意为“可能”。用于肯定句时表示一种客观的、一时的可能性;用于否定句和疑问句时表示主观的猜测,can't意为“不可能”。
It can snow in the south of China,too.
中国南方也有可能下雪。
He can't arrive before 5 o'clock.
他不可能在五点前到达。
2.may/might
(1)表许可,意为“可以”,其疑问句的否定回答可以是may not、had better not或mustn't。
(2)表猜测,意为“可能”,只用于肯定句和否定句,表示的是主观猜测。may not意为“可能不”。
(3)may/might well意为“很可能”,may/might as well意为“还是……的好,倒不如”。
It may well be that the train is delayed.
火车很可能晚点了。
If there is nothing more to do,we may as well go to bed.
如果没有别的事要做,我们倒不如去睡觉。
3.must
(1)表命令,意为“必须”,否定式为mustn't表示禁止。
I want to be admitted into a key university,so I must work harder from now on.
我想考入一所重点大学,所以从现在开始我必须更加努力地学习。
(2)表必要性,意为“必须”,否定式为needn't(不必)。
(3)表对抗、反感,意为“非得,偏要”。
Why must you make so much noise 你为什么要制造这么大的声音
(4)表猜测,意为“一定,想必”,否定式为can't(不可能)。
After a whole day's work,you must be tired.工作了一天,你一定是累了。
Father says that I mustn‘t stay out for night.父亲告诉我不能在外面过夜。
4.should
(1)表责任、义务,意为“应该”(=ought to)。
You should show respect to your parents.
你们应该尊重父母。
(2)表推测,意为“理应,应该”,指根据事理、常规所作的推断,不是主观的猜测。
It's Sunday today.Mr.Li should be at home.
今天是星期天。李老师应该在家。
(3)表惊讶,意为“居然,竟然”。
He should have broken his promise.
他居然食言了。
5.shall
(1)用于第一、三人称的疑问句,表示“请求,允许”,比can和may正式,一般用于下级对上级、晚辈对长辈的请示。
Shall the new comer have a try,sir
可以让新来的人尝试一下吗,先生
(2)用于第二人称表示命令、警告、允许。
You shall regret for what you are doing now.
你会为你现在的所作所为后悔的。
(3)用于第一人称表示决心。
I shall have to be careful.我得当心。
(4)表示法律条文、规章制度的要求和规定。
All payments shall be made in cash.所有款项都必须以现金支付。
6.dare
用作情态动词或实义动词,意为“敢”,用作实义动词时,否定句中的to可省略。
—Do you dare go out at night ——你晚上敢外出吗
—No,I dare not.——不,我不敢。
He dares not (to) tell the truth.他不敢说出真相。
7.need
用作情态动词或实义动词。情态动词常用于否定句。needn't=don't have to(不必)。
You needn't worry about his safety.
你不必担心他的安全。
8.will/would
(1)表意愿,意为“愿意”。
I can work with you if you will join us.
如果你愿意加入的话,我可以跟你共事。
(2)表过去的习惯,意为“习惯于,会”。
We would have a walk together after supper when I lived with my parents.
同父母一起生活的时候,晚饭后我们会一起去散步。
(3)表倾向和趋势,意为“(将)会”。
Fish will die without water.
离开了水,鱼会死的。
9.had better have done
用于事后的建议,含轻微责备的语气,意为“当时最好做了某事”。
I had better have started earlier.
我要是早点起程就好了。
10.would rather have done sth
表示“宁愿当时做某事”,其否定形式would rather not have done sth表达相反的含义,两者都含有“后悔”之意。
I would rather have taken his advice.
我宁愿当时接受了他的建议。
11.would like/love to have done sth
表示“过去愿意做某事但未做成”。
I would love to have gone to the party last night,but I had to work extra hours to finish my report.
我昨天晚上本想去参加聚会,但我不得不加班写完报告。
二、情态动词+have done(表示过去的动作或状况)
can/could have done本能够;本可以……
can't/couldn't have done不可能已经……
may/might have done本可能/本可以……
may/might not have done(过去)不可能……
must have done想必已经……;(过去)一定……
should/ought to have done本应该……(却没有……)
shouldn't/oughtn't to have done本不该……(却已经……)
would have done(虚拟)会……
wouldn't have done(虚拟)不会……
You shouldn't have refused him.He's in low spirits.
你本不该拒绝他。他现在情绪低落。
If you had followed my advice,you would have recovered already.
如果听从我的建议,你早就康复了。
He must have made preparations for the competition.
