语法填空 人教版选择性必修三 题型特训
Unit 4 Adversity and Courage
学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________
一、 初阶练手 Passage 1 - 5
二、 进阶练习 Passage 6 -10
三、 高阶提升 Passage 11-15
一、 初阶练手
Passage 1
（2024高二下·全国·专题练习）语法填空
The most challenging work takes place 1 we need to perform tasks outside the space station, such as 2 (test) new equipment, monitoring scientific experiments or repairing the space station. In the 3 (circumstance), it’s time for a spacewalk. First, we put on our spacesuits, 4 allow us to breathe in space and protect us from 5 (expose) to the cold and radiation. Then we head out, and sometimes perform tasks for hours at 6 time, with the beautiful Earth visible below. Splendid 7 the view of the Earth is, spacewalking is not as exciting as you might think. It’s 8 (probable) the most dangerous work, with potential risks such as electric 9 (shock). That’s why every spacewalk is carefully 10 (plan).
【答案】
1. when 2. testing 3. circumstances 4. which 5. exposure/being exposed 6. a 7. as/though 8. probably 9. shocks 10. planned
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了太空行走的挑战性和准备工作。
1. 考查状语从句。句意：最具挑战性的工作发生在我们需要在空间站外执行任务的时候，比如测试新设备、监控科学实验或修理空间站。设空处引导时间状语从句，此处表示“当……时候”用when。故填when。
2. 考查非谓语动词。句意：同上。设空处使用动名词与后文的monitoring以及repairing构成并列作宾语。故填testing。
3. 考查名词。句意：在这些情况下，是时候进行太空行走了。表示“在这种情况下”使用固定短语in the circumstances，使用名词作宾语。故填circumstances
4. 考查定语从句。句意：首先，我们穿上宇航服，它可以让我们在太空中呼吸，保护我们免受寒冷和辐射。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，引导词在从句中作主语，修饰先行词spacesuits为物。故填which。
5. 考查非谓语动词和名词。句意：同上。设空处使用expose的名词exposure作宾语，或者使用动名词作宾语，此处us与expose之间是被动关系，故使用动名词的被动结构即being exposed。故填exposure或者being exposed。
6. 考查冠词。句意：然后我们出发，有时会连续执行数小时的任务，而美丽的地球就在我们的脚下。句中表示“一次”用固定短语at a time。故填a。
7. 考查状语从句。句意：虽然地球的景色很壮观，但太空行走并不像你想象的那么令人兴奋。设空处引导让步状语从句，此处构成倒装句结构，将表语提前；根据句意，表示“尽管”用as或者though，故填as或者though。
8. 考查副词。句意：这可能是最危险的工作，有触电等潜在风险。设空处使用副词作状语。故填probably。
9. 考查名词。句意：同上。设空处使用名词作宾语；electric shocks表示“电击”，此处表示复数意义。故填shocks。
10. 考查形容词。句意：这就是为什么每次太空行走都是精心策划的。设空处使用plan的形容词planned作表语，意为“有计划的，根据计划的”。故填planned。
Passage 2
（2024高二下·全国·专题练习）语法填空
The routine tasks that occupy most of the day are 1 (demand), but they can also be extremely rewarding. Our main mission is to conduct 2 (science) research. We need to evaluate the 3 (affect) of low gravity on animals and plants. Creatures such as mice, fish and mosquitoes 4 (send) to the station already! In 5 low-gravity environment, we can learn more about changes in cells and microorganisms under the microscope. As well as 6 (do) these biological experiments, we carry out experiments in other research fields. I have been working 7 one experiment which locates and tracks lightning over large regions of the Earth. Hopefully, it 8 (cast) new light on the Earth’s climate and lead to better lightning protection. With so much 9 (go) on, the space station needs a lot of 10 (maintain), so we constantly check support systems and do some cleaning.
【答案】
1. demanding 2. scientific 3. effects 4. have been sent 5. a 6. doing 7. on 8. will cast 9. going 10. maintenance
【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了在空间站进行的各项任务，包括科学研究、生物实验以及对空间站的维护等。
1. 考查形容词。句意：占据大部分时间的日常工作是要求高的，但它们也可能非常有回报。根据句意，此处需要一个形容词作表语来描述tasks，demanding意为“要求高的”，符合句意。故填demanding。
2. 考查形容词。句意：我们的主要任务是进行科学研究。此处需要一个形容词作定语来修饰research，scientific意为“科学的”，符合句意。故填scientific。
3. 考查名词。句意：我们需要评估低重力对动植物的影响。根据句意，此处需要一个名词作宾语来表示“影响”，effect是affect的名词形式，且通常用复数形式表示多个影响。故填effects。
4. 考查被动语态。句意：已经有一些生物如老鼠、鱼和蚊子被送到空间站！根据句意，此处描述的是过去发生的动作对现在的影响，且主语Creatures与send之间是被动关系，因此使用现在完成时的被动语态。故填have been sent。
5. 考查冠词。句意：在低重力环境中，我们可以在显微镜下了解更多关于细胞和微生物的变化。environment是可数名词，此处表示泛指，因此使用不定冠词。所连接的单词发音以辅音开头，故填a。
6. 考查非谓语动词。句意：除了进行这些生物学实验外，我们还在其他研究领域进行实验。as well as连接两个并列成分时，第二个as为介词，因此使用动名词doing。故填doing。
7. 考查介词。句意：我一直在做一个实验，该实验定位并跟踪地球大范围区域的闪电。work on是固定搭配，意为“从事于”，符合句意。故填on。
8. 考查时态。句意：希望它能为地球气候带来新的启示，并导致更好的防雷保护。根据句意，此处描述的是将来可能发生的事情，因此使用一般将来时will cast。故填will cast。
9. 考查with复合结构。句意：随着如此多的事情发生，空间站需要大量的维护。with+宾语+宾语补足语是with复合结构，动词与其逻辑主语so much之间为主动关系，此处使用现在分词作为宾语补足语。故填going。
10. 考查名词。句意：随着如此多的事情发生，空间站需要大量的维护。根据句意，此处需要一个名词作宾语来表示“维护”，maintenance是maintain的名词形式，不可数，符合句意。故填maintenance。
Passage 3
（23-24高二下·全国·随堂练习）语法填空
Well, it so happened 1 one morning I bought a newspaper and read the advertisement about the Antarctic expedition.
2 expedition to the South Pole with the great Sir Ernest Shackleton — this is the adventure that I 3 (dream) of. And I was ready for it. At the age of 19, I am fit and full of vigour. However, when I applied 4 join the expedition, Shackleton turned me down because he thought I was too young and wasn’t 5 (qualify). But I was so enthusiastic about the idea of going along with them that I 6 (secret) went aboard his ship, the Endurance, and hid in a small cupboard. Unfortunately, three days after we set off I 7 (discover). Shackleton did not want to turn back so he offered me a job, but only after he promised me, “If anyone has to be eaten, then you will be the first!” He assigned me 8 (be) a steward, and I now serve 9 (meal) for twenty-eight men, three times a day.
How everyone will envy me 10 I come back and tell them about the amazing places I have been to!
21 Nov 1915
【答案】
21. that 2. An 3. have been dreaming 4. to 5. qualified 6. secretly 7. was discovered 8. to be 9. meals 10. when
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了自己偷偷跟随Ernest Shackleton去南极探险的经历。
1. 考查主语从句。句意：好吧，碰巧有一天早上我买了一份报纸，读到了关于南极探险的广告。分析句子可知，这里考查主语从句，it作形式主语，后面的从句意义完整，不缺成分，而这里应填that引导完整句子作逻辑主语，it happened that是固定句型。故填that。
2. 考查冠词。句意：与伟大的Sir Ernest Shackleton一起远征南极——这是我一直梦想的冒险之旅。expedition是可数名词，此处表示泛指，应用不定冠词，且expedition是以元音音素开头，应用an，且句首时首字母应大写。故填An。
3. 考查时态。句意：与伟大的Sir Ernest Shackleton一起远征南极——这是我一直梦想的冒险之旅。结合句意可知，此处表示动作从过去某一时间开始，一直持续到现在，或者刚刚终止，或者可能仍然要继续下去，应用现在完成进行时，主语是I，助动词用have。故填have been dreaming。
4. 考查固定搭配。句意：然而，当我申请加入探险队时，Shackleton拒绝了我，因为他认为我太年轻，不符合条件。分析句子可知，这里考查apply to do sth表“申请做某事”，为固定搭配。故填to。
5. 考查形容词。句意：然而，当我申请加入探险队时，Shackleton拒绝了我，因为他认为我太年轻，不符合条件。分析句子可知，此空应填形容词作表语，qualified表“有资格的”，为形容词，符合句意。故填qualified。
6. 考查副词。句意：但我对和他们一起去的想法非常热情，所以我偷偷地登上了他的船“耐力号”，藏在一个小橱柜里。分析句子可知，此空应填副词作状语修饰动词。故填secretly。
7. 考查时态、语态。句意：不幸的是，在我们出发三天后，我被发现了。主语I和动词discover之间是被动关系，且文章是描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语表示单数意义，be动词用was。故填was discovered。
8. 考非谓语查。句意：他派我当管家，现在我每天三次，为二十八个人提供饭菜。分析句子可知，这里考查assign sb to be，表“指派某人成为” ，为常见搭配。故填to be。
9. 考查名词复数。句意：他派我当管家，现在我每天三次，为二十八个人提供饭菜。由后文“for twenty-eight men”可知，这里应用名词复数形式作宾语。故填meals。
10. 考查时间状语从句。句意：当我回来告诉他们我去过的令人惊叹的地方时，每个人都会羡慕我！分析句子可知，这里考查时间状语从句，when表“当”，引导时间状语从句，符合句意。故填when。
Passage 4
（23-24高二下·全国·课后作业）语法填空
We watched as Shackleton and the boat sailed away from Elephant Island. It was easy 1 (imagine) the danger ahead. There was nothing like a good dinner and some music to cheer us up.
