Unit 2 Morals and virtues
重点单词变形,短语,句型,语法练习
重点单词变形
1. moral adj. 道德的; 道义上的→____________________ adv. 道义上; 道德上→ ____________________ adj. 不道德的; 邪恶的
2. precious adj. 珍稀的; 宝贵的→ ____________________ adv. 过分讲究地; 昂贵地
3. marry v. (和某人)结婚; 嫁; 娶→ ____________________ adj. 已婚的→____________________ n. 结婚; 婚姻
4. major adj. 主要的; 重要的; 大的→ ____________________ n. 大部分; 大多数
5. complain v. 抱怨; 埋怨; 发牢骚→ ____________________ n. 不满的原因; 抱怨; 埋怨
6. respond v. 回答; 回应→ ____________________ n. 回答; 答复
7. appoint v. 任命; 委任; 安排→ ____________________ n. 约会; 约定; 任命→ ____________________ adj. 被任命的
8. tense adj. 神经紧张的; 担心的→ ____________________ n. 紧张
9. retire v. (使)退休→ ____________________ adj. 已退休的→____________________ n. 退休
10. scare v. 使惊吓; 使害怕→ ____________________ adj. 吓人的 → ____________________ adj. 害怕的
核心短语
1. ____________________ 道德困境
2. ____________________ 易于做某事; 往往会发生某事
3. ____________________ 含着泪; 流着泪
4. ____________________ 被……绊倒
5. ____________________ 帮助某人渡过难关
6. ____________________ 帮助某人脱离(困境)
7. ____________________ 作为对……的纪念
8. ____________________ 处于绝望中
9. ____________________ 大量
10. ____________________ 去世
一、语法填空
1.Smiling and laughing has proved useful to relieve (tense) and stress.
2.To discourage the young man from (reject) the offer, the manager held out many promises like fat paycheck and quick promotion.
3. (bury) herself in painting, the little girl was fully immersed in the wonderful world of colors.
4.When you open a dictionary, you often come across a lot of unfamiliar words. You might think this is a bit
(scare).
5.Older staff members are more experienced while younger ones are (energy).
6.It is very important to have a sleep at night if you want to be (energy) during the day.
7.Nothing is (valuable) than health.
8.Nothing is (exciting) than traveling to new places.
9.A (major) of the students are here.
10.The (operate) could prolong his life by two or three years.
11.They make a quick (respond) to my inquiry.
12.However, Navarro refused, and his (respond) was: “Offering me the prize was worth more than what I did for him.”
13.Teams of four students made a video of (illustrate) a math problem and its real-world application.
14.All too often writers of great works have had to face criticism along with (reject).
15.Charlie ran for Head of the Student Committee but failed in the (elect) due to his lack of speech skills.
16. (compare) yourself with those homeless children, you’ll find you are lucky and happy.
17.I was so (scare) that my mind went blank and couldn’t think of a single word.
18.With the College Entrance Examination (approach), I strongly recommend that we should value time and study hard to be admitted into key universities.
19.—Why do you think the travel to Beijing meaningful and unforgettable
—That’s because I met lots of new friends and harvested plenty of sweet (memory).
20.It (whisper) that he shouldn’t serve as an experiment volunteer although he is eager to learn science.
21.In spite of his cries, no one came to his (assist).
22.As a matter of fact, in and of itself, the Internet is (harm).
23.I’ll give you (morally) support no matter what happens.
24.Her son was an (energy) and handsome young man, who used to be a basketball player.
25.With spring (approach), many cold-blooded animals are coming out for food.
26.To me, nothing is (significant) than carrying others through hard times.
27.Sue left the company and we need to find a (replace) for her.
28.During the last three decades, the number of people joining in physical fitness programs has increased (sharp).
29.An elderly woman who has chosen a life of backpacking after (retire) has won millions of fans on Chinese social media.
30.There is a widespread (普遍的) (tend) that more and more young people choose online learning.
