SENTENCE EXPLANATIONS
请和你的同学一起认真分析下面句子，并补全所缺内容。这种学习方式能逐步提高你理解长难句的能力。
1. To find out what young people think about the future of urban life, a teacher at a university in Texas in the United States asked his students to think how they would run a city of 50,000 people in the year 2025. (P2)
【分析】
①本句是一个主从复合句。
②主句是“主语（a teacher）+谓语（asked）+宾语（his students）+宾语补足语（to think）”结构。how引导宾语从句，作________的宾语。
③To find out ... urban life是不定式短语作目的状语，其中what引导宾语从句，作find out的宾语。
【句意】为了获知年轻人对未来城市生活的想法，美国得克萨斯州的一位大学老师让他的学生们思考如何管理一个在2025年拥有5万人口的城市。
【仿写】为了弄清楚为什么大部分学生没有通过考试，那位老师让所有学生都谈谈他们这个学期学到了什么。 ____________________________________________________________________________
2. To get rid of garbage problems, the city will load huge spaceships with waste materials and send them towards the sun, preventing landfill and environmental problems. (P2)
【分析】
①本句是一个简单句。
②句子的主语是the city，load和________是并列的谓语动词。
③To get rid of garbage problems是不定式短语作目的状语；preventing landfill and environmental problems是动词-ing形式短语作结果状语。
【句意】为了摆脱垃圾问题的困扰，城市将会用巨型宇宙飞船装载废弃材料，并发射到太阳，这样做防止了垃圾填埋和环境问题。
【仿写】为了按时完成工作，简放弃了看电影，整个周末都在工作，使得自己很疲倦。
____________________________________________________________________________
3. Everyone will be given a telephone number at birth that will never change no matter where they live. (P2)
【分析】
①本句是一个主从复合句。
②主句是“主语（Everyone）+谓语（will be given）+宾语（a telephone number）”结构。
③that引导限制性定语从句修饰先行词________；该定语从句中又包含一个由no matter where引导的让步状语从句。
【句意】每个人在出生时都会领到一个电话号码，无论他们生活在什么地方，这个号码都不会改变。
【仿写】爷爷有一只狗，无论他去哪儿，这只狗都跟着他。
____________________________________________________________________________
参考答案
1.【分析】think
【仿写】To find out why most of the students failed the exam, the teacher asked all students to talk about what they had learned in this term.
2.【分析】send
【仿写】To finish the work on time, Jane gave up going to the cinema and worked all weekend, making herself very tired.
3.【分析】telephone number
【仿写】Grandpa has a dog which always follows him no matter where he goes.GRAMMAR
将来进行时
【归纳】将来进行时的结构与具体用法如下表。
名称 结构 用法 例句
将来进行时 肯定形式：助动词shall / will + be +动词-ing形式（shall用于第一人称单、复数；will可用于各种人称）否定形式：助动词shall / will not + be +动词-ing形式 表示将来某一时刻或某段时间内发生的动作，常与表将来的时间状语连用。 This time next week, I shall / will be lying on the bed of my room.Don’t phone me between 7 and 8 pm. We will be having dinner then.
表示已经决定或安排好的要发生的动作或事情。 Will you be passing the bank when you are out Professor Blake will be giving a lecture tomorrow evening.
表示预料中要发生的动作。 The roses will be flowering next week.It’s already nine o’clock. He will not be sleeping now.
解释将来动作发生的原因。 I won’t be able to go to the movies with you because I shall / will be doing my homework.It’s no use trying to see him at six this evening because he will be giving a lesson then.
表示未来的结果。 If you don’t make a call, they will be wondering what has happened to you.If I fail to appear by 7 o’clock, I shall / will not be coming at all.
表示委婉的语气。 Will you be having some coffee If you will be wanting anything, just let me know.
【即学即练】
I. 用括号内动词的正确形式填空。
1. A: Is it next week that you’re on holiday
B: Yes. This time next week I ________ (sail) on the Pacific.
2. A: Where’s Mum I’m starving!
B: She’ll be back by eight. Wait and have dinner with us.
A: Eight! No way! I ________ (die) of starvation by then!
3. A: It ________ (rain) all day on Sunday, so the party will be in the house, not in the garden.
B: I think the party in the house won’t be so boring.