2 (stay) alive was not easy. The island had no water. We could only melt ice from the ocean and drink the water from 3 . There were no trees growing on Antarctica and no oil, so the only fuel 4 we could use was animal fat. We had to be careful not to go outside too often, as the changing temperatures could make us ill. Many of us also 5 (become) ill from the smoke of the animal fat we burnt for our fires.
We lived like this in the cold 6 four months. Our discipline and team spirit kept us 7 (optimism) and helped us deal with our fears in a positive and successful way. When we were rescued, we felt such 8 (relieve) and joy that many of us could not hide our tears. Our optimism and faith in Shackleton had helped us persevere in staying alive. 9 (final), he paid us back by his commitment to save us from 10 slow but painful death.
【答案】
1. to imagine 2. To stay/Staying 3. it 4. that 5. became 6. for 7. optimistic 8. relief 9. Finally 10. a
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲的是Shackleton和他的团队在南极洲的象岛Elephant Island上生存四个月的艰难经历。
31. 考查不定式。句意：很容易想象前方的危险。it is easy to do是固定短语，意为“做某事很容易”，其中it是形式主语，真正的主语是不定式，故填to imagine。
2. 考查不定式和动名词。句意：活下去不容易。此处既可以表示一次性的也可以表示一般性的行为，用不定式或动名词作主语，位于句首的单词首字母要大写，故填To stay/Staying。
3. 考查代词。句意：我们只能把海洋里的冰融化，然后喝冰融化来的水。根据语境可知，句子表示“我们只能把海洋里的冰融化，然后喝冰融化来的水”，空格处用it指代前面的ice，故填it。
4. 考查定语从句。句意：南极洲没有树木，也没有石油，所以我们唯一能使用的燃料就是动物脂肪。空格处引导的是限制性定语从句，从句中缺少宾语，先行词fuel是物，且被the only修饰，因此关系代词只能用that，故填that。
5. 考查时态。句意：我们中的许多人也因为燃烧动物脂肪产生的烟雾而生病。句子描述过去的事情，时态用一般过去时，空格处用过去式became，故填became。
6. 考查介词。句意：我们就这样在寒冷中生活了四个月。根据语境可知，句子表示“我们就这样在寒冷中生活了四个月”，空格处用介词for表示动作持续的时间，故填for。
7. 考查形容词。句意：我们的纪律和团队精神使我们保持乐观，并帮助我们以积极和成功的方式处理我们的恐惧。空格处用形容词作宾语补足语，optimism的形容词是optimistic，意为“乐观的”，故填optimistic。
8. 考查名词。句意：当我们获救时，我们感到如释重负和喜悦，许多人都无法掩饰自己的眼泪。空格处用名词作宾语，relieve的宾语是relief，意为“宽慰，轻松”，是不可数名词，故填relief。
9. 考查副词。句意：最后，他以承诺拯救我们免于缓慢而痛苦的死亡来回报我们。空格处用副词finally作状语，修饰整个句子，finally意为“最后”，位于句首的单词首字母大写，故填Finally。
10. 考查冠词。句意：最后，他以承诺拯救我们免于缓慢而痛苦的死亡来回报我们。death是可数名词的单数形式，表泛指，前面要加不定冠词，slow是辅音音素开头，因此不定冠词用a，故填a。
Passage 5
（22-23高二下·全国·课后作业）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Sir Ranulph Fiennes (March 7, 1944—) is an English man 41 has led over 30 explorations to the North and South Poles, the Arabian Desert (沙漠), the Nile, and many other faraway 2 (place).
Fiennes, together with Charles Burton, led the first polar circumnavigation (环绕航行) of the earth in 3 late 1970s. This 52, 000-mile expedition took three years 4 (complete). Sir Ranulph Fiennes and Charles Burton were the first men to reach both the North and South Poles on foot. Fiennes’ Jack Russell dog, 5 (call) Bothie, was with them. The expedition ended 6 (successful) on August 29, 1982.
In 1992, Fiennes and others 7 (find) the Lost City of Ubar in the Rub al Khali desert of Oman.
In 1993, Fiennes and Dr. Mike Stroud made the first unsupported walk across the continent of Antarctica, each man 8 (pull) a 500-pound sledge (雪橇). This ninety-seven-day trip was the 9 (long) polar journey in history.
Fiennes holds many world records. The Guinness Book of World Records described Fiennes 10 the world’s greatest living explorer.
【答案】
1. who / that 2. places 3. the 4. to complete 5. called 6. successfully 7. found 8. pulling 9. longest 10. as
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了雷诺夫·费因斯爵士(1944年3月7日-)是一位英国人，他曾带领30多次探险队前往北极和南极、阿拉伯沙漠、尼罗河和许多其他遥远的地方。
1. 考查定语从句。句意：雷诺夫·费因斯爵士(1944年3月7日-)是一位英国人，他曾带领30多次探险队前往北极和南极、阿拉伯沙漠、尼罗河和许多其他遥远的地方。分析句子可知，此处是限定性定语从句，先行词Sir Ranulph Fiennes，指人，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who或that引导。故填who或that。
2. 考查名词复数。句意：雷诺夫·费因斯爵士(1944年3月7日-)是一位英国人，他曾带领30多次探险队前往北极和南极、阿拉伯沙漠、尼罗河和许多其他遥远的地方。由空前many other可知，此处为名词复数形式。故填places。
3. 考查冠词。句意：20世纪70年代末，费因斯与查尔斯·伯顿(Charles Burton)一起领导了第一次地球极地航行。根据句意可知，此处为常用时间in the late 1970s“20世纪70年代晚期”。故填the。
4. 考查非谓语动词。句意：这次52000英里的探险花了三年时间才完成。分析句子可知，此处为固定短语sth take +时间段+to do意为“花时间做某事”，所以此处为动词不定式形式。故填to complete。
5. 考查非谓语动词。句意：费因斯的杰克罗素狗，名叫波西，和他们在一起。分析句子可知，此处为非谓语动词作后置定语，dog和call为被动关系，所以为过去分词形式，作后置定语。故填called。
6. 考查副词。句意：这次考察于1982年8月29日成功结束。由副词修饰动词可知，此处修饰动词ended，应用副词successfully，作状语。故填successfully。
7. 考查动词时态。句意：1992年，费因斯和其他人在阿曼的鲁卜哈利沙漠发现了失落的乌巴尔城。根据句中的时间状语In 1992可知，应用一般过去时。故填found。
8. 考查非谓语动词。句意：993年，费因斯和迈克·斯特劳德博士首次在无人支撑的情况下徒步穿越南极洲，每人拉着一辆500磅重的雪橇。分析句子可知，此处为独立主格结构，each man和动词pull为主动关系，应用现在分词形式。故填pulling。
9. 考查形容词最高级。句意：这次九十七天的旅行是历史上最长的极地旅行。根据句意以及空前the可知，此处为形容词最高级形式，the longest“最长的”修饰polar journey，满足句意要求。故填longest。
10. 考查动词短语。句意：《吉尼斯世界纪录大全》称费因斯是世界上最伟大的探险家。根据句意可知，此处为动词短语describe sth as sth“把……描述成……”，满足句意要求。 故填as。
二、 进阶练习
Passage 6
（22-23高二·全国·课后作业）语法填空。
Although not 1 (allow) to join the expedition to the South Pole, Perce Blackborow managed 2 (go) aboard the Endurance and worked as a steward there. Their voyage didn’t go smoothly and the ship was stuck in the ice. Before the ship was crushed and 3 (sink) into the sea, Shackleton gave the order to abandon ship with only essential 4 (supply). The crew had to camp on ice, but with spring coming, 5 was dangerous to stay there.