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Chinese video influencer Li Ziqi, known for her poetic portrayals of rural life, ended her three-year hiatus (空档期) with two new videos that swiftly topped online trends. These videos, 31 were shared across Douyin, Sina Weibo, and YouTube, obtained over 2 million 32 (like) and nearly 200, 000 comments on Douyin alone within just two hours. One video, which showcased her transformation of a woodshed into a woodland cloakroom, and another, which highlighted the use of traditional Chinese lacquerware (漆器) techniques, 33 intangible cultural heritage, 34 (reach) 100 million views on Sina Weibo and 1. 6 million interactions within five and a half hours. Fans, who had been 35 (desperate) awaiting her return, flooded the comments with messages of support 36 expressions of how much they missed her content.
Li, who began posting videos on Sina Weibo in 2016, featuring depictions of rural life and cultural practices, set a Guinness World Record in 2020 for the most subscribers on a Chinese YouTube channel, with 11. 4 million followers. 37 her disappearance from social media since July 2021, her follower count continued to grow, with fans requesting new videos during her absence. In her latest Weibo post, Li, 38 (acknowledge) her busy schedule, promised to catch up with fans soon, expressing her own longing: “Miss you! ” This statement, which indicates her awareness of the fans’ 39 (anticipate) , also shows her desire 40 (reconnect) with her audience.
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Chinese architect and writer Lin Huiyin was posthumously awarded (追授) a Bachelor of Architecture degree from the Weitzman School of Design of the University of Pennsylvania in 41 (recognize) of her outstanding contributions as a pioneer of modern architecture in China.
42 (comment) on the decision, Weitzman Dean Fritz Steiner said that “All the men from China received full scholarships and Lin got half of one. She was the only woman and the only student who 43 (deny) an architecture degree by the School.” “But she deserved that degree.”
In 1924, with her admission application 44 (reject), Lin had to study in the only department 45 accepted female students — the School of Fine Arts. Apart 46 completing her art courses as well as most of 47 required architecture courses, Lin also worked as a teaching assistant in architectural design and outperformed most of her male peers 48 (academic). After returning to China, as the first Chinese female architect in modern times, Lin achieved great success in architectural history, design, and education despite war and disease.
Lin’s legendary story has now become known to 49 (generation) of young people. This is not just a story about 50 Chinese women are breaking through stereotypes (刻板印象) and historical limits, but serves as a role model for modern Chinese women.
二、单词拼写
51.A survivor of the big fire walked slowly in the forest, (努力,挣扎) for breath.
52.Seeing the athletes (伸展, 舒展) before the game, the coach felt confident that they were well-prepared for the physical demands of the match.
53.He was a businessman, and (因此) he always has an eye out for any opportunity to make money.
54.He had more job satisfaction, a better (婚姻) and was healthier.
55.The detective tensed up when (怀疑) that the crucial clue was being purposely destroyed.
56.His mother stood there, (挥手) goodbye to him.
57.He was faced with the (困境) of whether or not to return to his country.
58.With the final exam (靠近), students began to make full preparations.
59.We are all born (灵活) but as we grow older, we tend to seize up a little.
60.When events happen that shake these (信念), our fear will take control.
61.The company has invested lots of money in the charity in the past few (十年).
62. (埋葬) myself in preparing the coming final exam, I have no time to learn about the news at home and abroad.
63.Most of us were shocked at the news that the young boy was (咬) by a snake.
64. (使确信) voters that he was capable, Donald Trump won the election.
65.Impressed by the young manager’s dedication and proven capabilities, the company decided to (委托) him with the leadership of the new project.
三、完成句子
66.In order to prepare for the exam, the diligent student studied assiduously every day. His mastery of knowledge . Eventually, he got excellent grades in the exam, .
这个勤奋的学生为了准备考试,每日刻苦地学习,他对知识的掌握也因此逐渐地扎实起来,最终在考试中取得了优异的成绩,让他的父母非常地自豪。
67.新学期即将来临,我积极准备,希望尽快适应高中生活。(with,分词做状语)
, I actively make preparation, the senior high school life as soon as possible.