他一定早已为比赛作了准备。
测效果·课堂评价
一、练基础:单项填空
1.(2022·天津新华中学高三统练)In Bhutan,weather ______vary dramatically from place to place,day to day or even within the same day.
A.can B.shall C.must D.need
2.(2022·天津河东高三一模)I ______more careful in that quiz.I made too many stupid mistakes.
A.must be B.must have been
C.could have been D.could be
3.(2022·天津河西高三一模)One of the few things you ______say about British people with certainty is that they can talk a lot about the weather.
A.can B.must C.should D.need
A
C
A
4.(2022·天津和平高三一检)The rules of the town are that the house owners ______keep their gardens in a neat and orderly state.
A.can B.will C.may D.shall
5.(2022·天津滨海重点学校高三一模)—I can't find my purse anywhere.
—You ______have lost it while shopping.
A.may B.can C.should D.would
6.It has been announced that all students ______ put on masks before entering the laboratory for the chemical experiments.
A.Shall B.will C.need D.may
7.It's quite warm here;we ______turn the heating on yet.
A.couldn't B.needn't C.mustn't D.wouldn't
D
A
A
B
8.Water ______to our planet during the first two million years after the birth of the solar system,a study has found.
A.might be brought B.may have been brought
C.could be brought D.should have been brought
9.When I lived in Italy,I ______often eat in the restaurant next to my flat.
A.could B.would C.may D.must
10.—It was not the best time to go there.
—Yes.I ______your advice before I made my decision.
A.could accept B.should accept
C.ought to accept D.should have accepted
B
B
D
11.Why didn't you tell me there was no meeting today I ______all the way here through the heavy snow.
A.needn't have driven B.couldn't have driven
C.should have driven D.must have driven
12.According to a newly released regulation on online video services,no one ______generate,release or spread fake news or information by using such technologies.
A.shall B.can C.will D.may
13.While we ______think we know what we want, we're often wrong.
A.may B.will C.shall D.must
A
A
A
14.—Why did Mary ignore me at the party last night
—She ______you.She wasn't wearing her glasses.
A.shouldn't have seen B.needn't have seen
C.won't have seen D.might not have seen
15.My computer ______start this morning.There must have been something wrong with it.
A.shouldn't B.wouldn't
C.needn't D.mustn't
16.According to the new rule,families with elders and disabled persons ______get more support and assistance.
A.can B.may C.should D.shall
D
B
D
17.Skills like critical thinking and analysis ______be found on the Internet,because they must be acquired in the context of facts.
A.can't B.needn't C.mustn't D.shouldn't
18.—Tony ______what I did annoying though he didn't say anything.
—So you think you will have to make an apology
A.could find B.should have found
C.might find D.must have found
19.—Did Jim come
—I don't know.He ______while I was out.
A.might have come B.might come
C.must have come D.should have come
A
D
A
20.We ______have bought so much food now that Suzie won't be with us for dinner.
A.may not B.needn't C.can't D.mustn't
21.I still remember my happy childhood when my mother ______take me to Disneyland at weekends.
A.might B.must C.would D.should
22.One of our rules is that every student ______wear school uniform while at school.
A.might B.could C.shall D.will
23.What do you mean there are only ten tickets There ______be twelve.
A.should B.would C.will D.shall
B
C
C
A
二、练语篇:完形填空
(2019·全国Ⅰ卷)
Every year about 40,000 people attempt to climb Kilimanjaro,the highest mountain in Africa.They 　1　 with them lots of waste.The 　2　 might damage the beauty of the place.The glaciers(冰川) are disappearing,changing the 　3　 of Kilimanjaro.
Hearing these stories,I'm 　4　 about the place—other destinations are described as “purer” natural experiences.
However,I soon 　5　 that much has changed since the days of disturbing reports of 　6　 among tons of rubbish.I find a 　7　 mountain,with toilets at camps and along the paths.The environmental challenges are 　8　 but the efforts made by the Tanzania National Park Authority seem to be 　9　.
The best of a Kilimanjaro 　10　,in my opinion,isn't reaching the top. Mountains are 　11　 as spiritual places by many cultures.This 　12　 is especially evident on Kilimanjaro as 　13　 go through five ecosystems(生态系统) in the space of a few kilometers.At the base is a rainforest.It ends abruptly at 3,000 meters,　14　 lands of low growing plants.Further up,the weather 　15　—low clouds envelope the mountainsides,which are covered with thick grass.I 　16　 twelve shades of green from where I stand.Above 4,000 meters is the highland 　17　:gravel(砾石),stones and rocks.　18　 you climb into an arctic-like zone with 　19　 snow and the glaciers that may soon disappear.