They then sailed to Elephant Island. Things went from bad to worse. Soon after their arrival, Shackleton set off for South Georgia Island to seek for help. They were cold and hungry. To keep 6 his spirits, Perce tried to think of happier things. However, these happy memories 7 (interrupt) by a sudden cold rush of air.
Perce lost his patience 8 (gradual) but soon realized his mistake thanks to Frank’s concern. He thought he should be 9 (grate) to Frank and Shackleton. Without their concern and perseverance, he would have died. It was their resolve 10 filled him with hope. Maybe they could return home!
【答案】
1. allowed 2. to go 3. sank 4. supplies 5. it 6. up 7. were interrupted 8. gradually 9. grateful 10. that
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了沙克尔顿在遭遇轮船沉没等一系列糟糕的情况后乘船去求救，以及队员们等待救援的过程。
1. 考查状语从句的省略。句意：尽管不被允许参加南极探险，珀西·布莱克博罗还是设法登上了“忍耐号”，并在那里担任乘务员。空前是although引导的状语从句的省略，即当主句和从句为同一主语时，且从句含有be动词，从句可省略主语和be动词，此处主语Perce Blackborow和动词allow是被动关系，即从句完整句子为Although he was not allowed to join the expedition to the South Pole，故填allowed。
2. 考查非谓语动词。句意：尽管不被允许参加南极探险，珀西·布莱克博罗还是设法登上了“忍耐号”，并在那里担任乘务员。manage to do固定搭配，意为“设法做”，故填to go。
3. 考查时态。句意：在船被击沉沉入大海之前，沙克尔顿下令弃船，只带了必需品。空处是句子谓语，和was crushed是并列谓语，应用一般过去时，且the ship和动词sink是主动关系，应用sink的过去式，故填sank。
4. 考查名词的数。句意：在船被击沉沉入大海之前，沙克尔顿下令弃船，只带了必需品。此处应用名词作宾语，supply“补给品”为可数名词，所以此处应用复数形式表示泛指，故填supplies。
5. 考查代词。句意：船员们不得不在冰上露营，但随着春天的到来，待在那里很危险。此处应用it作形式主语，真正的主语是不定式，故填it。
6. 考查固定搭配。句意：为了振作精神，珀西试着想些更开心的事情。keep up固定搭配，意为“使……不低落”，故填up。
7. 考查时态和语态。句意：然而，这些美好的回忆被一股突如其来的冷空气打断了。此处在句中作谓语，句中描述过去发生的事，应用一般过去时，主语memories和动词interrupt是被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动，主语是复数，故填were interrupted。
8. 考查副词。句意： 珀西渐渐失去了耐心，但由于弗兰克的关心，他很快意识到自己的错误。此处应用副词gradually修饰动词lost，作状语，故填gradually。
9. 考查形容词。句意：他觉得他应该感谢弗兰克和沙克尔顿。此处应用形容词grateful作表语，be grateful to“对……感激”，故填grateful。
10. 考查强调句。句意：正是他们的决心使他充满希望。it is/was+强调内容+that/who+句子剩余部分，当强调内容指物，应用that，当强调内容指人，应用that/who，此处强调their resolve，指物，应用that，故填that。
Passage 7
（23-24高二下·全国·课后作业）语法填空
Although not 1 (allow) to join the expedition to the South Pole, Perce Blackborow managed 2 (go) aboard the ship Endurance and worked as a steward there. Their voyage didn't go smoothly and the ship was stuck in the ice. Before the ship 3 (sink) into the sea, Shackleton gave the order to abandon the ship after rescuing 4 they needed most. The crew had to camp on the ice, but with spring 5 (approach), it was dangerous to stay there.
They then sailed to Elephant Island by boat, but things went from bad to worse. Soon after their arrival, Shackleton set off for South Georgia Island to seek help. They were cold and 6 (hunger). To keep up his spirits, Perce tried to think of happier things. However, these happy memories were soon interrupted by 7 sudden cold rush of air.
Perce lost his patience 8 (gradual), but soon realized his mistake thanks to Frank's concern. He thought he should be grateful 9 Frank and Shackleton. Without their concern and perseverance, he would have died. It was their resolve 10 filled him with hope. Maybe they could return home!
【答案】
61. allowed 2. to go 3. sank 4. what 5. approaching 6. hungry 7. a 8. gradually 9. to 10. that
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了“耐力号”在南极探险的经历。
1. 考查过去分词。句意：尽管没有被允许参加南极探险，皮尔斯·布莱克博罗还是设法登上了“耐力号”船，在那里当了一名乘务员。此处状语从句的省略，且从句中被省略的主语和allow构成被动关系，故填过去分词，作状语，故填allowed。
2. 考查非谓语动词。句意：尽管没有被允许参加南极探险，皮尔斯·布莱克博罗还是设法登上了“耐力号”船，在那里当了一名乘务员。短语manage to do sth.表示“设法做某事”。故填to go。
3. 考查时态。句意：在船沉入海中之前，沙克尔顿在拯救了他们最需要的东西后下令弃船。根据后文gave可知为一般过去时。故填sank。
4. 考查宾语从句。句意：在船沉入海中之前，沙克尔顿在拯救了他们最需要的东西后下令弃船。引导宾语从句，从句缺少宾语，指物，故用what引导。故填what。
5. 考查非谓语动词。句意：船员们不得不在冰上扎营，但随着春天的临近，呆在那里很危险。此处为with的复合结构，spring与approach为主动关系，故用现在分词作宾补。故填approaching。
6. 考查形容词。句意：他们又冷又饿。作表语，应用形容词hungry。故填hungry。
7. 考查冠词。句意：然而，这些美好的回忆很快就被一股突如其来的冷空气打断了。此处表示“一股突如其来的冷空气”应用不定冠词，且sudden是发音以辅音音素开头的单词。故填a。
8. 考查副词。句意：皮尔斯渐渐失去了耐心，但由于弗兰克的关心，他很快意识到了自己的错误。修饰动词lost应用副词gradually，故填gradually。
9. 考查介词。句意：他认为他应该感谢弗兰克和沙克尔顿。短语be grateful to表示“感谢……”。故填to。
10. 考查强调句。句意：正是他们的决心使他充满了希望。分析句子结构可知此处为强调句：it was+被强调部分+that/who+其他，被强调部分为their resolve，故填that。
Passage 8
（22-23高二下·全国·单元测试）语法填空
Shackleton’s departure to find help let the crew feel down and even a little desperate, but soon 1 good dinner and some music worked to cheer them up. They took advantage of 2 they could find in order to stay alive. There 3 (be) no water in the 4 (extreme) cold weather, the crew melted ice from the ocean for daily use. Without any fuel, they burned animal fat to make fire though the oily, black smoke caused damage to their eyes and burned their 5 (lung). No vegetables or fruit could be found on the island, and they managed to feed 6 sea animals. The chef 7 (try) his best to vary the meals in whatever way he could.
Another challenge lying ahead of them is to stay 8 (health), because a slight cold or fever might become a disaster on Antarctica. Because of the changing temperatures, they took care of themselves neither 9 (become) too hot from wearing too many clothes nor to become too cold from wearing too few.
Their discipline, perseverance and team spirit carried them through. It was four months 10 they were finally rescued.
