Unit 1 Festivals and Celebrations
单元话题阅读理解练习
基础语篇巩固练
（24-25高一上·安徽合肥·期末）Celebrating the arrival of new year is a tradition almost people around the world do every year. Here are some interesting customs in different places.
New York, U. S. A
Most of New Yorkers spend the final seconds of each calendar year watching a nearly 12,000-pound geodesic sphere (Times Square Ball) descend over Times Square in New York City. Close to 60,000 spectators gather to see the ball drop in person, but if being one of them is on your bucket list, be forewarned: There are no bathrooms, and to get a good view, you’ll likely need to get your spot (and start holding it) around 3 p. m.
Scotland, U. K
The Scots stretch New Year’s Eve into a three-day celebration starting with a parade through Edinburgh on Dec. 30, followed by a housecleaning. Then, during “first footing”, friends and family visit each other after midnight to become the first to set foot in each other’s homes. For good luck, the first visitor should be a tall, dark-haired male (a contrast to the blond Viking invaders of Scotland’s past), with shortbread, whisky and a lump of coal.
Greece
Greeks mash pomegranates (石榴), which symbolize renewal in their culture, for New Year’s. Another tradition is waking up children on Jan. 1 by tapping them on the head with onion, which represents growth and good health. Brazil
Brazilians run into the ocean at midnight and jump over seven waves, each symbolizing a different wish for the year ahead. Water temperatures at that time of year average a balmy 75 degrees Fahrenheit, whereas those who brave the “polar bear plunge” on New Year’s Day in the U. S. and Canada are in for a much chillier dip. But their hearts are in the right place: It raises money for charity.
1．In order to attend the ceremony in New York Times Square, you need to ________
A．grab your spot in person about 9 hours earlier. B．buy a ticket on the spot.
C．reserve your spot in advance. D．book a bathroom the day before
2．Why do Scots hope it would be better if the first visitor is a dark-haired male
A．Scots like tall male Chinese.
B．Dark color means good luck in Scotland.
C．The invasion from blond Vikings in the past leads to this custom.
D．A dark-haired man will bring them shortbread, whisky and coal as presents.
3．As for the New Year custom in Greece and Brazil, which one is correct
A．Greeks use pomegranates to wish they will have more children.
B．Greeks think onion will not grow unless it touches children’s head.
C．Brazillians run into the ocean at midnight to raise money.
D．Brazillians may have 7 different wishes by jumping over 7 waves.
【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四个国家庆祝新年的有趣习俗。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Most of New Yorkers spend the final seconds of each calendar year watching a nearly 12,000-pound geodesic sphere (Times Square Ball) descend over Times Square in New York City. Close to 60,000 spectators gather to see the ball drop in person, but if being one of them is on your bucket list, be forewarned: There are no bathrooms, and to get a good view, you’ll likely need to get your spot (and start holding it) around 3 p. m.(大多数纽约人都会在历年的最后几秒钟观看一个重达12000磅的测地球体（时代广场球）在纽约时代广场上空降落。近6万名观众聚集在一起，亲眼目睹了球的落下，但如果你想成为其中一员，请事先警告：这里没有浴室，为了看得更清楚，你可能需要在下午3点左右找到你的位置（并占着）)”可知，要想参加在纽约时代广场凌晨举行的仪式，你需要提前9个小时左右亲自到场。故选A。
2．细节理解题。根据第三段“For good luck, the first visitor should be a tall, dark-haired male (a contrast to the blond Viking invaders of Scotland’s past), with shortbread, whisky and a lump of coal.(为求好运，第一个访客应该是一位高大、黑发的男性（与苏格兰过去金发碧眼的维京入侵者形成鲜明对比），带着酥饼、威士忌和一块煤)”可知，苏格兰人希望第一个访客是深色头发的男性会更好，是因为过去金发维京人的入侵导致了这个习俗。故选C。
3．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Brazilians run into the ocean at midnight and jump over seven waves, each symbolizing a different wish for the year ahead.(巴西人在午夜跳入大海，跳过七道海浪，每一道海浪象征着对未来一年的不同愿望)”可知，关于希腊和巴西的新年习俗，D选项“巴西人可能通过跳过7个海浪来实现7个不同的愿望”正确。故选D。
（24-25高一上·湖南·期末）Of the many colorful Romanian traditions that are brought to life every year, the Bear Dance is one of the most inspiring. This folk tradition dates back to thousands of years ago.
Traditionally, the arrival of the “bears” is announced by a small group of “irozi” who blow whistles to a rhythm (节奏) set by the head bear tamer (训兽师). Chosen for his leadership skills, the head tamer is the one who decides when each of the acts is played and gives the signs.
The “bears” dance to the beat set by the flutes and the drums. Wearing the special costumes (戏服) requires strength and confidence, with the heaviest of costumes weighing up to 50 kilos.
When the person wearing the costume is standing up straight, the “bear” looks up. During the dance, the wearer must move forward and shake his or her body to the left and to the right while taking small steps either to the front or to the side.
The Bear Dance symbolizes the death and rebirth of time. Performed between Christmas and New Year’s Eve, this ancient celebration brings together the whole community, who gather to watch the performance. The Bear Dance sees men of all ages, and increasingly more women, who are dressed in real bear skins and dance to the rhythm of flutes and drums to drive off evil spirits and ring in the new year.
By tradition, the group of the Bear Dance, which includes 6 to 24 “bears” would visit every family of the village, accompanied by up to three singing bear tamers, several characters wearing women’s clothes and drummers. While this tradition is still observed in many villages, in cities and towns it usually takes the form of a parade that ends with a major performance.
1．What do we know about the Bear Dance
A．It is specially performed by bears. B．It is better celebrated in cities.
C．It is a tradition with a long history. D．It is a daily sport in Romania.
2．How does the Bear Dance begin
A．Several characters beat drums. B．The bear tamer dances to a rhythm.
C．Some performers played the flutes. D．A group of members blow whistles.
3．Why do the locals hold the Bear Dance every year
A．To welcome the arrival of the new year. B．To celebrate the positive part of life.
C．To call on people to protect wild animals. D．To provide themselves with a way to have fun.
4．Which part of a magazine is the text probably taken from
A．Nature. B．Culture. C．Business. D．Environment.
