Unit 2 Morals and virtues
单元话题阅读理解练习
基础语篇巩固练
（24-25高一上·江苏连云港·期末）Lieutenant Colonel (中校) Song Lingdong will soon become one of the first astronauts from the post-1990s generation in China to start a space journey.
Born in August 1990 to a farmer’s family in Caoxian county, Shandong province, Song joined the PLA Air Force in September 2008 and was sent to learn flying. In the first months at the flight school, the young man had bad scores in his physical tests. He also had a tough time in his first flights due to airsickness.
Knowing clearly about his weaknesses, Song decided to depend on willpower and sweat to make up for them. He soon became the one student in his class who always appeared on the exercise field and often asked the trainers to double the amount of his training. Thanks to his hard work, he received the top score in his solo (个人) flight exam. After graduation, Song became a pilot.
In the spring of 2018, Song was told about the PLA Astronaut Department beginning to pick new members. Soon he decided to apply. He said the desire to fly above the atmosphere (大气层) was inspired by a TV news report he saw about China’s first spaceflight, when he was 13 years old.
In September 2020, he was selected as one of the third group of astronauts. He soon realized that a successful astronaut really needs calmness and team spirit. He learned to slow down and even started going fishing to improve his patience. In the eyes of the leader Cai Xuzhe and teammate Wang Haoze, Song is now fully able to complete a spaceflight and can be depended upon.
1．What can we learn about Song Lingdong from Paragraphs 2 &3
A．He became a pilot without difficulty. B．He did very well in his physical tests.
C．He managed to make up for his weaknesses. D．He received the highest score in every exam.
2．What inspired Song Lingdong to be an astronaut
A．A TV news report. B．A childhood dream.
C．His hard work in training. D．His curiosity about space.
3．Which of the following best describes Song Lingdong
A．Shallow. B．Talented. C．Frank. D．Hardworking.
4．What can we learn from Song Lingdong’s story
A．It is never too old to learn. B．Actions speak louder than words.
C．A friend in need is a friend indeed. D．Where there is a will, there is a way.
【答案】1．C 2．A 3．D 4．D
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要介绍了宇航员宋令东的个人经历以及是如何成为宇航员的。
1．细节理解题。根据第三段“Knowing clearly about his weaknesses, Song decided to depend on willpower and sweat to make up for them.(他深知自己的弱点，决定依靠意志力和汗水来弥补)”可知，宋令东设法弥补了自己的缺点。故选C。
2．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“In the spring of 2018, Song was told about the PLA Astronaut Department beginning to pick new members. Soon he decided to apply. He said the desire to fly above the atmosphere (大气层) was inspired by a TV news report he saw about China’s first spaceflight, when he was 13 years old.(2018年春天，宋得知中国人民解放军航天员部开始选拔新成员。不久，他决定申请。他说，他13岁时看到的一则有关中国首次太空飞行的电视新闻报道，激发了他飞上大气层的愿望)”可知，电视新闻报道激励了宋令东成为一名宇航员。故选A。
3．推理判断题。根据第三段“He soon became the one student in his class who always appeared on the exercise field and often asked the trainers to double the amount of his training. Thanks to his hard work, he received the top score in his solo (个人) flight exam.(很快，他就成了班里唯一一个总是出现在训练场上，并经常要求教练把他的训练量增加一倍的学生。由于努力训练，他在单飞考试中得了最高分)”可知，宋令东很勤奋。故选D。
4．推理判断题。根据第三段“Knowing clearly about his weaknesses, Song decided to depend on willpower and sweat to make up for them.(他深知自己的弱点，决定依靠意志力和汗水来弥补)”以及宋令东凭借勤奋弥补了自己的缺点，最后实现了自己太空梦想，可知，他的故事告诉我们“有志者，事竟成”的道理。故选D。
（24-25高一上·山西运城·期末）Volunteering is a good way for teenagers to make a difference and meet new people. Here are a few volunteer opportunities that you could encourage your teen to take up.
Help a local food bank
Food banks always welcome donations and new volunteers. They provide perfect volunteering opportunities for those who are interested in helping the homeless. Your teen would be involved in anything, from preparing meals to working behind the scenes to repack donated food items, serving food, and carrying boxes.
Help at a soup kitchen
A soup kitchen is one of the places where the hungry can get free or affordable meals (usually soup and bread). Most soup kitchens run mainly on donations and the generosity of people. As a soup kitchen volunteer, your child may be made to clean the tables and plates, help distribute food, cook food, and more.
Volunteer for Meals on Wheels
By volunteering for Meals on Wheels, your teen will deliver nutritious meals to the elderly or the disabled. It’s perfect for teens who have just received their driving license and love any reason to get behind the wheel! They can make a huge impact in a short amount of time. Similarly, your teen can also volunteer in their kitchen and prepare meals for delivery. With a simple gesture, your teen can bring millions of smiles to people’s lives.
Work with Habitat for Humanity
Habitat for Humanity’s mission is to build or improve a place that someone could call home. Besides helping the community, your teen will learn valuable skills such as repairing, fundraising, painting, and building. You can sign them up for long-term projects or a one-time program.
1．What do a local food bank and a soup kitchen have in common
A．Their sources of food. B．Free meals for volunteers.
C．The price of the food. D．Approachable locations.
2．Who would be the most suitable for Meals on Wheels
A．Lucy, who prefers cooking. B．Linda, who likes drawing.
C．Jack, who is fond of driving. D．Peter, who is good at playing football.
3．Which would you choose if you want to learn some skills
A．A local food bank. B．A soup kitchen.
C．Meals on Wheels. D．Habitat for Humanity.
【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个志愿者机会。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Food banks always welcome donations and new volunteers.(食物银行总是欢迎捐款和新的志愿者)”以及第三段“Most soup kitchens run mainly on donations and the generosity of people.(大多数施粥所主要依靠捐赠和人们的慷慨来运作)”可知，当地的食物银行和汤厨房的共同之处在于食物来源都是捐赠所得。故选A。
2．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“It’s perfect for teens who have just received their driving license and love any reason to get behind the wheel!(它非常适合刚刚获得驾照并喜欢任何理由开车的青少年！)”可知，喜欢开车的杰克最适合送餐上门服务。故选C。
3．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Besides helping the community, your teen will learn valuable skills such as repairing, fundraising, painting, and building.(除了帮助社区，你的孩子还会学到一些有价值的技能，比如修理、筹款、油漆和建筑)”可知，如果你想学习一些技能，应该选择Habitat for Humanity。故选D。
（24-25高一上·安徽亳州·期末）MUIR BEACH CLEAN-UP
Help protect Muir Beach by joining us at a monthly beach clean-up! Volunteers will enjoy beautiful ocean views while they remove litter and debris (碎片), protect native habitats, and help reduce ocean debris. This is a fun family-friendly volunteer opportunity, volunteers of all ages are welcome.
When: Second Thursday of the month, 9:30 am — 12:30 pm.
Where: Muir Beach parking lot. Registration is required.
Supplies: We invite volunteers to bring their own reusable supplies! Limit waste by bringing your own bag and gloves (手套) if you have them — but don’t worry if you don’t, we’ll have some supplies on site for you to use.
Age, Skills, What to Bring
· Volunteers ages 10 and up are welcome. Read our Youth Policy Guidelines (PDF) for youth under the age of 15.
· Bring your completed Volunteer Agreement Form (PDF). Volunteers under the age of 18 must have the parent/ guardian approval section signed.
· We’ll be working rain or shine. Wear clothes that can get dirty. Long pants (裤) are required.
· Bring raincoat if necessary.
· Bring a personal water bottle and sunscreen.
· No experience necessary. Training and tools will be provided.
The Golden Gate National Parks Volunteer Program is a cooperative parkwide effort of the Golden Gate National Parks Conservancy, the National Park Service, and the Presidio Trust.
1．What is the aim of the event
A．To promote tourism at Muir Beach.
B．To clean up and conserve Muir Beach.
C．To organize a family picnic at the beach.
D．To train volunteers for environmental projects.
