2.26 完形填空 微技能二 导学案（含解析）-2025届高三英语二轮复习

专题三 完形填空解题技巧-微技能二
【预习要求】能注意完形填空中所涉及的微技能二，作者态度或感彩的解题策略，并完成典例。
【学习目标】1.四种技巧智取句组层次题
2.两种思路解决语篇层次题
【技巧归纳1】3种技巧智取句组层次题
　　句组层次题是比句内层次题稍难一级的题目，其解题信息分布在空格前后的一组意群之中，解题时需瞻前顾后，综合意群信息解答。也就是说，根据本句信息不足以解题，还要根据空格前后找信息源。
技巧（一）　利用语义复现解题
复现是一种语义衔接手段，它通过原词、同义词/近义词、反义词、上义词、下义词或同根词等重复出现来表达某一概念，使整篇文章上下连贯，有机地衔接在一起。因此，学生可根据文章的具体情况，理解文章的结构和语境，利用文章中的语义复现来选出正确答案。
词汇复现的语用意义使得句子相互衔接和连贯。完形填空往往通过词汇复现来提示答案，常见的词汇复现形式如下：
1．原词复现
【典例】　(2024·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)I've been motivated—and demotivated—by other folks' achievements all my life.
...First, a girl I met one day told me she was 43.training for a “super，” referring to a 52.4 mile double marathon. Then, the next day I went on my longest run—15 miles. To be honest, I 44.hated it! Between the girl making my __45__ seem small and the pure boredom of jogging, I decided that the only 46.reason I'd ever run again is if a big dog was running after me!
A.advantage　　　B．achievement C．contribution D．Influence
【典例】　（2023·全国乙卷）
“I’m going to inspire so many people，” she said. “I’m ready to 　60　.” And shine she did.
60.A.shine　　　 B.fly　　　 C.dance　　　 D.score
2．同源词复现
【典例】　(2024·浙江卷1月)Over several hours he would tell me about how he had 45.attended a two year professional school to quickly find a job __46__ highways in order to help support his family...
It would have been easy to 51.rely__on my assumptions about this highway builder who had never been more than a few hundred miles from home.
46．A.building　　　　B．sweeping C．checking D．guarding
3．同义/近义/反义词复现
【典例】(2024·全国甲卷)There, they would walk through deep water, sit down cross legged underwater and hold their 52.breath while they watched all action going on around them. This is something I 53.admire—her ability to open her _54 underwater and still sit comfortably on the seabed.
54．A.hands　　　B．mouth C．eyes D．arms
4．上下义词复现
【典例】　(2024·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)The 50.problem：The roads there went through large valleys where I'd be riding uphill for miles at a time. I'd never faced such __51__ .
51．A.dangers B．events C．opponents D．challenges
技巧（二）　利用作者的情感态度解题
在做完形填空题时，我们一定要在快速阅读文章的过程中，仔细找出能够反映作者情感态度的重要词汇，它们往往是名词、形容词、副词或动词。这些词汇通常是我们做题时重要的参照线索，可以帮助我们快速确定某些题目的正确答案。
【典例】　（2023·全国甲卷）
It was a very nice 45.gesture for him to make. But when we looked at the tomatoes， we were 46.worried because they were so misshapen： not at all like the nice， round， 47.shiny things you get in a supermarket. And the wine was cloudy， in a funny old bottle with no label （标签） on it. These can’t be any 48.good， we thought. But we were 　49　 his kindness， so we 50.tried them.
A.sympathetic to　　　　　B.thankful for C.cautious about　　 D.interested in
【典例】　（2024·新课标Ⅱ卷节选）
　　... After I made Italy my permanent home， I discovered how 　46　 Italians are.Neighbors will bring me freshly made cheese and will come to my door to 47.remind me to close the window in my car when rain is coming.It’s these small 48.acts of kindness that make a new country feel like home.
46.A.open-minded　　　　　 　　B.strong-willed C.warm-hearted D.well-informed
技巧（三）　利用语境暗示分析法解题
在句组层次题中，有些题目往往也需要通过上下文的语境暗示来解题，即根据已知信息，推导出正确答案。
【典例】　（2023·全国乙卷）
By 55.winning the Olympic all-around title， she became the first black woman to do so. She 　56　 the competition from beginning to end. She said she had felt 57.confident all along that she would win.
Not so long ago， Martha Karolyi， the coordinator （联络人） of the women’s national team， did not think Douglas had what it 58.took to be an Olympian.
