基础知识定位
语法 能正确使用Why don’t you...?句型表达建议 能正确使用连词until,so that,although
课标词语 allow允许;准许 wrong有毛病的;错误的 guess猜测;估计deal 协议;交易;relation关系;联系;交往communication 交流;沟通 argue争吵;争论cloud 云朵;云 elder年纪较长的 instead代替;反而;却 whatever任何;每一 nervous焦虑的;担忧的offer 主动提供;自愿给予 proper 恰当的;正确的 secondly第二;其次 communicate交流;沟通 explain 解释;说明 clear清楚易懂的;晴朗的 copy抄袭;模仿;复制;复印 return归还;回答;返回 anymore adv.(不)再;再也(不)
member 成员;分子 pressure压力 compete竞争;对抗 opinion看法;意见;想法 skill技艺;技巧 typical典型的football足球 quick快的;迅速的;时间短暂的 continue继续存在;持续 compare比较 crazy疯狂的;不理智的 push鞭策;督促;推动development 成长;发展;发育 cause 造成;引起 usual通常的;寻常的 perhaps可能;大概;也许
look through 浏览;快速查看 big deal重要的事 work out成功地发展;解决 get on with和睦相处;关系良好 cut out删除;删去 compare...with...比较;对比 in one’s opinion依...看
Section A
1.I have too much homework so I don’t have any free time to do things I like.
I like是省略关系代词that/which的定语从句,修饰先行词things。由于先行词是“事物”,如果带上关系代词,用that或者which都可以。由于关系代词在该从句中作like的宾语,因此也可以省略。
I like the book(that/which) you gave me.
我喜欢你送我的那本书。
The gift(that/which)Linda gives me is very expensive.
琳达送我的那份礼物非常贵。
2.My parents don’t allow me to hang out with my friends.
(1)句中用了“allow sb(宾语)to do sth(宾补)”结构,表示“允许某人做某事”。allow作及物动词,意为“允许”,接动词作宾补时动词必须变为动词不定式。动词不定式是由sb发出的动作。
We allow you to have a break.我们允许你休息。
I allow them to stay here.我允许他们待在这里。
知识拓展:allow还可以接名词、代词、V-ing作宾语,不能接动词不定式作宾语。
The facts allow no other explanation. 事实不允许有其他的解释。
We don’t allow eating in the classrooms. 我们不允许在教室吃饭。
(2)hang out with是动词短语,表示“和......闲逛”,常接表示“人”的词作宾语。
I sometimes hang out with him.我有时和他一起闲逛。
I like hanging out with my friends.我喜欢和我的朋友们一起闲逛。
3.I have too many after-school classes.
too many意为“太多”,要修饰复数名词。它修饰复数名词作主语时谓语要用复数形式。
There are too many people here.这里有太多的人。
Too many children like watching this movie.太多小孩喜欢看这部电影。
4.I got into a fight with my best friend.
句中用了get into a fight with sb短语(got是get的过去式),表示“与某人吵架(打架)”,可以与have a fight with sb互换。
I don’t want to get into/have a fight with you.我不想和你吵架。
Peter got into/had a fight with Kent yesterday.彼得昨天和肯特打架了。
知识拓展:fight作不及物动词时构成短语fight with sb,表示“与某人吵架(打架)”,可以与get into/have a fight with sb互换。
I fight with him almost every day.
=I get into/have a fight with him almost every day.我几乎每天都和他吵架。
5.What’s wrong
这是交际用语,表示“怎么了?”,在此用于询问对方遇到了什么困难或麻烦,相当于“What’s the matter?”对方回答时要用陈述自己遇到了何种困难或麻烦。
—What’s wrong(the matter) 怎么了?
—I break this cup.我打破了这个杯子。
—What’s wrong(the matter) 怎么了?
—I doesn’t pass the exam.我没有通过考试。
6.I’m really tired because I studied until midnight last night.
在because引导的原因状语从句中,until midnight是until引导的介词短语作时间状语。until作介词时有如下两种用法。
(1)用在肯定句中,谓语要用延续性动词或 be动词,表示“直到……时为止”。
She was sick in bed until yesterday.
她一直生病卧床休息到昨天为止。
He worked until midnight.他一直工作到半夜。
用在否定句中,谓语多用短暂性动词,表示“直到……才……”。
She will not come until12 o’clock.
她要到 12点才会来。
He didn’t go to bed until 11 o’clock last night.