2．What do we know about tools
A．Volunteers must bring their own tools.
B．Tools are not necessary for volunteering.
C．Only single-use tools are available on site.
D．Volunteers are encouraged to bring reusable ones.
3．What are the volunteers expected to do
A．Get experience before coming.
B．Wear thick clothes to keep warm.
C．Sign the Volunteer Agreement Form.
D．Make up the Youth Policy Guidelines.
【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章是一篇“缪尔海滩清理”项目的宣传广告，号召志愿者积极加入到保护缪尔海滩的活动中来。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“Help protect Muir Beach by joining us at a monthly beach clean-up!(加入我们每月一次的海滩清理活动，帮助保护缪尔海滩！)”可知，这个活动的目的是清理和保护缪尔海滩。故选B。
2．细节理解题。根据“Supplies”部分“We invite volunteers to bring their own reusable supplies! Limit waste by bringing your own bag and gloves (手套) if you have them — but don’t worry if you don’t, we’ll have some supplies on site for you to use.(我们邀请志愿者自带可重复使用的物品！如果你有包和手套，请自备，以减少浪费。如果你没有，也不要担心，我们会在现场为你准备一些用品。)”和可知，活动鼓励志愿者携带可循环使用的工具。故选D。
3．细节理解题。根据“Age, Skills, What to Bring”部分中的“Bring your completed Volunteer Agreement Form (PDF). Volunteers under the age of 18 must have the parent/ guardian approval section signed.(带上填妥的义工协议书（PDF）。18岁以下的志愿者必须在家长/监护人同意部分签字。)”可知，志愿者应该签署义工协议书。故选C。
（24-25高一上·山东德州·期末）Jane Goodall is a British primatologist known for her pioneering work with chimpanzees (黑猩猩). Born in 1934, she developed a passion for animals early in life, which led her to study chimpanzees. Initially as a stranger in the field of chimpanzees, Goodall’s breakthrough came when she befriended David Greybeard, an adult chimpanzee. She found David picked a small leafy branch, removed the leaves from the branch, used the stick to get ants out of their tunneled home, which challenged the belief that only humans could use tools.
Goodall’s discovery was recognized by Leakey, one of the world’s leading anthropologists at the time, who found in Goodall a passion for knowledge, a love for animals and huge patience— the things that are still with her today. Most importantly, he wanted a person with a mind that was not controlled by existing theories. Although Goodall didn’t attend university, she met this requirement. Goodall’s observations were revolutionary, leading Leakey to suggest redefining what it means to be human.
Despite facing doubts, especially as a young woman in a male-dominated field, she became an outstanding figure in wildlife conservation. In 1977, she founded the Jane Goodall Institute, which supported research and community-centered conservation programs, enabling young people to take part in environmental protection.
Throughout her career, Goodall has supported animal welfare and environmental conservation, raising people’s awareness of protection wildlife. She has also focused on establishing programs to support young African girls’ education and health. Goodall’ s work has had a lasting impact on both science and protection, inspiring generations to appreciate and protect the natural world. Even at 90, she continues to travel broadly, sharing her message of hope and the importance of living in harmony with nature. Her devotions make her a role model for many people.
1．What significant discovery did Goodall make about chimpanzees
A．They behaved oddly.
B．They used tools like humans.
C．They loved living in groups.
D．They moved through branches.
2．What impressed Leaky most about Goodall
A．Her previous experience.
B．Her academic background.
C．Her passion for knowledge.
D．Her independent thinking.
3．What can we know from the last two paragraphs
A．Goodall was devoted to wildlife protection.
B．Goodall was criticized by research communities.
C．Goodall encouraged travelling around the world.
D．Goodall supported the equality of men and women.
4．Which of the following best describes Jane Goodall
A．Sociable and humorous.
B．Pioneering and devoted.
C．Honest and responsible.
D．Fashionable and appreciative.
【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．B
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了英国灵长类动物学家珍·古道尔的生平及贡献。
1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段最后一句“She found David picked a small leafy branch, removed the leaves from the branch, used the stick to get ants out of their tunneled home, which challenged the belief that only humans could use tools.(她发现大卫捡起一根小树枝，把树枝上的叶子摘掉，用这根棍子把蚂蚁从它们的隧道式的家里赶出来，这挑战了只有人类才会使用工具的观念。)”可知，古道尔关于黑猩猩的重大发现是它们像人类一样使用工具。故选B。
2．细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“Goodall’s discovery was recognized by Leakey, one of the world’s leading anthropologists at the time, who found in Goodall a passion for knowledge, a love for animals and huge patience—the things that are still with her today.(古道尔的发现得到了当时世界著名人类学家利基的认可，利基在古道尔身上发现了对知识的热爱、对动物的热爱和巨大的耐心——这些品质至今仍伴随着她。)”可知，古道尔对知识的热爱给利基留下了最深刻的印象。故选C。
3．推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段第一句“Despite facing doubts, especially as a young woman in a male-dominated field, she became an outstanding figure in wildlife conservation.(尽管面临质疑，尤其是作为一个在男性主导领域工作的年轻女性，她已成为野生动植物保护领域的杰出人物。)”以及最后一段第一句“Throughout her career, Goodall has supported animal welfare and environmental conservation, raising people’s awareness of protecting wildlife.(在她的整个职业生涯中，古道尔一直支持动物福利和环境保护，提高人们保护野生动物的意识。)”可知，从最后两段我们可以了解到古道尔致力于野生动物保护。故选A。
4．推理判断题。根据文章第一段第一句“Jane Goodall is a British primatologist known for her pioneering work with chimpanzees (黑猩猩).(珍·古道尔是一位以研究黑猩猩的开创性工作而闻名的英国灵长类动物学家。)”以及文章最后一句“Her devotions make her a role model for many people.(她的奉献精神使她成为许多人的榜样。)”可知，珍·古道尔既具有开创性又充满奉献精神。故选B。
（24-25高一上·山西·期中）College professors these days face an ever - higher bar to draw the attention of their students, forced to compete with the smartphones and laptops in large lecture halls. But when your professor is a social media star, it’s a little bit easier. Tatiana Erukhimova, who teaches physics at Texas A & M University, has managed to get her students, as well as future generations, excited about the science.
Known as “Dr. Tatiana” to her students and online fan base, the professor performs physics tricks with endless energy and enthusiasm. Videos of her theatrical demonstrations have got hundreds of millions of views across social media platforms. In the kid - friendly videos, Erukhimova uses a range of everyday objects in her experiments, from pingpong balls and toilet paper to sweets, bicycle wheels and hair dryers. Her department’s online page has about 2.5 million subscribers.
It’s clear that she knows what it takes to get young people excited about a hard science. But it wasn’t always that way. When she first started teaching college freshman classes almost two decades ago, she struggled to attract the attention of her younger students. Fortunately, by the second semester, she found her footing, tweaking her approach to get her students interested in her classes.
She’s earned more than just recognition on social media. In October, she was honored with a national award for science outreach for leadership in bringing the excitement of physics through innovative education programs, including the well-attended annual TAMU Physics and Engineering Festival and the highly popular physics videos on social media.
As a leader in a STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics) field in which women are underrepresented, she’s become a role model for some. Afiya Dhanani attended TAMU after seeing Erukhimova’s videos online. “Watching Dr. Tatiana do the experiments online, especially since she was a female leader, was more inspiring for me to even go into physics,” Dhanani said.
1．How does Tatiana make her students focus on her classes
A．By connecting abstract concepts with real life.
B．By stopping students bringing phones to class.
C．By adding interesting videos from the Internet.
D．By making herself approachable and easygoing.
2．What does the underlined word “tweaking” in paragraph 3 probably mean
A．Understanding. B．Continuing. C．Recording. D．Changing.
3．What is paragraph 4 mainly about
A．Tatiana’s family life. B．Tatiana’s achievements.
C．Ways to celebrate festivals. D．Education programs in TAMU.
4．What does Dhanani want to tell us in the last paragraph
A．She wanted to become a role model. B．She inspired others to learn physics.
C．Tatiana has a positive impact on her. D．Tatiana has been very strict with her.