【答案】1．C 2．D 3．A 4．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了罗马尼亚最鼓舞人心的传统之一“熊舞”的相关情况。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Of the many colorful Romanian traditions that are brought to life every year, the Bear Dance is one of the most inspiring. This folk tradition dates back to thousands of years ago.(在每年丰富多彩的罗马尼亚传统中，熊舞是最鼓舞人心的传统之一。这个民间传统可以追溯到几千年前。)”可知，熊舞是一个有着悠久历史的传统。故选C项。
2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Traditionally, the arrival of the “bears” is announced by a small group of “irozi” who blow whistles to a rhythm (节奏) set by the head bear tamer (训兽师).(传统上，“熊”的到来是由一小群“伊罗齐人”宣布的，他们会根据驯兽师设定的节奏吹口哨。)”可推知，熊舞是以一群人按照驯兽师设定的节奏吹口哨开始。故选D项。
3．细节理解题。根据五段中“The Bear Dance sees men of all ages, and increasingly more women, who are dressed in real bear skins and dance to the rhythm of flutes and drums to drive off evil spirits and ring in the new year.(参加“熊舞”的有各个年龄层的男人，也有越来越多的女人，他们穿着真正的熊皮，随着笛子和鼓的节奏跳舞，以驱除邪恶的灵魂，迎接新的一年。)”可知，当地人每年都要举行熊舞，迎接新的一年。故选A项。
4．推理判断题。根据文章大意以及第一段“Of the many colorful Romanian traditions that are brought to life every year, the Bear Dance is one of the most inspiring. This folk tradition dates back to thousands of years ago.(在每年丰富多彩的罗马尼亚传统中，熊舞是最鼓舞人心的传统之一。这个民间传统可以追溯到几千年前。)”可知，文章主要介绍了罗马尼亚最鼓舞人心的传统之一“熊舞”的相关情况。由此可推知，文本可能取自杂志的文化部分。故选B项。
（24-25高一上·湖南长沙·期末）Famous Festivals Around the World
Celebrations are an important part of every culture, and each country has its own unique festivals. Here is a brief introduction to some of the most famous festivals celebrated around the world.
Carnival in Brazil
The Carnival in Brazil is one of the largest and most famous festivals in the world. It is celebrated with parades (游行), samba dancing, and colorful dresses. It’s a fun time before a serious religious time called Lent.
Mardi Gras in New Orleans
Mardi Gras, or Fat Tuesday, is a big celebration in New Orleans, Louisiana, USA．It is known for its parades, floats, and the throwing of colorful beads (珠子) to the crowd. This yearly event is a mix of very old traditions from different cultures and is a very special time.
Oktoberfest in Germany
Oktoberfest is one of the world’s largest folk festivals held each year in Munich；Germany. It includes attractions like thrill rides, games, and, of course, plenty of beer. The festival originally celebrated the marriage of Crown Prince Ludwig of Bavaria and Princess Therese of Saxe-Hildburghausen.
Diwali in India
Diwali is also called the Festival of Lights. It happens in the fall and lasts for five days. People light lamps to show that light and good win over darkness and bad. There are also fireworks and family get-togethers during Diwali. These festivals not only celebrate the unique cultural identities of their respective countries but also serve as a reminder of the richness of global traditions.
1．Which activity do Carnival in Brazil and Mardi Gras in New Orleans both feature
A．Lighting oil lamps. B．Celebrating with parades.
C．Throwing colorful beads. D．Drinking large amounts of beer.
2．What is the origin of Oktoberfest in Germany
A．A historical battle. B．A celebration of victory.
C．A royal wedding celebration. D．A local folk dance festival.
3．What type of writing is this text
A．A travel plan. B．A scientific paper C．A news report. D．A magazine article.
【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D
【导语】本文为一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了世界著名的几个节日，并介绍了庆祝方式、特色以及节日起源等内容。
1．细节理解题。根据文章Carnival in Brazil部分中的“It is celebrated with parades(游行), samba dancing, and colorful dresses.(人们通过游行、跳桑巴舞以及身着色彩艳丽的服饰来庆祝这一节日。)”以及Mardi Gras in New Orleans部分中的“It is known for its parades, floats, and the throwing of colorful beads (珠子) to the crowd.(它以游行、彩车以及向人群抛洒彩色珠子而闻名。)”可知，巴西狂欢节和新奥尔良狂欢节都有游行庆祝的活动。故选B。
2．细节理解题。根据文章Oktoberfest in Germany部分中的“The festival originally celebrated the marriage of Crown Prince Ludwig of Bavaria and Princess Therese of Saxe-Hildburghausen.(该节日最初是为了庆祝巴伐利亚王储路德维希与萨克森 - 希尔德堡豪森的特蕾泽公主的婚礼。)”可知，德国慕尼黑啤酒节的起源是一场皇室婚礼的庆祝活动。故选C。
3．推理判断题。根据文章内容可知，本文对世界著名节日进行介绍，包括巴西的狂欢节、美国新奥尔良的狂欢节、德国的啤酒节和印度的排灯节。并且这些介绍都是围绕节日的文化背景、庆祝方式和意义展开的，旨在向读者普及不同国家的文化习俗。这些都符合杂志文章的风格和内容特点。故选D。
（24-25高一上·辽宁鞍山·阶段练习）Singapore’s tradition of eating out in places called hawker centres is now recognized by the United Nations for its cultural importance.
A hawker is a person who sells food or goods and advertises by shouting to people walking by on the street. Hawkers are an important part of Singaporean culture. Open-air eating areas where hawkers sell their goods in low price are very popular. Famous chefs, such as Anthony Bourdain and Gordon Ramsay have praised them.
On Wednesday, a specialized agency of the United Nations, UNESCO, added the city’s “hawker culture” to its Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity. Singapore sought to have hawker culture added to the list about two years ago. Now that it has been recognized, Singapore must provide a report every six years for UNESCO. The report must show efforts the city-state has made to save and support its hawker culture. “These centres serve as ‘community dining rooms’, where people from various backgrounds gather and share the experience of dining over breakfast, lunch and dinner,” UNESCO said.
In the 1970s, Singapore cleaned up its streets so the city moved street hawkers to new eating centres. These areas were part of an effort to improve the island. Now, the centres offer many different low-cost meals to local people and provide a pleasing social setting. The 2018 film Crazy Rich Asians showed its stars enjoying meals at a famous night market. Some sellers even received Michelin stars from a famous restaurant rating system for their meals costing only a few dollars.
But, now the average age of the hawker in Singapore is 60 years old. Younger Singaporeans now want to work in offices. They are less interested in working in small restaurants. The COVID-19 pandemic (流行病) health crisis also hurt sales, preventing foreign visitors and locals from eating out.
1．What do we know about hawkers from paragraph 2
A．They are native Singaporeans.
B．They sell goods in the open air.
C．They like posting advertisements on the street.
D．They have good relationships with famous chefs.
2．Why is the film Crazy Rich Asians mentioned
A．To advertise the film.
B．To introduce the stars.
C．To show the popularity of hawker centres.
D．To explain a famous restaurant rating system.
3．What is the last paragraph mainly about
A．The difficulties faced by hawker culture. B．The effect of the COVID-19 pandemic.
C．The future of hawker culture. D．The average age of hawkers.
4．What is the best title for the text
A．Hawkers support cultural diversity in Singapore.
B．Singapore makes efforts to promote its hawker culture.
C．UNESCO recognizes Singapore’s low-cost food culture.
D．Singapore is preparing for the protection of traditional culture.