Does Kilimanjaro 　20　 its reputation as a crowded mountain with lines of tourists ruining the atmosphere of peace I found the opposite to be true.
1.A.keep B.mix C.connect D.bring
2.A.stories B.buildings C.crowds D.reporters
3.A.position B.age C.face D.name
4.A.silent B.skeptical C.serious D.crazy
5.A.discover B.argue C.decide D.advocate
6.A.equipment B.grass C.camps D.stones
7.A.remote B.quiet C.tall D.clean
8.A.new B.special C.significant D.necessary
9.A.paying off B.spreading out C.blowing up D.fading away
10.A.atmosphere B.experience C.experiment D.sight
11.A.studied B.observed C.explored D.regarded
12.A.view B.quality C.reason D.purpose
13.A.scientists B.climbers C.locals D.officials
14.A.holding on to B.going back to C.living up to D.giving way to
15.A.changes B.clears C.improves D.permits
16.A.match B.imagine C.count D.add
17.A.village B.desert C.road D.lake
18.A.Obviously B.Easily C.Consequently D.Finally
19.A.permanent B.little C.fresh D.artificial
20.A.enjoy B.deserve C.save D.acquire
答案与解析
1.D　解析:由上文“每年大约有四万人试图攀爬乞力马扎罗山”和下文“或许会破坏它的美感”可知,众多的登山者带来了许多垃圾。bring with“带来”。故选D项。
2.C　解析:由上文可知,每年约四万人攀爬乞力马扎罗山,拥挤的人群(及所带来的垃圾)或许会影响它的美感。crowds“拥挤的人群”。故选C项。
3.C　解析:由上文可知,此处表示冰川正在消融,改变着乞力马扎罗山的面貌。face“面貌”;position“位置”;age“年龄”;name“名字”。故选C项。
4.B　解析:根据上文讲述的乞力马扎罗山的气候环境变化和下文的“其他旅游景点被描述得更加纯净天然”可知,此处意为听完这些故事,“我”对乞力马扎罗山的自然美景持怀疑态度。skeptical“怀疑的”;silent“沉默的”; serious“严肃的”;crazy“疯狂的”。故选B项。
5.A　解析:根据句首However表示转折可知,与前面的描述不同,作者不久发现了乞力马扎罗山的美。discover“发现”;argue“争论”; decide“决定”;advocate“拥护”。故选A项。
6.C　解析:此处指的是自从乞力马扎罗山上营地周围成吨垃圾的报道后,情况发生了许多变化。下文又接着讲述作者在营地和道路上看到了厕所,由此推知,上文中提到的报道指的是以前的营地是坐落在垃圾堆中的,现在干净了许多。camp“营地”;equipment“装备”;grass“草”;stone“石头”。故选C项。
7.D　解析:本句提到作者在营地和道路旁边看到了许多厕所,与在报道中出现的垃圾堆中的营地截然不同,干净卫生。故选D项。
8.C　解析:前文提到了作者担心乞力马扎罗山面临的严峻的环境问题会毁坏它在人们心目中的美的形象。此处指的是面临的环境考验是很重要的(significant)。故选C项。
9.A　解析:本句but表示转折关系,虽然环境面临着考验,坦桑尼亚国家公园管理局作出的努力似乎挺奏效。pay off“成功;奏效;达到目的”;spread out“展开;铺开”;blow up“爆炸”;fade away“逐渐消失”。故选A项。
10.B　解析:由上文第二段中的“...other destinations are described as ‘purer' natural experiences.”可知此空填experience。句意:在我看来,攀登乞力马扎罗山的最佳体验并不仅仅在于到达顶峰。
11.D　解析:由下文可知,乞力马扎罗山的很多山脉被许多文化视为精神家园。be regarded as...“被视为……”。故选D项。
12.A　解析:本句进一步解释上句内容,为什么乞力马扎罗山的很多山脉被许多文化视为精神家园。随着人们在几千米的空间内穿过五种生态系统,这种“观点”尤其明显。故选A项。
13.B　解析:此处指攀登者可以在几千米的空间内穿过五种生态系统。climber“攀登者”;scientist“科学家”;local“当地人,本地人”;official“官员”。故选B项。
14.D　解析:上文讲到山脚处是雨林,它在3,000米的地方突然结束。“让位”给矮生植物。give way to“给……让位”;hold on to“坚持”;go back to“返回”;live up to“达到”。故选D项。
15.A　解析:由上文可知,有五种生态系统,所以再向上气候又有变化。故选A项。
16.C　解析:由上文可知,低云压山,茂密的草丛覆盖着山腰,本句则为从作者所站之处望去可以数到12种浓淡深浅的绿色。故选C项。
17.B　解析:此处指的是4,000米以上为高原沙漠环境。根据下文的砾石、石头和岩石可知为类沙漠环境的描述。desert“沙漠”;village“村庄”; road“道路”; lake“湖泊”。故选B项。
18.D　解析:由上文可知,作者已经讲了四种生态系统:rainforest、low growing plants、thick grass、highland desert,还有最后的也是最冷的arctic-like zone(类北极地带),故选D项。
19.A　解析:本句意为“类北极地带上方有永久的积雪和冰川,但它们可能不久后会融化”。permanent“永久的”;little“小的”;fresh“新鲜的”; artificial“人造的”。故选A项。
20.B　解析:文章最后作者发出感慨:一个人满为患,原有的宁静被破坏了的乞力马扎罗山还能名副其实吗 “我”发现恰恰相反。故选B项。(共30张PPT)
语法专题突破
专题九 定语从句和名词性从句
英 语
增素能 精准突破
[真题语境]
1.(2021·天津卷)It seemed that I had become ______my parents wanted me to be.