【答案】1．A 2．D 3．B 4．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章以Tatiana Erukhimova教授为例，讲述了网红教授更受学生青睐这一现象。
1．细节理解题。根据句第二段“In the kid - friendly videos, Erukhimova uses a range of everyday objects in her experiments, from pingpong balls and toilet paper to sweets, bicycle wheels and hair dryers. (在这些儿童友好的视频中，Erukhimova在她的实验中使用了一系列日常用品，从乒乓球和卫生纸到糖果，自行车轮子和吹风机)”可知，Tatiana通过将抽象概念与日常生活联系起来，使学生专注于她的课程。故选A项。
2．词句猜测题。根据第三段“When she first started teaching college freshman classes almost two decades ago, she struggled to attract the attention of her younger students. Fortunately, by the second semester, she found her footing, tweaking her approach to get her students interested in her classes. ( 约20年前，当她第一次开始教授大学新生课程时，她很难吸引年轻学生的注意力。幸运的是，到了第二学期，她找到了自己的立足点，tweaking了自己的方法，让学生对她的课感兴趣)”可知，为了让学会生对她的课感兴趣，她改变了自己的教学方法。所以划线词的意思是“改变”。故选D项。
3．主旨大意题。根据第四段“She’s earned more than just recognition on social media. In October, she was honored with a national award for science outreach for leadership in bringing the excitement of physics through innovative education programs, including the well-attended annual TAMU Physics and Engineering Festival and the highly popular physics videos on social media. (她赢得的不仅仅是社交媒体上的认可。10月，她被授予国家科学推广奖，以表彰她通过创新的教育项目，包括参加人数众多的TAMU年度物理与工程节，以及在社交媒体上非常受欢迎的物理视频，带来了物理学的兴奋)”可知，第四段主要讲述了Tatiana在科学推广方面的成就，包括获得国家奖项和举办受欢迎的物理节等。故选B项。
4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“As a leader in a STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics) field in which women are underrepresented, she’s become a role model for some. Afiya Dhanani attended TAMU after seeing Erukhimova’s videos online. “Watching Dr. Tatiana do the experiments online, especially since she was a female leader, was more inspiring for me to even go into physics,” Dhanani said. (作为女性代表性不足的STEM（科学、技术、工程和数学）领域的领导者，她已成为一些人的榜样。Afiya Dhanani在网上看到Erukhimova的视频后参加了TAMU。Dhanani说：“看着Tatiana博士在网上做实验，尤其是因为她是一名女性领导者，这更鼓舞了我进入物理学领域)”可知，Tatiana对她Dhanani产生了积极的影响。故选C项。
（24-25高一上·广东广州·期中）“It was written in some sense,” that National Geographic Explorer Cynthia Chiang would end up in observational cosmology — the study of the origin and development of the universe using specialized detectors and telescopes. “I’m not going to lie, my father was a physicist. My mother was an astronomer. But no kid wants to be like their parents,” she jokes, semi-seriously.
Chiang always enjoyed building things. It wasn’t unusual for her to disassemble her father’s research equipment and put them back together like a child engineer. She thanks, in part, her short attention span for her evolving curiosity: “I am always looking for something.”
For the last few years, Chiang has been looking for signs of the universe’s early existence — the birth of the first stars more than 13 billion years ago — and she’s building her own equipment to do it. As a professor of physics at McGill University, she focuses on peering beyond the universe as it is known today, into its distant past, using novel radio technology.
Initially, Chiang planned to do her PhD in particle (粒子的) physics but switched direction after a visit to a lab at the California Institute of Technology. “It was complete chaos. There are specialized equipment and tools everywhere. I didn’t know about observational cosmology at the time but thought ‘Whatever this is, I want to do that.’”
“This was also a leap of faith because I really couldn’t continue the work I was doing before,” Chiang recalls. “I had never done radio before but I thought, ‘Let me give this a try and see how it goes.’”
1．What is the intention of Cynthia Chiang’s joke
A．To illustrate her pursuit.
B．To prove her innocence.
C．To show her parents’ achievements.
D．To reflect her attitude to her parents.
2．Why did Cynthia Chiang decide to pursue observational cosmology
A．She was inspired by a lab.
B．She wanted to pursue her PhD．
C．She wanted to build radio telescopes.
D．She had a lifelong interest in astronomy.
3．Which words can be used to describe Cynthia Chiang
A．Sensible and reliable B．Hardworking and considerate.
C．Adventurous and determined. D．Knowledgeable and talented.
4．What is the best title of this passage
A．The Influence of Family on Career Choices
B．Overcoming Challenges in Scientific Research
C．The Evolution of a Scientist’s Interests
D．Innovations in Radio Technology
【答案】1．A 2．A 3．C 4．C
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了国家地理探索者Cynthia Chiang的背景、兴趣、职业道路以及她在观测宇宙学领域的研究工作。
1．推理判断题。根据文章第一段““It was written in some sense,” that National Geographic Explorer Cynthia Chiang would end up in observational cosmology — the study of the origin and development of the universe using specialized detectors and telescopes. “I’m not going to lie, my father was a physicist. My mother was an astronomer. But no kid wants to be like their parents,” she jokes, semi-seriously.(“从某种意义上说，这是命中注定的，”国家地理探索者Cynthia Chiang最终会投身于观测宇宙学——这是一门利用专业探测器和望远镜研究宇宙起源和发展的学科。“我得说实话，我父亲是物理学家，我母亲是天文学家。但没有一个孩子想成为父母的翻版，”她半开玩笑地说)”以及下文对她职业的介绍可知，作者提到Cynthia Chiang的笑话是为了引出她自己的职业追求。故选A。
2．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Initially, Chiang planned to do her PhD in particle (粒子的) physics but switched direction after a visit to a lab at the California Institute of Technology. “It was complete chaos. There are specialized equipment and tools everywhere. I didn’t know about observational cosmology at the time but thought ‘Whatever this is, I want to do that.’”(起初，Chiang计划攻读粒子物理学博士学位，但在参观了加州理工学院的一个实验室后，她改变了方向。“那里一片混乱。到处都是专业设备和工具。我当时还不了解观测宇宙学，但心想‘不管这是什么，我都想做。’”)”可知，Cynthia Chiang原本计划攻读粒子物理学博士，但在参观了加州理工学院的实验室后，她改变了方向，决定从事她当时并不了解的观测宇宙学。故选A。
3．推理判断题。根据文章第二段的“For the last few years, Chiang has been looking for signs of the universe’s early existence — the birth of the first stars more than 13 billion years ago — and she’s building her own equipment to do it.(在过去的几年里，Chiang一直在寻找宇宙早期存在的迹象——即130多亿年前第一批恒星的诞生——为此，她正在自行研制设备)”以及第四段“Initially, Chiang planned to do her PhD in particle (粒子的) physics but switched direction after a visit to a lab at the California Institute of Technology. “It was complete chaos. There are specialized equipment and tools everywhere. I didn’t know about observational cosmology at the time but thought ‘Whatever this is, I want to do that.’”(起初，Chiang计划攻读粒子物理学博士学位，但在参观了加州理工学院的一个实验室后，她改变了方向。“那里一片混乱。到处都是专业设备和工具。我当时还不了解观测宇宙学，但心想‘不管这是什么，我都想做。’”)”可知，Chiang敢于尝试新的领域并决定从事观测宇宙学的经历可以看出，她是一个有冒险精神和决心的人。故选C。
4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是文章最后一段““This was also a leap of faith because I really couldn’t continue the work I was doing before,” Chiang recalls. “I had never done radio before but I thought, ‘Let me give this a try and see how it goes.’”(“这对我来说也是一次信仰的飞跃，因为我真的无法继续之前的工作，”Chiang 回忆道。“我之前从未接触过无线电，但我心想，‘让我试试看，看看结果如何。’”)”可知，文章主要讲述了Cynthia Chiang从小时候的兴趣到后来的职业选择，以及她在不同阶段的变化和决定。这反映了她兴趣的演变过程。所以“一个科学家兴趣的演变”适合作本文的标题。故选C。
（24-25高一上·江西南昌·期中）Amanda Gorman, a 22-year-old poet, recited (朗诵) her poem The Hill We Climb at the recent Presidential Inauguration (总统就职) Ceremony. Her words and performance were wonderful and were admired across the world. But what is even more wonderful is the story of how Amanda arrived at this moment and the lessons she offers other kids around the world.