A.followed　　　 B.organized　　　 C.watched　　　 D.led
（2023·新课标Ⅱ卷节选）
　　When I met Tiffy’s owners， they seemed very 47.nervous. George， the husband， was trying to be calm， but I could tell this was 　48　 for him， having to leave his dog to a 49.stranger and trust that everything would 50.work out.
48.A.hard　　　　B.fine　　　　C.common　　　　D.lucky
【技巧归纳2】两种思路解决语篇层次题
　　语篇层次题是完形填空中难度最高的试题，也是学生的拉分题。此类试题需要立足全文，站在整个语篇的角度才能选出正确答案。
思路（一）　利用首尾呼应关系解题
【典例】　（2024·全国甲卷节选）
　　One day， we had a family dinner.While the adults were busy with their serious talk outside， I was left alone in the 41.kitchen to help my grandmother wash dishes.42.As always， my grandmother would tell me stories about her childhood.
　　...
　　I’ve never faced the problem of 58.education.I guess our different childhood background is what makes my grandmother such an amazing person to 59.talk to： her stories always make my history textbooks 　60　.
60.A.come true　　　　　　B.come round C.come out D.come alive
思路（二）　利用文章发展脉络解题
【典例】　（2022·全国甲卷）
You can tell a lot about a man by how he treats his dogs.
…
The next week we 47.walked our dogs together. It was a hot day. When we paused to catch our 48.breath， Steve got down on one knee. Was he proposing （求婚）？ I liked him too， but so 49.soon？ He poured water from a bottle into his hand and offered it to my dogs. 50.In that moment， I began to fall for him.
…
A year later， much to my 58.delight， this man produced a little box with a ring and proposed to me. He did not kneel （跪） down， nor did I 59.need him to. That’s only for giving 　60　 to the dogs that brought us together.
A.toys　　　 B.awards　　　 C.food　　　 D.water
二、【训练检测】
Passage A
（2024·厦门模拟）As a writer， I miss rejection slips.Not that I enjoyed receiving those pre-printed slips of paper， but at least when I got one， I was pretty sure that a flesh-and-blood 　1　 had put it in the envelope.And there was always the chance I might see a handwritten sentence on the bottom， 　2　 the piece almost made it.When an editor at McCall’s wrote， “I’m afraid I have to say no on this 　3　 piece， but try me again on another， would you？” It was almost as 　4　 to me as if she had said， “We’ll 　5　 it and here is an advance for you.”
　　Nowadays， rejection slips seem to have disappeared with the use of online submissions.Most editors don’t feel it a must to 　6　 they have received， read， or considered your work because they receive so many 　7　 each day.
　　For me， there are three 　8　 of rejection slip pain.The first is 　9　 brought on by finding a flat “no” on a 　10　piece of paper， then followed by anger （how could they 　11　 a piece that is obviously so much 　12　 than most of the stuff they print）， and， finally， rebirth： I will live to 　13　a new piece another day.
　　Learning to 　14　 rejection seems like part of growing up as a writer.Despite the many letters of acceptance I have received， my folder of “Noteworthy Rejection Slips” is far 　15　than that of “Noteworthy Acceptances”， which indicates to me the fact： I still have some growing up to do.
1.（　）A.writer B.reader C.mailman D.editor
2.（　）A.demanding B.indicating C.suspecting D.arguing
3.（　）A.boring B.novel C.lengthy D.particular
4.（　）A.thrilling B.upsetting C.embarrassing D.amusing
5.（　）A.buy B.reject C.check D.substitute
6.（　）A.prove B.determine C.explain D.acknowledge
7.（　）A.proposals B.drafts C.contributions D.instructions
8.（　）A.meanings B.stages C.wonders D.rewards
9.（　）A.relief B.frustration C.anger D.hesitation
10.（　）A.valueless B.expensive C.characterless D.shiny
11.（　）A.make up B.put away C.turn down D.insist on
12.（　）A.easier B.better C.shorter D.longer
13.（　）A.print B.revise C.download D.submit
14.（　）A.accept B.criticize C.judge D.evaluate
15.（　）A.thinner B.fatter C.older D.newer
Passage B
题源：New York Times
It was a cold winter day. I was on my way to the supermarket when I saw an elderly man __1__ on the sidewalk. He seemed to be __2__ and was having trouble getting up. Without hesitation, I __3__ my shopping bags and rushed to his side.
I asked if he was okay and if he needed any __4__. He said he had slipped on the ice and hurt his leg. I helped him to his __5__ and asked if there was someone I could call for him. He __6__ a number, and I used my phone to make the call.