【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了新加坡的小贩文化被联合国教科文组织认可为非物质文化遗产，以及这种文化的重要性和面临的挑战。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“A hawker is a person who sells food or goods and advertises by shouting to people walking by on the street. Hawkers are an important part of Singaporean culture. Open-air eating areas where hawkers sell their goods in low price are very popular.(小贩是指在街上叫卖食品或商品的人，他们会对着过往的行人喊叫以吸引顾客。小贩是新加坡文化的重要组成部分。这些小贩以低价销售商品的露天餐饮区非常受欢迎)”可知，小贩在街头叫卖食品或商品，他们通常在户外销售商品。故选 B。
2．推理判断题。根据第四段中“The 2018 film Crazy Rich Asians showed its stars enjoying meals at a famous night market. Some sellers even received Michelin stars from a famous restaurant rating system for their meals costing only a few dollars.(2018年的电影《摘金奇缘》展示了明星们在著名的夜市享用美食。有些卖家甚至因其仅售几美元的餐食获得了米其林星级评价)” 可知，这部电影展示了明星们在夜市享受美食，突出了小贩中心的受欢迎程度。故选C。
3．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“But, now the average age of the hawker in Singapore is 60 years old. Younger Singaporeans now want to work in offices. They are less interested in working in small restaurants. The COVID-19 pandemic (流行病) health crisis also hurt sales, preventing foreign visitors and locals from eating out.(但是，现在新加坡小贩的平均年龄为60岁。年轻的新加坡人现在更愿意在办公室工作，对在小餐馆工作兴趣不大。新冠肺炎疫情的健康危机也影响了销售额，阻止了外国游客和本地居民外出就餐)”可知，最后一段主要讨论了小贩文化面临的一些挑战，包括小贩的平均年龄较高、年轻人不愿意从事这项工作以及新冠疫情对销售的影响。故选A。
4．主旨大意题。根据全文内容及第一段“Singapore’s tradition of eating out in places called hawker centres is now recognized by the United Nations for its cultural importance.(新加坡在被称为小贩中心的地方外出就餐的传统因其文化重要性而被联合国认可)”和第三段中“On Wednesday, a specialized agency of the United Nations, UNESCO, added the city’s “hawker culture” to its Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity.(本周三，联合国的一个专门机构——联合国教科文组织将新加坡的“小贩文化”列入了人类非物质文化遗产代表名录)”可知，全文主要介绍了新加坡的小贩文化被联合国教科文组织认可，C选项“联合国教科文组织认可了新加坡的低成本食品文化”为文章的最佳标题。故选C。
（23-24高一下·河北唐山·期末）Storytelling is an important way that people pass down knowledge and culture. Stories can be passed along in many ways, including speaking, writing, and movement.
Hula is a type of dance, and it is also a form of storytelling. It has been a part of Hawaiian storytelling traditions for generations. Many years ago, Hawaiians did not have a written language. To pass down knowledge, they shared chants (吟唱) that told stories of important events. They danced hula to these chants. Through hula, Hawaiians recorded Hawaiian history.
There are two main types of hula. Ancient hula, or hula kahiko, is the oldest form of the dance. Hula kahiko often celebrates Hawaiian gods or chiefs. It also tells stories about important Hawaiian figures in history. Its beat is slow and the movements are graceful. Musicians keep that beat for the dancers with bamboo sticks and drums. A modern form of hula, hula auana, is danced to songs and, often, faster beat. Musicians play the ukulele and guitar in this type of hula. Unlike hula kahiko, hula auana is not performed as a part of a religious ceremony. It's often more relaxed but it also carries significant cultural and education values. Both types of hula are popular in Hawaii today. Masters train students at hula schools, asking them to draw inspiration from nature.
In hula, each movement has a meaning, much like words in a story. Hula dancers use their hands, feet, and hips to tell these stories. One basic hula step is called the kaholo. To perform this step, dancers lower their knees deeply. They move their hips from side to side to the beat. This move can represent a person going on a journey. Other hula steps express nature or weather. For example, in one step, a dancer lifts their hands up, and then they move their fingers as they bring their hands down. This movement represents rain. Through various movements, hula dancers can communicate meanings and share important stories with their community.
1．Why did Hawaiians create hula
A．To inspire young generations. B．To record their past.
C．To improve their language. D．To have fun.
2．Which is different between the two types of hula
A．Music. B．Popularity.
C．Educational role. D．Use of nature.
3．What can be inferred from the last paragraph
A．Hula communicates well. B．Hula needs more movements.
C．Hula movements are easy. D．Hula can express any natural phenomenon.
4．What is the text mainly about
A．How to dance hula. B．Hawaiian way of storytelling.
C．Where hula began. D．Modern Hawaiian celebration.
【答案】1．B 2．A 3．A 4．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了夏威夷的舞蹈——呼啦舞，它是一种讲故事的方式，通过舞蹈动作传达故事的含义，记录历史，传承文化。
1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Through hula, Hawaiians recorded Hawaiian history.”（通过呼啦舞，夏威夷人记录了夏威夷的历史。）可知，夏威夷人创造呼啦舞是为了记录他们的过去。故选B。
2．细节理解题。根据第三段“Hula kahiko often celebrates Hawaiian gods or chiefs. It also tells stories about important Hawaiian figures in history. Its beat is slow and the movements are graceful. Musicians keep that beat for the dancers with bamboo sticks and drums. A modern form of hula, hula auana, is danced to songs and, often, faster beat. Musicians play the ukulele and guitar in this type of hula.”（夏威夷的神或酋长经常用Hula kahiko庆祝。它还告诉了夏威夷历史上重要人物的故事。它的节拍很慢，动作优美。音乐家们用竹竿和鼓为舞者伴奏。呼啦舞的一种现代形式，hula auana，是随着歌曲跳舞的，而且通常节奏更快。音乐家在这种呼啦舞中演奏尤克里里和吉他）可知，两种呼啦舞的不同点是音乐。故选A。
3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Through various movements, hula dancers can communicate meanings and share important stories with their community.”（通过各种动作，呼啦舞舞者可以与社区交流意义并分享重要故事）可知，呼啦舞能使人们很好地沟通。故选A。
4．主旨大意题。通读全文以及根据第二段“Hula is a type of dance, and it is also a form of storytelling. It has been a part of Hawaiian storytelling traditions for generations.”（呼啦舞是一种舞蹈，也是一种讲故事的形式。这是夏威夷几代人讲故事的传统。）可知，短文主要讲夏威夷人讲故事的一种方式——呼啦舞。故选B。
（23-24高一下·重庆·期末）The Fire Festival is celebrated in northern Ghana. It’s a holiday we had never heard of before we came to live in a village here as Peace Corps community volunteers. It’s unbelievably great.
On the Fire Festival, drums beat a quick and regular rhythm that locals dance to in a circle of bodies, men and women, the old and young, holding torches of burning grass above their heads, which stands for the light and getting off negative energies.
At this moment, this festival is being held at the beginning of the lunar year. The locals are all so involved in the celebration that they don’t pay as much attention to us as they normally will. When they find us getting involved as they are, they dance more vigorously and scream with joy.
Danielle, a friend of mine in the Peace Corps, says, “That we join in the celebration is significant because foreigners here are typically seen as the representatives of other organizations, not as people who are willing to join in the Fire Festival rituals (仪式). But in fact, we are dancing and celebrating as one.”
Our two-year Peace Corps service will finish up in mid-November. We can think of no better way to say goodbye than by celebrating the Fire Festival with the villagers we’ve come to know. The festival lets us see a different side of them — and lets them see a different side of us. The neighbors who sell rice are now the women who urge us to run faster and dance harder at the Fire Festival. And rather than view us as low-key volunteers, they see us as the ones who have crazy dance steps with wild screams.
1．Why did the author go to northern Ghana
A．To find a job. B．To go traveling.
C．To study further. D．To do voluntary work.
2．How do the locals feel when seeing the author and Danielle join in the celebration
A．Annoyed. B．Indifferent. C．Confused. D．Excited.
3．What is the last paragraph mainly about
A．The benefits of celebrating the Fire Festival.