他昨晚直到11点钟才上床睡觉。
考点:until作介词用在肯定句中表示“直到......时为止”的含义。
We’re leaving tomorrow. We will be away _______ next Friday.
A. from B. until C. on D. since
解析:题干意为“我们明天离开。我们将_____下周五时都不在。”分析题干,We will be away 为肯定句,be away是延续性动词短语,对比选项,until引导的时间状语用于肯定句时,until意为“直到...时为止”,和题干意思相吻合,因此选B。
7.Why don’t you go to sleep earlier this evening
【句型】Why don’t you+动词原形+其他?表示“为何你不.......呢?”
该句型用于提出建议或征求对方的意见,可以与句型“Why not+动词原形+其他?”互换。
Why not go swimming now
= Why don’t you go swimming now 为什么不现在去游泳呢?
8.I found my sister looking through my things yesterday.
found my sister looking through my things用的是find sb(宾语)doing sth(宾补)结构,表示“发现某人正在做某事”。looking through my things是look through的V-ing形式,作宾语补足语,是由my sister发出的动作,此时该动作正在进行。
I find him reading books in the library. 我发现他正在图书馆看书。
I find Linda copying Ann’s homework.我发现琳达在抄安的家庭作业。
知识归纳:
(1)句子结构为sb+find+that引导的宾语从句时,如果宾语从句的主语和主句主语不同,而且从句用了进行时,可以将该复合句转换为sb+find+sb/sth+V-ing结构。
I find(that)there is a boy lying on the road.
=I find a boy lying on the road. 我发现路上躺着一个男孩。
(2)look through是“不及物动词+介词”类型的短语,意为“翻阅、查看”,常接表示“物品”的词作宾语。
Look through your notes before the examination.考试前翻阅你的笔记。
I usually look through newspapers after supper.
我通常晚饭后翻阅一下报纸。
考点:look through表示“翻阅”。
Here is the book. First ______it and then tell me what you think of it.
A. look into B. look through C. look up D. look after
解析:题干意为“这里有书。首先_____它,然后告诉我你觉得它怎么样。”结合句意和选项,可知应填表示“翻阅”的look through,故选B。
干扰项分析:look into表示“调查”,look up表示“查找”(指查找词语的含义),look after表示“照顾”,放在题干中造成语义矛盾,排除ACD。
9.I guess you could tell her to say sorry.
(1)I guess是主句,也是美式英语,表示“我想”,相当于“I think”,用于陈述自己的观点或建议。
I guess(that)he will come.我想他回来。
I guess(that)they will win the match.我想他们会赢得这场比赛。
(2)宾语从句中用了say sorry短语,表示“道歉”,如果要说明道歉的对象,可在其后加上to sb。
You should say sorry to Lucy.你应该跟露西道歉。
Don’t say sorry to me.不要跟我道歉。
10.But why don’t you forget about it
forget about是动词短语,意为“忘记、忘掉”,指不把某人或某事放在心上。
The drugs makes him forget about his family.毒品使他忘记了自己的家庭。
Don’t forget about us.不要忘记我们。
11.Although she’s wrong,it’s not a big deal.
(1)although是连词,意为“尽管”,引导让步状语从句,此时不能与表示转折but、however连用。
Although it is snowing, it is not very cold.
虽然下着雪,但并不是很冷。
Although I was only six, I can remember seeing it on TV.
虽然当时我只有6岁,我还能记得在电视上看见过它。
(2)a big deal意为“重要的事情或状态”,用在否定句中时表示说话人并不认为某事有什么了不起。
There is a soccer game on TV this afternoon but I don’t have to watch it.It is not a big deal.
下午电视上有一场足球赛,但是我不必看。没什么大不了的。
They're least bothered about any emotional commitments.So for them, cheating is not a big deal.
他们很少因为情感上的承诺而烦恼。因此对于他们来说,欺骗没什么大不了的。
12.Hope things work out.
这是表达祝福的省略句,完整句为“I hope things will work.”work out在此为“不及物动词+副词”类型的短语,意为“解决(问题)、改善(状况)”。
Don’t worry.Things will work out.别担心。事情会慢慢解决的。
I believe all the trouble can work out.我相信所有的麻烦都能解决。
知识拓展:work out作“及物动词+副词”类型的短语,意为“算出、解决”,常接表示“问题”的词作宾语。它接名词时名词放在out前后都可以,接代词时要放在out之前。
Can you work this problem out?你能算出这道题吗?
