GRAMMAR
祈使句
祈使句是用来表示命令、指示、要求、建议、劝告等意义的特殊句式。祈使句可分为第二人称祈使句、第一人称祈使句和第三人称祈使句。
一、第二人称祈使句
第二人称祈使句指说话对象是第二人称you的祈使句，you常常被省略。其肯定形式为
“动词原形+其它成分”，否定形式为“Don’t / Never +动词原形+其它成分”。如：
Make yourself at home.
Don’t switch off the light!
Never say that!
注意：
☆第二人称祈使句之后可用附加疑问句，以加强语气。若祈使句为肯定形式，附加问句通常
用will you或won’t you；若祈使句为否定形式，附加问句则用will you。如：
Tell me the truth, will / won’t you
Don’t be late for the meeting, will you
☆第二人称祈使句表示强调或对比时，也可表示出主语。有时候表示出来的主语可以是everybody, somebody, anybody, nobody等不定代词。如：
You be quiet!
Nobody move!
☆肯定祈使句之前可用助动词do加强语气。如：
Do come in.
二、第一人称祈使句
如果说话人以自己为祈使对象，便可用第一人称祈使句，其肯定形式为“Let me / us +
动词原形+其它成分”。如果祈使对象包括说话人和听话人在内，则用“Let’s +动词原形+其它成分”。其否定形式可以在句首加Don’t，也可以在Let me / us或Let’s后加not。如：
Let me / us have a try.
Let’s consider ways of making it easier.
Don’t let me / us have to speak to you again.
Don’t let’s invite Gary to the party.
Let me / us not go!
Let’s not say anything about it until we have the facts.
注意：以Let me或Let us开头的第一人称祈使句，附加问句用will you或won’t you。以Let’s开头的祈使句，附加问句用shall we。如：
Let me / us have a look at that letter, will / won’t you
Let’s go shopping this afternoon, shall we
三、第三人称祈使句
第三人称祈使句是以说话人和听话人之外的人为祈使对象的祈使句。其肯定形式为“Let
+第三人称代词宾格（或名词短语）+动词原形+其它成分”；其否定形式在句首加Don’t。如：
Let him finish his homework before Monday.
Don’t let the kids go out.
【拓展】祈使句通常用在“祈使句+ and / or +陈述句”结构中，and / or前的祈使句表示的是一种条件，and / or后的分句则表示一种结果。如：
Do that again and I’ll call the police.
Hurry up or you’ll be late.
【即学即练】
I. 根据括号内的汉语提示补全下列句子。
1. __________________ (爱丽丝，今天你喂鸟), will you
2. __________________ (玛丽，请来这儿). Everybody else, stay where you are.
3. Let’s have a cup of coffee, __________________(好吗)
4. Don’t forget to phone me, __________________(好吗)
5. You clean the blackboard, __________________(好吗)
II. 根据汉语意思补全下面句子。
1. 你过来一下! 我有事情要告诉你。
_______________! I have something to tell you.
2. 下一次不要再迟到了。
_______________ again next time.
3. 琳达，今天你打扫房间，好吗？
Linda, you clean the room today, _______________
4. 我们喝一杯咖啡,好吗？
_______________, shall we
5. 快走，否则你就赶不上公共汽车了。
Go quick, _______________.
6. 我们不要告诉他发生了什么。
_______________ what happened.
III. 根据括号内的汉语提示补全下面对话。
David: Monica, I’m thirsty. 1. ____________________ (请给我一些喝的).
Monica: OK, here is a glass of milk.
David: I was just playing soccer and 2. ____________________ (让我喝一杯冰饮料吧).
Monica: 3. ____________________ (刚运动完，不要马上喝冰的东西). It’s not healthy.
David: Thanks. It doesn’t matter. I have been used to that.
Monica: OK. Here you are.
GRAMMAR
I.