B．The secrets of dancing well in the Fire Festival.
C．The reasons of the author’s joining in the festival.
D．The experience of helping the neighbors sell rice.
4．What can we learn from the text
A．Practice makes perfect.
B．Where there is a will, there is a way.
C．When in Rome, do as the Romans do.
D．The grass is always greener on the other side.
【答案】1．D 2．D 3．C 4．C
【导语】这是一篇记叙文，文章主要讲述作者作为和平队社区志愿者在加纳北部庆祝火把节的经历。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段“It’s a holiday we had never heard of before we came to live in a village here as Peace Corps community volunteers.( 这是我们作为和平队社区志愿者来到这里的一个村庄生活之前从未听说过的假期)”可知，作者到加纳北部做志愿工作。故选D。
2．推理判断题。根据第三段“When they find us getting involved as they are, they dance more vigorously and scream with joy. (当他们发现我们像他们一样参与进来时，他们会跳得更卖力，高兴地尖叫)”可推断，当地人发现志愿者们加入他们的庆祝活动后，他们非常激动。故选D。
3．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“We can think of no better way to say goodbye than by celebrating the Fire Festival with the villagers we’ve come to know. The festival lets us see a different side of them—and lets them see a different side of us. (我们想不出比和我们认识的村民一起庆祝火把节更好的告别方式了。这个节日让我们看到了他们的另一面，也让他们看到了我们的另一面)”可知，本段主要讲作者和Danielle加入当地火把节庆祝活动的原因。故选C。
4．推理判断题。结合第一段“It’s a holiday we had never heard of before we came to live in a village here as Peace Corps community volunteers.(这是一个我们作为和平队社区志愿者来到这个村庄之前从未听说过的节日)”和第四段中“That we join in the celebration is significant because foreigners here are typically seen as the representatives of other organizations, not as people who are willing to join in the Fire Festival rituals (仪式). But in fact, we are dancing and celebrating as one.(我们参加庆祝活动意义重大，因为这里的外国人通常被视为其他组织的代表，而不是愿意参加火把节仪式的人。但事实上，我们在一起跳舞和庆祝)”可知，作者和Danielle以和平工作团志愿者的身份来到加纳北部，当地人庆祝火把节时，他们入乡随俗，积极参与庆祝活动，这得以让当地人和志愿者们重新认识彼此。因此，从文中我们可以学到“When in Rome, do as the Romans do(入乡随俗)”。故选C。
（23-24高一下·福建漳州·期末）If you travel to the US and Egypt and forget to tip the hotel staff, it’s possible that you experience a rather awkward reaction. Similarly, if you give table staff a little extra money after a meal in France or Japan, then you’ll probably receive a similar response. Do the same in Argentina and you may even find yourself in trouble with the police — it’s illegal.
Not knowing where and who to tip in different countries can be something causing social trouble. But travel search site We go has now constructed an easy-to-follow infographic (信息图) showing where and when to tip when travelling abroad.
According to the infographic, no tipping should ever happen in Argentina, Japan Oman, Yemen and France. In Austria, Brazil, Netherlands, Russia, Chile, South Africa an Turkey, tipping is expected after eating in a restaurant, unless service charge in included. Tipping is left up to the customer in countries including the UK, Norway, Spain, Denmark and Germany. Deciding whether to leave a tip in these countries depends on the quality of service or experience.
“In the US, low pay earners in the service industry depend on tipping to increase their income, but in Romania, tips are often declined even if the servers may be also in need of the extra earnings,” explains Joachim Holte, Chief Marketing Officer for We go.
However, it seems that tipping traditions are changing throughout the world as more people travel abroad. Australia and New Zealand don’t have a history of tipping, yet travellers who are unaware of this fact have heightened some expectations from service staff.
If you haven’t done your homework before you go, remember you can always ask what the custom is from hotel staff. Most people will appreciate you taking the time to find out, and it’s a good way to avoid some very unpleasant situations.
1．What can we learn from the first two paragraphs
A．We must turn to the infographic when tipping.
B．The search site easily constructed an infographic.
C．The amount of tipping varies from country to country.
D．We should be careful with tipping in different countries.
2．What may have an effect on tipping in Denmark
A．National laws. B．Dinner costs.
C．Servers’ performances. D．Customers’ incomes.
3．What does the underlined word “declined” in paragraph 4 mean
A．Expected. B．Refused. C．Doubled. D．Spent.
4．What probably causes the change in tipping traditions
A．Influences from foreign cultures. B．Demands of the service industry.
C．The introduction of the infographic. D．The desire to avoid awkward situations.
【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 4．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了不同国家的小费文化和习俗，以及随着人们出国旅行的增多，小费传统在全球范围内发生的变化。
1．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“If you travel to the US and Egypt and forget to tip the hotel staff, it’s possible that you experience a rather awkward reaction. Similarly, if you give table staff a little extra money after a meal in France or Japan, then you’ll probably receive a similar response. Do the same in Argentina and you may even find yourself in trouble with the police — it’s illegal.(如果你去美国和埃及旅行，却忘记给酒店员工小费，那么你可能会遇到一些尴尬的反应。同样地，如果你在法国或日本用餐后给服务员一点额外的小费，那么你可能会收到类似的反应。但如果你在阿根廷这样做，你可能会遇到警察的麻烦——因为在那里，这是非法的。)”和文章第二段“Not knowing where and who to tip in different countries can be something causing social trouble.(在不同的国家，不知道在哪里给谁小费可能会引发社会问题。)”可知，我们可以从这两段中得出结论，我们应该在不同国家的小费问题上小心谨慎。故选D。
2．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Tipping is left up to the customer in countries including the UK, Norway, Spain, Denmark and Germany. Deciding whether to leave a tip in these countries depends on the quality of service or experience.(在英国、挪威、西班牙、丹麦和德国等国家，是否给小费取决于顾客自己。在这些国家，是否给小费取决于服务或体验的质量。)”可知，在丹麦等国家，是否给小费取决于服务的质量或体验，即服务员的表现会影响小费的多少。因此，服务员的表现会对丹麦的小费产生影响。故选C。
3．词句猜测题。根据上文“In the US, low pay earners in the service industry depend on tipping to increase their income(在美国，服务行业的低收入者依靠小费来增加收入)”和“but”可知，罗马尼亚的服务员通常会拒绝小费，即使他们也需要额外的收入。由此可知，declined意为“拒绝”。故选B。
4．推理判断题。根据文章第五段“However, it seems that tipping traditions are changing throughout the world as more people travel abroad. Australia and New Zealand don’t have a history of tipping, yet travellers who are unaware of this fact have heightened some expectations from service staff.( 然而，随着越来越多的人出国旅行，世界各地的小费传统似乎正在发生变化。澳大利亚和新西兰并没有小费的历史，但不知情的旅行者却对服务人员产生了一些过高的期望。)”可推知，外国文化的影响可能是导致小费传统变化的原因之一。故选A。
重难语篇拔高练
（24-25高三上·湖北省直辖县级单位·阶段练习）Who first proposed the holiday for workers It’s not entirely clear, but two workers can make a solid claim to the Founder of Labor Day title.