Although this math problem is difficult, I work it out at last.
尽管这道数学题很难,但我最后还是解决了。
13.My problem is that I can’t get on with my family.
(1)that I......family是that引导的表语从句。that引导表语从句时没有含义,只起连接作用,但不能省略。
My dream is that I can go to college.我的梦想是我能上大学。
The reason is that you don’t trust her. 原因是你不信任她。
(2)get on with是动词短语,意为“和睦相处、关系良好”,要接表示“人”的词作宾语。该短语可以与get along with互换。
Do you get on/along with your classmates 你和班上同学相处得好吗
I get on/along with those children.我和那些孩子相处得不错。
知识拓展:get on with sth的用法
1)表示“在......方面有进展”,可以与get along with sth互换。
How is he getting on/along with the novel he is writing 他正在创作的那部小说进展如何
2)表示“接着做”,可以与go on with sth互换。
Get/Go on with your homework!继续做你的家庭作业!
14.Relations between my parents have become difficult.
(1)relation在此为可数名词,意为“关系”,文中用的是复数形式relations。该词用于描述人、团体、国家之间的关系时常指共事或交流。
They redetermined the relation between them.
他们重新确定了他们之间的关系。
Greece has established full diplomatic relations with Israel.
希腊已经和以色列建立了全面的外交关系。
(2)have become是现在完成时态结构,由“have +become的过去分词”构成,表示become这个动作已经完成。become在此为连系动词,意为“变成”,可以接形容词以及名词作表语(名词前面通常用冠词修饰,颜色类形容词除外)。它主要指一个人暂时性的身心变化或永久性的自然变化,还可以表示天气的变化以及社会的趋势。
He has become a robbery. 他成为了一个抢劫犯。
It becomes hotter.天气变得更热了。
15.It is the only communication they have.
【注释1】they have是省略关系代词that的定语从句,修饰先行词the only communication。由于先行词是事物而且含有only,如果带上关系词,只能用that,不用which。又由于关系代词在该从句中作have的宾语,因此可以省略;如果它在定语从句中作主语,则不能省略。
The only thing(that)we can do is to give away these books.我们唯一能做的是捐出这些书。
Remember:the only thing that can come out of your mouth is something you already know.
记住:从你嘴巴里面说出来的唯一的东西就是你早就已经知道的东西。
考点:先行词是事物而且含有only,其后的定语从句缺主语或宾语,该定语从句要用that引导。
“Underground”is the only word in the English language _____ begins and ends with the letters“und”.
A. what B. that C. who D. whom
解析:分析题干,可知_______ begins ...letters “und”是定语从句修饰先行词the only word,由于先行词是事物而且含有only,所填关系词在该从句中作主语,此时关系代词要用that,故选B。
【注释2】communication在此作不可数名词,意为“交流”。
Everything you do is based on some type of communication.
你做的每件事都建立在某个交流形式的基础上。
The Internet is not merely a kind of way of communication. It's a hi-tech product that is changing our way of life.
互联网不只是一种交流、通讯的方式。它是高科技的产物,正在改变我们的生活方式。
知识拓展:communication作可数名词时意为“通讯手段”,常以复数形式出现。
Modern communications allow more people to work from home.
现代通讯手段使更多的人可以在家里工作。
16.I don’t know if I should say anything to them about this.
if I should......this是if引导的名词性从句,作don’t know的宾语。if意为“是否”,引导宾语从句时从句要用陈述语序。
I want to know if he lives there.我想知道他是否住在那儿。
I wonder if you can help me.我想知道你是否能够帮我。
妙辨异同:whether和if引导宾语从句的异同点
相同点:它们都意为“是否”,引导宾语从句时从句都用陈述语序,通常可以互换使用。
He asked me whether/if I could help him. 他问我我是否可以帮他。
不同点:
(1)whether可以直接接or not,也可以把or not放在句末。if不能和or not直接连用。
I don’t know whether/if he will help me or not. 我不知道他是否会帮我。
Please tell me whether or not you will come.请告诉我你是否会来。
(2)在介词后面要用whether,不用if。
It depends upon whether you can finish the task on time.这取决于你能否按时完成这个工作。
17.When they argue,it’s like a big,black cloud hanging over our home.
