Book 8 Module 1 Antarctica: the Last Continent
Pre-reading activities
Task I. How many continents are there in the world What are they
Task II. Say some words related with Antarctica.
Task III. Is it possible for people to live in Antarctica
While-reading activities
Task I. Read the text and fill in the blanks in the chart.
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )Task II. Read the text and find the supporting information for the main ideas.
1. The Antarctica is the driest place. A. Some of them may provide evidence of outer space life.
2. The wildlife has adapted to its extreme conditions. B. Twelve countrie ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s signed a treaty in 1961 to make Antarctica a nature reserve.
3. The extreme cond ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )itions mean that few types of plants can survive there. C. The yearly rainfall there is almost zero.
4. The long-existing ice has become a window on the past. D. People ca ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n know something about the world’s climate in the past by studying the gases and minerals.
5. Antarctic rocks are important for research. E. Only two kinds of flowering plants can be found.
6. Antarctica was the last continent to be discovered. F. You can find different types of penguins, flying birds, etc.
7. The internatio ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nal friendship has become the main trend to replace the rivalry. G. In 1895, a Norwegian set foot on the Antarctic mainland.
8. Antarctic ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )a has become the symbol of peaceful development of mankind. H. Most countries of the world have signed the treaty.
Task III. Read th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e text and fill in the blanks with the figures in the box.
15th, 1895, 80%, 18th, 182, 70%, 1961, 5, 1911, thousands of
1. In Antarctica, ________ of the fresh water is in a frozen state.
2. In some areas ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ), in Antarctica, the ice can be as thick as ________ kilometres.
3. The winter night in Antarctica can last ________ days.
4. Most of the ic ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e in Antarctica has existed there for ________ years.
5. The continent of America was discovered in the ________ century.
6. James Cook ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) travelled across the Antarctica Circle in the ________ century.
7. Carstens Bor ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )chgrevink landed on the Continent of Antarctica in ________.
8. People reached the South Pole in the year of ________.
9. In ________, some c ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ountries signed a treaty to make Antarctica a nature reserve.
10. ________ of th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e world’s population has been involved in the Antarctica protection.
Post-reading activities
Task I. Belo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )w is the summary of the text with some words or phrases missing. Choose the words or phrases from the box and make the summary complete.
two, trees, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )coldest, frozen, last, wildlife, past ages, nature reserve
The 5th largest co ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ntinent, Antarctica, is also the 1. ________ and driest. Most of the world’s ice and its fresh water, which is 2. ________, can be found there. Much of it is covered in ice several kilometers thick. Strong winds and mountains cutting it in 3. ________ make it an even more difficult place to live in. Yet it is full of 4. ________. However because of its 182-day winter night, there are few plants and no 5. ________. The ice has been there for thousands of years and so can tell scientists much about 6. ________ and meteorites there can tell them about life far from earth. It was the 7. ________ continent to be discovered. The Ancient Greeks believed it existed but not until 1895 did someone set foot on it. Today most countries have agreed to keep it free from nuclear testing and ownership, making Antarctica the world’s biggest 8. ________. (By Ray Cama)
Task II. Make a lis ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t of reasons to show that Antarctica is inhospitable.
Task III. Retell the process of the discovery of Antarctica.