While we were waiting for his family to arrive, I stayed with him and tried to keep him __7__. We talked about various things to __8__ his mind off the pain. I learned that he lived alone and didn't have many friends or relatives in the city.
Finally, his family __9__ and thanked me for my help. I felt a warm sense of __10__ inside. It was a small act of kindness, but it made a big __11__ to the elderly man.
As I continued on my way to the supermarket, I couldn't stop thinking about how good it felt to help someone in __12__. It made me realize that even the __13__ gestures can have a profound impact on another person's life.
I __14__ that day that we should always be __15__ to help those in need, as it can bring joy and meaning to both them and ourselves.
1．A.sitting　　　　 B．lying C．standing D．walking
2．A.in danger B．in silence C．in pain D．in surprise
3．A.dropped B．raised C．carried D．held
4．A.food B．money C．help D．information
5．A.car B．house C．chair D．feet
6．A.gave out B．looked up C．thought of D．wrote off
7．A.awake B．warm C．asleep D．happy
8．A.make B．take C．turn D．change
9．A.left B．came C．called D．disappeared
10．A.sadness B．anger C．satisfaction D．worry
11．A.decision B．difference C．mistake D．promise
12．A.need B．home C．hospital D．tension
13．A.smallest B．slowest C．strangest D．smartest
14．A.realized B．forgot C．regretted D．remembered
15．A.afraid B．sorry C．ready D．unable
Passage C
（2023·济宁模拟）One summer night in a seaside cottage， a small boy was in bed， sound asleep. Suddenly， he felt himself 　1　 from bed and carried in his father’s arms on to the beach. Overhead was the clear starry sky. “Watch！” As his father spoke， 　2　， one of the stars moved. It 　3　 across the sky like a golden fire. And before the 　4　 of this could fade， another star leapt from its place， then another ...
“What is it？” the child asked in 　5　.
“Shooting stars. They 　6　 every year on a certain night in August.”
That was all： just an 　7　 encounter of something magic and beautiful. But， back in bed， the child stared into the dark， with mind full of the falling stars.
I was the 　8　 seven-year-old boy whose father believed that a new experience 　9　 more for a small boy than an unbroken night’s sleep.
That night， my father opened a door for his child， leading him into an area of splendid 　10　.Children are naturally curious， but they need someone to 　11　 them. This art of adding new dimensions to a child’s world doesn’t 　12　 require a great deal of time. It simply 　13　 doing things more often with children instead of for them or to them. Good parents know this： The most precious gift they can give a child is to spark their flame of 　14　. That night is still deeply 　15　 in my memory. Next year， when August comes with its shooting stars， my son will be seven.
1.A.hidden　　 B.robbed C.lifted　　 D.kicked
2.A.incredibly B.accidentally C.apparently　　 D.actually