68.正是在我面对道德困境的时候,Jack帮我渡过了难关。(强调句)
Jack carried me through the hardship.
69.气候变化导致了海平面的剧烈波动,引发了恐龙的灭绝。
Changes in climate caused severe fluctuation in sea level, the extinction of the dinosaurs.
70.电缆都是亮黄色,以防绊倒人。
The cables are all bright yellow to prevent you them.
71.趁着现在光线好,我们要加紧完成这一幅巨大的剪纸。
a good light now, we should accelerate the completion of this huge paper-cutting.
72. the scholarship, you need to submit a completed form, a personal statement, and proof of academic achievement by the deadline.
(如果你)要申请奖学金,你需要在截止日期前提交填好的表格、个人陈述以及成绩证明。
73.The monument was erected the soldiers who sacrificed their lives for the country.
这个纪念碑是为纪念为国牺牲的战士而建立的。
74.这座寺庙有着悠久的历史,可追溯到唐朝初期。
the early Tang Dynasty, the temple has a history.
75.人们往往认为这个问题决不会影响到他们。
People assume that the problem will never affect them.
参考答案
I. 拓展单词
1. moral adj. 道德的; 道义上的→morally adv. 道义上; 道德上→ immoral adj. 不道德的; 邪恶的
2. precious adj. 珍稀的; 宝贵的→ preciously adv. 过分讲究地; 昂贵地
3. marry v. (和某人)结婚; 嫁; 娶→ married adj. 已婚的→marriage n. 结婚; 婚姻
4. major adj. 主要的; 重要的; 大的→ majority n. 大部分; 大多数
5. complain v. 抱怨; 埋怨; 发牢骚→ complaint n. 不满的原因; 抱怨; 埋怨
6. respond v. 回答; 回应→ response n. 回答; 答复
7. appoint v. 任命; 委任; 安排→ appointment n. 约会; 约定; 任命→ appointed adj. 被任命的
8. tense adj. 神经紧张的; 担心的→ tension n. 紧张
9. retire v. (使)退休→ retired adj. 已退休的→retirement n. 退休
10. scare v. 使惊吓; 使害怕→ scaring adj. 吓人的 → scared adj. 害怕的
II.核心短语
1. moral dilemma 道德困境
2. tend to do sth. 易于做某事; 往往会发生某事
3. in tears 含着泪; 流着泪
4. trip over 被……绊倒
5. carry sb. through sth. 帮助某人渡过难关
6. help sb. out of 帮助某人脱离(困境)
7. in memory of 作为对……的纪念
8. in despair 处于绝望中
9. a great deal (of) 大量
10. pass away 去世
1.tension
【详解】考查名词。句意:微笑和大笑已被证明对缓解焦虑和压力有用。本空作relieve的宾语,与stress并列,名词tension“(精神上的)紧张,焦虑”符合句意,为不可数名词。故填tension。
2.rejecting
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:为了劝阻这位年轻人拒绝这个提议,经理给出了许多承诺,如丰厚的薪水和快速的晋升。discourage sb from doing sth为固定短语,意为“劝阻某人做某事”,所以空格处应填reject的动名词形式rejecting,作介词from的宾语。故填rejecting。
3.Burying
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:小女孩埋头画画,完全沉浸于五彩缤纷的美妙世界之中。空处作状语,bury与逻辑主语the little girl之间为主动关系,应用现在分词形式,句首单词首字母大写。故填Burying。