【答案】
1. a 2. whatever/what 3. being 4. extremely 5. lungs 6. on 7. tried 8. healthy 9. to become 10. before
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了沙克尔顿在外出寻找救援的四个月时间里船员们是如何生存在孤岛上，并最终获救的故事。
71. 考查冠词。句意：沙克尔顿离开去寻求帮助，这让船员们感到沮丧，甚至有点绝望，但很快，美味的晚餐和一些音乐让他们振作起来。此处dinner为不可数名词，有定语修饰时可加不定冠词，表示“一顿……的晚餐”， good为辅音音标开头，应用不定冠词a。故填a。
2. 考查宾语从句。句意：为了生存，他们利用了他们能找到的一切。根据空格前的介词of可知，空格处引导宾语从句，在从句中作宾语，应用关系代词whatever表示“任何东西”或用what表示“……的东西”。故填whatever/what。
3. 考查非谓语动词。句意：在极冷的天气里没有水，船员们从海里融化了冰供日常使用。melted作谓语，空格处应作原因状语，应用动词的现在分词形式构成There be句型的独立主格结构There being，表示与谓语动词同时发生。故填being。
4. 考查副词。句意：在极冷的天气里没有水，船员们从海里融化了冰供日常使用。空格处作状语，修饰形容词cold，应用副词形式。故填extremely。
5. 考查名词的数。句意：在没有任何燃料的情况下，他们燃烧动物脂肪生火，尽管油腻的黑烟对他们的眼睛造成了伤害，并烧伤了他们的肺。根据空格前的their可知，空格处应填名词的复数形式作宾语。故填lungs。
6. 考查介词。句意：岛上找不到蔬菜或水果，他们设法以海洋动物为食。feed on为固定搭配，意为“以……为食”，符合句意。故填on。
7. 考查动词时态。句意：厨师尽其所能使饭菜多样化。空格处作谓语， 根据宾语从句中的谓语could可知，应用一般过去时。故填tried。
8. 考查形容词。句意：摆在他们面前的另一个挑战是保持健康，因为轻微的感冒或发烧可能会成为南极洲的灾难。根据空格前的系动词stay可知，空格处应填形容词作表语，healthy为形容词，意为“健康的”。故填healthy。
9. 考查非谓语动词。句意：由于温度的变化，他们既不会因为穿太多衣服而变得太热，也不会因为穿得太少而变得太冷。空格处作目的状语，应用动词不定式。故填to become。
10. 考查连词。句意：四个月后他们才最终获救。空格处应填连词引导时间状语从句，根据句意“在……之前”是before。故填before。
Passage 9
（22-23高二下·云南曲靖·阶段练习）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
In the Ming Dynasty, a Chinese man 1 (name) Wan Hu made the world’s first rocket, 2 unluckily he lost his life with it. It was not until April 24, 1970 3 China launched(发射) its first man-made satellite Dongfanghong-1 successfully. To celebrate the first big success in the count’s space 4 (develop), we now make April 24 China’s Space Day.
China also announces new plans 5 (make) a space station and go to Mars and further space. It will finish building its space station around 2022. According to China’s top space scientist Zhou Jianping, at that time, 6 (become) an astronaut will be a normal job. More astronauts are needed than ever before. They need to be able to finish difficult 7 (task).
By now, China has been choosing astronauts 8 (main) from pilots like Yang Liwei. In the future, astronauts 9 (pick) from engineers, doctors and space technology experts. Another plan is about Mars. In order to explore Mars, China sent a spacecraft(航天器), whose name is Tianwen-1, 10 Mars on July 23,2020. It will land on Mars and even bring back things from Mars.
【答案】
1. named 2. but 3. that 4. development 5. to make 6. becoming 7. tasks 8. mainly 9. will be picked 10. to
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国航天事业的发展过程及未来的计划。
1. 考查过去分词。句意：在明朝，一个叫万虎的中国人制造了世界上第一枚火箭，但不幸的是，他在实验火箭中丧生了。句中有谓语动词made且前后无连词，故应用name的非谓语动词形式，作后置定语，修饰man，man与name之间为逻辑上的被动关系，即男人被叫做万虎，故应用name的过去分词named。故填named。
2. 考查连词。句意：在明朝，一个叫万虎的中国人制造了世界上第一枚火箭，但不幸的是，他在实验火箭中丧生了。根据句中“unluckily”可知，空格前后为转折关系，虽然万虎制造了世界上第一枚火箭，但不幸的是，他在实验火箭中丧生了，故空处应用连词but，表示转折。故填but。
3. 考查强调句型。句意：直到1970年4月24日，中国才将第一颗卫星“东方红一号”成功送入太空。此处为“It was not until…that”强调句型，故填that。
4. 考查名词。句意：为了庆祝国家太空发展的第一个巨大成功，我们现在把4月24日定为中国航天日。句中country’s为名词所有格，故空格处应用名词，develop意为“发展”，动词词性，对应的名词为development，为不可数名词，country’s space development意为“国家太空发展”。故填development。
5. 考查不定式。句意：中国还宣布了建造空间站、前往火星和更远太空的新计划。plan为名词，后面用不定式作后置定语。故填to make。
6. 考查非谓语动词。句意：据中国顶级航天科学家周建平介绍，到时候，当航天员将是一份普通的工作。分析句子结构可知，此处应用动名词作主语，表示一般性的动作。故填becoming。
7. 考查名词复数。句意：他们需要能够完成困难的任务。task为可数名词，且此处表示不止一个任务，故用名词复数。故填tasks。
8. 考查副词。句意：到目前为止，中国主要从杨利伟这样的飞行员中选择宇航员。分析句子结构可知，空处作状语，应用副词形式。故填mainly。
9. 考查动词的时态和语态。句意：未来，宇航员将从工程师、医生和空间技术专家中挑选。根据In the future可知，此处表示将来发生的动作，应用一般将来时，且astronauts和pick之间是动宾关系，故用一般将来时的被动语态，故填will be picked。
10. 考查介词。句意：为了探索火星，中国于2020年7月23日向火星发射了一艘航天器，其名称为“天问一号”。此处意为中国发射一个叫“天问一号”的航天器到火星。send在此处意为“发送”，send sth. to sb. /sth.意为“将某物发送给某人/某物”，为固定用法。故填to。
Passage 10
（23-24高二下·福建龙岩·阶段练习）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
An expedition to the South Pole with the great Sir Ernest Shackleton—this is the adventure that I 1 (dream) of. However, when I applied to join the expedition，Shackleton turned me down because he thought I was too young and wasn’t 2 (qualify), so I secretly went aboard his ship, the Endurance. Later I 3 (discover) and Shackleton had to assign me to be 4 steward. The journey wasn’t very easy, for Endurance was stuck in the ice as we approached Antarctica. And when the ship sank, our hearts sank with it. Before we abandoned the ship, Shackleton 5 (calm) told us to rescue our most essential supplies and he 6 (he) threw away all his gold. He allowed Hussey to keep his banjo, 7 made us surprised. We had been struggling for days, but things were going from bad to worse. Soon after we arrived at Elephant Island,Shackleton left us 8 (find) help. Sometimes we were able to catch a seal or a penguin to eat. I tried to think of 9 (happy)things. I was grateful for Frank and Ernest’s genuine concern for others, their 10 (persevere), and their resolve filled me with hope.
【答案】
1. have been dreaming 2. qualified 3. was discovered 4. a 5. calmly 6. himself 7. which 8. to find 9. happier 10. perseverance
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。它主要讲述了一位年轻人梦想加入伟大的欧内斯特·沙克尔顿爵士前往南极的远征。尽管最初被拒绝，但他偷偷登上了沙克尔顿的船，最终参与了这次历险。
1. 考查时态。句意：和伟大的欧内斯特·沙克尔顿爵士一起去南极探险——这是我一直以来梦寐以求的冒险。表示“从过去一直延续到现在的动作”应该使用现在完成进行时，主语为I，故填have been dreaming。
2. 考查形容词。句意：然而，当我申请加入探险队时，沙克尔顿拒绝了我，因为他认为我太年轻，不合格，所以我偷偷地登上了他的船——耐力号。需填入形容词作表语，需要的词义为“有资格的”，即qualified，故填qualified。
3. 考查时态和语态。句意：后来我被发现了，沙克尔顿不得不派我去当一名服务员。根据句中的later以及I承受discover的动作可知，谓语动词使用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为I，故填was discovered。
4. 考查冠词。句意：后来我被发现了，沙克尔顿不得不派我去当一名服务员。steward为可数名词并且以辅音音素开头，因此使用不定冠词a，故填a。
5. 考查副词。句意：在我们弃船之前，沙克尔顿平静地告诉我们要拯救我们最重要的物资，他亲手扔掉了他所有的金子。使用副词作状语修饰动词told，需要的词义为“平静地”，故填calmly。
6. 考查反身代词。句意：在我们弃船之前，沙克尔顿平静地告诉我们要拯救我们最重要的物资，他亲手扔掉了他所有的金子。此处使用反身代词作he的同位语，故填himself。
7. 考查定语从句。句意：他让赫西留着他的班卓琴，这让我们很吃惊。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导非限制性定语从句，指代主句的内容，因此使用which引导定语从句，故填which。
8. 考查动词不定式。句意：我们到达象岛后不久，沙克尔顿就离开我们去寻求帮助。此处为动词不定式作目的状语，故填to find。
9. 考查比较级。句意：我试着去想一些更快乐的事情。根据前文的“我们到达象岛后不久，沙克尔顿就离开我们去寻求帮助。有时我们能抓到一只海豹或企鹅来吃。”可知，“我们的处境很艰难”，因此“我”会想着更快乐的事情以缓解焦虑，则使用形容词的比较级，故填happier。
10. 考查名词。句意：我很感激弗兰克和欧内斯特对他人的真诚关怀，他们的毅力和决心让我充满了希望。此处使用名词作宾语，需要的词义为“毅力”，即perseverance，它为不可数名词，故填perseverance。
三、 高阶提升
Passage 11
（22-23高二·全国·单元测试）阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Antarctica, the southernmost part of Earth, is covered with snow and ice all year round. 1 it has amazing views, many people are still frightened by this icy desert.