A.when B.where C.what D.whether
2.(2021·天津3月卷)William Hastie once suggested that history informs us of past mistakes ______we can learn without repeating them.
A.from which B.in which
C.with whom D.for whom
3.(2019·天津3月卷)The course normally attracts about 100 students per year, ______ up to half will be from abroad.
A.who B.of which C.when D.of whom
C
A
D
4.(2019·天津3月卷)The opinion ______learning is a lifelong process has been expressed by education experts throughout the years.
A.which B.that C.what D.how
5.(2018·天津3月卷)There was a long wait at the reception desk,______ everyone was checking in.
A.why B.which C.whom D.where
6.(2018·天津3月卷)He studied hard and later became a well-known writer,which was ______his father had expected.
A.why B.how C.that D.what
7.(2018·天津卷)Kate,______ sister I shared a room with when we were at college, has gone to work in Australia.
A.whom B.that C.whose D.her
B
D
D
C
8.(2018·天津卷)The gold medal will be awarded to ______wins the first place in the bicycle race.
A.whomever B.wherever C.whoever D.whatever
9.(2017·天津3月卷)I have reached a point in my career ______I need to decide which way to go.
A.that B.where C.which D.why
10.(2017·天津卷)My eldest son,______ work takes him all over the world,is in New York at the moment.
A.that B.whose C.his D.who
11.(2017·天津卷)She asked me ______I had returned the books to the library,and I admitted that I hadn't.
A.when B.where C.whether D.what
C
B
B
C
[用法点拨]
一、定语从句
1.关系代词who、whom的用法
(1)先行词是人的时候,who在从句中作主语、宾语或表语,whom在从句中作宾语或表语。
(2)紧跟介词之后做宾语时只能用whom。
He's my best friend with whom I can almost sharing everything.
他是我可以几乎与之分享一切的最好朋友。
2.关系代词that、which的用法
(1)先行词是物的时候,that和which经常换用,在从句中作主语、宾语或表语;先行词是人时,that的用法和who相同。
(2)在非限制性定语从句中和紧跟在介词之后作宾语时,只能用which,不用that。
(3)在下列情况下只用that不用which。
①先行词是不定代词或先行词前有不定代词修饰时;②先行词既包含人也包含物时;③先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时;④先行词前有the very、the right、the only、just the等词修饰时;⑤主句中已有代词which时。
He told a lie,which annoyed his father.
他说了谎,这让他父亲很恼火。
There will be many activities,from which you can learn about Chinese traditional culture.
将会有许多活动,你可以从中了解中国的传统文化。
You can take any model that interests you.
你可以拿你感兴趣的任何模型。
I'll never forget the people and places that I visited when I stayed Europe.
我不会忘记我在欧洲期间走访过的那些人和地方。
3.关系代词whose的用法
先行词是人或物时,whose在从句中作定语,“whose+名词”可改为“the+名词+of which/whom”或“of which/whom the+名词”。
They went into a large hall,whose windows (=the windows of which/of which the windows)were bright and beautiful.
他们进了一个窗子又明亮又美丽的大厅。
4.关系代词as的用法
as引导非限制性定语从句,代表整个主句内容,在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。该定语从句可以放在主句前、主句后或插在主句中间。
As was expected,the young man has realized his dream.
=The young man,as was expected,has realized his dream.
=The young man has realized his dream,as was expected.
正如所料,那个男孩实现了他的梦想。
5.关系副词when、where、why的用法
(1)when、where、why分别用于先行词是时间名词、地点名词和原因名词的定语从句中,并在从句中作状语。
(2)when、where、why可换成“介词+which”的形式。
I don't believe the reason why(=for which) he was absent from the party.