4.scary
【详解】考查形容词。句意:当你打开字典时,你经常会遇到很多不熟悉的单词。你可能会觉得这有点吓人。根据空前is a bit可知,空处需填形容词作表语,描述这种情况是令人害怕的,scare是动词,其形容词形式scary,意为“令人害怕的”。故填scary。
5.more energetic
【详解】考查形容词比较级。句意:年长的员工经验更丰富,而年轻的员工精力更充沛。根据Older staff members are more experienced可知,空处应用形容词的比较级more energetic,作表语。故填more energetic。
6.energetic
【详解】考查形容词。句意:如果你想白天精力充沛,晚上睡个好觉是很重要的。空处作表语,需用形容词energetic。故填energetic。
7.more valuable
【详解】考查形容词比较级。句意:没有什么比健康更宝贵。固定结构“nothing is+比较级+than…”意为“没有比……更……”,表达最高级的意思,空处应用valuable“宝贵的”的比较级形式。故填more valuable。
8.more exciting
【详解】考查形容词比较级。句意:没有什么比去新地方旅行更令人兴奋的了。固定结构“nothing is+比较级+than…”意为“没有比……更……”,表达最高级的意思,空处应用exciting“令人兴奋的”的比较级形式。故填more exciting。
9.majority
【详解】考查名词。句意:大多数学生都在这里。固定短语a majority of表示“大多数的……”。故填majority。
10.operation
【详解】考查名词。句意:手术可以使他的寿命延长两三年。作主语,用名词operation,故填operation。
11.response
【详解】考查名词。句意:他们对我的询问作出了迅速的答复。由空前a quick可知,此处为名词单数形式作make的宾语成分。故填response。
12.response
【详解】考查名词。句意:然而,纳瓦罗拒绝了,他的回答是:“给我这个奖比我为他做的更有价值。”提示词作分句主语,用名词response,意为“回答”,结合系动词was可知,主语是单数名词。故填response。
13.illustrating
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:四名学生组成的小组制作了一个视频,说明了一个数学问题及其在现实世界中的应用。作介词的宾语,应用动名词形式。故填illustrating。
14.rejection/rejections
【详解】考查名词。句意:伟大作品的作者往往不得不面对批评和拒绝。空处作宾语,应用名词。rejection意为“拒绝”,作可数名词和不可数名词均可。空前没有限定词,这里表示泛指,可用不可数名词,也可用可数名词复数。故填rejection或rejections。
15.election
【详解】考查名词。句意:查理竞选学生会主席,但由于缺乏演讲技巧,他在选举中失败了。提示词作介词宾语,用名词election,意为“选举”,特指竞选学生会主席的那次选举,用单数形式。故填election。
16.Comparing
【详解】考查动词的非谓语形式。句意:与那些无家可归的孩子相比,你会发现自己是幸运和幸福的。句首主语缺少非谓语形式,动词compare与you为主动关系,用现在分词作状语,首字母大写。故填Comparing。
17.scared
【详解】考查形容词。句意:我害怕极了,脑子一片空白,想不出一个字来。设空处接在be动词后,表达人的感受,应用形容词作表语,scared“害怕的”符合题意,故填scared。
18.approaching
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:随着高考的临近,我强烈建议我们应该珍惜时间,努力学习,考上重点大学。介词with后宾语the College Entrance Examination与approach之间为主动关系,所以用现在分词作宾语补足语。故填approaching。
19.memories
【详解】考查名词的数。句意:——为什么你认为去北京旅行有意义和难忘?——那是因为我遇到了很多新朋友,收获了很多美好的回忆。memory是可数名词,且被plenty of修饰,所以用复数形式作宾语,即y变i加es。故填memories。
20.is whispered
【详解】考查固定句型。句意:有传言说,尽管他渴望学习科学,但他不应该担任实验志愿者。根据空前“It”和空后“that”可知,空处应填is whispered,构成固定句型It is whispered that...,意为“有人私下说……,有传言说……”。故填is whispered。
21.assistance