Amanda was raised by a single mother, Joan Wicks, in Los Angeles. There was very little television watching in their house. Encouraged by her mother, who was a teacher, Amanda fell in love with reading and writing. She gained confidence in these areas. Her passion for poetry started when she was about 8 years old.
But apart from her interests and talents, she had some obstacles. Amanda has a listening disorder and is very sensitive (敏感) to sound. She also had a speech disorder during childhood. This caused her to participate in speech treatment which helped her to turn her obstacles into gifts and strengths. As she told The Harvard Gazette in 2018, “I always saw it as an advantage because since I was experiencing these obstacles in terms of my listening and speech skills, I became really good at reading and writing.”
Amanda started to dream of becoming president when she was in 6th grade. As Amanda became more confident, she became more driven to transform the world for good. She went on to earn a degree at Harvard University. And then, Amanda became the world’s first Youth Poet’ Laureate (获奖者) in history!
While Amanda looked calm, cool, and collected at the inauguration, she admits she is always nervous, like many of us, about public speaking. To ease this, she developed a spell that she recites to give herself confidence in moments of doubt, “I am the daughter of black writers. We are descendants (后代) of freedom fighters who broke through chains (链条) and changed the world.”
1．What do we know about Amanda Gorman
A．She started writing thanks to the guidance of her teacher.
B．She published her first poem at the age of 8.
C．She won recognition for standout performance in a ceremony.
D．She became the first Youth Poet Laureate at high school.
2．What does the underlined word “obstacles” mean in paragraph 3
A．Discouragements. B．Changes. C．Strengths. D．Disabilities.
3．How did Amanda overcome her nervousness about public speech
A．By seeking support from some black writers.
B．By reciting special sentences to herself.
C．By practicing the speech content repeatedly.
D．By talking to freedom fighters before the speech.
4．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text
A．To share a funny story. B．To educate disabled kids.
C．To record a wonderful moment. D．To encourage more children.
【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．D
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了美国青年诗人Amanda Gorman的成长经历、诗歌才华以及她在总统就职典礼上的表现，展现了她的个人魅力和影响力。
1．细节理解题。根据首段中的“Amanda Gorman, a 22-year-old poet, recited (朗诵) her poem The Hill We Climb at the recent Presidential Inauguration (总统就职) Ceremony. (Amanda Gorman，一位22岁的诗人，在最近的总统就职典礼上朗诵了她的诗歌《The Hill We Climb》。)”可知，Amanda Gorman在总统就职典礼上朗诵了自己的一首诗并赢得了认可，故选C。
2．词句猜测题。根据划线单词后的“Amanda has a listening disorder and is very sensitive(敏感)to sound. She also had a speech disorder during childhood. (Amanda有听力处理障碍，对声音非常敏感。她在童年时期也有语言障碍。)”可知，Amanda有听力处理障碍，童年时也有语言障碍，由此可知，她遇到了一些挫折，所以划线单词的意思与“挫折”意义相近。故选A。
3．细节理解题。根据尾段中的“While Amanda looked calm, cool, and collected at the inauguration, she admits she is always nervous, like many of us, about public speaking. To ease this, she developed a spell that she recites to give herself confidence in moments of doubt, “I am the daughter of black writers. We are descendants (后代) of freedom fighters who broke through chains (链条) and changed the world.” (虽然Amanda在就职典礼上看起来冷静、冷静、镇定，但她承认，和我们很多人一样，她在公开演讲时总是很紧张。为了缓解这一点，她发明了一种咒语，在怀疑的时候背诵它来给自己信心，“我是黑人作家的女儿。我们是突破枷锁改变世界的自由斗士的后代。”)”可知，Amanda为了克服演讲前的紧张通常会在演讲前默背一些句子。故选B。
4．推理判断题。根据首段中的“Her words and performance were wonderful and were admired across the world. But what is even more wonderful is the story of how Amanda arrived at this moment and the lessons she offers other kids around the world. (她的诗歌和表现非常精彩，受到了全世界的赞赏。但更精彩的是Amanda如何走到这一刻的故事，以及她给全世界其他孩子带来的启示。)”以及下文对她的经历的介绍可知，文章主要讲述了Amanda Gorman的成功故事，从她的早年生活开始，从她与残疾的斗争开始，到她最终成为第一位青年桂冠诗人，并在总统就职典礼上背诵她的诗，作者强调了Amanda的经历，以及她为世界各地其他孩子提供的经验，所以这篇文章的目的是用Amanda的故事激励和鼓励其他孩子克服挑战，实现梦想。故选D。
（24-25高一上·云南昆明·开学考试）Who is the greatest teacher in Chinese history Many people would think of Confucius (孔子), whose birthday was September 28. Although he lived over 2,000 years old, people still remember and respect him for his contributions to the education today.
Confucius lived in the Kingdom of Lu, which lies in Shandong Province. He lived during the Spring and Autumn Period. He had a hard childhood. His father died when he was only 3. His mother brought him up. As a child, he had to work to help his mother, but young Confucius didn’t give up studying. He visited many famous teachers and learned music, history, poetry and sports.
Later, he became a teacher and started the first public school in Chinese history. At that time only children from noble families could go to school, but the Confucius believed everyone should go to school if they wanted to learn. He had about 3,000 students in his lifetime.
Today, people still follow Confucius’s lessons. He told us that we all have something worthy to be learned. “When I am with three people, one of them must be better than me in some areas. I choose their good qualities and follow them.”
He also told us that thinking is very important in study. “All study but no thinking makes people puzzled (困惑的). All thinking but no study makes people lazy.”
Confucius is not only a great teacher, but also a famous thinker with wise thoughts about the world and society. His most important teachings about kindness and good manners. “A person should be strict with himself, but be kind to others,” He said.
1．Today we still remember Confucius mainly because _________.
A．He had wise thoughts and great views about education
B．He lived a poor life in his childhood
C．He traveled with his students from state to state
D．He lived during the Spring and Autumn Period
2．Confucius learned music, history, poetry and sports _________ as a child.
A．by teaching himself at home B．with the help of his mother
C．by going to school D．by visiting any famous teachers
3．The correct order of the following statement is __________.
①Confucius worked to help his mother as a child
②Confucius educated about 3000 students in the lifetime
③Confucius’s father died
④Confucius started the first public school in Chinese history
A．③①④② B．②③④① C．①③②④ D．④③①②
4．Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage
A．All study but no thinkingt makes people puzzled.
B．No one has something worthy to be learned.
C．All hinking but no study makes people lazy.
D．A person should be strict with himself but be kind to others.
【答案】1．A 2．D 3．A 4．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国古代伟大的教育家——孔子。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Although he lived over 2,000 years ago, people still remember and respect him for his contribution to the education today.(虽然他生活在2000多年前，但今天人们仍然记得并尊敬他对教育的贡献。)”可知，今天我们仍然记得孔子，主要是因为他为教育做出了巨大贡献，对教育提供了明智的想法和伟大的见解。故选A项。
2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“He visited many famous teachers and learned music, history, poetry and sports.(他拜访了许多著名的老师，学习音乐、历史、诗歌和体育。)”可知，孔子小时候通过访问许多著名的老师来学习音乐、历史、诗歌和体育。故选D项。
3．细节理解题。根据第二段中“His father died when he was only 3. His mother brought him up. As a child, he had to work to help his mother, but young Confucius didn’t give up studying.(他父亲在他3岁时就去世了。他母亲把他抚养成人。作为一个孩子，他不得不工作来帮助他的母亲，但年轻的孔子没有放弃学习。)”、第三段中“Later, he became a teacher and started the first public school in Chinese history.(后来，他成为一名老师，创办了中国历史上第一所公立学校。)”和“He had about 3,000 students in his lifetime.(他一生中有大约3000名学生。)”可知，事情发生顺序是：③孔子的父亲去世了→①孔子小时候就努力帮助他的母亲→④孔子创办了中国历史上第一所公学→②孔子一生培养了大约3000名学生。故选A项。
4．细节理解题。根据第四段中“He told us that we all have something worthy to be learned.(他告诉我们，我们都有值得学习的东西。)”可知，孔子认为每个人都有值得学习的东西，所以B选项“没有人有值得学习的东西”是错误表述，不是文章提及的内容。故选B项。
重难语篇拔高练
（23-24高二下·四川眉山·期末）At Manzo Elementary School in Tucson, Arizona, raising fish at school was one small answer to a big problem: many people in the neighborhood did not have enough food to eat.