Some records show that in 1882, Peter J. McGuire, general secretary of the Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners and a co-founder of the American Federation of Labor, suggested setting aside a day for a “general holiday for the laboring classes”. But many believe that machinist Matthew Maguire, not Peter McGuire, founded the holiday.
The first Labor Day holiday was celebrated on Tuesday, September 5, 1882, in New York City, in accordance with the plans of the Central Labor Union. The Central Labor Union held its second Labor Day holiday just a year later, on September 5, 1883. By 1894, 23 more states had adopted the holiday, and on June 28, 1894, President Grover Cleveland signed a law making the first Monday in September of each year a national holiday.
Many Americans celebrate Labor Day with parades (游行), picnics and parties — festivities very similar to those outlined by the first proposal for a holiday, which suggested that the day should be observed with a street parade to exhibit “the strength and spirits of the trade and labor organizations” of the community, followed by a festival for the recreation and amusement of the workers and their families. This became the pattern for the celebrations of Labor Day.
Speeches by important official men and women were introduced later, as more emphasis was placed upon the economic and civil significance of the holiday. Still later, by a resolution of the American Federation of Labor convention of 1909, the Sunday before Labor Day was adopted as Labor Sunday and dedicated to (致力于) the spiritual and educational aspects of the labor movement.
American labor has raised the nation’s standard of living and contributed to the greatest production the world has ever known and the labor movement has brought us closer to the realization of our traditional ideals of economic and political democracy.
1．What can we know from paragraph 2
A．People’s views about the founder of Labor Day vary.
B．The author considered Matthew Maguire the founder.
C．Peter J. McGuire wanted to set a few days for a holiday.
D．Labor Day was originally set up for American machinists.
2．What does paragraph 3 mainly tell us
A．The real meaning of Labor Day. B．The development of Labor Day.
C．The reason of setting Labor Day. D．People’s emphasis on Labor Day.
3．What does the underlined word “festivities” in paragraph 4 mean
A．Manners. B．Approaches. C．Rewards. D．Celebrations.
4．What idea does the author want to convey in the last two paragraphs
A．It is known that America develops very fast.
B．The original meaning of Labor Day changes.
C．It is worthwhile to set a day for the laborer.
D．The labor movement makes the life unsteady.
【答案】1．A 2．B 3．D 4．C
【导语】本文是说明文。全文介绍了美国劳动节的由来，以及劳动节的巨大意义。
1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Some records show that in 1882, Peter J. McGuire, general secretary of the Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners and a co-founder of the American Federation of Labor, suggested setting aside a day for a “general holiday for the laboring classes”. But many believe that machinist Matthew Maguire, not Peter McGuire, founded the holiday.(一些记录显示，1882年，木匠和木匠兄弟会的秘书长、美国劳工联合会的联合创始人Peter J. McGuire建议为“劳动阶级的公共假日”留出一天。但许多人认为机械师马修·马奎尔，而不是彼得·麦奎尔，创立了这个节日)”可知，人们对于谁建立了劳动节说法不一。故选A。
2．主旨大意题。根据文章第三段“The first Labor Day holiday was celebrated on Tuesday, September 5, 1882, in New York City, in accordance with the plans of the Central Labor Union. The Central Labor Union held its second Labor Day holiday just a year later, on September 5, 1883. By 1894, 23 more states had adopted the holiday, and on June 28, 1894, President Grover Cleveland signed a law making the first Monday in September of each year a national holiday.(根据中央工会的计划，第一个劳动节假期于1882年9月5日星期二在纽约市庆祝。中央工会在一年后的1883年9月5日举行了第二次劳动节假期。到1894年，又有23个州采纳了这一节日。1894年6月28日，格罗弗·克利夫兰总统签署了一项法律，将每年9月的第一个星期一定为全国性节日)”可知，第三段从第一次建立劳动节开始，一直讲述到1894年官方确立劳动节，因此全段讲述了劳动节的发展历程。故选B。
3．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“Many Americans celebrate Labor Day with parades (游行), picnics and parties (许多美国人以游行、野餐和聚会的方式来庆祝劳动节)”可知，破折号后的festivities是对此的进一步解释，故其在这里是“庆祝活动”的意思。故选D。
4．推理判断题。根据文章第五段“Still later, by a resolution of the American Federation of Labor convention of 1909,the Sunday before Labor Day was adopted as Labor Sunday and dedicated to (致力于) the spiritual and educational aspects of the labor movement.(再后来，根据1909年美国劳工联合会会议的一项决议，劳动节之前的星期天被定为劳动星期日，并致力于劳工运动的精神和教育方面”以及根据第六段“American labor has raised the nation’s standard of living and contributed to the greatest production the world has ever known and the labor movement has brought us closer to the realization of our traditional ideals of economic and political democracy.(美国劳工提高了国家的生活水平，为世界上最伟大的生产做出了贡献，工人运动使我们更接近实现我们传统的经济和政治民主理想)”可知，最后两段讲述人们对劳动节的重视程度日益加深，劳动者在提高人们生活水平方面起到了重要作用。由此推知，作者在最后两段强调为劳动者建立节日是非常值得的。故选C。
（23-24高二下·四川德阳·期末）Reading books brings with it numerous benefits. Reading gives people the opportunity to explore new worlds and meet new people both real and imagined. It also expands our knowledge and understanding of the world around us and those far away.
To celebrate the wonderment of books and writers, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) established 23 April as World Book and Copyright Day in 1995. However, it got its start long before that in Spain.
Setting aside a day to celebrate books goes back to Spanish writer Vicente Clavel Andrés. In 1922 he proposed the idea as a way to honor fellow countryman author Miguel de Cervantes. Four years later the first celebration took place on 7 October, Cervantes’ birthday, but was moved to 23 April, the date of his death, in 1930.
In 1995, the UNESCO General Conference decided to pay homage (敬意) to authors and books world-wide as a way of encouraging everyone to access books. Choosing 23 April seemed a logical choice, besides being the date of Cervante’s death, it also happens to be the date William Shakespeare and Inca Garcilaso de la Vega died. Additionally, several distinguished authors were born on 23 April, making it a symbolic date in the world literature.
Annually since 2001, one city around the world is chosen to be the UNESCO World Book Capital for a year. The selected city is responsible for carrying out activities within this year to encourage “a culture of reading and spread its values in all ages and population groups in and out of the national borders.”
The idea was put forward by Spain in 2001, and Madrid was chosen to be the first capital, followed by Alexandria and then New Delhi. Those cities are chosen each year by the Director-General of UNESCO and an advisory committee made up of representatives from international organizations representing authors, libraries and publishers. UNESCO has named Accra as the 2023World Book Capital.
1．Which is NOT the benefit of reading books
A．It broadens people’s horizons.
B．It helps people better understand the world.
C．It gives people free tickets to travel.
D．It allows people to connect with others.
2．Which of the following words has the closest meaning with the underlined one in Para. 2
A．Admiration B．Advantage C．Amusement D．Attempt
3．Why did the UNESCO General Conference establish 23 April as World Book Day
A．Because it seemed a convenient day for celebration.
B．Because many great writers have some connection with this day.
C．Because Shakespeare and Inca Garcilaso de la Vega died on the day.
D．Because Spain writer Vicente Clavel Andrés recommended that day.
4．What will the writer probably continue to write
A．Last World Book Capital. B．A brief introduction to Accra.
