Unit 4 Adversity and Courage 单词讲义-2024-2025学年高中英语人教版(2019)选择性必修第三册

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名称 Unit 4 Adversity and Courage 单词讲义-2024-2025学年高中英语人教版(2019)选择性必修第三册
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更新时间 2025-02-21 12:29:35

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选择性必修三 unit4 单词讲义
adversity n. 逆境;困境;厄运
e.g. She showed great courage in the face of adversity.(她在逆境中表现出极大的勇气。)
in adversity(在逆境中);overcome adversity(战胜逆境)
记忆:adverse(不利的;有害的),adverse effects(负面影响)
同义词:hardship, misfortune
wage n. 工资;薪水;v. 开始,发动(战争、运动等)
e.g. He earns a decent wage working in the factory.(他在工厂工作,挣着一份不错的薪水。);
The government is waging a war on poverty.(政府正在开展一场消除贫困的运动。)
wage war on/against(向……开战;开展针对……的行动);wage increase(工资增长)
waged(过去式/过去分词);waging(现在分词)
记忆:wager(打赌)
同义词:n. salary, pay;v. start, launch
bitter
adj. 苦的;痛苦的;充满愤怒的;adv. 激烈地;极其
e.g. The medicine tastes bitter.(这药尝起来很苦。);
He was bitter about losing the game.(他因输掉比赛而充满怨恨。)
bitter taste(苦味);bitter cold(严寒);bitter enemies(死对头)
bitterness n.
记忆:better(更好的)
同义词:adj. sour(酸的,有苦味的含义);painful, angry
expedition n.探险;远征;探险队;考察队
e.g. The scientists went on an expedition to the Amazon rainforest.(科学家们前往亚马逊雨林进行探险。)
go on an expedition(去探险);expedition team(探险队)
expeditions(pl.)
记忆:expedite(加快;促进)
同义词:journey, voyage, exploration
endurance n.忍耐力;持久力;耐力
e.g. Long - distance running is a great test of endurance.(长跑是对耐力的极大考验。)
physical endurance(身体耐力);endurance training(耐力训练)
endure v.;enduring adj.
记忆:与tolerance词形有一定相似性,tolerance意为“容忍;宽容”
同义词:tolerance, stamina(耐力;持久力)
vigour n.活力;精力;气势
e.g. The children are full of vigour in the morning.(孩子们早上充满活力。)
with vigour(精力充沛地);lose vigour(失去活力)
vigorous adj.;vigorously adv.
记忆:rigour(严格;严厉)
同义词:energy, vitality
qualified adj.有资格的;能胜任的;合格的;有限度的
e.g. She is a qualified doctor and can treat patients well.(她是一名合格的医生,能很好地治疗病人。)
be qualified for/to do sth.(有资格做某事);qualified personnel(合格人员)
qualify v.; qualification n.
记忆:quantity(数量)
同义词:competent, eligible(有资格的;符合条件的)
enthusiastic adj.热情的;热心的;满腔热忱的
e.g. The students are enthusiastic about the school trip.(学生们对学校组织的旅行充满热情。)
be enthusiastic about(对……热情);enthusiastic support(热情支持)
enthusiasm n.;enthusiastically adv.
记忆:enthusiast(爱好者;热心人)
同义词:passionate, eager
aboard prep. 在(船、飞机、火车等)上;adv. 在船(或飞机、火车等)上
e.g. Let’s go aboard the plane.(我们上飞机吧。);
The passengers were all aboard.(乘客们都已登机。)
go aboard(上船/飞机/火车等);all aboard(请大家上船/飞机等)
记忆:abroad(在国外)
同义词:on board
cupboard n.橱柜;衣柜;食物柜
e.g. Put the clothes in the cupboard.(把衣服放进衣柜里。)
kitchen cupboard(厨房橱柜);wardrobe cupboard(衣柜)
同义词:cabinet, closet
assign v. 分配;指派;指定;布置(作业等)
e.g. The teacher assigned a difficult task to the students.(老师给学生们布置了一项艰巨的任务。)
assign sth. to sb.(把某物分配给某人);assign sb. to do sth.(指派某人做某事)
assignment n.;assigned(过去式/过去分词);assigning(现在分词)
记忆:resign(辞职)
同义词:allocate, distribute
envy n. 羡慕;忌妒;v. 羡慕;忌妒
e.g. I feel a bit of envy when I see her new dress.(我看到她的新裙子时有点羡慕。);She envies her sister’s talent.(她嫉妒她姐姐的才华。)
feel envy at/of(对……感到羡慕);out of envy(出于嫉妒)
envious adj.;enviously adv.