我不相信他聚会缺席的原因。
They reached the park where(=in which) they met for the first time.
他们到了他们第一次见面的那个公园。
二、名词性从句
1.连词that、if、whether的用法
(1)that不作句子成分,无意义,表陈述语气,在主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中,指同一个动词后的第二个宾语从句中不能省略。
(2)if/whether不作句子成分,意为“是否”,二者在宾语从句中常换用,但在引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句以及在介词之后的宾语从句中,用whether,不用if。
I have to admit the fact that I'm not quite fit for the position.
我不得不承认我不适合这个职位这一事实。
The problem is whether he's willing to join us in the campaign.
问题是他是否愿意参加到我们的活动中来。
2.连接代词who、whose、what、which和whatever、whichever、who(m)ever、whosever的用法
连接代词在名词性从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语。what意为“什么;什么的(人或物)”,which意为“哪一个”,who(m)意为“谁”,whose意为“谁的”,whatever意为“无论是什么”,whichever意为“无论哪一个”,who(m)ever意为“无论是谁”,whosever意为“无论谁的”
Faced with so many nice flowers,I don't know which ones to choose.
面对这么多漂亮的花,我都不知道该选哪些了。
To tell the truth,I doubt what he said.
说实话,我怀疑他说的话。
3.连接副词when、where、why、how和whenever、wherever、however的用法
连接副词在从句中作状语,when意为“何时”,where意为“何地”,why意为“为什么”,how意为“如何,怎么”,wherever意为“无论在哪里”,whenever意为“无论何时”,however意为“无论如何”。
Maybe this is why he refused my offer.
也许这就是他拒绝我的帮助的原因。
However difficult the work may be,I won't give up easily.
无论工作多么艰难,我也不会轻易放弃。
注意:however= no matter how、whenever=no matter when、wherever=no matter where。
测效果·课堂评价
一、练基础:单项填空
1.(2022·天津南开高三一模)The biggest challenge at the initial phase was to persuade people to work for me,______ was totally outside my experience.
A.what B.that C.which D.who
2.(2022·天津新华中学高三统练)I'll ask the teacher about the subjunctive mood ______I'm very puzzled about;and that's also ______most of our classmates have doubt.
A.which;how B.why;that
C.which;where D.that;how
3.(2022·天津河西高三一模)Peter invited over 30 people to his birthday party, most of ______are his classmates.
A.them B.that C.whom D.which
C
C
C
4.(2022·天津河西高三一模)—Have you finished the novel
—No.I've just read up to______ the children discover the secret cave.
A.what B.that C.which D.where
5.(2022·天津和平高三一检)The sales of our newspaper are dropping and we need to take some preventive measures.I've been thinking about ______we can make the newspaper more interesting.
A.how B.why C.what D.which
6.(2022·天津滨海重点学校高三一模)They talked about the people and things ______they saw in that country.
A.when B.whose C.who D.that
D
A
D
7.The result was not the same ______they had expected,______ was rather disappointing.
A.what;as B.as;that
C.that;which D.as;which
8.Go for a walk in the countryside,______ you can enjoy the beautiful views and a peaceful atmosphere.
A.when B.which C.where D.what
9.There are nearly one hundred foreign students in our university, most of ______are from America and Australia.
A.which B.them C.whom D.those
D
C
C
10.Learning another language is like stepping out of a door,______I can look back and see more clearly my own language.
A.by which B.which
C.through which D.on which
11.I forgot the website ______I intended to add to my favorites.It can help me learn how to write English compositions.
A.which B.where C.when D.on which
12.There are hundreds of scenes in English novels ______characters walk through a landscape of fallen leaves,which mirrors their feelings.
A.that B.where C.which D.when
C
A
B
13.______ work and creative activities have been important drivers of human progress is deeply rooted in our social values.
A.How B.Whether
C.That D.Why
14.______Daisy worked hard for the whole term pleased her parents.
A.That B.What C.How D.After
15.One of the biggest culture differences I noticed in London was ______the people of London conducted themselves.
A.that B.how C.what D.why
16.My friend showed me round the town,______was very kind of him.
A.that B.which C.who D.where
C
A
B
B
17.They lost their way in the forest,and ______made matters worse was that night began to fall.
A.that B.it C.what D.which
18.Tu Youyou was awarded the Nobel Prize,______is considered one of the highest international honours a person can receive.
A.that B.what C.which D.where
19.She lived in two rooms over a tea shop,______ was convenient,since she could send for cakes if she had visitors.