3.A.exploded　 　 B.circled C.spread　　 D.flashed
4.A.success　　 B.wonder C.exhibition　　 D.discovery
5.A.amazement　　 B.horror C.relief　　 D.delight
6.A.blow up　　 B.turn up C.show off　　 D.give out
7.A.uncomfortable　　 B.unbearable C.undetected　　 D.unexpected
8.A.curious　　 B.determined C.fortunate　　 D.chosen
9.A.worked　　 B.mattered C.deserved　　 D.proved
10.A.newness　　 B.emptiness C.freedom　　 D.innovation
11.A.protect　　 B.challenge C.guide　　 D.believe
12.A.absolutely　　 B.basically C.possibly　　 D.necessarily
13.A.involves　　 B.risks C.admits　　 D.resists
14.A.hope　　 B.curiosity C.faith　　 D.wisdom
15.A.trapped　　 B.set C.lost　　 D.rooted
完形填空解题技巧- 微技能二答案
技巧（一）　利用语义复现解题
原词复现
[分析]　本题可以利用原词复现解答。根据上文中的“I've been motivated...by other folks' achievements”可知，作者一直因为其他人的成就而得到或失去动力；又根据上文中的“a 52.4 mile double marathon”和“15 miles”可知，与那个女孩的高强度训练相比，作者跑15英里的成就显得很渺小。achievements与空处是原词复现。[自主解答]　B
【典例】解析　利用原词复现解题。设空处后一句出现了关键词shine，对比四个选项可以根据原词复现快速确定答案。
自主解答　A
2．同源词复现
[分析]　本题可以利用同源词复现解答。根据下文中的“this highway builder”可知，年轻人是公路建设者。builder与空处是同源词复现。
[自主解答]　A
3．同义/近义/反义词复现
[分析]　本题可以利用同义词复现解答。根据上文中的“they would walk through deep water...watched all action going on around them”可知，她可以在水下睁开眼。watched与空处是同义词复现。
[自主解答]　C
4．上下义词复现
[分析]　本题可以利用上下义词复现解答。根据上文中的“be riding uphill for miles at time”可知，作者要一次骑好几英里的上坡路，这对作者而言是挑战。challenge是be riding uphill for miles at a time的上义词。
技巧（二）　利用作者的情感态度解题
【典例】解析　利用作者的情感态度解题。根据上文It was a very nice 45.gesture for him to make.可知，作者认为邻居的行为是表达善意。因此，尽管礼物的外观看起来不怎么好，作者对Mario的善良还是很感激的。
自主解答　B
【典例】　解题思路　利用作者的情感态度解题。根据下文kindness等情感词可推测，作者对意大利人持积极、赞扬的态度；再结合下文描述意大利人分享食物、提醒作者关车窗可知，此处强调意大利人的热心。
参考答案　　C　
技巧（三）　利用语境暗示分析法解题
【典例】解析　利用语境暗示分析法解题。根据上文可知，道格拉斯赢得了比赛，再根据下文from beginning to end可推断，设空处想表达道格拉斯在全程比赛中一直处于优势地位。lead有“处于领先地位”之意。
自主解答　D
解题思路　利用语境暗示分析法解题。根据本空后的having to leave his dog可推知，由于不得不将宠物狗交到一个陌生人手中，要保持镇定对主人而言是非常难的。
参考答案　　A　
思路（一）　利用首尾呼应关系解题
解题依据　完形填空的语篇或段落存在上下文或首尾呼应的关系，通过结合首段（或首句）和尾段（或尾句）信息，可以更好地解答部分题目。
解题思路　利用首尾呼应关系解题。文章首段提到“奶奶经常会给作者讲关于她童年的故事”，尾段则与其呼应，再次告诉我们“不同的童年背景使奶奶成为一个令人惊叹的聊天对象，她的故事总是让作者的历史教科书栩栩如生”。
参考答案　　D　
名师点津　完形填空往往采用首尾相呼应的手法，在文章结尾处升华主题。因此，学生应学会首尾兼顾来解答此类题目。
思路（二）　利用文章发展脉络解题
【典例】解题依据　叙事类的完形填空在行文结构上往往包括：故事开端——发展——高潮——结局等不同情节，学生应梳理文章发展脉络，理清行文结构。
解析　利用文章发展脉络解题。文章首段提出了一个观点：根据一个人如何对待他的狗，你就能判断这个人。根据下文可知，作者是一位动物爱好者，她的男友Steve也是一位动物爱好者。在两人约会的过程中，Steve喂作者的小狗喝水的一幕深深打动了作者。一年之后，作者欣然接受了Steve的求婚。Steve没有通过下跪的方式向作者求婚，因为作者认为下跪这个动作只是为了给那些让他们走到一起的小狗们“喝水”才做的。
自主解答　D
二、【训练检测】
Passage A
语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者是一名作家，他就自己经常收到的退稿信发表了一些感悟。
1.D　根据下文When an editor at McCall’s wrote可知，此处指的是编辑。
2.B　根据上文I might see a handwritten sentence on the bottom可知，编辑留下的句子表明这篇文章几乎快要成功了。
3.D　根据下文but try me again on another， would you可知，这是对于拒绝投稿的委婉的说法，赞扬文章很特别，但是不得不拒绝。
4.A　根据下文描述可知，因为提前支付预付款，所以作者很激动。
5.A　根据下文here is an advance for you可知，此处表示将要购买。