The students could eat breakfast and lunch at school, but their families didn’t always have enough money to provide dinner. Buying fresh foods, such as vegetables and meat, was difficult. Then the teachers had an idea: could the students raise food at school for the neighborhood
The project wouldn’t be easy to carry out. Tucson is in a desert, so water is a precious resource. Soil in the desert doesn’t always have the nutrients plants need to grow, so the students would need to add a natural fertilizer (肥料).
Counselor (顾问) Moses Thompson read about aquaponics, a way of growing fish and plants together for food. Hundreds of years ago, the Aztecs built “floating farms” called chinampas on the lakes outside what is now Mexico City. Inspired by that, Moses helped the school set up a system in which fish waste fertilizes plants, and the plants’ roots clean the water in the fish tank.
Fish aren’t the only animals that help students feed their neighbors. Chickens lay eggs. Visiting pollinators help turn flowers into beans, tomatoes and so on. “Bees and butterflies come,” says Santiago, aged 10.
When the students have raised enough food, it’s time for Market Day. Vegetables are available for donation to people in the neighborhood. Students sell eggs and tilapia (罗非鱼) to raise money for seeds, fish food and chicken food.
“People don’t have a lot of money, so it’s a nice dream we have to give them food,” says Emmanuel, aged 11. “It’s an opportunity to be healthy and eat better.”
“We can plant good food and have fun while we’re doing something important,” says Blanka, aged 10. “I’m so happy to be at this school.”
1．What is the purpose of the project
A．To promote harmony between family and school.
B．To provide part-time jobs for the students.
C．To increase income of the school teachers.
D．To feed poor people in the local neighborhood.
2．What can we know about the system of aquaponics
A．It needs an added natural fertilizer to function.
B．It suits a desert environment like Tucson best.
C．It belongs to a sustainable farming method.
D．It has long been used in the United States.
3．What does the underlined word “pollinators” in Paragraph 5 probably refer to
A．Some fishes. B．Some experts.
C．Some technologies. D．Some insects.
4．What can we learn about the project from the last three paragraphs
A．It receives a warm welcome. B．It helps earn much money.
C．It needs to be more creative. D．It takes ages to see the results.
【答案】1．D 2．C 3．D 4．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述的是位于亚利桑那州图森市的曼佐小学为了帮助附近社区居民解决食物短缺问题，开展了一个学校内养鱼和种植食物的项目。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“The students could eat breakfast and lunch at school, but their families didn’t always have enough money to provide dinner. Buying fresh foods, such as vegetables and meat, was difficult. Then the teachers had an idea: could the students raise food at school for the neighborhood (学生们可以在学校吃早餐和午餐，但他们的家庭并不总是有足够的钱提供晚餐。购买新鲜食品，如蔬菜和肉类，是很困难的。然后老师们有了一个想法：学生们可以在学校里为邻居们筹集食物吗 )”可知，许多邻居没有足够的钱购买晚餐食物，因此这个项目的目的是为当地社区的穷人提供食物。因此，D选项“To feed poor people in the local neighborhood.(为当地社区的穷人提供食物)”为正确答案。故选D。
2．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Counselor (顾问) Moses Thompson read about aquaponics, a way of growing fish and plants together for food.(顾问摩西·汤普森读到了鱼菜共生法(aquaponics)，这是一种将鱼和植物一起养植以获取食物的方法。)”以及本段中“Inspired by that, Moses helped the school set up a system in which fish waste fertilizes plants, and the plants’ roots clean the water in the fish tank.(受此启发，摩西帮助学校建立了一个系统，鱼的排泄物给植物施肥，植物的根清洁鱼缸里的水。)”可知，该系统以鱼废料为植物施肥，植物根部清洁鱼池中的水，形成了一个可持续的循环系统”，因此可以推断出该系统是一种可持续的农业方法。故选C。
3．词句猜测题。根据划线词后面的内容“…help turn flowers into beans, tomatoes and so on. “Bees and butterflies come,” says Santiago, aged 10.(……帮助把花变成豆子、西红柿等。“蜜蜂和蝴蝶来了，”10岁的圣地亚哥说。)”可知，蜜蜂和蝴蝶是昆虫，一些昆虫帮助通过授粉，帮助把花变成豆子、西红柿等，所以可以推断出划线词“pollinators”指的是“Some insects(昆虫)”，与D选项为同义词。故选D。
4．推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“When the students have raised enough food, it’s time for Market Day. Vegetables are available for donation to people in the neighborhood. Students sell eggs and tilapia (罗非鱼) to raise money for seeds, fish food and chicken food.(当学生们筹集到足够的食物时，就到了赶集日了。蔬菜可以捐赠给附近的人。学生们出售鸡蛋和罗非鱼来筹集资金购买种子、鱼食和鸡肉食品。)”以及倒数第二段““People don’t have a lot of money, so it’s a nice dream we have to give them food,” says Emmanuel, aged 11. “It’s an opportunity to be healthy and eat better.”(11岁的伊曼纽尔说：“人们没有很多钱，所以我们必须给他们食物，这是一个美好的梦想。”“这是一个保持健康、吃得更好的机会。”)”以及倒数第一段““We can plant good food and have fun while we’re doing something important,” says Blanka, aged 10. “I’m so happy to be at this school.”(10岁的布兰卡说：“我们可以在做重要事情的同时种植好食物，享受乐趣。”“我很高兴来到这所学校。”)”可知，因为该项目为当地的居民们提供了食物，并帮助他们吃得更好，同时也让学生们分享了乐趣，由此推断该项目受到了热烈的欢迎。故选A。
（23-24高二下·湖南·期中）Cycling for charity is a good way to raise money for worthy causes. There are several approaches to getting started.
Popular international social websites have cycling-for- charity pages where it is possible to find upcoming events and sponsors (赞助商). Many international organizations can also be located online that organize regular cycling for charity events. An example of this is Best Buddies International, founded in 1989 and existing in all 50 US states and in 50 countries around the world. Best Buddies International sponsors cycling events to raise money for people with developmental disabilities.
Research organizations mainly dedicated to curing diseases and groups like the National Multiple Sclerosis Society in the US, with similar MS associations in Canada and Australia, arrange cycling for-charity events on a frequent basis. Other common diseases and medical conditions, such as heart disease, Parkinson’s, and cancer, also have national and international organizations that regularly arrange cycling for-charity events. Social movement nonprofits also are involved in cycling for charity, based around such issues as poverty and regional disasters, like earthquakes and hurricanes, which inspire cycling fundraisers around the globe.
Local community groups are another avenue towards forming a cycling group and sponsoring charity rides and charity races. Bicycle clubs and retailers (零售商) are often connected to community outreach groups that arrange such events, and are a good source of information on how to get involved in one. Some of these groups go beyond traditional street cycling and sponsor cross country trail courses. Indoor cycling-for- charity events have also become popular in areas where the weather and season or urban environment may not lend itself to outdoor cycling activities.
Arranging your own cycling-for-charity event is also a possibility. Finding ways to publicize the event and gain sponsors can be done through various local or regional cycling clubs, through employers, local churches, and other groups interested in promoting charitable activities.
1．Which of the following organizes cycling for the disabled
A．A bicycle club. B．A local community group.
C．Best Buddies International. D．National Multiple Sclerosis Society.