【详解】考查名词。句意:尽管他呼救,但没有人来帮助他。his后跟名词,”,“帮助”是名词assistance,是不可数名词,come to one’s assistance“来帮助某人”。故填assistance。
22.harmless
【详解】考查形容词。句意:事实上,就其本身而言,互联网是无害的。作表语,表示“无害的”应用形容词harmless,故填harmless。
23.moral
【详解】考查形容词。句意:无论发生什么,我都会给你精神上的支持。修饰名词support应用形容词moral,作定语。故填moral。
24.energetic
【详解】考查形容词。句意:她的儿子是一个精力充沛、英俊的年轻人。此处为形容词修饰名词,energy的形容词为energetic意为“精力充沛的”符合句意。故填energetic。
25.approaching
【详解】考查现在分词。句意:随着春天的临近,许多冷血动物都出来觅食了。此处为“with +宾语+宾补”结构,approach与宾语spring之间为主动关系,所以此处使用现在分词形式作宾补。故填approaching。
26.more significant
【详解】考查比较级。句意:对我来说,没有什么比帮助别人度过难关更重要的了。由than可知,空格处用比较级,significant的比较级是more significant。故填more significant。
27.replacement
【详解】考查名词。句意:苏离开了公司,我们需要找一个人代替她。a后跟名词的单数,replace的名词是replacement,意为“取代(或代替)的人”,故填replacement。
28.sharply
【详解】考查副词。句意:在过去的三十年里,参加健身计划的人数急剧增加。空处修饰动词increased,应用副词形式,故填sharply。
29.retirement
【详解】考查名词。句意:一位退休后选择背包旅行的老妇人在中国社交媒体上赢得了数百万粉丝。设空处作介词after的宾语,应用名词retirement“退休”,故填retirement。
30.tendency
【详解】考查名词。句意:越来越多的年轻人选择在线学习,这是一个普遍的趋势。widespread是形容词,修饰名词,tend的名词是tendency,意为“趋势”,空前有a,空格处用单数,故填tendency。
31.which 32.likes 33.an 34.reached 35.desperately 36.and 37.Despite 38.acknowledging 39.anticipation 40.to reconnect
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了中国视频博主李子柒结束三年的空档期,发布了两段新视频,迅速登顶网络热搜的相关内容。
31.考查定语从句。句意:这些视频在抖音、新浪微博和YouTube上分享,仅在抖音上两小时内就获得了200多万个赞和近20万条评论。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词videos,指物,在从句中作主语,故用关系代词which。故填which。
32.考查名词的数。句意:这些视频在抖音、新浪微博和YouTube上分享,仅在抖音上两小时内就获得了200多万个赞和近20万条评论。根据上文over 2 million可知应用复数形式。故填likes。
33.考查冠词。句意:其中一段视频展示了她将木棚改造成林地衣帽间的过程,另一段视频则强调了中国传统漆器技术和非物质文化遗产的使用,这两段视频在新浪微博上的浏览量达到了1亿次,在五个半小时内就有160万次互动。可数名词heritage在句中表示“一项非物质文化遗产”,泛指,intangible发音以元音音素开头,用不定冠词an修饰。故填an。
34.考查时态。句意:其中一段视频展示了她将木棚改造成林地衣帽间的过程,另一段视频则强调了中国传统漆器技术和非物质文化遗产的使用,这两段视频在新浪微博上的浏览量达到了1亿次,在五个半小时内就有160万次互动。发生在过去用一般过去时。故填reached。
35.考查副词。句意:粉丝们一直在迫切地等待她的回归,在评论区纷纷留言支持她,并表达了对她内容的思念之情。修饰动词await,应用副词desperately作状语,意为“拼命地,迫切地”。故填desperately。
36.考查连词。句意:粉丝们一直在迫切地等待她的回归,在评论区纷纷留言支持她,并表达了对她内容的思念之情。“messages of support”与“expressions of how much...”是并列关系,应用连词and连接。故填and。
