GRAMMAR
名词性从句高考考点点拨
考点一：主语从句
【考例】
用适当的连接词填空。
1. ________ we under ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )stand things has a lot to do with what we feel. (北京2015)
2. ________ the delay ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ed flight will take off depends much on the weather. (陕西2014)
3. I think ________ impresses me about his painting is the colours he uses. (天津2014)
4. Everyone i ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n the village is very friendly. It doesn’t matter ________ you have lived there for a short or a long time. (湖南2012)
【点拨】
1. How。设空处引导主语从句，且由题意（我们如何理解事情与我们所感受到的有很大关系）可知，设空处在从句中作方式状语，故填How。
2. When。设空处引导主语从句，且由题意（延误的航班何时将起飞取决于天气）可知，设空处在从句中作时间状语，故填When。
3. what。设空处引导主语从句，并在从句中作主语，且由表语the colours he uses可知，设空处指物，故填what。
4. whether。It在此是形式主 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )语，故设空处引导主语从句，且由for a short or a long time可知，应填whether。
考点二：宾语从句
【考例】
用适当的连接词填空。
1. I truly believ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e ________ beauty comes from within. (北京2015)
2. If you swim in ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) a river or lake, be sure to investigate ________ is below the water surface. Often there are rocks or branches hidden in the water. (浙江2015)
3. —I wonder ________ Mary has kept her figure after all these years.
—By working out every ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )day. (福建2015)
4. You have t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )o know ________ you’re going if you are to plan the best way of getting there.
(湖南2015)
【点拨】
1. that。设空处引导宾语从句，且从句结构及意义均完整，故填that。
2. what。设空处引 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )导宾语从句，在从句中作主语，且由Often there are rocks ... in the water可知，设空处指物，故填what。
3. how。设空处引导宾语从句，且由By working out every day可知，设空处表方式，故填how。
4. where。设空处引导宾语从句， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )且由plan the best way of getting there可知，设空处表地点，故填where。
考点三：表语从句
【考例】
用适当的连接词填空。
1. A ship in harbor ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) is safe, but that’s not ________ ships are built for. (安徽2015)
2. “Every time yo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )u eat a sweet, drink green tea.” This is ________ my mother used to tell me.
(浙江2014)
3. The best moment f ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )or the football star was ________ he scored the winning goal. (北京2014)
【点拨】
1. what。设空处引导表语从句，且由ships are built for可知，设空处在从句中作for的宾语，指物，故填what。
2. what。设空处引导表语从句，且由tell sb. sth.可知，设空处在从句中作宾语，故填what。
3. when。设空处引导表语从句，在从句中作状语，且由The best moment可知，设空处表时间，故填when。
说明：以上所选高考真题形式有所改动。
【即学即练】
I. 用适当的连接词填空。
1. ________ surpri ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )sed me most was ________ she spoke English so well.
2. The true value o ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )f life does not lie in ________ you get, but ________ you give.
3. He stayed up ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) late every night, preparing for the exam. That was ________ he got a good grade.
4. It doesn’t matte ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r ________ you have seen things like these before or not.
5. You can’t imagine ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )________ excited they were when they received these nice Christmas presents.
6. The question ________ it is right or wrong depends on the result.
II. 用适当的连接词完成下面短文。
1. ________ the J Street Band got together is an interesting story. Lead singer Jeremy put the band together. He held a blind audition for interested musicians. It was surprising 2. ________ he chose. He selected a guitarist who was a 70-year old. It made no difference 3. ________ he was old or young — the guy rocked!
They play mostly th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )eir own songs. Their style of music is unique. Eric is the one who writes the lyrics. In 2013 they had a number one hit. Cheering fans greet them everywhere. Their ability to appeal to mixed audiences is 4. ________ makes them different. They will start their national tour from San Jose this year. 5. ________ they go on this tour is 6. ________ they love the things they do.
It’s hard to say 7. ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) ________ makes a band successful. What matters most is 8. ________ the fans like the band’s songs and style. However, most people don’t realize 9. ________ long musicians work in the shadows before achieving recognition. Both talent and hard work are required if they want to achieve 10. ________ they dream of.