4. A: I’ve left my watch upstairs.
B: I ________ (go) to get it for you.
5. A: I ________ (arrive) at the station tomorrow morning.
B: OK. I ________ (wait) for you when your train arrives.
6. A: The holiday ________ (come). What are you planning to do
B: I'm going to travel to Hong Kong. Actually, I will be on the plane tonight, and this time tomorrow I ________ (shop) in the mall. What about you
A: You know I have always wanted to go to Sanya, so probably I ________ (lie) on a beach when you are shopping.
7. A: We are having a party tonight. Would you like to join us
B: I'd like to, but I'm afraid I ________ (babysit) my little brother this evening.
II. 选用括号内合适的内容完成下面短文。
In the future, robots 1. ________ (will be performing / are performing) more and more tasks for humans. This 2. ________ (will be having / will have) both positive and negative effects. On the other hand, humans 3. ________ (will be spending / is spending) more time on interesting pursuits (追求) with robots doing the boring and dangerous jobs. In this way robots are going to be making life a lot easier for humans. However, the widespread use of robots is going to create a lot of future unemployment. People 4. ________ (will be losing / have lost) their jobs as robots fill their positions. And some people predict that, before too long, robots 5. ________ (will be fighting / are fighting) in wars instead of people.
参考答案
I. 1. will / shall be sailing 2. will / shall be dying 3. will be raining
4. will / shall go 5. will / shall arrive；will / shall be waiting
6. is coming；will / shall be shopping；will / shall be lying
7. will / shall be babysitting
II. 1. will be performing 2. will have 3. will be spending 4. will be losing
5. will be fightingBook 4 Module 1 The City of the Future
Pre-reading activities
Task I. Name some materials that are needed to build a building.
Task II. Describe your ideal home in the future.
Task III. Are you satisfied with your city / town / village Why, or why not
While-reading activities
Task I. Read the text and fill in the blanks in the chart.
Task II. Read the text (Paragraph 3 to the end), and match the subtitles with its content.
Task III. Read the text and put the following things into the correct categories.
plastic, cinema, aluminum, steel, solar power, bowling, electricity, glass, softball, wind, concert, wood, paper
1. recycled materials: ______________________________________________
2. recreation: _____________________________________________________
3. new energy: ____________________________________________________
Task IV. Read the text and match the words or phrases with their similar meanings.
1. urban2. garbage3. sun4. mon A. solarB. ordinaryC. cityD. waste materialsE. distance surgery
Task V. Read the text and mark the sentences with “will be”, “will do” and “will be done”, paying attention to the meaning of “will”.
Post-reading activities
Task I. Write a summary of the text.
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
Task II.
Discussion. Read the text and put the predictions in the order of importance from the most important to the least important. Check the answer with your group members.
Task III. What can you do now to care for the environment Make a list and share it with your partner.
Task IV.
If you are invited to give some advice for a city government, what do you want to say
参考答案:
Pre-reading activities
Task I. 略
Task II. 略
Task III. 略
While-reading activities
Task I. 1. environment 2. alternative energy 3. smoking 4. new energy
5. convenience 6. Telesurgery 7. charge 8. Space travel
Task II. 1-F; 2-H; 3-J; 4-A; 5-C; 6-G; 7-B; 8-E; 9-I; 10-D
Task III. 1. plastic, aluminum, steel, glass, wood, paper
2. cinema, bowling, softball, concert
3. solar power, electricity, wind
Task IV. 1-C; 2-D; 3-A; 4-E; 5-B
Task V. 略
Post-reading activities
Task I.
What kind of future can we expect for our cities A university teacher in the US asked his students how they would run a city in the year 2025. Here are some of their ideas. Instead of burying it trash will be sent to the sun on huge garbage spaceships. Police will use Batman Nets to catch criminals instead of guns. No smoking will be allowed anywhere. All shopping will be done online. People will have telephone numbers for life. Everyone will enjoy free recreation facilities. Cars will be able to change color and will all run on electricity, solar or wind power. Doctors will use telesurgery to operate on patients many miles away. The elderly and disabled will enjoy virtual holidays and space travel will be available for ordinary citizens.