C．The location of a World Book Capital. D．The function of a World Book Capital.
【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了阅读书籍的益处，世界图书和版权日的起源，以及联合国教科文组织世界图书之都的相关情况。
1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Reading books brings with it numerous benefits. Reading gives people the opportunity to explore new worlds and meet new people both real and imagined. It also expands our knowledge and understanding of the world around us and those far away.(读书带来无数的好处。读书给了人们探索新世界和认识真实和想象中的人的机会。它也扩大了我们对我们周围的世界和远方世界的知识和理解) ”可知，读书可以拓宽人们的视野，帮助人们更好地理解世界，并让人们能够与他人建立联系。但是并没有提到读书会给人免费旅行的票。故选C。
2．词义猜测题。根据文章第二段“To celebrate the…of books and writers, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization(UNESCO)established 23 April as World Book and Copyright Day in 1995. However, it got its start long before that in Spain(为了庆祝书籍和作家的……，联合国教育、科学及文化组织（UNESCO）于1995年将4月23日设立为世界图书和版权日。然而，这一节日的起源远早于此，始于西班牙)”可知，提到了联合国教科文组织设立世界图书与版权日是为了庆祝书籍和作家的奇迹。由此可以推测“celebrate”的意思与A项“Admiration(引人赞美的人或物)”最为接近。故选A。
3．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Choosing 23 April seemed a logical choice, besides being the date of Cervante’s death, it also happens to be the date William Shakespeare and Inca Garcilaso de la Vega died. Additionally, several distinguished authors were born on 23 April, making it a symbolic date in the world literature.(选择4月23日似乎是一个合乎逻辑的选择，除了是塞万提斯去世的日子，这一天也恰好是威廉·莎士比亚和印加·加西拉索·德拉韦加去世的日子。此外，几位杰出的作家是在4月23日出生的，这使它成为了世界文学中的象征性日期)”可知，许多伟大的作家都与这一天有联系，这是联合国教科文组织将4月23日定为世界图书日的原因之一。故选B。
4．推理判断题。文章最后一段提到了“UNESCO has named Accra as the 2023 World Book Capital(联合国教科文组织已将阿克拉命名为2023年世界图书之都)”可知，此处提到了世界图书之都，但并未涉及该组织的功能，接下来作者可能会继续写关于世界图书之都的功能，因为这符合文章讨论的主题。故选D。Unit 1 Festivals and Celebrations
单元话题阅读理解练习
基础语篇巩固练
（24-25高一上·安徽合肥·期末）Celebrating the arrival of new year is a tradition almost people around the world do every year. Here are some interesting customs in different places.
New York, U. S. A
Most of New Yorkers spend the final seconds of each calendar year watching a nearly 12,000-pound geodesic sphere (Times Square Ball) descend over Times Square in New York City. Close to 60,000 spectators gather to see the ball drop in person, but if being one of them is on your bucket list, be forewarned: There are no bathrooms, and to get a good view, you’ll likely need to get your spot (and start holding it) around 3 p. m.
Scotland, U. K
The Scots stretch New Year’s Eve into a three-day celebration starting with a parade through Edinburgh on Dec. 30, followed by a housecleaning. Then, during “first footing”, friends and family visit each other after midnight to become the first to set foot in each other’s homes. For good luck, the first visitor should be a tall, dark-haired male (a contrast to the blond Viking invaders of Scotland’s past), with shortbread, whisky and a lump of coal.
Greece
Greeks mash pomegranates (石榴), which symbolize renewal in their culture, for New Year’s. Another tradition is waking up children on Jan. 1 by tapping them on the head with onion, which represents growth and good health. Brazil
Brazilians run into the ocean at midnight and jump over seven waves, each symbolizing a different wish for the year ahead. Water temperatures at that time of year average a balmy 75 degrees Fahrenheit, whereas those who brave the “polar bear plunge” on New Year’s Day in the U. S. and Canada are in for a much chillier dip. But their hearts are in the right place: It raises money for charity.
1．In order to attend the ceremony in New York Times Square, you need to ________
A．grab your spot in person about 9 hours earlier. B．buy a ticket on the spot.
C．reserve your spot in advance. D．book a bathroom the day before
2．Why do Scots hope it would be better if the first visitor is a dark-haired male
A．Scots like tall male Chinese.
B．Dark color means good luck in Scotland.
C．The invasion from blond Vikings in the past leads to this custom.
D．A dark-haired man will bring them shortbread, whisky and coal as presents.
3．As for the New Year custom in Greece and Brazil, which one is correct
A．Greeks use pomegranates to wish they will have more children.
B．Greeks think onion will not grow unless it touches children’s head.
C．Brazillians run into the ocean at midnight to raise money.
D．Brazillians may have 7 different wishes by jumping over 7 waves.
（24-25高一上·湖南·期末）Of the many colorful Romanian traditions that are brought to life every year, the Bear Dance is one of the most inspiring. This folk tradition dates back to thousands of years ago.
Traditionally, the arrival of the “bears” is announced by a small group of “irozi” who blow whistles to a rhythm (节奏) set by the head bear tamer (训兽师). Chosen for his leadership skills, the head tamer is the one who decides when each of the acts is played and gives the signs.
The “bears” dance to the beat set by the flutes and the drums. Wearing the special costumes (戏服) requires strength and confidence, with the heaviest of costumes weighing up to 50 kilos.
When the person wearing the costume is standing up straight, the “bear” looks up. During the dance, the wearer must move forward and shake his or her body to the left and to the right while taking small steps either to the front or to the side.
The Bear Dance symbolizes the death and rebirth of time. Performed between Christmas and New Year’s Eve, this ancient celebration brings together the whole community, who gather to watch the performance. The Bear Dance sees men of all ages, and increasingly more women, who are dressed in real bear skins and dance to the rhythm of flutes and drums to drive off evil spirits and ring in the new year.
By tradition, the group of the Bear Dance, which includes 6 to 24 “bears” would visit every family of the village, accompanied by up to three singing bear tamers, several characters wearing women’s clothes and drummers. While this tradition is still observed in many villages, in cities and towns it usually takes the form of a parade that ends with a major performance.
1．What do we know about the Bear Dance
A．It is specially performed by bears. B．It is better celebrated in cities.
C．It is a tradition with a long history. D．It is a daily sport in Romania.
2．How does the Bear Dance begin
A．Several characters beat drums. B．The bear tamer dances to a rhythm.
C．Some performers played the flutes. D．A group of members blow whistles.
3．Why do the locals hold the Bear Dance every year
A．To welcome the arrival of the new year. B．To celebrate the positive part of life.
C．To call on people to protect wild animals. D．To provide themselves with a way to have fun.
4．Which part of a magazine is the text probably taken from
A．Nature. B．Culture. C．Business. D．Environment.
（24-25高一上·湖南长沙·期末）Famous Festivals Around the World
Celebrations are an important part of every culture, and each country has its own unique festivals. Here is a brief introduction to some of the most famous festivals celebrated around the world.
Carnival in Brazil
The Carnival in Brazil is one of the largest and most famous festivals in the world. It is celebrated with parades (游行), samba dancing, and colorful dresses. It’s a fun time before a serious religious time called Lent.