参考答案
I. 1. What; that 2. what; what 3. why 4. whether 5. how 6. whether
II. 1. How 2. who ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )/ whom 3. whether 4. what 5. Why 6. that
7. what 8. that 9. how 10. whatSENTENCE EXPLANATIONS
请和你的同学一起认真分析下面句子，并补全所缺内容。这种学习方式能逐步提高你理解长难句的能力。
1. Exactly when t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he first people arrived in what we now know as California, no one really knows. (P2)
【分析】
① 本句是一个主从复合句。
② 主句是no one really knows；when引导宾语从句，作knows的宾语。宾语从句提前，表示强调。
③ 在when引导的宾语从句中，what引导________从句，且在从句中作宾语。
【句意】最早一批人具体是在什么时候来到我们现在了解的加利福尼亚地区的，谁也说不清楚。
【仿写】经理具体是在什么时候查明了迈克所做的事的，我们也不清楚。
____________________________________________________________
2. Two centuri ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )es later, the Spanish had settled in most parts of South America and along the northwest coast of what we now call the United States. (P2)
【分析】
① 本句是一个主从复合句。
② 主句的主干是the Spanish ha ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d settled；in most parts of South America和along the northwest ... United States并列作地点状语。
③ what we now call th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e United States是宾语从句，作介词of的宾语，其中what在从句中作________的宾语。
【句意】两个世纪以后，西班牙人在南美洲的大部分地区定居下来，而且还在我们现在称之为美国的西北沿海地区住下来。
【仿写】 她对她所看到的事情感到震惊。
____________________________________________________________
3. Although Chinese im ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )migrants began to arrive during the Gold Rush Period, it was the building of the rail network from the west to the east coast that brought even larger numbers to California in the 1860s. (P2)
【分析】
① 本句是一个主从复合句。
② Although引导的是让 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )步状语从句；it was ... that ...是主句，是强调句，被强调部分是主句的主语the building of the rail network from the west to the east coast。
【句意】虽然中国移民在淘金热时期就开始到来了，但是更大批量的移民却是在19世纪60年代为了修建贯穿美国东西海岸的铁路而来的。
【仿写】就我而言，给我印象最深的是你的意志力而不是你所取得的成就。
____________________________________________________________
4. It is believed that ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) before long the mix of nationalities will be so great that there will be no distinct major racial or cultural groups, but simply a mixture of many races and cultures.
(P3)
【分析】
① 本句是一个主从复合句。
② 主句是It is believed；that引导________从句。
③ that从句中又包含so ... that引导的________从句。
【句意】人们认为，要不了多久，多种国籍的混合将会非常之大，以致于不可能存在一种主要的种族或文化群体，而只是多种族、多文化的混合体。
【仿写】据说他当时身体如此虚弱以致于几乎站不起来。
____________________________________________________________
参考答案
1.【分析】宾语
【仿写】Exactly w ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hen the manager found out what Mike had done, we really don’t know.
2.【分析】call
【仿写】She was shocked by what she had seen.
3.【仿写】As far ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )as I am concerned, it is your determination rather than what you have achieved that impresses me most.
4.【分析】主语；结果状语
【仿写】It’s said that ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) he was so weak that he could hardly stand up at that time.WORDS & EXPRESSIONS
occur
【归纳】 occur作不及物动词，意为“发生，出现”。如：
The crash occurred when the pilot shut down the wrong engine.
This small tree also occurs in central and southern India.
occur还可意为“（某想法）出现 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )在脑海，被想到”，常用于... occur to sb., It occurs to sb. to do sth.或It occurs to sb. that ...结构。如：
The thought of giving up never occurred to me.
It didn’t occur to her to ask how he’d found her.
It suddenly occurred to her that Joe was afraid of being alone.
【即学即练】 翻译下面句子。
1. 事故发生在昨天下午五点钟。
____________________________________________________________
2. 昨天吃晚饭的时候，我突然想到一个好主意。
____________________________________________________________
3. 我猜想你那时没想到报警。
____________________________________________________________
参考答案
occur
【即学即练】
1. The accident occurred at five o’clock yesterday afternoon.
2. A good idea occurred to me suddenly when I had supper yesterday.
3. I suppose it didn’t occur to you to phone the police at that time.
elect
【语境展示】阅读下面句子，并试着归纳elect的意思及用法。
1. He was elected to a US state governorship.
2. They elected Nixon (as) President.
3. My aunt elected ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) to take early retirement instead of moving to the new location.
【自我归纳】elect是及物动词， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )作“选举”（句1、句2）讲时，常构成搭配elect sb. ________ sth. （句1）或elect sb. (as) sth.（句2）；也可作“决定，选择”讲，常用于elect to do sth. 结构（句3）。
【即学即练】翻译下面句子。
1. 去年他被推选为总统。
_____________________________________
2. 露西决定当律师。
_____________________________________
3. 她是第一个被选进委员会的妇女。
_____________________________________
参考答案
elect
【自我归纳】to
【即学即练】
1. He was elected (as) President last year.
2. Lucy elected to become a lawyer.
3. She became the first woman to be elected to the committee.
take in
【语境展示】 阅读下面句子，并从a - e中找出与1 - 5中的take in相符合的释义。
1. This kind of fish takes in oxygen through a special organ.
2. Don’t tru ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )st that fellow. He will take you in if he gets the chance.
3. The kind old lady offered to take in the poor homeless stranger.
4. The lesson was too difficult for the class to take in.
5. The article takes in all aspects of the problem.
a. 留宿，收留 b. 欺骗 c. 包括，包含 d. 吸收 e. 理解，领会
【自我归纳】 通过观察上面 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )的句子，我们可以知道take in的意思分别为：1 → ________；2 → ________；3 → ________；4 → ________；5 → ________。
【拓展】常见的含take的短语还有：
take place发生 take up占据，开始从事，接受，继续
take off起飞，脱下，（事业）成功 take over接管，取代
【即学即练】 用含take的短语的正确形式填空。
1. The plane ________________ despite the fog just now.
2. Talks between the two sides are still ________________.
3. This book is ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )so difficult that I can’t ________________ what the author means.