A.where B.in which C.which D.that
C
C
C
20.______ is known to all is that the outstanding academic atmosphere,as well as various festivals and sports,______ many students to our school.
A.It;draw B.Which;draw
C.What;draws D.As;draws
21.Stress is everywhere and in fact it isn't such a bad thing ______it is often supposed to be.
A.that B.as C.what D.which
22.Everyone on the planet is different,and that's ______makes it such a beautiful place.
A.when B.how C.what D.why
C
B
C
23.I'm very grateful to my high school teachers,without ______help I wouldn't be so excellent.
A.their B.whom C.whose D.which
24.Bob made a promise to the manager ______all the work would be finished on time.
A.that B.what C.which D.whether
25.Breaking up is the business of the two lovers,______ no other person should be involved.
A.which B.in that C.that D.in which
26.______ football is such a simple game to play is perhaps the basis of its popularity.
A.What B.Whether C.That D.Which
C
A
D
C
27.Soon after getting off his horse,the captain appeared at the second-floor windows,______he could see nothing but trees.
A.when B.from where
C.which D.from which
B
二、练语篇:阅读表达
I started drawing houses at six.Unlike most girls,my dream was to build a backyard—an unrealistic dream because we lived in an apartment.By high school I continued drawing and my dreams broadened—to become an architect.My elder brother told me that I should take a university education. But my family couldn't afford that kind of education.Still,I fanned the flame of hope.
I got a part-time job at Bayside Bowl and started saving money.My bank account,however,was growing quite slowly.When I looked at college catalogues,I couldn't imagine how I would ever get there.I decided to shrink (缩小) my dreams to a more realistic size.
Soon after that,a newcomer started frequenting Bayside Bowl.She arrived alone and always carried a pink bag with a ball inside.Her dark,wrinkled skin and curly gray hair made her stand out among our younger customers.She talked to me whenever I cleaned near her lane(跑道). I learned her name was Bessie.She had been a singer.In her 20s she had tried to get a job as a restaurant singer.“I was a young black woman,and in the early 1950s doors didn't exactly open wide for me. Zilch(无价值之人)!” she said.
But I appreciated her advice.“Life's like bowling,” she would say.“Set your eyes on your target and follow through.”Indeed,Bessie hadn't let the “zilches” stop her.She had saved up and enrolled in the Brightwood Music Academy.It turned out this lady with the pink bowling bag was the Bessie Richards,a recording artist of the 1960s.
Before leaving,Bessie left me some lines of poetry she had copied from a book.Bessie said,“Read this when the going gets tough.It'll help you follow through and reach for your goal.”These are the lines:
Hold fast to dreams
For if dreams die
Life is a broken-winged bird
That cannot fly.
Hold fast to dreams
For when dreams go
Life is a barren field
Frozen with snow.
A year has passed since I last bowled with Bessie,and I've restarted my drawing.I'm working and saving money,taking drafting classes,and applying for internships(实习).Whenever I'm discouraged,I reread those lines of poetry.There'll be no barren(贫瘠) field of frozen snow nor zilches for me.Inspired by Bessie and the poem,I plan to continue to dream.
1.What was the author's dream when she was in high school (no more than 5 words)
To become an architect.
Or:Becoming an architect.
2.Why did the author shrink her dream to a realistic size (no more than 10 words)
Because her family/she couldn't afford a university education.
3.How do you understand the underlined sentence “Life's like bowling” (no more than 20 words)
Just like playing bowling,we need to set our eyes on the target in life and follow through.
4.Describe one of Bessie's characteristics and explain why.(no more than 15 words)
She is/was inspiring because she encouraged the author to pursue her dream.
Or:She is/was determined/brave/persistent because she strove for/worked towards her goal.
5.Who is the “Bessie” in your life How does he or she help you to pursue your dream (no more than 30 words)
My mom is my “Bessie”.It was my mom who encouraged me to keep playing the piano when I considered quitting and now I can play well.(共26张PPT)
语法专题突破
专题十 并列句和状语从句
英 语
增素能 精准突破
[真题语境]
1.(2019·天津3月卷)Watch out for injuries while exercising.Always stop ______you begin to feel any pain.
A.in order that B.even if
C.ever since D.as soon as
2.(2018·天津卷)Let's not pick these peaches until this weekend ______they get sweet enough to be eaten.
A.ever since B.as if
C.even though D.so that
D
D
3.(2018·天津3月卷)Make sure you save all your work on screen ______the computer breaks down.
A.in case B.as if
C.so that D.even though
4.(2017·天津3月卷)I just sat by the window watching the passing scene ______I caught the eye of a waiter and ordered my meal.