Mardi Gras in New Orleans
Mardi Gras, or Fat Tuesday, is a big celebration in New Orleans, Louisiana, USA．It is known for its parades, floats, and the throwing of colorful beads (珠子) to the crowd. This yearly event is a mix of very old traditions from different cultures and is a very special time.
Oktoberfest in Germany
Oktoberfest is one of the world’s largest folk festivals held each year in Munich；Germany. It includes attractions like thrill rides, games, and, of course, plenty of beer. The festival originally celebrated the marriage of Crown Prince Ludwig of Bavaria and Princess Therese of Saxe-Hildburghausen.
Diwali in India
Diwali is also called the Festival of Lights. It happens in the fall and lasts for five days. People light lamps to show that light and good win over darkness and bad. There are also fireworks and family get-togethers during Diwali. These festivals not only celebrate the unique cultural identities of their respective countries but also serve as a reminder of the richness of global traditions.
1．Which activity do Carnival in Brazil and Mardi Gras in New Orleans both feature
A．Lighting oil lamps. B．Celebrating with parades.
C．Throwing colorful beads. D．Drinking large amounts of beer.
2．What is the origin of Oktoberfest in Germany
A．A historical battle. B．A celebration of victory.
C．A royal wedding celebration. D．A local folk dance festival.
3．What type of writing is this text
A．A travel plan. B．A scientific paper C．A news report. D．A magazine article.
（24-25高一上·辽宁鞍山·阶段练习）Singapore’s tradition of eating out in places called hawker centres is now recognized by the United Nations for its cultural importance.
A hawker is a person who sells food or goods and advertises by shouting to people walking by on the street. Hawkers are an important part of Singaporean culture. Open-air eating areas where hawkers sell their goods in low price are very popular. Famous chefs, such as Anthony Bourdain and Gordon Ramsay have praised them.
On Wednesday, a specialized agency of the United Nations, UNESCO, added the city’s “hawker culture” to its Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity. Singapore sought to have hawker culture added to the list about two years ago. Now that it has been recognized, Singapore must provide a report every six years for UNESCO. The report must show efforts the city-state has made to save and support its hawker culture. “These centres serve as ‘community dining rooms’, where people from various backgrounds gather and share the experience of dining over breakfast, lunch and dinner,” UNESCO said.
In the 1970s, Singapore cleaned up its streets so the city moved street hawkers to new eating centres. These areas were part of an effort to improve the island. Now, the centres offer many different low-cost meals to local people and provide a pleasing social setting. The 2018 film Crazy Rich Asians showed its stars enjoying meals at a famous night market. Some sellers even received Michelin stars from a famous restaurant rating system for their meals costing only a few dollars.
But, now the average age of the hawker in Singapore is 60 years old. Younger Singaporeans now want to work in offices. They are less interested in working in small restaurants. The COVID-19 pandemic (流行病) health crisis also hurt sales, preventing foreign visitors and locals from eating out.
1．What do we know about hawkers from paragraph 2
A．They are native Singaporeans.
B．They sell goods in the open air.
C．They like posting advertisements on the street.
D．They have good relationships with famous chefs.
2．Why is the film Crazy Rich Asians mentioned
A．To advertise the film.
B．To introduce the stars.
C．To show the popularity of hawker centres.
D．To explain a famous restaurant rating system.
3．What is the last paragraph mainly about
A．The difficulties faced by hawker culture. B．The effect of the COVID-19 pandemic.
C．The future of hawker culture. D．The average age of hawkers.
4．What is the best title for the text
A．Hawkers support cultural diversity in Singapore.
B．Singapore makes efforts to promote its hawker culture.
C．UNESCO recognizes Singapore’s low-cost food culture.
D．Singapore is preparing for the protection of traditional culture.
（23-24高一下·河北唐山·期末）Storytelling is an important way that people pass down knowledge and culture. Stories can be passed along in many ways, including speaking, writing, and movement.
Hula is a type of dance, and it is also a form of storytelling. It has been a part of Hawaiian storytelling traditions for generations. Many years ago, Hawaiians did not have a written language. To pass down knowledge, they shared chants (吟唱) that told stories of important events. They danced hula to these chants. Through hula, Hawaiians recorded Hawaiian history.
There are two main types of hula. Ancient hula, or hula kahiko, is the oldest form of the dance. Hula kahiko often celebrates Hawaiian gods or chiefs. It also tells stories about important Hawaiian figures in history. Its beat is slow and the movements are graceful. Musicians keep that beat for the dancers with bamboo sticks and drums. A modern form of hula, hula auana, is danced to songs and, often, faster beat. Musicians play the ukulele and guitar in this type of hula. Unlike hula kahiko, hula auana is not performed as a part of a religious ceremony. It's often more relaxed but it also carries significant cultural and education values. Both types of hula are popular in Hawaii today. Masters train students at hula schools, asking them to draw inspiration from nature.
In hula, each movement has a meaning, much like words in a story. Hula dancers use their hands, feet, and hips to tell these stories. One basic hula step is called the kaholo. To perform this step, dancers lower their knees deeply. They move their hips from side to side to the beat. This move can represent a person going on a journey. Other hula steps express nature or weather. For example, in one step, a dancer lifts their hands up, and then they move their fingers as they bring their hands down. This movement represents rain. Through various movements, hula dancers can communicate meanings and share important stories with their community.
1．Why did Hawaiians create hula
A．To inspire young generations. B．To record their past.
C．To improve their language. D．To have fun.
2．Which is different between the two types of hula
A．Music. B．Popularity.
C．Educational role. D．Use of nature.
3．What can be inferred from the last paragraph
A．Hula communicates well. B．Hula needs more movements.
C．Hula movements are easy. D．Hula can express any natural phenomenon.
4．What is the text mainly about
A．How to dance hula. B．Hawaiian way of storytelling.
C．Where hula began. D．Modern Hawaiian celebration.
（23-24高一下·重庆·期末）The Fire Festival is celebrated in northern Ghana. It’s a holiday we had never heard of before we came to live in a village here as Peace Corps community volunteers. It’s unbelievably great.
On the Fire Festival, drums beat a quick and regular rhythm that locals dance to in a circle of bodies, men and women, the old and young, holding torches of burning grass above their heads, which stands for the light and getting off negative energies.
At this moment, this festival is being held at the beginning of the lunar year. The locals are all so involved in the celebration that they don’t pay as much attention to us as they normally will. When they find us getting involved as they are, they dance more vigorously and scream with joy.
Danielle, a friend of mine in the Peace Corps, says, “That we join in the celebration is significant because foreigners here are typically seen as the representatives of other organizations, not as people who are willing to join in the Fire Festival rituals (仪式). But in fact, we are dancing and celebrating as one.”
Our two-year Peace Corps service will finish up in mid-November. We can think of no better way to say goodbye than by celebrating the Fire Festival with the villagers we’ve come to know. The festival lets us see a different side of them — and lets them see a different side of us. The neighbors who sell rice are now the women who urge us to run faster and dance harder at the Fire Festival. And rather than view us as low-key volunteers, they see us as the ones who have crazy dance steps with wild screams.
1．Why did the author go to northern Ghana
A．To find a job. B．To go traveling.
C．To study further. D．To do voluntary work.
2．How do the locals feel when seeing the author and Danielle join in the celebration
A．Annoyed. B．Indifferent. C．Confused. D．Excited.