But 34-year-old US explorer Colin O’ Brady is different. Three 2 (month) ago he became the first person 3 (cross) Antarctica alone. During the 932-mile journey, O’ Brady spent 54 days in extreme conditions. He had to push 4 (he) to the limit. He carried everything he’d need on a sled. But even with enough food, O’ Brady began to become 5 (thin) and weaker after six weeks. “I 6 (lose) a ton of weight so far. My legs feel more like the size of my arms at this point,” he wrote on US social media Instagram.
Adding to the pressure, O’ Brady was racing against Louis from the UK. The two men set off together, with Brady 7 (take) an early lead. But on Christmas Day, O’ Brady resolved to make a final effort without stopping for a rest. 8 (lucky) for him he made it, getting to the finish line earlier than Louis.
O’ Brady thinks that he has the spirit 9 exploration in his blood: He is 10 athlete, who loves to move. He also believes we can all have this strength and achieve much.
【答案】
11. Although/Though 2. months 3. to cross 4. himself 5. thinner 6. have lost 7. taking 8. Luckily 9. of 10. an
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述美国探险家Colin O’ Brady独自横跨南极的经历。
1. 考查状语从句。句意：尽管它的景色令人惊叹，但许多人仍然害怕这片冰冷的沙漠。根据语境可知，句子表示“尽管它的景色令人惊叹，但许多人仍然害怕这片冰冷的沙漠”，空格处意为“尽管”，用although/though，引导让步状语从句，位于句首，首字母大写，故填Although/Though。
2. 考查名词的复数。句意：三个月前，他成为了第一个独自穿越南极洲的人。空前有Three，空格处用复数，故填months。
3. 考查不定式。句意：三个月前，他成为了第一个独自穿越南极洲的人。此处名词person被序数词the first修饰，后用不定式作定语。故填to cross。
4. 考查反身代词。句意：他必须把自己逼到极限。主语是He，和宾语一致，所以要用反身代词作宾语。故填himself。
5. 考查比较级。句意：但即使有足够的食物，六周后，奥布雷迪开始变得越来越瘦和虚弱。由空后的and weaker可知应该用比较级，指“与六周之前相比他的身体更瘦、更弱了”。故填thinner。
6. 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：到目前为止，我已经瘦了一吨。由句中的so far可知，时态应该用现在完成时，主语是I，因此空格处是have lost。故填have lost。
7. 考查非谓语动词。句意：两人一起出发了，Brady一开始就领先。空格处是with复合结构，Brady和take之间是主谓关系，因此空格处用现在分词表主动，作宾语补足语，故填taking。
8. 考查副词。句意：幸运的是，他做到了，比Louis早到达了终点。空格处用副词luckily作状语，修饰for him，位于句首，首字母大写，故填Luckily。
9. 考查介词。句意：O’ Brady认为他的血液里流淌着探索的精神。the spirit of exploration意为“探索精神”，因此空格处用介词of。故填of。
10. 考查冠词。句意：他是一名运动员，热爱运动。athlete是可数名词，表泛指，前面要加不定冠词，athlete是元音音素开头，因此不定冠词用an，故填an。
Passage 12
（22-23高二·全国·课后作业）语法填空
Over the years I 1 (teach) children about a simple but powerful concept — the ant philosophy (哲学), 2 amazing four-part philosophy.
First, ants never quit. If they’re heading somewhere and you try to stop them, they’ll climb over, they’ll climb under, and they’ll climb around. They never quit 3 (look) for a way to get where they 4 (suppose) to go. Second, ants think about winter all summer. They are always gathering their winter food in the middle of summer and they are making 5 (prepare) for the long cold winter. So you have to think about storms in summer, think about rocks 6 you enjoy the sand and sun. Third, ants think about summer all winter. During the winter, ants remind 7 (them), “This won’t last long. We’ll soon be out of here.” On the first warm day, the ants are out. If it 8 (turn) cold again, they’ll dive back down, but they come out again if it is warm. Last, how much will an ant gather during the summer to prepare for the winter All that it 9 (possible) can. 10 you can learn from the ant philosophy is: Never give up, look ahead, stay positive and do all you can.
【答案】
11. have been teaching 2. an 3. looking 4. are supposed 5. preparations 6. when/as 7. themselves 8. turns 9. possibly 10. What
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了蚂蚁的哲学理论：第一，永不放弃；第二，向前看；第三，保持积极的心态；第四，尽你所能。
1. 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：多年来，我一直在教孩子们一个简单而有力的概念——蚂蚁哲学，一个惊人的由四部分组成的哲学。根据时间状语“over the years”可知，动作“teach”从过去开始一直延续到现在并有可能继续下去，应用现在完成进行时，且主语为“I”。故填have been teaching。
2. 考查冠词。句意：多年来，我一直在教孩子们一个简单而有力的概念——蚂蚁哲学，一个惊人的由四部分组成的哲学。此处表示“一个令人惊讶的四部分哲学”，表示泛指，应用a或an，又因为amazing的读音以元音音素开头。故填an。
3. 考查非谓语动词。句意：它们从不放弃寻找到达它们应该去的地方的方法。短语quit doing sth.表示“放弃做某事”。故填looking。
4. 考查动词的时态和语态。句意：它们从不放弃寻找到达它们应该去的地方的方法。短语be supposed to do sth.“应该做某事”，结合quit可知为一般现在时，主语为they，谓语用复数。故填are supposed。
5. 考查名词的数。句意：它们总是在盛夏时节收集过冬的食物，为漫长寒冷的冬天做准备。make preparations for“为……做准备”。故填preparations。
6. 考查状语从句。句意：所以你必须想到夏天的暴风雨，在享受沙滩和阳光的时候想到岩石。此处表示“当你享受沙子和阳光时要考虑岩石”，应用when或as引导时间状语从句。故填when/as。
7. 考查反身代词。句意：在冬天，蚂蚁提醒自己：“这不会持续太久。我们很快就能扛过去。”此处表示“它们会提醒自己”应用反身代词themselves。故填themselves。
8. 考查动词的时态。句意：如果天气再次变冷，它们就会潜下去，但如果天气变暖，它们就会再次浮出水面。主句为一般将来时，if引导的条件状语从句用一般现在时表示将来，主语为it，谓语用三单形式。故填turns。
9. 考查副词。句意：尽其所能。此处是一个省略句，省略了can后面的动词gather，而要用副词修饰动词。故填possibly。
10. 考查名词性从句。句意：你可以从蚂蚁哲学中学到的是：永不放弃，向前看，保持积极，尽你所能。所填词引导主语从句，在从句中作主语，且位于句首。故填What。
Passage 13
（23-24高二下·四川成都·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
China will establish a new batch of national parks this year amid its efforts of accelerating the construction of its national park and botanical garden systems. The new parks 1 (include) Huanghekou, Qianjiangyuan-Baishanzu and Kalamayli will be built 2 a steady and orderly manner. China’s national parks are specific land or sea areas 3 main purpose is to preserve the nationally representative natural ecosystems of the country and realize the 4 (science) protection and rational use of natural resources.
In 2021, China established the first batch of national parks, with 5 area of 230,000 square km protected land. Since the establishment of the first batch of national parks, more than 390 mining sites 6 (close). The Sanjiangyuan park realized the full protection of the source of the Yangtze, Yellow and Lancang rivers and the Tibetan antelope population has 7 (eventual) recovered to over 70,000. In the Giant Panda National Park, more than 70 percent of wild pandas are under good protection.
A National Park Law is being made and China 8 (adopt) a more advanced park management system, increase the 9 (apply) of new technologies, build a world-class research monitoring platform, and 10 (strength) national park management capabilities in the near future.