2．What is the main function of the research organizations
A．To study how to treat diseases. B．To spread how to face diseases.
C．To publicize the benefits of cycling. D．To inspire the fundraisers globally.
3．Why do some areas choose indoor cycling for charity
A．For the public’s preference. B．To provide cycling courses.
C．To attract more participants. D．For unfavorable conditions.
4．What is the best title for the passage
A．How can I start cycling for charity B．How can I avoid hurt during cycling
C．Why must I advocate charity events D．What should I do for a proper cycling
【答案】1．C 2．A 3．D 4．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。作者详细介绍了慈善骑行的概念、意义以及如何通过多种途径参与和发起慈善骑行活动，目的是让读者了解慈善骑行并为慈善事业贡献力量。
1． 细节理解题。根据第二段的“Popular international social websites have cycling-for- charity pages where it is possible to find upcoming events and sponsors (赞助商). Many international organizations can also be located online that organize regular cycling for charity events. An example of this is Best Buddies International, founded in 1989 and existing in all 50 US states and in 50 countries around the world. Best Buddies International sponsors cycling events to raise money for people with developmental disabilities.(流行的国际社交网站都有“为慈善而骑行”的页面，在那里你可以找到即将到来的活动和赞助商。许多国际组织也可以在网上找到组织定期骑自行车的慈善活动。其中一个例子就是Best Buddies International，成立于1989年，在美国50个州和全球50个国家都有业务。Best Buddies International赞助自行车赛事，为患有发育性残疾的人筹集资金)”可知，Best Buddies International赞助的自行车活动，是为有发育障碍的残疾人筹集资金。故选C项。
2．细节理解题。根据第三段“Research organizations mainly dedicated to curing diseases and groups like the National Multiple Sclerosis Society in the US, with similar MS associations in Canada and Australia, arrange cycling for-charity events on a frequent basis.(主要致力于治疗疾病的研究机构和团体，如美国的国家多发性硬化症协会，以及加拿大和澳大利亚的类似多发性硬化症协会，经常安排自行车慈善活动)”可知，研究机构主要是致力于疾病治疗的研究。故选A项。
3．推理判断题。根据第四段“Indoor cycling-for- charity events have also become popular in areas where the weather and season or urban environment may not lend itself to outdoor cycling activities.(在天气、季节或城市环境不适合户外自行车活动的地区，室内自行车慈善活动也很受欢迎)”可知，在天气、季节或城市环境可能不适合户外自行车活动的地区，室内慈善自行车活动也变得很流行。由此推知，不利的条件(unfavorable conditions)是导致室内自行车流行的原因。故选D项。
4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Cycling for charity is a good way to raise money for worthy causes. There are several approaches to getting started.(为慈善事业骑自行车是为有价值的事业筹集资金的好方法。有几种方法可以帮助你开始)”以及纵观全文可知，本文主要介绍四种通过骑自行车的方法来筹集资金，所以A项“How can I start cycling for charity (我怎样才能开始为慈善骑自行车)”是本文最好的标题。故选A项。Unit 2 Morals and virtues
单元话题阅读理解练习
基础语篇巩固练
（24-25高一上·江苏连云港·期末）Lieutenant Colonel (中校) Song Lingdong will soon become one of the first astronauts from the post-1990s generation in China to start a space journey.
Born in August 1990 to a farmer’s family in Caoxian county, Shandong province, Song joined the PLA Air Force in September 2008 and was sent to learn flying. In the first months at the flight school, the young man had bad scores in his physical tests. He also had a tough time in his first flights due to airsickness.
Knowing clearly about his weaknesses, Song decided to depend on willpower and sweat to make up for them. He soon became the one student in his class who always appeared on the exercise field and often asked the trainers to double the amount of his training. Thanks to his hard work, he received the top score in his solo (个人) flight exam. After graduation, Song became a pilot.
In the spring of 2018, Song was told about the PLA Astronaut Department beginning to pick new members. Soon he decided to apply. He said the desire to fly above the atmosphere (大气层) was inspired by a TV news report he saw about China’s first spaceflight, when he was 13 years old.
In September 2020, he was selected as one of the third group of astronauts. He soon realized that a successful astronaut really needs calmness and team spirit. He learned to slow down and even started going fishing to improve his patience. In the eyes of the leader Cai Xuzhe and teammate Wang Haoze, Song is now fully able to complete a spaceflight and can be depended upon.
1．What can we learn about Song Lingdong from Paragraphs 2 &3
A．He became a pilot without difficulty. B．He did very well in his physical tests.
C．He managed to make up for his weaknesses. D．He received the highest score in every exam.
2．What inspired Song Lingdong to be an astronaut
A．A TV news report. B．A childhood dream.
C．His hard work in training. D．His curiosity about space.
3．Which of the following best describes Song Lingdong
A．Shallow. B．Talented. C．Frank. D．Hardworking.
4．What can we learn from Song Lingdong’s story
A．It is never too old to learn. B．Actions speak louder than words.
C．A friend in need is a friend indeed. D．Where there is a will, there is a way.
（24-25高一上·山西运城·期末）Volunteering is a good way for teenagers to make a difference and meet new people. Here are a few volunteer opportunities that you could encourage your teen to take up.
Help a local food bank
Food banks always welcome donations and new volunteers. They provide perfect volunteering opportunities for those who are interested in helping the homeless. Your teen would be involved in anything, from preparing meals to working behind the scenes to repack donated food items, serving food, and carrying boxes.
Help at a soup kitchen
A soup kitchen is one of the places where the hungry can get free or affordable meals (usually soup and bread). Most soup kitchens run mainly on donations and the generosity of people. As a soup kitchen volunteer, your child may be made to clean the tables and plates, help distribute food, cook food, and more.
Volunteer for Meals on Wheels
By volunteering for Meals on Wheels, your teen will deliver nutritious meals to the elderly or the disabled. It’s perfect for teens who have just received their driving license and love any reason to get behind the wheel! They can make a huge impact in a short amount of time. Similarly, your teen can also volunteer in their kitchen and prepare meals for delivery. With a simple gesture, your teen can bring millions of smiles to people’s lives.
Work with Habitat for Humanity
Habitat for Humanity’s mission is to build or improve a place that someone could call home. Besides helping the community, your teen will learn valuable skills such as repairing, fundraising, painting, and building. You can sign them up for long-term projects or a one-time program.
1．What do a local food bank and a soup kitchen have in common
A．Their sources of food. B．Free meals for volunteers.
C．The price of the food. D．Approachable locations.
2．Who would be the most suitable for Meals on Wheels
A．Lucy, who prefers cooking. B．Linda, who likes drawing.
C．Jack, who is fond of driving. D．Peter, who is good at playing football.
3．Which would you choose if you want to learn some skills
A．A local food bank. B．A soup kitchen.
C．Meals on Wheels. D．Habitat for Humanity.
（24-25高一上·安徽亳州·期末）MUIR BEACH CLEAN-UP
Help protect Muir Beach by joining us at a monthly beach clean-up! Volunteers will enjoy beautiful ocean views while they remove litter and debris (碎片), protect native habitats, and help reduce ocean debris. This is a fun family-friendly volunteer opportunity, volunteers of all ages are welcome.
When: Second Thursday of the month, 9:30 am — 12:30 pm.
Where: Muir Beach parking lot. Registration is required.
Supplies: We invite volunteers to bring their own reusable supplies! Limit waste by bringing your own bag and gloves (手套) if you have them — but don’t worry if you don’t, we’ll have some supplies on site for you to use.
Age, Skills, What to Bring
· Volunteers ages 10 and up are welcome. Read our Youth Policy Guidelines (PDF) for youth under the age of 15.
· Bring your completed Volunteer Agreement Form (PDF). Volunteers under the age of 18 must have the parent/ guardian approval section signed.
· We’ll be working rain or shine. Wear clothes that can get dirty. Long pants (裤) are required.
· Bring raincoat if necessary.
· Bring a personal water bottle and sunscreen.
· No experience necessary. Training and tools will be provided.