A.once B.while
C.until D.since
A
C
[用法点拨]
一、并列句和并列连词
1.and(并列和顺承),but/yet(转折),so(因果),or/otherwise(假设)。
Stick to your promise,otherwise you will be laughed at.信守承诺,否则你会被人耻笑的。
2.for(因为)表示补充的理由。其前用逗号与第一个分句隔开。
He must be honest,for he's loved by everyone.
他一定很诚实,因为大家都喜欢他。
3.when(这时)用于下列三种句式中。
He was having dinner when someone knocked at the door.他正在吃饭,这时有人敲门。
We were about to give up when the guide came to our aid.我们正要放弃,这时导游过来帮忙了。
I had just gone to bed when my phone rang.
我刚刚上床,这时我的电话就响了。
4.while(然而)表示前后对比。
I prefer listening to music while my husband shows interest in writing.
我喜欢听音乐,而我丈夫对写作感兴趣。
二、状语从句和从属连词
1.时间状语从句引导词:when、while、as、before、after、until/till、since(与完成时连用)、once、as soon as/the moment/the minute/the second/the instant/immediately/directly/instantly/the first/second time、by the time。
Once you see it,you'll never forget it.
一旦见到它,你就忘不了它了。
I've been teaching in this school since I graduated from college.
我大学毕业以来一直在这所学校任教。
As spring draws near,it's becoming warmer and warmer.
随着春天的来临,天气越来越暖和了。
2.地点状语从句的引导词:where、wherever、everywhere。
Where there's a will,there's a way.有志者,事竟成。
3.原因状语从句的引导词:because、since、as、now that、in that、when。
I won't say anything when(=now that/since) you show no interest in this topic.
既然你们对这个话题不感兴趣,我什么也不说了。
The twins are similar in that they both like having rice.
这对双胞胎很相似,因为他们都喜欢吃米饭。
4.结果状语从句的引导词:so that。
He worked hard at his study so that he broke through in this field.
他致力于他的研究,结果在这个领域取得了突破。
5.条件状语从句(用现在时表将来)的引导词:if、unless、as/so long as、in case(万一)、on condition that、for fear(以防)。
In case something unusual happens,please let me know.
万一发生意外的事,请告诉我。
You'll probably be ignored,unless you gain some achievements to make yourself stand out.
你很可能被忽略,除非你取得一些成就让自己突出。
6.让步状语从句的引导词:although、though、as、even if/though、whether、no matter when/where/how/who...、whatever/whenever/whoever...。
Young man as/though he is,he's an expert in this company.
虽然年轻,但他是这家公司的一位专家。
Even if I fail 100 times,I won't give up my goal.
即使失败100次,我也不会放弃我的目标。
Whether he comes or not,we'll hold the meeting as planned.
无论他是否会来,我们都将按计划举行会议。
Whatever you may say,I'll believe you.
无论你说什么,我都相信你。
7.方式(伴随)状语从句的引导词:as(以……方式,按照)、as if/though。
He talked about the game so excitedly,as if he had joined in it himself.
他如此兴奋地谈论这场比赛,仿佛他亲自参加了比赛一样。
I did everything as you had told me.
我按照你说的做了所有事情。
8.目的状语从句的引导词:so that、in order that、in case (that)。
We had to work around the clock so that we could finish the task before the deadline.
为了赶在最后期限之前完成任务,我们不得不夜以继日地工作。
You'd better take the keys in case (that) I'm out.
你最好带上钥匙,以防我不在家。
9.比较状语从句的引导词:than、as/so...as、“the more...,the more...(越……就越……)”。
I'm missing you just as much as you are doing.
我对你的思念恰如你对我的思念一样。
The more you give him,the more he will want.
你给他的越多,他想要的就越多。
测效果·课堂评价
一、练基础:单项填空
1.(2022·天津南开高三一模)You can only realize how hard this job is ______you really experience it.
A.unless B.until
C.when D.before
2.(2022·天津南开高三一模)______ food delivery services bring convenience,they let students form some lazy habits.
A.As B.Because
C.While D.Whatever
3.(2022·天津新华中学高三统练)As a language grows,new words are introduced ______many words fall out of use.
A.unless B.so that C.while D.in case
C
C
C
4.(2022·天津河西一模)______ the weather has cleared up,we can start our journey.
A.In case B.Now that
C.Even though D.Ever since
5.(2022·天津河东高三一模)We packed all the books in the boxes ______they wouldn't get damaged.
A.as long as B.as if
C.in case D.so that
6.(2022·天津和平高三一检)I also water the flowers in the yard and tidy up my own bedroom ______necessary.