同义词:jealousy n.;jealous adj.
crush
v. 压碎;挤压变形;挤坏;粉碎;迷恋;n. 拥挤的人群;迷恋
e.g. Don’t crush the flowers.(别把花压坏了。);
She has a crush on the famous singer.(她迷恋那位著名歌手。)
crush into(挤进);crush on(迷恋)
crushed(过去式/过去分词);crushing(现在分词)
记忆:brush(刷子)
同义词:v. squeeze, compress;n. infatuation(迷恋)
sink v. 下沉;沉没;下降;降低;陷入;n. 水槽;洗涤槽
e.g. The boat began to sink.(船开始下沉。);
Put the dirty dishes in the sink.(把脏盘子放在水槽里。)
sink into(陷入);sink or swim(成败全靠自己)
sank(过去式);sunk(过去分词);sinking(现在分词)
同义词:v. descend, drop;n. basin
abandon v. 抛弃;遗弃;放弃;中止;陷入;n. 放任;放纵
e.g. He abandoned his plan because of lack of money.(由于缺钱,他放弃了计划。);
The old house was abandoned years ago.(那座老房子多年前就被遗弃了。)
abandon oneself to(沉溺于);abandon ship(弃船)
abandoned(adj. 被遗弃的;废弃的);abandonment n.
同义词:desert, give up
miserable adj.痛苦的;悲惨的;可怜的;令人难受的
e.g. He felt miserable after losing his job.(他失业后感到很痛苦。)
miserable life(悲惨的生活)
misery n.;miserably adv.
同义词:unhappy, wretched
voyage n. 航行;航海;航天;v. 航行;远航
e.g. They went on a long - distance voyage.(他们进行了一次长途航行。);
The ship voyaged across the ocean.(这艘船远航穿越大洋。)
go on a voyage(航海);sea voyage(海上航行)
同义词:journey, trip, cruise
decent adj. 得体的;正派的;相当好的;像样的
e.g. He always dresses in a decent way.(他总是穿着得体。);
It’s a decent restaurant with good food.(这是一家不错的餐厅,食物很好。)
decent clothes(得体的衣服);a decent job(一份不错的工作)
decency n.;decently adv.
同义词:proper, respectable
selfish adj. 自私的;利己的
e.g. Don’t be so selfish and share your toys with others.(别这么自私,和别人分享你的玩具。)
selfishly adv.;selfishness n.
记忆:selfless(无私的)
同义词:egocentric, greedy
genuine adj. 真正的;真诚的;真实的;名副其实的
e.g. This is a genuine diamond, not a fake.(这是一颗真正的钻石,不是假的。);
He showed genuine concern for her.(他对她表现出真诚的关心。)
genuine love(真爱);genuine leather(真皮)
genuinely adv.;genuineness n.
同义词:real, authentic
persevere adj. 坚持;不屈不挠;坚持不懈
e.g. If you persevere in your studies, you will succeed.(如果你坚持学习,你会成功的。)
persevere in/with sth.(坚持某事)
perseverance n.;persevering adj.
同义词:persist, stick to
resolve v. 决定;决心;解决(问题、困难等);分解;n. 决心;坚定的信念
e.g. He resolved to change his bad habits.(他决心改掉坏习惯。);
We need to resolve this problem quickly.(我们需要尽快解决这个问题。)
resolve to do sth.(决心做某事);resolve a conflict(解决冲突)
resolution n.;resolved(过去式/过去分词);resolving(现在分词)
同义词:v. decide, determine;n. solution
cruel adj.残酷的;残忍的;无情的;引起痛苦的
e.g. It’s cruel to treat animals like that.(那样对待动物很残忍。)
cruel behavior(残忍的行为);be cruel to(对……残忍)
cruelly adv.;cruelty n.
同义词:brutal, harsh
thorough adj.彻底的;完全的;细致的;深入的
e.g. The mechanic gave the car a thorough check.(机械师对汽车进行了彻底检查。)
a thorough search(彻底搜查);thorough knowledge(渊博的知识)
thoroughly adv.;thoroughness n.
记忆:through(通过;穿过)
同义词:complete, comprehensive
fortunately adv.幸运地;幸亏
e.g. Fortunately, it didn’t rain during the picnic.(幸运的是,野餐时没有下雨。)
fortunate adj.;fortune(n. 运气;财富)
同义词:luckily, thankfully
recreation n. 娱乐;消遣;游戏
e.g. Swimming is a popular form of recreation.(游泳是一种受欢迎的娱乐方式。)
recreation center(娱乐中心);outdoor recreation(户外娱乐)
recreational adj.
同义词:entertainment, amusement
guidance n. 指导;引导;导航
e.g. We got a lot of guidance from our teacher.(我们从老师那里得到了很多指导。)
under the guidance of(在……的指导下)
guided(过去式/过去分词);guiding(现在分词)
同义词:direction, instruction
advertise v.登广告;为……做广告;公布;征聘
e.g. They advertised their house for sale.(他们登广告出售房子。)
advertise for(登广告征求/寻找);advertise sth.(为某物做广告)
advertisement n.;advertiser(n. 广告商);advertised(过去式/过去分词);advertising(现在分词;n. 广告业)
同义词:promote, publicize
corporate adj.公司的;企业的;团体的;共同的
e.g. Corporate management is very important for a company’s development.(企业管理对公司的发展非常重要。)
corporate image(企业形象);corporate social responsibility(企业社会责任)
rough adj. 粗糙的;不平滑的;粗略的;大致的;艰难的;粗暴的
e.g. The road is rough and bumpy.(这条路崎岖不平。);
I have a rough idea of what to do.(我大致知道要做什么。)
rough estimate(粗略估计);rough sea(波涛汹涌的大海)
roughly adv.;roughness n.
记忆:tough