The Golden Gate National Parks Volunteer Program is a cooperative parkwide effort of the Golden Gate National Parks Conservancy, the National Park Service, and the Presidio Trust.
1．What is the aim of the event
A．To promote tourism at Muir Beach.
B．To clean up and conserve Muir Beach.
C．To organize a family picnic at the beach.
D．To train volunteers for environmental projects.
2．What do we know about tools
A．Volunteers must bring their own tools.
B．Tools are not necessary for volunteering.
C．Only single-use tools are available on site.
D．Volunteers are encouraged to bring reusable ones.
3．What are the volunteers expected to do
A．Get experience before coming.
B．Wear thick clothes to keep warm.
C．Sign the Volunteer Agreement Form.
D．Make up the Youth Policy Guidelines.
（24-25高一上·山东德州·期末）Jane Goodall is a British primatologist known for her pioneering work with chimpanzees (黑猩猩). Born in 1934, she developed a passion for animals early in life, which led her to study chimpanzees. Initially as a stranger in the field of chimpanzees, Goodall’s breakthrough came when she befriended David Greybeard, an adult chimpanzee. She found David picked a small leafy branch, removed the leaves from the branch, used the stick to get ants out of their tunneled home, which challenged the belief that only humans could use tools.
Goodall’s discovery was recognized by Leakey, one of the world’s leading anthropologists at the time, who found in Goodall a passion for knowledge, a love for animals and huge patience— the things that are still with her today. Most importantly, he wanted a person with a mind that was not controlled by existing theories. Although Goodall didn’t attend university, she met this requirement. Goodall’s observations were revolutionary, leading Leakey to suggest redefining what it means to be human.
Despite facing doubts, especially as a young woman in a male-dominated field, she became an outstanding figure in wildlife conservation. In 1977, she founded the Jane Goodall Institute, which supported research and community-centered conservation programs, enabling young people to take part in environmental protection.
Throughout her career, Goodall has supported animal welfare and environmental conservation, raising people’s awareness of protection wildlife. She has also focused on establishing programs to support young African girls’ education and health. Goodall’ s work has had a lasting impact on both science and protection, inspiring generations to appreciate and protect the natural world. Even at 90, she continues to travel broadly, sharing her message of hope and the importance of living in harmony with nature. Her devotions make her a role model for many people.
1．What significant discovery did Goodall make about chimpanzees
A．They behaved oddly.
B．They used tools like humans.
C．They loved living in groups.
D．They moved through branches.
2．What impressed Leaky most about Goodall
A．Her previous experience.
B．Her academic background.
C．Her passion for knowledge.
D．Her independent thinking.
3．What can we know from the last two paragraphs
A．Goodall was devoted to wildlife protection.
B．Goodall was criticized by research communities.
C．Goodall encouraged travelling around the world.
D．Goodall supported the equality of men and women.
4．Which of the following best describes Jane Goodall
A．Sociable and humorous.
B．Pioneering and devoted.
C．Honest and responsible.
D．Fashionable and appreciative.
（24-25高一上·山西·期中）College professors these days face an ever - higher bar to draw the attention of their students, forced to compete with the smartphones and laptops in large lecture halls. But when your professor is a social media star, it’s a little bit easier. Tatiana Erukhimova, who teaches physics at Texas A & M University, has managed to get her students, as well as future generations, excited about the science.
Known as “Dr. Tatiana” to her students and online fan base, the professor performs physics tricks with endless energy and enthusiasm. Videos of her theatrical demonstrations have got hundreds of millions of views across social media platforms. In the kid - friendly videos, Erukhimova uses a range of everyday objects in her experiments, from pingpong balls and toilet paper to sweets, bicycle wheels and hair dryers. Her department’s online page has about 2.5 million subscribers.
It’s clear that she knows what it takes to get young people excited about a hard science. But it wasn’t always that way. When she first started teaching college freshman classes almost two decades ago, she struggled to attract the attention of her younger students. Fortunately, by the second semester, she found her footing, tweaking her approach to get her students interested in her classes.
She’s earned more than just recognition on social media. In October, she was honored with a national award for science outreach for leadership in bringing the excitement of physics through innovative education programs, including the well-attended annual TAMU Physics and Engineering Festival and the highly popular physics videos on social media.
As a leader in a STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics) field in which women are underrepresented, she’s become a role model for some. Afiya Dhanani attended TAMU after seeing Erukhimova’s videos online. “Watching Dr. Tatiana do the experiments online, especially since she was a female leader, was more inspiring for me to even go into physics,” Dhanani said.
1．How does Tatiana make her students focus on her classes
A．By connecting abstract concepts with real life.
B．By stopping students bringing phones to class.
C．By adding interesting videos from the Internet.
D．By making herself approachable and easygoing.
2．What does the underlined word “tweaking” in paragraph 3 probably mean
A．Understanding. B．Continuing. C．Recording. D．Changing.
3．What is paragraph 4 mainly about
A．Tatiana’s family life. B．Tatiana’s achievements.
C．Ways to celebrate festivals. D．Education programs in TAMU.
4．What does Dhanani want to tell us in the last paragraph
A．She wanted to become a role model. B．She inspired others to learn physics.
C．Tatiana has a positive impact on her. D．Tatiana has been very strict with her.
（24-25高一上·广东广州·期中）“It was written in some sense,” that National Geographic Explorer Cynthia Chiang would end up in observational cosmology — the study of the origin and development of the universe using specialized detectors and telescopes. “I’m not going to lie, my father was a physicist. My mother was an astronomer. But no kid wants to be like their parents,” she jokes, semi-seriously.
Chiang always enjoyed building things. It wasn’t unusual for her to disassemble her father’s research equipment and put them back together like a child engineer. She thanks, in part, her short attention span for her evolving curiosity: “I am always looking for something.”
For the last few years, Chiang has been looking for signs of the universe’s early existence — the birth of the first stars more than 13 billion years ago — and she’s building her own equipment to do it. As a professor of physics at McGill University, she focuses on peering beyond the universe as it is known today, into its distant past, using novel radio technology.
Initially, Chiang planned to do her PhD in particle (粒子的) physics but switched direction after a visit to a lab at the California Institute of Technology. “It was complete chaos. There are specialized equipment and tools everywhere. I didn’t know about observational cosmology at the time but thought ‘Whatever this is, I want to do that.’”
“This was also a leap of faith because I really couldn’t continue the work I was doing before,” Chiang recalls. “I had never done radio before but I thought, ‘Let me give this a try and see how it goes.’”
1．What is the intention of Cynthia Chiang’s joke
A．To illustrate her pursuit.
B．To prove her innocence.
C．To show her parents’ achievements.
D．To reflect her attitude to her parents.
2．Why did Cynthia Chiang decide to pursue observational cosmology
A．She was inspired by a lab.
B．She wanted to pursue her PhD．
C．She wanted to build radio telescopes.
D．She had a lifelong interest in astronomy.
3．Which words can be used to describe Cynthia Chiang
A．Sensible and reliable B．Hardworking and considerate.
C．Adventurous and determined. D．Knowledgeable and talented.
4．What is the best title of this passage
A．The Influence of Family on Career Choices
B．Overcoming Challenges in Scientific Research
C．The Evolution of a Scientist’s Interests
D．Innovations in Radio Technology
（24-25高一上·江西南昌·期中）Amanda Gorman, a 22-year-old poet, recited (朗诵) her poem The Hill We Climb at the recent Presidential Inauguration (总统就职) Ceremony. Her words and performance were wonderful and were admired across the world. But what is even more wonderful is the story of how Amanda arrived at this moment and the lessons she offers other kids around the world.
Amanda was raised by a single mother, Joan Wicks, in Los Angeles. There was very little television watching in their house. Encouraged by her mother, who was a teacher, Amanda fell in love with reading and writing. She gained confidence in these areas. Her passion for poetry started when she was about 8 years old.