A.whatever B.whenever
C.no matter which D.no matter where
B
D
B
7.(2022·天津和平高三一检)Before getting into the car,I thought I had learned the instructor's orders,______ started the car,my mind went blank.
A.so B.and
C.for D.yet
8.(2022·天津滨海重点学校高三一模)In my opinion,the topic is too difficult to understand.Try to simplify your speech ______it goes beyond the children.
A.even though B.now that
C.so that D.in case
9.(2021·天津南开一模)A number of high buildings have arisen ______there was nothing a year ago.
A.where B.which C.that D.when
D
D
A
10.(2021·天津和平一模) I only take on work that excites me,______ it means turning down lots of money.
A.as if B.in case C.now that D.even if
11.(2021·天津红桥一模)—How long will it be ______the professor makes another visit to China
—It all depends.
A.until B.before C.since D.when
12.(2021·天津河东一模)—What do you think of the teacher
—______ she is elegant,she can be extremely difficult to deal with.
A.Even if B.As
C.Because D.While
D
B
D
13.______ the damage is done,it will take many years for the farmland to recover.
A.Until B.Unless C.Once D.Although
14.______ violin is his main focus,David is also good at guitar.
A.Since B.Once C.Unless D.While
15.(2021·天津和平二模)______ the content of this letter can be confidential, security is an issue that you must address.
A.Although B.Since C.Unless D.After
16.(2021·天津南开二模) ______everyone has left the party,we need to start cleaning.
A.Before B.Whenever C.Now that D.In case
C
D
B
17.(2021·天津河西二模) Several years later,Helen and Zhou Mei met again in New York and they picked up their friendship ______it left off.
A.where B.what
C.how D.when
18.______ online shopping has changed our life,not all of its effects have been positive.
A.Since B.After
C.While D.Unless
19.House prices vary from place to place and are usually high ______there are famous schools.
A.where B.when
C.which D.whether
A
C
A
20.It is snowing heavily,______ it is impossible for us to arrive at our destination tonight.
A.as long as B.even though
C.so that D.now that
21.The new teacher was so well-organized that she began ______we stopped yesterday so that no point was left out.
A.when B.in which
C.how D.where
22.Why do you want a new job ______you've got such a good one already
A.that B.where
C.which D.when
C
D
D
23.—I'd like to find a job in the library.
—Good idea,______ it doesn't affect your studies.
A.now that B.as soon as
C.as long as D.even if
24.—Did you remember to give Mary the money you owed her
—Yes.I gave it to her ______I saw her.
A.while B.the moment
C.suddenly D.once
C
B
二、练语篇:阅读表达
(2021·天津南开二模)
Nowadays even your grandmother is not likely to call you on your landline. Evidence indicates that the elderly are in fact adapting to new technology quite easily, especially as digital technology continues to become ever more user-friendly. For those who do have difficulty, help is at hand.
In many countries, the elderly can receive free training in the use of computers, and learn how to correspond by email, how to send photos and voice messages, and how to use the Internet for shopping and other services. Across the world, centres for the elderly report that their most popular classes are in the use of smartphones and tablets. It is clear that the elderly have already come to rely on digital technology to help them remain independent and keep in touch with friends and relatives.
Elderly people enjoy using technology for the same reasons as the rest of us: entertainment and leisure. Having plenty of free time, many elderly people like to find out new things or write down their experiences. Being able to use a computer, smartphone or tablet makes this easier to do, and can open the door to interesting hobbies. Many social media sites developed for the younger generation are now being enjoyed by the elderly, too. And for elderly people who may be unable to leave their homes without assistance, communication with the outside world is essential to preventing loneliness and allowing them to call for help in emergencies. In Singapore, the elderly are even turning to robots to keep them in good physical shape.
So it would seem that rather than being afraid of new technology, the elderly have much to gain from it, and are embracing it fully. As digital technology comes down in price, and becomes easier to operate, it could help to transform old age for millions of people.
1.Why are elderly people less likely to call our landlines (no more than 15 words)
Because they are adapting to new technology quite easily.
Or:Because digital technology becomes more user-friendly,and elderly people are adapting to it easily.
2.What does the underlined word in paragraph 2 mean (1 word)
Communicate.
3.What is the main idea of Paragraph 3 (no more than 10 words)
Elderly people use technology for entertainment and leisure.
4.According to the text, how could digital technology change elderly people's life in the future (no more than 10 words)
By lowering prices and making it easier to operate.
5.If you were old, what would you like the technology to help you with in daily life Please explain why. (no more than 20 words)
观点态度题。考生要表达正确、观点积极、有正能量。