3．What is the last paragraph mainly about
A．The benefits of celebrating the Fire Festival.
B．The secrets of dancing well in the Fire Festival.
C．The reasons of the author’s joining in the festival.
D．The experience of helping the neighbors sell rice.
4．What can we learn from the text
A．Practice makes perfect.
B．Where there is a will, there is a way.
C．When in Rome, do as the Romans do.
D．The grass is always greener on the other side.
（23-24高一下·福建漳州·期末）If you travel to the US and Egypt and forget to tip the hotel staff, it’s possible that you experience a rather awkward reaction. Similarly, if you give table staff a little extra money after a meal in France or Japan, then you’ll probably receive a similar response. Do the same in Argentina and you may even find yourself in trouble with the police — it’s illegal.
Not knowing where and who to tip in different countries can be something causing social trouble. But travel search site We go has now constructed an easy-to-follow infographic (信息图) showing where and when to tip when travelling abroad.
According to the infographic, no tipping should ever happen in Argentina, Japan Oman, Yemen and France. In Austria, Brazil, Netherlands, Russia, Chile, South Africa an Turkey, tipping is expected after eating in a restaurant, unless service charge in included. Tipping is left up to the customer in countries including the UK, Norway, Spain, Denmark and Germany. Deciding whether to leave a tip in these countries depends on the quality of service or experience.
“In the US, low pay earners in the service industry depend on tipping to increase their income, but in Romania, tips are often declined even if the servers may be also in need of the extra earnings,” explains Joachim Holte, Chief Marketing Officer for We go.
However, it seems that tipping traditions are changing throughout the world as more people travel abroad. Australia and New Zealand don’t have a history of tipping, yet travellers who are unaware of this fact have heightened some expectations from service staff.
If you haven’t done your homework before you go, remember you can always ask what the custom is from hotel staff. Most people will appreciate you taking the time to find out, and it’s a good way to avoid some very unpleasant situations.
1．What can we learn from the first two paragraphs
A．We must turn to the infographic when tipping.
B．The search site easily constructed an infographic.
C．The amount of tipping varies from country to country.
D．We should be careful with tipping in different countries.
2．What may have an effect on tipping in Denmark
A．National laws. B．Dinner costs.
C．Servers’ performances. D．Customers’ incomes.
3．What does the underlined word “declined” in paragraph 4 mean
A．Expected. B．Refused. C．Doubled. D．Spent.
4．What probably causes the change in tipping traditions
A．Influences from foreign cultures. B．Demands of the service industry.
C．The introduction of the infographic. D．The desire to avoid awkward situations.
重难语篇拔高练
（24-25高三上·湖北省直辖县级单位·阶段练习）Who first proposed the holiday for workers It’s not entirely clear, but two workers can make a solid claim to the Founder of Labor Day title.
Some records show that in 1882, Peter J. McGuire, general secretary of the Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners and a co-founder of the American Federation of Labor, suggested setting aside a day for a “general holiday for the laboring classes”. But many believe that machinist Matthew Maguire, not Peter McGuire, founded the holiday.
The first Labor Day holiday was celebrated on Tuesday, September 5, 1882, in New York City, in accordance with the plans of the Central Labor Union. The Central Labor Union held its second Labor Day holiday just a year later, on September 5, 1883. By 1894, 23 more states had adopted the holiday, and on June 28, 1894, President Grover Cleveland signed a law making the first Monday in September of each year a national holiday.
Many Americans celebrate Labor Day with parades (游行), picnics and parties — festivities very similar to those outlined by the first proposal for a holiday, which suggested that the day should be observed with a street parade to exhibit “the strength and spirits of the trade and labor organizations” of the community, followed by a festival for the recreation and amusement of the workers and their families. This became the pattern for the celebrations of Labor Day.
Speeches by important official men and women were introduced later, as more emphasis was placed upon the economic and civil significance of the holiday. Still later, by a resolution of the American Federation of Labor convention of 1909, the Sunday before Labor Day was adopted as Labor Sunday and dedicated to (致力于) the spiritual and educational aspects of the labor movement.
American labor has raised the nation’s standard of living and contributed to the greatest production the world has ever known and the labor movement has brought us closer to the realization of our traditional ideals of economic and political democracy.
1．What can we know from paragraph 2
A．People’s views about the founder of Labor Day vary.
B．The author considered Matthew Maguire the founder.
C．Peter J. McGuire wanted to set a few days for a holiday.
D．Labor Day was originally set up for American machinists.
2．What does paragraph 3 mainly tell us
A．The real meaning of Labor Day. B．The development of Labor Day.
C．The reason of setting Labor Day. D．People’s emphasis on Labor Day.
3．What does the underlined word “festivities” in paragraph 4 mean
A．Manners. B．Approaches. C．Rewards. D．Celebrations.
4．What idea does the author want to convey in the last two paragraphs
A．It is known that America develops very fast.
B．The original meaning of Labor Day changes.
C．It is worthwhile to set a day for the laborer.
D．The labor movement makes the life unsteady.
（23-24高二下·四川德阳·期末）Reading books brings with it numerous benefits. Reading gives people the opportunity to explore new worlds and meet new people both real and imagined. It also expands our knowledge and understanding of the world around us and those far away.
To celebrate the wonderment of books and writers, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) established 23 April as World Book and Copyright Day in 1995. However, it got its start long before that in Spain.
Setting aside a day to celebrate books goes back to Spanish writer Vicente Clavel Andrés. In 1922 he proposed the idea as a way to honor fellow countryman author Miguel de Cervantes. Four years later the first celebration took place on 7 October, Cervantes’ birthday, but was moved to 23 April, the date of his death, in 1930.
In 1995, the UNESCO General Conference decided to pay homage (敬意) to authors and books world-wide as a way of encouraging everyone to access books. Choosing 23 April seemed a logical choice, besides being the date of Cervante’s death, it also happens to be the date William Shakespeare and Inca Garcilaso de la Vega died. Additionally, several distinguished authors were born on 23 April, making it a symbolic date in the world literature.
Annually since 2001, one city around the world is chosen to be the UNESCO World Book Capital for a year. The selected city is responsible for carrying out activities within this year to encourage “a culture of reading and spread its values in all ages and population groups in and out of the national borders.”
The idea was put forward by Spain in 2001, and Madrid was chosen to be the first capital, followed by Alexandria and then New Delhi. Those cities are chosen each year by the Director-General of UNESCO and an advisory committee made up of representatives from international organizations representing authors, libraries and publishers. UNESCO has named Accra as the 2023World Book Capital.
1．Which is NOT the benefit of reading books
A．It broadens people’s horizons.
B．It helps people better understand the world.
C．It gives people free tickets to travel.
D．It allows people to connect with others.
2．Which of the following words has the closest meaning with the underlined one in Para. 2
A．Admiration B．Advantage C．Amusement D．Attempt
3．Why did the UNESCO General Conference establish 23 April as World Book Day
A．Because it seemed a convenient day for celebration.
B．Because many great writers have some connection with this day.
C．Because Shakespeare and Inca Garcilaso de la Vega died on the day.
D．Because Spain writer Vicente Clavel Andrés recommended that day.
4．What will the writer probably continue to write
A．Last World Book Capital. B．A brief introduction to Accra.
C．The location of a World Book Capital. D．The function of a World Book Capital