【答案】
1. including 2. in 3. whose 4. scientific 5. an 6. have been closed 7. eventually 8. will adopt 9. application 10. strengthen
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国将在今年内新建一批国家公园，加快国家公园和植物园体系建设。
1. 考查现在分词。句意：新的国家公园，包括黄河口、钱江源-百山祖和卡拉麦里，将稳步有序地建设。根据谓语动词“will be built”可知，空处应用非谓语动词，与“The new parks”之间为主动关系，作后置定语，故应用现在分词。故填including。
2. 考查介词。句意：黄河口、钱江源-白山祖、克拉玛依等新园区将稳步有序建设。空处应用介词，后接名词短语“a steay and orderly manner”作宾语；介词短语in a ... manner表示“以一种……的方式”，符合句意。故填in。
3. 考查定语从句。句意：中国的国家公园是特定的陆地或海洋区域，其主要目的是保护具有全国代表性的自然生态系统，实现自然资源的科学保护和合理利用。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰名词短语“China’s national parks”，在从句中作定语，表示“中国国家公园的目的”，故应用关系代词whose。故填whose。
4. 考查形容词。句意：中国的国家公园是特定的陆地或海洋区域，其主要目的是保护具有全国代表性的自然生态系统，实现自然资源的科学保护和合理利用。根据名词“protection”可知，空处应用形容词，作定语；scientific为形容词，表示“科学的”，符合句意。故填scientific。
5. 考查冠词。句意：2021年，中国建立了第一批国家公园，保护区面积达23万平方公里。空处应为冠词，修饰名词“area”，表示有着一块面积达23万平方公里的保护区，故应用不定冠词，表示泛指；area以元音音素开头。故填an。
6. 考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：自第一批国家公园建立以来，已经关闭了390多个矿区。空处应为谓语动词，根据时间状语“Since...”表示“自从……”可知，应用现在完成时；主语是“more than 390 mining sites”，与动词close之间为被动关系，表示390多个矿区被关闭，且谓语为复数。故填have been closed。
7. 考查副词。句意：三江源公园实现了长江、黄河、澜沧江源头的全面保护，藏羚羊数量最终恢复到7万多只。空处应为副词，修饰动词“recovered”，作状语；eventually为副词，表示“最终”，符合句意。故填eventually。
8. 考查动词时态。句意：中国正在制定《国家公园法》，未来将采用更先进的公园管理制度，加大新技术应用，建设世界一流的研究监测平台，加强国家公园管理能力建设。空处应为谓语动词；根据时间状语“in the near future”可知，应用一般将来时，表示将要发生的动作。故填will adopt。
9. 考查名词。句意：中国正在制定《国家公园法》，未来将采用更先进的公园管理制度，加大新技术应用，建设世界一流的研究监测平台，加强国家公园管理能力建设。根据“the...of”可知，空处应为名词，作宾语；application为名词，表示“应用”，符合句意。故填application。
10. 考查动词。句意：中国正在制定《国家公园法》，未来将采用更先进的公园管理制度，加大新技术应用，建设世界一流的研究监测平台，加强国家公园管理能力建设。空处应为动词，与“will adopt”、“increase”和“build”为并列谓语，故应用动词原形；strengthen为动词，表示“加强”，符合句意。故填strengthen。
Passage 14
（23-24高二下·全国·课后作业）语法填空
The daily life in space differs from that on the Earth—the low gravity definitely makes ordinary things strange!
Due to the near 1 (absent) of gravity in space, we have to attach ourselves so that we don’t float around. We usually sleep in private quarters, 2 are more like large cupboards. Our main mission in space is 3 (conduct) scientific research. We need to evaluate the effects of low gravity 4 animals and plants. The space station needs a lot of maintenance, so we 5 (constant) check support systems and do some cleaning.
The most 6 (challenge) work is performing tasks outside the space station, such as testing new equipment, monitoring scientific experiments or repairing the space station. Most food in space 7 (dry) or freeze-dried because fresh fruit and vegetables can only be delivered to the space station from the Earth every couple of months. 8 (consider) low gravity's negative effects, we discipline ourselves to do at least two hours of exercise every day. Exercise in space is not your average workout. We have to be tied onto specially 9 (design) exercise equipment to stop ourselves from floating around.
As the space station travels at 10 speed of about 17,500 miles per hour, we get to see the sunrise every 90 minutes. In these precious moments, all the challenges of life in space seem worth it.
【答案】
1. absence 2. which 3. to conduct 4. on 5. constantly 6. challenging 7. is dried 8. Considering 9. designed 10. a
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要通过描述太空中的日常生活、科学任务、食物供应、锻炼习惯以及空间站外部工作的挑战等方面，向读者介绍了太空生活的特点和所需应对的特殊情况。
11. 考查名词。句意：由于太空中几乎不存在重力，我们必须将自己固定住，以免四处漂浮。分析句子成分可知，空处为名词形式，担当宾语。故填absence。
2. 考查定语从句。句意：我们通常在私人舱室中睡觉，这些舱室更像是大型衣柜。这里为定语从句的关系词，先行词为“quarters”，在非限制性定语从句中担当主语，用关系代词which引导。故填which。
3. 考查非谓语动词。句意：我们在太空中的主要任务是进行科学研究。非谓语动词担当表语，表示“要做的事情”，用动词不定式形式。故填to conduct。
4. 考查介词。句意：我们需要评估低重力对动物和植物的影响。固定搭配：the effects on，意为“对……的影响”，符合句意。故填on。
5. 考查副词。句意：空间站需要大量的维护，因此我们不断检查支持系统并进行一些清洁工作。分析句子成分可知，空处为副词形式修饰动词“check support systems”。故填constantly。
6. 考查形容词。句意：最具挑战性的工作是在空间站外部执行任务，如测试新设备、监测科学实验或修理空间站。分析句子成分可知，空处为形容词形式，修饰空后的名词“work”，意为“富有挑战的”。故填challenging。
7. 考查时态和语态。句意：太空中的大多数食物都是干燥或冷冻干燥的，因为新鲜的水果和蔬菜每隔几个月才能从地球送到空间站。这里为本句谓语动词，根据上下文可知，本句时态为一般现在时；主语为“most food”，不可数名词，和动词“dry”之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填is dried。
8. 考查介词。句意：考虑到低重力的负面影响，我们要求自己每天至少锻炼两个小时。分析句子成分可知，空处为介词形式，担当状语，意为“考虑到……”；出现在句首，首字母大写。故填Considering。
9. 考查非谓语动词。句意：我们必须将自己绑在特制的健身器材上，以防止自己漂浮起来。非谓语动词担当定语，表示“设计的”，表示被动关系，用过去分词形式。故填designed。
10. 考查冠词。句意：由于空间站以每小时约17,500英里的速度飞行，我们每90分钟就能看到一次日出。修饰可数名词单数，表示泛指，用不定冠词修饰；构成固定搭配：at a speed of，意为“以……速度”，符合句意。故填a。
Passage 15
（22-23高二下·湖南衡阳·期末）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式
For the majority of fans, the NBA means a series of exciting games 1 (broadcast) on TV, but for some students in China, the world’s top basketball league means something closer to real life.
On June 6, NBA China and the Chinese Ministry of Education said that their partnership 2 (take) further to improve fitness and basketball development in elementary, middle and high schools across China. According to China Daily, 3 (begin) in September, the pilot program (试点计划) in 500 schools in 10 provinces will give students basketball training 4 basketball curriculum created by the Ministry of Education and the NBA．
NBA China will also host five coaching classes in August 5 (train) PE teachers from 500 schools using the newly-designed basketball curriculum. The teachers will then share their knowledge with students through 6 (week) basketball classes in the new semester
In addition, NBA China and the Ministry of Education will start a guiding committee made 7 of basketball experts 8 are from China and the US to advise schools on basketball programs.
The two parties will work 9 (close) to run school basketball leagues and 10 (compete) between classes. They will also share training videos and other programs online to develop basketball skills in elementary, middle and high schools.