37.考查介词。句意:尽管自2021年7月以来她就没有在社交媒体上出现过,但她的粉丝数量持续增长,在她缺席期间,粉丝们纷纷要求发布新视频。根据句意,“disappearance from social media since July 2021”和“her follower count continued to grow”之间有转折关系,用介词despite构成介词短语,意为“尽管”;句首单词首字母大写。故填Despite。
38.考查非谓语动词。句意:在她最新的微博中,李子柒承认了自己的日程安排很紧,并承诺很快就会与粉丝们见面,表达了她的思念之情:“想你们了!”此处acknowledge与其逻辑主语Li构成主动关系,用现在分词表主动,作状语。故填acknowledging。
39.考查名词。句意:这句话表明了她意识到粉丝的期待,也表明了她渴望与观众重新建立联系。作介词宾语,用名词anticipation,表示“期待”,不可数名词。故填anticipation。
40.考查非谓语动词。句意:这句话表明了她意识到粉丝的期待,也表明了她渴望与观众重新建立联系。名词desire后常跟不定式作后置定语;desire to do sth.表示“做……的愿望”。故填to reconnect。
41.recognition 42.Commenting 43.was denied 44.rejected 45.that 46.from 47.the 48.academically 49.generations 50.how
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了中国建筑师、作家林徽因被宾夕法尼亚大学魏茨曼设计学院追授建筑学学士学位,以表彰她作为中国现代建筑先驱的杰出贡献,并介绍了林徽因的求学经历和成就。
41.考查名词。句意:中国建筑师、作家林徽因被宾夕法尼亚大学魏茨曼设计学院追授建筑学学士学位,以表彰她作为中国现代建筑先驱的杰出贡献。提示词作介词宾语,用名词recognition,意为“表彰,赞誉”,不可数名词;in recognition of“为表彰”。故填recognition。
42.考查非谓语动词。句意:魏茨曼学院院长弗里茨·施泰纳在评论这一决定时说:“所有来自中国的男性都获得了全额奖学金,而林只获得了一半。她是唯一的女性,也是唯一一位被学校拒绝授予建筑学学位的学生。”“(comment) on the decision”作伴随状语,comment(评论)是非谓语动词,与逻辑主语Weitzman Dean Fritz Steiner构成主动关系,故用现在分词表主动;句首单词首字母要大写。故填Commenting。
43.考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意:魏茨曼学院院长弗里茨·施泰纳在评论这一决定时说:“所有来自中国的男性都获得了全额奖学金,而林只获得了一半。她是唯一的女性,也是唯一一位被学校拒绝授予建筑学学位的学生。”deny(拒绝)是定语从句中谓语动词,与主语who(即先行词the only student)之间是被动关系,结合语境可知,描述过去发生的事情应用一般过去时的被动语态,主语是单数名词,谓语动词用单数。故填was denied。
44.考查非谓语动词。句意:1924年,林徽因的入学申请被拒绝,她只能进入唯一接受女生的系——美术学院学习。reject(拒绝)是with复合结构中宾语补足语,是非谓语动词,与其逻辑主语admission application构成被动关系,故用过去分词表被动。故填rejected。
45.考查定语从句。句意:1924年,林徽因的入学申请被拒绝,她只能进入唯一接受女生的系——美术学院学习。“ accepted female students”为限制性定语从句,修饰先行词department,指物,先行词在从句中作主语,且被the only修饰,只能用关系代词that引导从句。故填that。
46.考查介词。句意:除了完成她的艺术课程以及大多数要求的建筑课程外,林徽因还担任建筑设计助教,并在学业上超越了大多数男性同学。apart from是固定短语,意为“除了……之外”。故填from。
47.考查冠词。句意:除了完成她的艺术课程以及大多数要求的建筑课程外,林徽因还担任建筑设计助教,并在学业上超越了大多数男性同学。此处特指“要求的建筑课程”,应用定冠词the限定。故填the。
48.考查副词。句意:除了完成她的艺术课程以及大多数要求的建筑课程外,林徽因还担任建筑设计助教,并在学业上超越了大多数男性同学。提示词修饰动词outperformed,用副词academically作状语,意为“学术上;学业上”。故填academically。
49.考查名词。句意:林徽因的传奇故事现在已经为一代又一代的年轻人所知。可数名词generation作宾语,空前没有冠词,且表示“一代又一代”,用复数形式。故填generations。