【注释1】在when引导的时间状语从句中,argue作不及物动词,意为“争吵、争辩”。表示“与某人争吵”用argue with sb。表示“就某事争吵”用argue about/over sth。
Don’t argue with your mother.不要与你的母亲争吵。
They are arguing over/about money.他们正在为钱而争吵。
知识拓展:argue作及物动词时常构成下列结构:
(1)argue+that引导的宾语从句表示“认为......”(argue比think客观)
We argue that she is right.我们认为她是对的。
(2)argue sb into doing sth表示“尽力劝说某人做某事”。
We argued him into traveling with us.我们尽力劝他同我们去旅游。
【注释2】it’s like......our home是主句。
(1)it作指示代词,指父母的争吵。
(2)like...... home是like引导的介词短语,作is的表语(此处用的是is的缩写)。like在此作介词,意为“像”,是明喻的修辞手法,把父母的争吵比作乌云,使表达生动。
Your face is like a red apple.你的脸就像红苹果。
(3)不定冠词、big和black一起作定语修饰cloud。表示“大小”和“颜色”的形容词共同修饰名词时,大小类形容词要放在颜色类形容词之前,也可以不用逗号隔开它们。cloud在此为可数名词,意为“云、云朵”,对应的形容词是cloudy,意为“多云的”。
Look at the black clouds in the sky.看空中的乌云。
It is cloudy today.今天天气多云。
小贴士:句子中有多个形容词一起修饰名词时,要遵循的排列顺序为:限定词(冠词/指示形容词/形容词性物主代词/名词所有格’s结构)+数词+描绘性形容词+大小形容词+形状形容词+新旧年龄形容词+颜色形容词+国籍(产地)+材料(用途)
a nice long new black British plastic pen一支漂亮的长的新的黑色的英国塑料钢笔。
(4)hanging over our home是由hang over的V-ing短语,作后置定语修饰cloud,相当于定语从句that/which hangs over our home,表示主动含义。hang over意为“悬挂在......之上”。
Smog used to hang over the city.烟雾过去常常笼罩着这个城市。
黑暗笼罩在我们的头上。
The darkness hangs over our heads.黑暗笼罩在我们头上。
18.Also,my elder brother is not very nice to me.
elder是形容词old的比较级形式,意为“年纪较长的”,它只用于描述人,只能作定语,不作表语,也不与than连用。
A lot of elder people don’t like pop music. 许多年纪大的人不喜欢流行音乐。
Some elder people enjoy Beijing Opera.
有些上了年纪的人非常喜爱京剧。
词语辨析:elder和older的区别
older可用于描述人或物品,可以作表语和定语,可以与than连用。它描述人时指实际年龄大小中的“大”,描述物品时意为“较旧的”。
I am two years older than my brother. 我比我弟弟大两岁。
This book is older than that one. 这本书比那本旧。
19.He always refuses to let me watch my favorite TV show.
refuses to let用的是refuse to do结构,表示“拒绝做某事”。refuse为及物动词,意为“拒绝”,可以接表示“人、事物”的词以及动词不定式作宾语,不能接V-ing形式作宾语。
I refuse him.我拒绝他。
I refuse your invitation.我拒绝你的邀请。
Linda refuses to help me.琳达拒绝帮助我。
考点:refuse接动词时动词要变为动词不定式。
Vivian refuses ______ her children to the weekend training centre for extra classes.
A. to send B. sending C. sent D. sends
解析:由于refuse to do sth是固定结构,因此选A。
20.Instead he watches whatever he wants until late at night.
(1)instead是副词,意为“反而、代替”,可以直接放在句首或句末作句子状语,修饰一整句话。
If you’re busy,you may come another day instead.如果你很忙,可以改天再来。
I didn’t go to the movie last night. Instead I just stayed at home to watch TV.
昨晚我没有去看电影。相反,我待在家看电视。
(2)whatever......night是连接代词whatever引导的宾语从句。whatever意为“任何事物”,在该从句中作want的宾语。此外,它引导宾语从句时在从句中还可以作主语或定语。
He does whatever she asks him to do.
他做她要他做的任何事情。(whatever在宾语从句中作宾语)
Talk to me about whatever is troubling you.
给我谈谈任何使你烦恼的事。(whatever在宾语从句中作主语)
Goats eat whatever food they can find.
山羊找到什么食物就吃什么食物。(whatever在宾语从句中作定语修饰food)
知识归纳:whatever的其他用法
(1)意为“任何事物”时常用于引导主语从句和宾语从句,在从句中可以作主语、宾语、定语等成分。
Whatever he said was right.