【答案】
1. broadcast/broadcasted 2. would be taken 3. beginning 4. through 5. to train 6. weekly 7. up 8. who/that 9. closely petitions
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了NBA在中国现场直播，以及教育部和NBA为提高中国篮球水平所制定的计划。
1. 考查非谓语动词。句意：对大多数球迷来说，NBA意味着一系列在电视上播出的激动人心的比赛，但对中国的一些学生来说，这个世界顶级篮球联盟意味着更接近现实生活的东西。动词broadcast和games之间是动宾关系，此处用过去分词,作后置定语。故填broadcast或broadcasted。
2. 考查时态和语态。句意：6月6日，NBA中国与中国教育部表示，双方将进一步加强合作，促进中国小学、初中和高中的体育和篮球发展。空处是that引导的宾语从句的谓语动词，主语partnership和动词take之间是被动关系，表示“双方将进一步加强合作”，且主句是一般过去时，所以从句用过去将来时态的被动语态。故填would be taken。
3. 考查非谓语动词。句意：据《中国日报》报道，从9月份开始，该试点项目将在10个省份的500所学校开展，学生将通过教育部和NBA共同制定的篮球课程进行篮球训练。动词begin和逻辑主语the pilot program之间是主谓关系，应用现在分词作状语。故填beginning。
4. 考查介词。句意：据《中国日报》报道，从9月份开始，该试点项目将在10个省份的500所学校开展，学生将通过教育部和NBA共同制定的篮球课程进行篮球训练。结合句意可知，此处指“通过一个篮球课程”，用介词through。故填through。
5. 考查非谓语动词。句意：NBA中国也将在8月份举办5个训练班，用新设计的篮球课程培训来自500所学校的体育教师。结合句意可知，此处表示目的，应用动词不定式，作目的状语。故填to train。
6. 考查形容词。句意：在新学期，老师们将通过每周的篮球课与学生们分享他们的知识。此处修饰名词短语basketball classes，指“每周的篮球课”，应用形容词weekly，作定语。故填weekly。
7. 考查固定短语。句意：此外，NBA中国和教育部将成立一个由中美篮球专家组成的指导委员会，为学校的篮球项目提供建议。固定短语be made up of“由……组成”。故填up。
8. 考查定语从句。句意：此外，NBA中国和教育部将成立一个由中美篮球专家组成的指导委员会，为学校的篮球项目提供建议。此处是限定性定语从句，先行词是basketball experts，指人，关系词替代先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who或that引导。故填who或that。
9. 考查副词。句意：双方将密切合作，开展学校篮球联赛和班级之间的比赛。此处修饰动词work，应用副词，作状语。故填closely。
10. 考查名词复数。句意：双方将密切合作，开展学校篮球联赛和班级之间的比赛。competition为可数名词，此处和leagues并列，应用名词用复数形式。故填competitions。语法填空 人教版选择性必修三 题型特训
Unit 4 Adversity and Courage
学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________
一、 初阶练手 Passage 1 - 5
二、 进阶练习 Passage 6 -10
三、 高阶提升 Passage 11-15
一、 初阶练手
Passage 1
（2024高二下·全国·专题练习）语法填空
The most challenging work takes place 1 we need to perform tasks outside the space station, such as 2 (test) new equipment, monitoring scientific experiments or repairing the space station. In the 3 (circumstance), it’s time for a spacewalk. First, we put on our spacesuits, 4 allow us to breathe in space and protect us from 5 (expose) to the cold and radiation. Then we head out, and sometimes perform tasks for hours at 6 time, with the beautiful Earth visible below. Splendid 7 the view of the Earth is, spacewalking is not as exciting as you might think. It’s 8 (probable) the most dangerous work, with potential risks such as electric 9 (shock). That’s why every spacewalk is carefully 10 (plan).
Passage 2
（2024高二下·全国·专题练习）语法填空
The routine tasks that occupy most of the day are 1 (demand), but they can also be extremely rewarding. Our main mission is to conduct 2 (science) research. We need to evaluate the 3 (affect) of low gravity on animals and plants. Creatures such as mice, fish and mosquitoes 4 (send) to the station already! In 5 low-gravity environment, we can learn more about changes in cells and microorganisms under the microscope. As well as 6 (do) these biological experiments, we carry out experiments in other research fields. I have been working 7 one experiment which locates and tracks lightning over large regions of the Earth. Hopefully, it 8 (cast) new light on the Earth’s climate and lead to better lightning protection. With so much 9 (go) on, the space station needs a lot of 10 (maintain), so we constantly check support systems and do some cleaning.
Passage 3
（23-24高二下·全国·随堂练习）语法填空
Well, it so happened 1 one morning I bought a newspaper and read the advertisement about the Antarctic expedition.
2 expedition to the South Pole with the great Sir Ernest Shackleton — this is the adventure that I 3 (dream) of. And I was ready for it. At the age of 19, I am fit and full of vigour. However, when I applied 4 join the expedition, Shackleton turned me down because he thought I was too young and wasn’t 5 (qualify). But I was so enthusiastic about the idea of going along with them that I 6 (secret) went aboard his ship, the Endurance, and hid in a small cupboard. Unfortunately, three days after we set off I 7 (discover). Shackleton did not want to turn back so he offered me a job, but only after he promised me, “If anyone has to be eaten, then you will be the first!” He assigned me 8 (be) a steward, and I now serve 9 (meal) for twenty-eight men, three times a day.
How everyone will envy me 10 I come back and tell them about the amazing places I have been to!
21 Nov 1915
Passage 4
（23-24高二下·全国·课后作业）语法填空
We watched as Shackleton and the boat sailed away from Elephant Island. It was easy 1 (imagine) the danger ahead. There was nothing like a good dinner and some music to cheer us up.
2 (stay) alive was not easy. The island had no water. We could only melt ice from the ocean and drink the water from 3 . There were no trees growing on Antarctica and no oil, so the only fuel 4 we could use was animal fat. We had to be careful not to go outside too often, as the changing temperatures could make us ill. Many of us also 5 (become) ill from the smoke of the animal fat we burnt for our fires.
We lived like this in the cold 6 four months. Our discipline and team spirit kept us 7 (optimism) and helped us deal with our fears in a positive and successful way. When we were rescued, we felt such 8 (relieve) and joy that many of us could not hide our tears. Our optimism and faith in Shackleton had helped us persevere in staying alive. 9 (final), he paid us back by his commitment to save us from 10 slow but painful death.
Passage 5
（22-23高二下·全国·课后作业）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Sir Ranulph Fiennes (March 7, 1944—) is an English man 41 has led over 30 explorations to the North and South Poles, the Arabian Desert (沙漠), the Nile, and many other faraway 2 (place).
Fiennes, together with Charles Burton, led the first polar circumnavigation (环绕航行) of the earth in 3 late 1970s. This 52, 000-mile expedition took three years 4 (complete). Sir Ranulph Fiennes and Charles Burton were the first men to reach both the North and South Poles on foot. Fiennes’ Jack Russell dog, 5 (call) Bothie, was with them. The expedition ended 6 (successful) on August 29, 1982.
In 1992, Fiennes and others 7 (find) the Lost City of Ubar in the Rub al Khali desert of Oman.
In 1993, Fiennes and Dr. Mike Stroud made the first unsupported walk across the continent of Antarctica, each man 8 (pull) a 500-pound sledge (雪橇). This ninety-seven-day trip was the 9 (long) polar journey in history.
Fiennes holds many world records. The Guinness Book of World Records described Fiennes 10 the world’s greatest living explorer.
二、 进阶练习
Passage 6
（22-23高二·全国·课后作业）语法填空。
Although not 1 (allow) to join the expedition to the South Pole, Perce Blackborow managed 2 (go) aboard the Endurance and worked as a steward there. Their voyage didn’t go smoothly and the ship was stuck in the ice. Before the ship was crushed and 3 (sink) into the sea, Shackleton gave the order to abandon ship with only essential 4 (supply). The crew had to camp on ice, but with spring coming, 5 was dangerous to stay there.
They then sailed to Elephant Island. Things went from bad to worse. Soon after their arrival, Shackleton set off for South Georgia Island to seek for help. They were cold and hungry. To keep 6 his spirits, Perce tried to think of happier things. However, these happy memories 7 (interrupt) by a sudden cold rush of air.
Perce lost his patience 8 (gradual) but soon realized his mistake thanks to Frank’s concern. He thought he should be 9 (grate) to Frank and Shackleton. Without their concern and perseverance, he would have died. It was their resolve 10 filled him with hope. Maybe they could return home!
Passage 7
（23-24高二下·全国·课后作业）语法填空
Although not 1 (allow) to join the expedition to the South Pole, Perce Blackborow managed 2 (go) aboard the ship Endurance and worked as a steward there. Their voyage didn't go smoothly and the ship was stuck in the ice. Before the ship 3 (sink) into the sea, Shackleton gave the order to abandon the ship after rescuing 4 they needed most. The crew had to camp on the ice, but with spring 5 (approach), it was dangerous to stay there.
They then sailed to Elephant Island by boat, but things went from bad to worse. Soon after their arrival, Shackleton set off for South Georgia Island to seek help. They were cold and 6 (hunger). To keep up his spirits, Perce tried to think of happier things. However, these happy memories were soon interrupted by 7 sudden cold rush of air.