Task IV. What can people do to protect the environment of Antarctica
参考答案
Pre-reading activities
Task I. 略
Task II. 略
Task III. 略
While-reading activities
Task I. 1. 14 millio ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n 2. 98% 3. penguins 4. algae 5. outer space 6. James Cook 7. 1961 8. radioactive waste
Task II. 1. C 2. F 3. E 4. D 5. A 6. G 7. B 8. H
Task III. 1. 70% 2 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ). 5 3. 182 4. thousands of 5. 15th 6. 18th 7. 1895 8. 1911 9. 1961 10. 80%
Post-reading activities
Task I. 1. coldest 2. ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) frozen 3. two 4. wildlife 5. trees 6. past ages 7. last 8. nature reserve
Task II. 略
Task III. 略
Task IV. 略SENTENCE EXPLANATIONS
请和你的同学一起认真分析下面句子，并补全所缺内容。这种学习方式能逐步提高你理解长难句的能力。
1. A high mountain ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) range, the Trans-Antarctic range, runs from east to west, cutting the continent in two. (P2)
【分析】
① 这是一个简单句。结构为“主语（A high mountain range）+谓语（runs）”。
② the Trans-Antarctic range是A high mountain range的同位语。
③ cutting the continent in two是动词-ing形式短语作________语。
【句意】一条横贯南极洲的山脉, 从东到西将南极洲分为两半。
【仿写】一条河从东向西流过该古镇，将之分为两半。
__________________________________________________________________________
2. Strong winds d ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )riven by gravity blow from the pole to the coastline, while other winds blow round the coast. (P2)
【分析】
① 这是一个主从复合句。
② 主句的主要结构是：主语（Strong winds）+谓语（blow）+状语（from the pole to the
coastline），driven by gravity是过去分词短语作________语。
③ while引导的是时间状语从句，其中的round the coast作________语。
【句意】受地球重力的影响，会有暴风从极地吹向海岸线，同时也有其他方向吹来的风。
3. But the long An ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )tarctic winter night, which lasts for 182 days (the longest period of continuous darkness on earth), as well as the extreme cold and lack of rainfall, means that few types of plants can survive there. (P2)
【分析】
①本句是一个主从复合句；
②主句中，as well as连接 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )两个并列的名词短语the long Antarctic winter night和the extreme cold and lack of rainfall作主语，谓语动词是means，与as well as前的名词一致；
③which引导非限制性 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )定语从句，补充说明the long Antarctic winter night，且在从句中作________语；括号中的内容是对182 days的解释说明；
④that引导宾语从句作means的宾语。
【句意】但是南极洲冬天的夜晚长达182天（地球上持续时间最长的黑暗时期），气候极度寒冷，降水极少，这意味着很少有植物能够在这里生存。
【仿写】不断回升的气温以及随处可见的野花意味着春天来了。
_____________________________________________________________________________
2. Gases and min ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )erals, in the form of volcanic dust trapped in the ice, can tell us a lot about what the world’s climate was like in past ages. (P2)
【分析】
①本句是一个主从复合句；
②主句是“主语（Gases and ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) minerals）+谓语（can tell）+间接宾语（us）+直接宾语（a lot）”结构；what引导宾语从句，作介词about的宾语；
③in the form of vo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )lcanic dust trapped in the ice是介词短语作后置定语，修饰________；其中trapped in the ice是动词-ed形式短语作后置定语，修饰volcanic dust。
【句意】这些以火山灰的形式封冻进冰层里的气体和矿物质可以告诉我们很多关于远古时期全球气候的状况。
【仿写1】许多富人以金钱形式的捐赠对一些贫困乡村建造学校有很大帮助。
_____________________________________________________________________________
【仿写2】卡尔不在意别人对他的看法。
_____________________________________________________________________________
参考答案
1.【分析】伴随状
【仿写】A river runs ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) through the old town from east to west, cutting it in two.
2.【分析】定；地点状
3.【分析】主
【仿写】The risi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ng temperature, as well as the wild flowers that can be seen here and there, means that spring is here.
4.【分析】Gases and minerals
【仿写1】Donations, in t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he form of money given by many rich people, help some poor villages a lot in building schools.
【仿写2】Carl doesn’t care about what other people think of him.GRAMMAR
主语
主语是一个句子的主题，一般位于句首。可用作主语的有单词，短语、从句及句子。
1）名词用作主语。如：
Video games can be a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) poor influence if left in the wrong hands. (2015年湖南卷单项填空)
2）代词可用作主语，当不定代词用作主语时，谓语动词常用单数形式。如：
You must be careful w ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ith the camera. It costs! (2015年四川卷单项填空)
The meeting will be h ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )eld in September, but nobody knows the date for sure.
(2015年重庆卷单项填空)
3）数词用作主语。如：
Three is enough.
4）名词化的形容词用作主语。如：
The old feel the cold weather more than the young.
5）副词用作主语。如：
Now is the time.
6）名词化的介词用作主语。如：
The ups and downs of life must be taken as they come.
7）不定式可用作主语。如：
To find your way can be a problem.
8）动词-ing形式用作主语时，谓语动词常用单数形式。如：
Some exper ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ts think reading is the fundamental skill upon which school education depends. (2015年安徽卷单项填空)
9）名词化的动词-ed形式用作主语。如：
The disabled are to receive more money.