50.考查宾语从句。句意:这不仅仅是一个关于中国女性如何突破刻板印象和历史限制的故事,更是现代中国女性的榜样。“ Chinese women are breaking through stereotypes (刻板印象) and historical limits”是宾语从句,从句缺少方式状语,应使用连接副词how引导从句,表示“如何”。故填how。
51.struggling
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:大火的幸存者在森林里慢慢地走着,挣扎着呼吸。根据汉语提示“努力,挣扎”可知,此处为动词struggle,A survivor和struggle为逻辑主谓关系,需用现在分词形式。故填struggling。
52.stretching
【详解】考查动词。句意:看到运动员们在赛前做伸展运动,教练确信他们已经为比赛的身体要求做好了充分的准备。“伸展,舒展”为动词stretch,see sb. doing sth.固定搭配,意为“看到某人正在做某事”,此处是现在分词作宾语补足语,故填stretching。
53.therefore
【详解】考查副词。句意:他是一个商人,因此总是注意着任何赚钱的机会。表示“因此”可用 therefore,为副词作状语。故填 therefore。
54.marriage
【详解】考查名词。句意:他的工作满意度更高,婚姻更好,身体也更健康。根据句意及汉语提示可知,此处使用名词marriage“婚姻”,作宾语,由空前不定冠词a可知,应用单数形式。故填marriage。
55.suspecting
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:当侦探怀疑关键的线索正被故意销毁时,他紧张了起来。“怀疑”用动词suspect;句子已有谓语动词tensed up,“when (怀疑) that the crucial clue was being purposely destroyed”作时间状语,suspect是非谓语动词,与其逻辑主语the detective之间是主动关系,用现在分词表主动,连词when用于明确逻辑关系。故填suspecting。
56.waving
【详解】考查动词,非谓语动词作状语。句意:他的母亲站在那里,向他挥手告别。根据所给句子分析可知,此处需使用动词,充当非谓语,作状语;英语中“挥手”可使用动词“wave”。此处wave为非谓语动词作状语,与主语his mother为主动关系,且与谓语stood为同时发生,因此需使用非谓语动词的现在分词形式,即waving。故填waving。
57.dilemma
【详解】考查名词。句意:他面临着是否回国的两难选择。“困境”为名词dilemma,作宾语,the dilemma of意为“……的困境”,故填dilemma。
58.approaching
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:随着期末考试的临近,学生们开始做充分的准备。根据汉语提示“靠近”可知,此处为动词approach,“with+宾语+宾语补足语”为固定结构,the final exam和approach为逻辑主谓关系,需用现在分词形式。故填approaching。
59.flexible
【详解】考查形容词。句意:我们生来都很灵活,但随着年龄的增长,我们往往会变得迟钝一些。“be born+形容词”表示“生来……”,“灵活”应用形容词flexible,作主语补足语。故填flexible。
60.beliefs
【详解】考查名词。句意:当发生动摇这些信念的事件时,恐惧就会控制我们的大脑。根据句意和汉语提示可知,空处应填名词belief“信念”,根据空前these可知,应用名词复数形式beliefs,作动词shake的宾语。故填beliefs。
61.decades
【详解】考查名词。句意:在过去的几十年里,该公司在慈善事业上投入了大量资金。句中用名词作宾语。名词“十年”英文为 decade,few 表示 “几个;一些”,后接可数名词复数。故填decades。
62.Burying
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:我忙于准备即将到来的期末考试,没有时间去了解国内外的新闻。根据汉语提示可知,表示“埋葬”应用动词bury,与逻辑主语I构成主动关系,所以用现在分词作状语,首字母大写。故填Burying。
63.bitten
【详解】考查动词。句意:听到那个小男孩被蛇咬的消息,我们大多数人都感到震惊。表示“咬”使用动词bite,此处使用过去分词,和was构成一般过去时的被动语态,故填bitten。
64.Convincing
【详解】考查现在分词。句意:唐纳德·特朗普让选民相信他有能力,赢得了选举。根据提示的汉语,表示“使确信”为动词convince,与逻辑主语Donald Trump之间为主动关系,所以此处使用现在分词形式作状语,位于句首,首字母需大写。故填Convincing。