Perce lost his patience 8 (gradual), but soon realized his mistake thanks to Frank's concern. He thought he should be grateful 9 Frank and Shackleton. Without their concern and perseverance, he would have died. It was their resolve 10 filled him with hope. Maybe they could return home!
Passage 8
（22-23高二下·全国·单元测试）语法填空
Shackleton’s departure to find help let the crew feel down and even a little desperate, but soon 1 good dinner and some music worked to cheer them up. They took advantage of 2 they could find in order to stay alive. There 3 (be) no water in the 4 (extreme) cold weather, the crew melted ice from the ocean for daily use. Without any fuel, they burned animal fat to make fire though the oily, black smoke caused damage to their eyes and burned their 5 (lung). No vegetables or fruit could be found on the island, and they managed to feed 6 sea animals. The chef 7 (try) his best to vary the meals in whatever way he could.
Another challenge lying ahead of them is to stay 8 (health), because a slight cold or fever might become a disaster on Antarctica. Because of the changing temperatures, they took care of themselves neither 9 (become) too hot from wearing too many clothes nor to become too cold from wearing too few.
Their discipline, perseverance and team spirit carried them through. It was four months 10 they were finally rescued.
Passage 9
（22-23高二下·云南曲靖·阶段练习）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
In the Ming Dynasty, a Chinese man 1 (name) Wan Hu made the world’s first rocket, 2 unluckily he lost his life with it. It was not until April 24, 1970 3 China launched(发射) its first man-made satellite Dongfanghong-1 successfully. To celebrate the first big success in the count’s space 4 (develop), we now make April 24 China’s Space Day.
China also announces new plans 5 (make) a space station and go to Mars and further space. It will finish building its space station around 2022. According to China’s top space scientist Zhou Jianping, at that time, 6 (become) an astronaut will be a normal job. More astronauts are needed than ever before. They need to be able to finish difficult 7 (task).
By now, China has been choosing astronauts 8 (main) from pilots like Yang Liwei. In the future, astronauts 9 (pick) from engineers, doctors and space technology experts. Another plan is about Mars. In order to explore Mars, China sent a spacecraft(航天器), whose name is Tianwen-1, 10 Mars on July 23,2020. It will land on Mars and even bring back things from Mars.
Passage 10
（23-24高二下·福建龙岩·阶段练习）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
An expedition to the South Pole with the great Sir Ernest Shackleton—this is the adventure that I 1 (dream) of. However, when I applied to join the expedition，Shackleton turned me down because he thought I was too young and wasn’t 2 (qualify), so I secretly went aboard his ship, the Endurance. Later I 3 (discover) and Shackleton had to assign me to be 4 steward. The journey wasn’t very easy, for Endurance was stuck in the ice as we approached Antarctica. And when the ship sank, our hearts sank with it. Before we abandoned the ship, Shackleton 5 (calm) told us to rescue our most essential supplies and he 6 (he) threw away all his gold. He allowed Hussey to keep his banjo, 7 made us surprised. We had been struggling for days, but things were going from bad to worse. Soon after we arrived at Elephant Island,Shackleton left us 8 (find) help. Sometimes we were able to catch a seal or a penguin to eat. I tried to think of 9 (happy)things. I was grateful for Frank and Ernest’s genuine concern for others, their 10 (persevere), and their resolve filled me with hope.
三、 高阶提升
Passage 11
（22-23高二·全国·单元测试）阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Antarctica, the southernmost part of Earth, is covered with snow and ice all year round. 1 it has amazing views, many people are still frightened by this icy desert.
But 34-year-old US explorer Colin O’ Brady is different. Three 2 (month) ago he became the first person 3 (cross) Antarctica alone. During the 932-mile journey, O’ Brady spent 54 days in extreme conditions. He had to push 4 (he) to the limit. He carried everything he’d need on a sled. But even with enough food, O’ Brady began to become 5 (thin) and weaker after six weeks. “I 6 (lose) a ton of weight so far. My legs feel more like the size of my arms at this point,” he wrote on US social media Instagram.
Adding to the pressure, O’ Brady was racing against Louis from the UK. The two men set off together, with Brady 7 (take) an early lead. But on Christmas Day, O’ Brady resolved to make a final effort without stopping for a rest. 8 (lucky) for him he made it, getting to the finish line earlier than Louis.
O’ Brady thinks that he has the spirit 9 exploration in his blood: He is 10 athlete, who loves to move. He also believes we can all have this strength and achieve much.
Passage 12
（22-23高二·全国·课后作业）语法填空
Over the years I 1 (teach) children about a simple but powerful concept — the ant philosophy (哲学), 2 amazing four-part philosophy.
First, ants never quit. If they’re heading somewhere and you try to stop them, they’ll climb over, they’ll climb under, and they’ll climb around. They never quit 3 (look) for a way to get where they 4 (suppose) to go. Second, ants think about winter all summer. They are always gathering their winter food in the middle of summer and they are making 5 (prepare) for the long cold winter. So you have to think about storms in summer, think about rocks 6 you enjoy the sand and sun. Third, ants think about summer all winter. During the winter, ants remind 7 (them), “This won’t last long. We’ll soon be out of here.” On the first warm day, the ants are out. If it 8 (turn) cold again, they’ll dive back down, but they come out again if it is warm. Last, how much will an ant gather during the summer to prepare for the winter All that it 9 (possible) can. 10 you can learn from the ant philosophy is: Never give up, look ahead, stay positive and do all you can.
Passage 13
（23-24高二下·四川成都·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
China will establish a new batch of national parks this year amid its efforts of accelerating the construction of its national park and botanical garden systems. The new parks 1 (include) Huanghekou, Qianjiangyuan-Baishanzu and Kalamayli will be built 2 a steady and orderly manner. China’s national parks are specific land or sea areas 3 main purpose is to preserve the nationally representative natural ecosystems of the country and realize the 4 (science) protection and rational use of natural resources.
In 2021, China established the first batch of national parks, with 5 area of 230,000 square km protected land. Since the establishment of the first batch of national parks, more than 390 mining sites 6 (close). The Sanjiangyuan park realized the full protection of the source of the Yangtze, Yellow and Lancang rivers and the Tibetan antelope population has 7 (eventual) recovered to over 70,000. In the Giant Panda National Park, more than 70 percent of wild pandas are under good protection.
A National Park Law is being made and China 8 (adopt) a more advanced park management system, increase the 9 (apply) of new technologies, build a world-class research monitoring platform, and 10 (strength) national park management capabilities in the near future.
Passage 14
（23-24高二下·全国·课后作业）语法填空
The daily life in space differs from that on the Earth—the low gravity definitely makes ordinary things strange!
Due to the near 1 (absent) of gravity in space, we have to attach ourselves so that we don’t float around. We usually sleep in private quarters, 2 are more like large cupboards. Our main mission in space is 3 (conduct) scientific research. We need to evaluate the effects of low gravity 4 animals and plants. The space station needs a lot of maintenance, so we 5 (constant) check support systems and do some cleaning.
The most 6 (challenge) work is performing tasks outside the space station, such as testing new equipment, monitoring scientific experiments or repairing the space station. Most food in space 7 (dry) or freeze-dried because fresh fruit and vegetables can only be delivered to the space station from the Earth every couple of months. 8 (consider) low gravity's negative effects, we discipline ourselves to do at least two hours of exercise every day. Exercise in space is not your average workout. We have to be tied onto specially 9 (design) exercise equipment to stop ourselves from floating around.
As the space station travels at 10 speed of about 17,500 miles per hour, we get to see the sunrise every 90 minutes. In these precious moments, all the challenges of life in space seem worth it.
Passage 15
（22-23高二下·湖南衡阳·期末）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式
For the majority of fans, the NBA means a series of exciting games 1 (broadcast) on TV, but for some students in China, the world’s top basketball league means something closer to real life.
On June 6, NBA China and the Chinese Ministry of Education said that their partnership 2 (take) further to improve fitness and basketball development in elementary, middle and high schools across China. According to China Daily, 3 (begin) in September, the pilot program (试点计划) in 500 schools in 10 provinces will give students basketball training 4 basketball curriculum created by the Ministry of Education and the NBA．
NBA China will also host five coaching classes in August 5 (train) PE teachers from 500 schools using the newly-designed basketball curriculum. The teachers will then share their knowledge with students through 6 (week) basketball classes in the new semester
In addition, NBA China and the Ministry of Education will start a guiding committee made 7 of basketball experts 8 are from China and the US to advise schools on basketball programs.
The two parties will work 9 (close) to run school basketball leagues and 10 (compete) between classes. They will also share training videos and other programs online to develop basketball skills in elementary, middle and high schools.