他说的任何话都是对的。 (whatever引导主语从句,在从句中作said的宾语)
(2)意为“无论什么”,引导让步状语从句,可以与no matter what互换。
Whatever/No matter what you say,I won’t let you go.
无论你说什么,我都不会让你走的。
21.I don’t think this is fair.
【句型】I don’t think+省略that的宾语从句.
I don’t think是主句,this is fair是省略连词that引导的宾语从句。
此时最好带上连词that,因为当that引导宾语从句的主语是this或that时,连词that通常不省略。
I think that this is unfit for you.我想这不适合你。
I guess that that is of importance to you.我猜想那对你很重要。
(2)该句型是否定转移句。当主句主语是第一人称而且谓语是think/believe/guess/suppose等心理活动类动词,而且其后接了that引导的宾语从句时,如果从句有否定词,可以将从句的否定词转移到主句中来。
We don’t guess that he will be late for school.我们猜他上学不会迟到。
I don’t believe that you will come.我相信你不会来。
特别关注:主句主语为其他人称,即使think/believe/guess/suppose接了that引导的宾语从句,而且从句为否定句,也不发生否定转移现象。
She doesn’t think(that)you can do it.她不认为你会做这件事。
22. At home I always feel lonely and nervous.
nervous是描述人心理活动的形容词,意为“紧张的”,常用作表语、定语、宾语补足语。它可以构成短语be nervous about,表示“对......感到紧张”,可以接名词、代词、V-ing形式。
What you do makes me nervous. 你做的事情让我紧张。
That nervous boy is biting his nails.
那个神情紧张的男孩在咬指甲。
I am nervous about swimming.我对游泳感到紧张。
23.It’s not easy being your age
it在此为形式主语,真正的主语是V-ing短语being your age。being your age表示“做你这个年龄的孩子”,是抽象的概念。
It is hard being their age,because they have no skills.在他们这个年龄是很困难,因为他们没有一技之长。
特别关注:我们用“It is(not)+形容词+动词不定式.”表示“做某事是......的”。文中这句话不能套用该句型,因为动词不定式表示具体的动作,而being your age不是具体的动作。
24. you should offer to help.
句中用了offer to do短语,表示“主动提出做某事”。offer作及物动词,意为“主动提出”,接动词作宾语时动词必须变为动词不定式。
She offers to lend me her bike.她主动提出将她的自行车借给我。
I offered to help,but he refused.
我提出给予帮助,但是他拒绝了。
25.Secondly,why don’t you sit down and communicate with your brother?
(1)secondly是副词,意为“第二、其次”,常与firstly和thirdly、finally构成列举关系。它通常放在句首,用逗号将其与后面内容隔开。
Firstly, I love computer games.首先,我喜爱电脑游戏。
Secondly, I only play it in my free time.第二,我只在空余时间玩。
Thirdly, I will work hard at school.第三,我会努力学习的。
Finally, I hope you can understand me.最后,我希望你理解我。
(2)句中用了communicate with sb短语,表示“和某人交流(沟通)”。communicate在此作不及物动词,意为“交流、沟通”。
They use their own language to communicate with each other.他们用自己的语言互相交流。
My birth mother has never communicated with me.
我的生母从未与我交流过。
26.You should explain that you don’t mind him watching TV all the time.
【注释】explain在此作及物动词,意为“解释、说明”,常用三种结构:
(1)explain sth
He made up a wonderful story to explain his absence.他编了一个奇妙的故事解释自己的缺席。
(2)explain sth to sb表示“向某人解释......”
How can you explain this to your wife?这事你如何向你老婆解释?
(3)explain+宾语从句。
I explain why I am late for school.我解释我为何上学迟到了。
单元语法精讲
一.until作连词时引导时间状语从句。
1.until引导时间状语从句放在主句前后都可以,放在主句前面时用逗号将它们隔开。
2.主句是肯定句,主句谓语要用延续性动词或be动词。until表示“直到......时为止”。
We kept down behind the bushes until they passed.我们一直躲在灌木丛中,直到他们走过去。
3.主句为否定句,主句谓语要用短暂性动词,构成“...not...until+从句”,表示“直到......才......”。
You must not stop until the job is finished.工作结束之前你不能停。
They won’t leave until their teacher comes.他们直到老师来才会离开。
although是连词,意为“尽管、虽然”,引导让步状语从句。
1.它引导让步状语从句时放在主句前后都行,放在主句前面时用逗号隔开它们。
2.我们中文的行文习惯是“虽然......但是......”,但在英语中,although不能和表示转折的but、however连用,但可以与yet连用。
Although he was old, yet he worked hard.他虽然年老了,但工作仍然很努力。
考点:although引导让步状语从句时不能和but连用。
改错(每句话只有一处错误)
Although he has a lot of money,but Robert lives a simple life.