65.entrust
【详解】考查动词。句意:被年轻经理的敬业和能力所感动,公司决定委托他领导新项目。根据汉语提示“委托”,可以用动词entrust,decide to do sth.“决定做某事”,不定式作宾语。故填entrust。
66. became gradually solid making his parents extremely proud
【详解】考查副词、时态和非谓语动词。根据英汉意思对比可知,①空处应填“也因此逐渐地扎实起来”,应用动词短语become gradually solid,根据空前studied可知,句子描述的是过去的状态,应用一般过去时,动词使用过去式形式became;②空处应填“让他的父母非常地自豪”,应用动词短语make his parents extremely proud,其中形容词proud作宾语补足语,根据空前got可知,make应用非谓语动词形式,应用现在分词making作为结果状语,来描述“他在考试中取得了优异的成绩”所带来的结果或影响。故填入①became gradually solid,②making his parents extremely proud。
67. With the new term coming/ approaching hoping/ wishing to adapt to
【详解】考查with的复合结构和非谓语动词。“新学期即将来临”用with的复合结构,介词with后宾语the new term“新学期”与 come/approach“来临”之间为主动关系,所以用现在分词作宾语补足语;“希望做某事”用短语hope/wish to do sth.;“适应”用短语adapt to。句中已有谓语动词make,hope/wish与逻辑主语I是主动关系,所以用现在分词作状语。故答案为With the new term coming/ approaching; hoping/ wishing to adapt to。
68.It was when I was faced with / faced a moral dilemma that
【详解】考查强调句和时态。根据句意及题目的提示,可知应用一般过去时,并且需用强调句型It was … that。此处对时间状语从句进行强调,“在我面对道德困境”可用when引导的时间状语从句,译为“when I was faced with / faced a moral dilemma”。故填It was when I was faced with / faced a moral dilemma that。
69.leading to
【详解】考查非谓语动词和动词短语。根据句意以及句子结构可知,此处为动词短语lead to“引发,导致”,满足句意要求,结合句子结构可知此处应为非谓语动词作状语,lead to和逻辑主语前面整句话为主动关系,所以为现在分词形式。故填leading to。
70. tripping over
【详解】考查动词短语。“绊倒”用动词短语trip over表示,prevent sb. (from) doing.是固定搭配,意为“阻止某人做某事”,所以用动名词短语tripping over作宾语。故填tripping;over。
71. Taking advantage of
【详解】考查动词短语和非谓语动词。对比中英文可知,空处表示“趁着”,可用动词短语take advantage of表示“利用”,且句子已有谓语,空处为非谓语,take advantage of与其逻辑主语we之间是主动关系,应用take的现在分词形式,作状语,句首单词的首字母需大写。故填Taking advantage of。
72.(If) Applying for
【详解】考查非谓语动词。“申请”为apply for,做非谓语动词,与you为主动关系,用现在分词做条件状语。if可省略也可以不省略。故填(If) Applying for。
73.in memory of
【详解】考查固定短语。表示“纪念”用固定短语in memory of。故填:in memory of。
74. Dating back to
【详解】考查动词短语及非谓语动词用法。三个词表示“追溯到”可使用动词短语date back to,在句中作状语,该短语无被动,与主语the temple为主动关系,动词date应使用现在分词形式,注意句首字母要大写。故填Dating;back;to。
75. tend to
【详解】考查动词及时态。表示“往往会做某事”应使用动词短语tend to do something;句子陈述人们的一般倾向性或习惯性行为应使用一般现在时态;主语为复数名词,所以tend作谓语应使用动词原形。故填tend;to