Task II. 略
Task III. 略
Task IV. 略WORDS & EXPRESSIONS
power
【语境展示】阅读下面句子，并试着归纳power的意思。
1. The ship was helpless against the power of the storm.
2. You should cut off the power before attempting to repair electrical equipment.
3. I had always believed such an achievement was beyond my power.
4. Does the President have more power than the Prime Minister
5. Nowadays electricity can be used to power buses and cars.
【自我归纳】
★power作名词时，意为：①力量（句1）；②电力（句2）；③能力（句3）；④权力（句4）。
★power作动词时，意为“________”（句5）。
【即学即练】翻译下面句子。
1. After the accident she lost the power of speech.
_________________________________________________
2. We need to provide industry with power it can afford.
_________________________________________________
3. All these modern educational equipments are powered by electricity.
__________________________________________
参考答案
power
【自我归纳】供给动力
【即学即练】
1. 事故后她失去了语言能力。
2. 我们需要为工业提供他们负担得起的电力。
3. 所有这些现代化的教学用具都是电动的。
limit
【语境展示】阅读下面句子，并试着归纳limit的意思及用法。
1. He had not been outside the limits of the town for 20 years.
2. There's a limit to how much I'm prepared to spend.
3. A lack of formal education will limit your job opportunities.
4. Families are limited to four free tickets each.
5. Violent crime is not limited to big cities.
【自我归纳】
★limit作名词时，意为：①范围，边界（句1）；②限制，限度（常与介词________连用）（句2）。
★limit作动词时，意为“限制，限定”（常用搭配：limit sb. / sth. to sth.）（句3-句5）。
【即学即练】翻译下面句子。
1. 她知道自己的权限。
_________________________________________________
2. 我限定自己每天喝两杯咖啡。
_________________________________________________
参考答案
limit
【自我归纳】to
【即学即练】
1. She knows the limits of her power.
2. I limit myself to two cups of coffee a day.
attach
【语境展示】阅读下面句子，并试着归纳attach的意思及用法。
1. The boy attached a rope to the tree.
2. Please attach a recent photograph to your application form.
3. We should attach importance to the question.
4. Let us not attach too much significance to these meetings.
【自我归纳】attach可意为 “系，附上” , 常用搭配为attach sth. ________ sth.（句1和句2）；也可意为“认为有（重要性、意义）”，常用搭配为attach importance / significance to sth.（句3）。
【即学即练】 翻译下面句子。
1. They attach much importance to education.
__________________________________________
2. The horse was attached to a tree.
__________________________________________
参考答案
attach
【自我归纳】 to
【即学即练】
1. 他们认为教育很重要。
2. 马被拴在一棵树上。
rely on
【语境展示】 阅读下面句子，并试着归纳rely on的意思及用法。
1. Don’t rely on chance; rely on yourself.
2. As babies, we rely on others for food.
3. They have to rely on the river for their water.
4. Can we rely on him to support us
5. These days we rely heavily on computers to organize our work.
【归纳】 rely on意为“依靠，依赖，指望”，常用搭配：rely on sb. / sth.（句1）；rely on sb. / sth. for sth.（句2和句3）；rely on sb. / sth. to do sth.（句4和句5）。
【即学即练】 翻译下面句子。
1. 你不能总是依赖别人的帮助。
_______________________________________________________
2. 我们不能指望他说实话。
_______________________________________________________
参考答案
rely on
【即学即练】
1. You can’t always rely on others’ help.
2. We can’t rely on him to tell the truth.
run out (of)
【语境展示】阅读下面句子，并试着归纳run out (of)的意思及用法。
1. On our way to Washington yesterday we ran out of gas.
2. Food supplies had run out towards the end of the trip.
3. I’m sorry to tell you that your passport has already run out.
【自我归纳】run out of 意为“用完”，表示主动意义，其主语一般是人（句1）。run out意为“________”时，是不及物短语动词，不用于被动语态，其主语多为物（句2）；还可意为“过期，失效”（句3）。
【拓展】其它表示“用完”的短语：use up后跟宾语，有被动语态；give out通常用物作主语，无被动语态。如：
He is always using up his money before pay day.
After a month their food supplies gave out.
【即学即练】每空填一词，使下列句子的意思相同或相近。
We ran out of coal, and had to burn wood.
=Coal ________ ________, and we had to burn wood.
=We ________ ________ coal, and had to burn wood.
run out (of)
【自我归纳】用完，耗尽
【即学即练】ran out / gave out; used up