10）介词短语用作主语。如：
From my home to the museum was a ten-minute ride on the bus.
11）it可用作形式主语，真正的主语常是不定式或从句。如：
See, your compu ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ter has broken down again! It doesn’t make sense to buy the cheapest brand of computer just to save a few dollars. (2015年天津卷单项填空)
It remains to be ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )seen whether the newly formed committee’s policy can be put into practice. (2013年陕西卷单项填空)
12）从句用作主语时，谓语动词常用单数形式。如：
How we understand ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) things has a lot to do with what we feel. （2015北京 卷单项填空）
13）句子用作主语。如：
“How do you do ” is a greeting.
说明：以上所选高考真题形式有所改动。
【即学即练】
I. 写出下列句子中的主语。
1. At the North Pole t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he sun does not shine for half a year. ( )
2. The boys a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nd the girls are planning a dance. ( )
3. Growing roses is one of my hobbies. ( )
4. What Dian ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )a saw gave her a little fright. ( )
5. It’s a waste of ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )time to talk with Gary about it. ( )
II. 用括号中动词的适当形式填空。
1. Two fifths of the cattle (sell) in the city so far.
2. Three fifths of ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the land in this district (cover) with trees and grass.
3. Her family (be) very big and all of her family (be) fond of music.
4. Not only I but al ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )so Jim and Mary (be) tired of having one examination after another.
5. I think this pair of shoes (go) well with your suit.
6. It is no use ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) (get) worried about such things; we can work them out together.
7. —Where is the broom, Tom
—I (put) it behind the door. But now it is gone.
8. Once harm (do) to the environment, it takes years to have the system recovered.
9. To do two things at a time (be) to do neither.
10. At present, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) one of the arguments for building the new airport (be) that it will bring lots of jobs.
III. 根据括号内的汉语提示补全下面句子。
1. ______________________________ (年轻人) should learn to respect the old.
2. ______________________________ (“熟能生巧”) is my favorite English saying.
3. ______________________________ (多少人死于那场战争) was never announced.
4. It hasn’t been fixed ______________________________ (英语晚会何时举行).
IV. 选用方框内合适的单词并用其正确形式填空（每个单词限用一次）。
be, he, idea, it, leaf, proverb, what
Chinese 1. ________ are rich and they are still widely used in Chinese people’s daily life. Behind them there are often interesting stories. For example, “pulling up crops to help them grow” is a proverb based on the following story.
2. ________ is said that a man in the Song Dynasty was very anxious to help his rice crops grow quickly. 3. ________ was thinking about this day and night. But they were growing much slower than he expected.
One day, a(n) 4 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ). ________ came into his mind that he would pull all of the crops up by a few inches. He did this the next day. He was very tired after doing this for a whole day, but 5. ________ made him happy was that the crops did look higher.
His son heard ab ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )out this and went to see the crops. Unfortunately the 6. ________ of the crops soon began to wither (枯萎).
This proverb tells us ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )to let things follow their natural course. 7. ________ too anxious to help an event develop sooner often results in the contrary to our intention.
参考答案
I. 1. the sun 2. The boys and the girls 3. Growing roses 4. What Diana saw
5. 形式主语为It；真正的主语为to talk with Gary about it
II. 1. have been so ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ld 2. is covered 3. is; are 4. are 5. goes 6. getting
7. put 8. is / has been done 9. is 10. is
III. 1. The young / ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )Young people 2. “Practice makes perfect” 3. How many people were killed in the war 4. when the English party will be held
IV. 1. proverbs 2. It 3. He 4. idea 5. what 6. leaves 7. BeingWORDS & EXPRESSIONS
adapt
【语境展示】阅读下面句子，注意并归纳adapt的意思。
1. Max, a man who writes plays, adapted the book for television.
2. The radio play had been adapted from a novel.
3. It’s amazing how soon you adapt.
4. The children are finding it hard to adapt to the new school.
5. How do these insects adapt themselves to new environments
【自我归纳】adapt作动词，意为：① ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )改编（常用搭配：adapt sth. for sth.; be adapted from sth.） (句1-句2)；② ________（常用搭配：adapt oneself to sth.; adapt to sth.）（句3-句5）。
【即学即练】用适当的介词填空。
1. Davies is busy ad ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )apting the famous writer’s latest novel ________ radio.