4. When she fell ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ill her daughter ________________ the business from her.
5. The little time ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) I had outside of school was ________________ with work.
6. Don’t be ________________ by products claiming to help you lose weight in a week.
参考答案
take in
【自我归纳】 d；b；a；e；c
【即学即练】 1. took off ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) 2. taking place 3. take in 4. took over 5. taken up 6. taken in
keep up
【语境展示】阅读下面句子，并从a-e中找出与1-5中的keep up相符合的释义。
1. If this storm keeps up, the crops will be destroyed.
2. You have worked very well so far; keep it up.
3. They sang songs to keep their spirits up.
4. Slow down; I can’t keep up!
5. My grandfather was too poor to keep up his house.
a. 跟上（不落后） b. 继续下去，持续 c. 保持，继续（做某事）
d.（使）不下降，保持高昂 e. 维修（保持良好状态），保持，维护
【自我归纳】keep up在以上各句中的意思分别为：
1→________； 2→________； 3→________； 4→________；5→________。
【即学即练】翻译下面句子。
1. Bill had to work hard to keep up.
________________________________________________
2. The high cost of raw materials is keeping prices up.
________________________________________________
3. If we can kee ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )p up this speed, we should arrive there in about two days.
________________________________________________
参考答案
keep up
【自我归纳】1. b 2. c 3. d 4. a 5. e
【即学即练】
1. 比尔得努力才能不落后。
2. 原料费用昂贵使得产品价格居高不下。
3. 如果我们能保持这个速度，我们在两天之内就应到达那里。Book 8 Unit 1 CALIFORNIA
Pre-reading activities
Task I. Say something about American geography.
Task II. What do you know about Native Americans
Task III. Introduce the California Gold Rush briefly.
While-reading activities
Task I. Read the text and fill in the blanks in the chart.
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
Task II. Read the text and match the time with the events.
Time Events
1. 15,000 years ago A. Russians came to California.
2. in the 16th century B. Spanish began to settle in California.
3. in the 18th century C. Large numbers of Chinese came to California to build the railway.
4. in 1821 D. People from the world joined the gold rush in California.
5. in 1846 E. Native Americans were possibly living in California.
6. in the early 1800s F. The film industry was well established in Hollywood.
7. in 1848 G. California became one of the states of the USA.
8. in 1850 H. The natives were killed or forced into slavery by the Europeans.
9. in the 1860s I. Japanese came to California to do the farming.
10. in 1911 J. California became part of Mexico.
11. by the 1920s K. Danish people built their own town and spread their culture.
12. at the beginning of 20th century L. The war between the USA and Mexico broke out.
Task III. Read th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e text and put the following events in the correct order.
A. The native pe ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ople suffered greatly after the arrival of the Europeans.
B. Russian hunters came to Alaska.
C. The Spanish began to rule California.
D. Italian fishermen and wine makers arrived in California.
E. Native Americans came to California by crossing the Bering Strait.
F. The USA declared war on Mexico.
G. Gold was discovered in California.
H. Indians and Paki ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )stanis came to California for the computer industry.
________________________________________________________________
Post-reading activities
Task I. Write a summary of the text.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
Task II. In groups, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) make a brief yearbook for California. You can refer to Task III in while-reading activities.
Task III. Wh ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )at do you think of people’s going to California to realize their dreams of becoming rich Give your opinions.
Task IV. Discussi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )on. Do you like to live in a multicultural society or not Why
参考答案：
Pre-reading activities
Task I. 略
Task II. 略
Task III. 略
While-reading activities
Task I. 1. Bering Strait 2. land 3. Catholic 4. Russians 5. Asia 6. rail network 7. film 8. Africans 9. Koreans 10. cultures
Task II. 1-E 2-H 3-B 4-J 5-L 6-A 7-D 8-G 9-C 10-K 11-F 12-I
Task III. E→A→C→F→B→G→D→H
Post-reading activities
Task I.
Native Americans ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) are thought to have crossed the Bering Strait in the Arctic to get to America over a piece of land that existed in prehistoric times. Although many in California were killed or died of disease when the Spanish arrived in the 16th Century, there are more Native Americans there now than in any other state in America. In 1821 Mexico including California won independence from the Spanish. However in 1846 America took California away from Mexico in a war. Nevertheless Spain’s culture and language remained and today 40% of Californians speak Spanish as a second language. In 1848 gold was discovered, attracting South Americans, Asians and Europeans and later the building of railways brought Chinese workers, who settled in the “Chinatowns” of Los Angeles and San Francisco. Because immigration to California has never stopped and continues to this day, some believe that in the future it will have no majority racial or cultural group. (By Ray Cama)
Task II. 略
Task III. 略
Task IV. 略