6.D　根据上文Nowadays， rejection slips seem to have disappeared with the use of online submissions.可知，如今，由于网上投稿，退稿单似乎已经消失了，大多数编辑并不觉得必须承认他们已经收到、阅读或考虑过你的作品。
7.C　根据上文they have received， read， or considered your work可知，此处指编辑每天收到很多投稿作品。
8.B　根据The first、 then和finally可知，此处指被拒绝后的痛苦有三个阶段。
9.B　根据下文by finding a flat “no”可知，发现被拒绝首先应该感受到的是挫败感。
10.C　根据上文because they receive so many 　7　 each day可知，编辑拒绝投稿的纸条应该是没有个性的，千篇一律的。
11.C　根据上文then followed by anger可知，此处表示作者的愤怒：他们怎么能拒绝一份明显比他们印刷的大多数东西都要好得多的作品？
12.B　根据空后than most of the stuff they print可知，作者认为自己的投稿明显比他们印刷的大多数作品都要好得多。
13.D　根据空后a new piece another day可知，此处表示重新提交一份新的作品。
14.A　根据下文seems like part of growing up as a writer可知，作者认为学会接受拒绝是作为作家成长的一部分。
15.B　根据下文which indicates to me the fact： I still have some growing up to do可知，作者“值得注意的退稿通知书”文件夹比“值得注意的采纳通知书”文件夹要厚得多。
Passage B
1.B　解析：根据下文“He seemed to be...trouble getting up.”可知，老人是躺(lie)在地上。
2．C　解析：根据下文“he had slipped on the ice and hurt his leg”可知，这位老人伤到了腿，所以他正处于痛苦中。in pain意为“在痛苦中”。
3．A　解析：根据语境及常识可知，作者看到老人有困难，应该是放下(drop)购物袋去帮忙。
4．C　解析：根据下文“He said he had slipped...I could call for him.”可知，此处指作者问那位老人是否需要帮助(help)。
5．D　解析：根据语境及常识可知，在那种情况下作者帮助那位受伤的老人站起来。help sb.to one's feet意为“帮助某人站起身来”。
6．C　解析：根据下文“and I used my phone to make the call” 可知，老人想到(think of)了一个电话号码，然后作者用自己的电话联系。
7．B　解析：通读全文，尤其是根据上文“It was a cold winter day.” 可知，故事是发生在一个寒冷的冬天，所以作者试图让老人暖和(warm)一些。
8．B　解析：根据下文mind off the pain并结合常识可知，这里是指通过聊天转移老人对疼痛的注意力。take one's mind off...意为“使某人的注意力从……转移开”。
9．B　解析：根据下文and thanked me for my help可知，此处指老人的家人到达(come)了现场。
10．C　解析：根据语境可知，作者帮助了别人，内心有一种满足感(satisfaction)。
11．B　解析：根据上文“It was a small act of kindness, but”中的small和表转折关系的but可知，这里表示尽管是一个小小的善举，但对老人也产生了很大的影响。make a difference意为“有影响、起作用”。
12．A　解析：根据下文to help those in need可知，这里表示帮助那些需要帮助的人。in need意为“在困难中的，需要帮助的”。
13．A　解析：根据上文a small act of kindness可知，此处指即使是最小的(smallest)举动也能产生深远影响。
14．A　解析：根据上文“It made me realize”可知，通过这件事作者意识到(realize)了一个道理。
15．C　解析：根据下文help those in need可知，此处指我们应该随时准备帮助有需要的人。be ready to do sth. 意为“准备好做某事、乐意做某事”。
Passage C
语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者通过回忆自己童年的经历告诉我们：父母给孩子最珍贵的礼物就是激发他们的好奇心。
1解析：C　根据下文and carried in his father’s arms on to the beach可知，小男孩被父亲从床上抱起来。
2解析：A　根据上文Watch！及下文one of the stars moved可知，一颗星星在小男孩父亲说话的时候开始移动，这让人觉得不可思议。
3解析：D　根据下文可知，此处指一颗星星划过夜空。
4解析：B　根据上文one of the stars moved及下文another star leapt from its place， then another ...可知，一颗接一颗的星星在天空中划过，这是一个奇迹。
5解析：A　根据语境可知，星星一颗接着一颗从天空中划过的景象，对孩子来说是很神奇的事。
6解析：B　此处指每年八月的某个晚上流星就会出现。
7解析：D　根据语境可知，此处指小男孩意外看到流星。
8解析：C　根据上文讲述的小男孩意外看到流星的事情可知，此处作者说自己就是那个幸运的男孩。
9解析：B　根据语境可知，此处指新的经历更重要。
10解析：A　根据上下文可知，此处指父亲带作者看流星，让作者了解到新事物。
11解析：C　根据上文my father opened a door for his child， leading him into an area可知，此处指孩子要有人引导。
12解析：D　根据下文可知，此处指给孩子的世界增添新维度并不一定需要很多时间。
13解析：A　根据上文可知，为孩子的世界增添新维度需要父母和孩子们一起做事。 involve表示“包括；需要”。
14解析：B　根据上文Children are naturally curious可知，此处指好的父母知道激发孩子们的好奇心。
15解析：D　根据下文可知，作者打算在明年八月份的某个夜晚带自己七岁的孩子看流星，可见父亲带作者一起看流星的记忆植根于他的记忆中。be rooted in固定搭配，意为“植根于”。