But apart from her interests and talents, she had some obstacles. Amanda has a listening disorder and is very sensitive (敏感) to sound. She also had a speech disorder during childhood. This caused her to participate in speech treatment which helped her to turn her obstacles into gifts and strengths. As she told The Harvard Gazette in 2018, “I always saw it as an advantage because since I was experiencing these obstacles in terms of my listening and speech skills, I became really good at reading and writing.”
Amanda started to dream of becoming president when she was in 6th grade. As Amanda became more confident, she became more driven to transform the world for good. She went on to earn a degree at Harvard University. And then, Amanda became the world’s first Youth Poet’ Laureate (获奖者) in history!
While Amanda looked calm, cool, and collected at the inauguration, she admits she is always nervous, like many of us, about public speaking. To ease this, she developed a spell that she recites to give herself confidence in moments of doubt, “I am the daughter of black writers. We are descendants (后代) of freedom fighters who broke through chains (链条) and changed the world.”
1．What do we know about Amanda Gorman
A．She started writing thanks to the guidance of her teacher.
B．She published her first poem at the age of 8.
C．She won recognition for standout performance in a ceremony.
D．She became the first Youth Poet Laureate at high school.
2．What does the underlined word “obstacles” mean in paragraph 3
A．Discouragements. B．Changes. C．Strengths. D．Disabilities.
3．How did Amanda overcome her nervousness about public speech
A．By seeking support from some black writers.
B．By reciting special sentences to herself.
C．By practicing the speech content repeatedly.
D．By talking to freedom fighters before the speech.
4．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text
A．To share a funny story. B．To educate disabled kids.
C．To record a wonderful moment. D．To encourage more children.
（24-25高一上·云南昆明·开学考试）Who is the greatest teacher in Chinese history Many people would think of Confucius (孔子), whose birthday was September 28. Although he lived over 2,000 years old, people still remember and respect him for his contributions to the education today.
Confucius lived in the Kingdom of Lu, which lies in Shandong Province. He lived during the Spring and Autumn Period. He had a hard childhood. His father died when he was only 3. His mother brought him up. As a child, he had to work to help his mother, but young Confucius didn’t give up studying. He visited many famous teachers and learned music, history, poetry and sports.
Later, he became a teacher and started the first public school in Chinese history. At that time only children from noble families could go to school, but the Confucius believed everyone should go to school if they wanted to learn. He had about 3,000 students in his lifetime.
Today, people still follow Confucius’s lessons. He told us that we all have something worthy to be learned. “When I am with three people, one of them must be better than me in some areas. I choose their good qualities and follow them.”
He also told us that thinking is very important in study. “All study but no thinking makes people puzzled (困惑的). All thinking but no study makes people lazy.”
Confucius is not only a great teacher, but also a famous thinker with wise thoughts about the world and society. His most important teachings about kindness and good manners. “A person should be strict with himself, but be kind to others,” He said.
1．Today we still remember Confucius mainly because _________.
A．He had wise thoughts and great views about education
B．He lived a poor life in his childhood
C．He traveled with his students from state to state
D．He lived during the Spring and Autumn Period
2．Confucius learned music, history, poetry and sports _________ as a child.
A．by teaching himself at home B．with the help of his mother
C．by going to school D．by visiting any famous teachers
3．The correct order of the following statement is __________.
①Confucius worked to help his mother as a child
②Confucius educated about 3000 students in the lifetime
③Confucius’s father died
④Confucius started the first public school in Chinese history
A．③①④② B．②③④① C．①③②④ D．④③①②
4．Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage
A．All study but no thinkingt makes people puzzled.
B．No one has something worthy to be learned.
C．All hinking but no study makes people lazy.
D．A person should be strict with himself but be kind to others.
重难语篇拔高练
（23-24高二下·四川眉山·期末）At Manzo Elementary School in Tucson, Arizona, raising fish at school was one small answer to a big problem: many people in the neighborhood did not have enough food to eat.
The students could eat breakfast and lunch at school, but their families didn’t always have enough money to provide dinner. Buying fresh foods, such as vegetables and meat, was difficult. Then the teachers had an idea: could the students raise food at school for the neighborhood
The project wouldn’t be easy to carry out. Tucson is in a desert, so water is a precious resource. Soil in the desert doesn’t always have the nutrients plants need to grow, so the students would need to add a natural fertilizer (肥料).
Counselor (顾问) Moses Thompson read about aquaponics, a way of growing fish and plants together for food. Hundreds of years ago, the Aztecs built “floating farms” called chinampas on the lakes outside what is now Mexico City. Inspired by that, Moses helped the school set up a system in which fish waste fertilizes plants, and the plants’ roots clean the water in the fish tank.
Fish aren’t the only animals that help students feed their neighbors. Chickens lay eggs. Visiting pollinators help turn flowers into beans, tomatoes and so on. “Bees and butterflies come,” says Santiago, aged 10.
When the students have raised enough food, it’s time for Market Day. Vegetables are available for donation to people in the neighborhood. Students sell eggs and tilapia (罗非鱼) to raise money for seeds, fish food and chicken food.
“People don’t have a lot of money, so it’s a nice dream we have to give them food,” says Emmanuel, aged 11. “It’s an opportunity to be healthy and eat better.”
“We can plant good food and have fun while we’re doing something important,” says Blanka, aged 10. “I’m so happy to be at this school.”
1．What is the purpose of the project
A．To promote harmony between family and school.
B．To provide part-time jobs for the students.
C．To increase income of the school teachers.
D．To feed poor people in the local neighborhood.
2．What can we know about the system of aquaponics
A．It needs an added natural fertilizer to function.
B．It suits a desert environment like Tucson best.
C．It belongs to a sustainable farming method.
D．It has long been used in the United States.
3．What does the underlined word “pollinators” in Paragraph 5 probably refer to
A．Some fishes. B．Some experts.
C．Some technologies. D．Some insects.
4．What can we learn about the project from the last three paragraphs
A．It receives a warm welcome. B．It helps earn much money.
C．It needs to be more creative. D．It takes ages to see the results.
（23-24高二下·湖南·期中）Cycling for charity is a good way to raise money for worthy causes. There are several approaches to getting started.
Popular international social websites have cycling-for- charity pages where it is possible to find upcoming events and sponsors (赞助商). Many international organizations can also be located online that organize regular cycling for charity events. An example of this is Best Buddies International, founded in 1989 and existing in all 50 US states and in 50 countries around the world. Best Buddies International sponsors cycling events to raise money for people with developmental disabilities.
Research organizations mainly dedicated to curing diseases and groups like the National Multiple Sclerosis Society in the US, with similar MS associations in Canada and Australia, arrange cycling for-charity events on a frequent basis. Other common diseases and medical conditions, such as heart disease, Parkinson’s, and cancer, also have national and international organizations that regularly arrange cycling for-charity events. Social movement nonprofits also are involved in cycling for charity, based around such issues as poverty and regional disasters, like earthquakes and hurricanes, which inspire cycling fundraisers around the globe.
Local community groups are another avenue towards forming a cycling group and sponsoring charity rides and charity races. Bicycle clubs and retailers (零售商) are often connected to community outreach groups that arrange such events, and are a good source of information on how to get involved in one. Some of these groups go beyond traditional street cycling and sponsor cross country trail courses. Indoor cycling-for- charity events have also become popular in areas where the weather and season or urban environment may not lend itself to outdoor cycling activities.
Arranging your own cycling-for-charity event is also a possibility. Finding ways to publicize the event and gain sponsors can be done through various local or regional cycling clubs, through employers, local churches, and other groups interested in promoting charitable activities.
1．Which of the following organizes cycling for the disabled
A．A bicycle club. B．A local community group.
C．Best Buddies International. D．National Multiple Sclerosis Society.
2．What is the main function of the research organizations
A．To study how to treat diseases. B．To spread how to face diseases.
C．To publicize the benefits of cycling. D．To inspire the fundraisers globally.
3．Why do some areas choose indoor cycling for charity
A．For the public’s preference. B．To provide cycling courses.
C．To attract more participants. D．For unfavorable conditions.
4．What is the best title for the passage
A．How can I start cycling for charity B．How can I avoid hurt during cycling
C．Why must I advocate charity events D．What should I do for a proper cycling