1. Alice, you feed the bird today
2. Mary, come here 3. shall we
4. will you 5. will / won’t you
II. 1. You come here
2. Don’t be late
3. will / won’t you
4. Let’s have a cup of coffee
5. or you’ll miss the bus
6. Don’t let’s tell her / Let’s not tell her
III. 1. Give me something to drink please
2. let me have an iced drink
3. Don’t have a cold drink right after exercisingSENTENCE EXPLANATIONS
请和你的同学一起认真分析下面句子，并补全所缺内容。这种学习方式能逐步提高你理解长难句的能力。
1. Simply raise your hand, and a taxi appears in no time. (P12)
【分析】
①本句是一个由and连接的并列句。
②本句结构为：祈使句+ and +陈述句。
【句意】只要你招招手，马上就会有出租车开过来。
【仿写】只要努力，你一定会成功。
____________________________________________________________________________
2. However, there is also a night bus service, provided by buses with a number in the 200s. (P12)
【分析】
①本句是一个简单句。
②句子的主干是there is also a night bus service；provided by ... the 200s是动词-ed形式短语作后置定语，修饰________，其中with ... the 200s是介词短语作定语，修饰buses。
【句意】不过，也有夜班车，编号在200到300之间。
【仿写】突然出现了一个穿绿衣服的年轻女子，带着一个十几岁的男孩。
____________________________________________________________________________
3. You should talk to the driver, and make sure you know the price before you begin the journey, for example, if it is per person, single or return. (P13)
【分析】
①本句是一个主从复合句。
②you know ... the journey是宾语从句，作________的宾语，其中before ... journey是时间状语从句。
③for example, if it is ... or return是对price的补充说明。
【句意】你应该和司机沟通一下，确保坐车之前弄清楚价格，比如，价钱是否按人数计算，是单程还是往返双程。
【仿写】你应该和学生们沟通一下，确保上课之前弄清楚他们的情况，比如，他们是否能毫不费力地用英语交流。
____________________________________________________________________________
参考答案
1.【仿写】Work hard and you are sure to be successful.
2.【分析】night bus service
【仿写】Suddenly there appeared a young woman dressed in green, with a boy in his teens.
3.【分析】make sure
【仿写】You should talk to the students, and make sure you know their conditions before you begin the class, for example, if they can communicate in English without effort.WORDS & EXPRESSIONS
permit
【语境展示】阅读下面句子，并试着归纳permit的意思及用法。
1. My father would not permit the waste of a single drop of water.
2. We do not permit talking loudly in the office.
3. The system will not permit you to enter without the correct password.
4. Do you need a permit to work here
5. You can’t park here without a permit.
【自我归纳】 permit既可作动词，也可作名词。
☆作动词时，意为“允许，许可”，常用搭配：permit sth.（句1）；permit doing sth.（句2）；permit sb. ________ （句3）。
☆作名词时，意为“许可证，通行证” （句4和句5）。
【拓展】permission n. 允许，准许，许可
【即学即练】 翻译下面句子。
1. 他不允许我们现在离开。
____________________________________________________________
2. 在我的房间里不准抽烟。
____________________________________________________________
3. 没有通行证任何人都不能进入这座楼。
____________________________________________________________
参考答案
permit
【自我归纳】to do sth.
【即学即练】
1. He doesn’t permit us to leave now.
2. I don’t permit smoking in my room. / No smoking is permitted in my room.
3. Anyone can’t enter the building without a permit.
react
【语境展示】阅读下面句子，并试着归纳react的意思及用法。
1. How did he react to the suggestion
2. People can react badly to certain foods or drugs.
3. Calcium reacts with water but less violently than sodium and potassium do.
【自我归纳】react是动词，意为：①作出反应，回应（常与介词to连用）（句1）；②（对食物或药物）起反应（常与介词to连用）（句2）；③起化学反应（常与介词________连用）（句3）。
【拓展】react against意为“反对，反抗”。如：
Many young people react against traditional values.
【即学即练】用适当的介词填空。
1. Tracy reacts very badly ________ seafood.
2. Marcus reacted strongly ________ the art music of his time.
3. He did not know how to react ________ her change in attitude.
4. Under normal conditions, these two gases react ________ each other to produce carbon dioxide and water.
参考答案
react
【自我归纳】with
【即学即练】1. to 2. against 3. to 4. with
get around
【语境展示】阅读下面句子，并从a-c中选出与各句中的get around相符合的中文释义。
1. We had to use public transport to get around.
2. I think we should be able to get around most of these problems.
3. News got around that the department might be closed.
a. （消息）传开 b. 到处旅行，四处走动 c. 绕开，避开
【自我归纳】通过观察上面的句子，我们发现get around在各句中的中文释义分别是：
1 — ________，2 — ________，3 — ________。
【即学即练】翻译下面句子。
1. The story has got around — everyone knows about it.
____________________________________________________________
2. She doesn’t get around much these days because she is ill.
____________________________________________________________
参考答案
get around
【自我归纳】1-3 bca
【即学即练】
1. 这件事已经传开了，每个人都知道了。
2. 近来她由于生病不大各处走动。