2. The good th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ing about children is that they adapt very easily ________ new environments.
参考答案
adapt
【自我归纳】（使）适应
【即学即练】1. for 2. to
trap
【语境展示】阅读下面句子，并试着归纳trap的意思及用法。
1. About 10 miners were trapped in the coal mine.
2. He was br ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ave enough to save the two children who were trapped inside the burning car.
3. The bread helped me trap the mouse.
4. Think carefully b ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )efore you answer his questions. Otherwise, you may get trapped by him.
5. Sand and leaves trapped the water in the stream.
6. When I came close, I found a wolf caught in a trap.
7. The police set traps to make the thief tell where the money was.
8. The soldiers fell into the enemy’s trap and were killed.
【自我归纳】
trap作动词，主要含义有：
★ ，通常用被动语态（句1、句2）；
★（用陷阱、夹子等）捕获（句3）；
★ 使陷入圈套（句4）；
★ （句5）。
trap作名词，主要含义有：
★ 陷阱，夹子，捕捉器（句6）；
★ （句7、句8）。
【即学即练】用trap翻译下面句子。
1. 电梯出故障了，我们被困在了里面。
_______________________________________
2. 消防队员正在营救那些被困在废墟下的人们。
_______________________________________
3. 为了留存和使用那些热量他设计了一种新型的房子。
_______________________________________
4. 他在森林里靠捕捉小动物和小鸟活了下来。
_______________________________________
5. 那只狐狸一只脚被夹子夹住了。
_______________________________________
参考答案
trap
【自我归纳】使陷入困境；储存, 留存；计谋，圈套，诡计
【即学即练】
1. The lift broke down and we were trapped inside it.
2. The firefighters ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) are rescuing those (who are) trapped under the ruins.
3. He designed a new type of house to trap and use the heat.
4. He survived in the forest by trapping small animals and birds.
5. The fox got its foot caught in a trap.
set foot on
【语境展示】阅读下面句子，并试着归纳set foot on的意思。
1. Emily had never before set foot on French soil.
2. No man has ever set foot on that small rocky island.
【自我归纳】通过观察上面的句子，我们发现set foot on意为“________”。
【拓展】set foot in到达，进入 set foot out of走出
【即学即练】根据括号内所给的汉语提示补全下列句子（每空一词）。
1. Who was the firs ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t man to ________ ________ ________ (踏上) the moon
2. Mom told me n ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ot to ________ ________ ________ ________ (走出) the house until I finished my homework.
参考答案
set foot on
【自我归纳】踏上，到达
【即学即练】1. set foot on 2. set foot out of
promote
【语境展示】阅读下面句子，并试着归纳promote的意思及用法。
1. William ou ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ght to be promoted in the company but he still holds the same post.
2. Our teacher has been promoted to headmaster.
3. The Prime Mini ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ster’s visit will promote cooperation between the two countries.
4. Advertising ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) companies are always having to think of new ways to promote products.
【自我归纳】promote是及物动词， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )意为：①提升，提拔（常与介词________连用）（句1、句2）；②促进，增进（句3）；③推销（句4）。
【拓展】promotion n. 推销，促进，提升
【即学即练】翻译下面句子。
1. 她工作很努力，很快便获得提拔。
____________________________________________
2. 该组织致力于促进各国之间的友谊。
_____________________________________________
参考答案
promote
【自我归纳】to
【即学即练】
1. She worked hard and was soon promoted.
2. The organisation works to promote friendship between nations.
in case of
【归纳】in case of意为：①以防；②如果，万一。如：
I keep an umbrella here in case of rain.
In case of my not being there, ask my brother to help you.
【拓展】其他含case的短语
in case 如果，以防万一，免得 in any case 无论如何，不管怎样
in that case假若是那样的话 in no case 决不，在任何情况下都不
【即学即练】根据括号内的汉语提示补全下面句子（每空一词）。
1. ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ (如果有任何困难), call me at once.
2. I don’t t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hink I’ll need any money but I’ll bring some ________ ________ (以防万一).
参考答案
in case of
【即学即练】1. In case of any difficulty 2. in case