A B C
解析:由于although引导让步状语从句时不能和but连用,此时although引导的从句置于主句前,应将主句中的but去掉,因此是B,去掉but。
三.so that意为“以便、为了”,引导目的状语从句。
1.so that必须连写,不能分开,引导的从句要放在主句后面,不用逗号隔开它们,此时它可以与in order that互换。但由于in order that引导目的状语从句时还可以放在句首,并用逗号将这两个部分隔开,此时则不能与so that互换。
Why don’t you buy a bike so that/in order that you can get to school on time
为了能按时到校,你为什么不买辆自行车呢?
In order that you can get the job,you must prepare for the interview.
为了得到这份工作,你必须为面试做准备。
2.so that引导目的状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致,而且从句为肯定句,可以将从句转换为动词不定式to/in order to/so as to+动词原形。to/in order to可以放在句首和句中,so as to要放在句中。
He got up early so that he could get to school on time.
=He got up early so as to get to school on time.
= In order to/To get to school on time, he got up early.为了按时到学校,他起得很早。
考点:so that引导的目的状语从句是肯定句,而且从句主语和主句主语相同,可以将从句转换为“in order to/so as to/to+动词原形”结构。
句型转换(一空一词)。
We will plant more trees so that we can improve our environment. (保持句意不变)
We will plant more trees_____ _____to improve our environment.
解析:本题考查把so that引导的目的状语从句变为简单句,要填两个单词。由于从句为肯定句,而且主句主语和从句主语相同,可以将从句转换为in order that/so as to+动词原形,因此填in order或so as。
四.“Why don’t you+动词原形+其他?”是提建议的句型,表示“为什么你不......呢?”,可以与“Why not+动词原形+其他?”互换。
Why not go swimming now
=Why don’t you go swimming now 为什么不现在去游泳呢?
考点:“Why don’t you+动词原形+...?”可以与“Why not+动词原形+...?”互换。
句型转换(一空一词)。
Why don’t you bring your cousin with you to visit the museum (改为同义句)
_____ _____bring your cousin with you to visit the museum?
解析:由于“Why don’t you+动词原形+...?”可以与“Why not+动词原形+...?”互换,因此填Why not。
知识归纳:其他提建议的句型以及答语。
1.Let’s+动词原形+其他.表示“我们......吧。”
Let’s go to play basketball together.我们一起去打篮球吧。
2.I think that it is a good idea+动词不定式结构表示“我觉得......是一个好主意。”
I think it is a good idea to go swimming.我觉得去游泳是一个好主意。
3.How /What about+V-ing短语?......怎么样?
How/What about playing volleyball 打排球怎么样
4.Would you like+动词原形+其他?表示“你想要......吗?”
Would you like to go shopping with me?你想和我一起去购物吗?
5.Shall+主语(第一/三人称)+动词原形+其他?表示“.......可以吗?”
Shall I turn on the lights 我开灯好吗
6.主语+had better+(not)+动词原形+其他.表示“......最好(不)做某事。”
You had better not leave for Beijing tomorrow.
你最好明天不要动身去北京。
肯定回答可以用下列表达方式。
(1)Good idea!/That’s a good idea!(那是个)好主意!
(2)OK./Great./All right.好的。
(3)Yes,please./Yes,I’d like(love) to.是的。/我愿意。
(4)Sounds great!听起来不错!
8.否定回答可以用下列表达方式。
(1)I’m afraid not.我恐怕不行。
(2)I’d like(love)to,but.......我愿意,但是.......
(3)I don’t think so.我不这么认为。
(4)Sounds bad!听起来很糟糕!
语法部分语言点解析
1.My cousin borrows my things without returning them.
without returning them是without引导的介词短语作伴随状语。returning在此是及物动词return的V-ing形式,意为“归还”,常用结构为return sth to sb,表示“把......归还给某人”。
You should return the book to the library.你应该把这本书还给图书馆。
I will return this pen to him.我要把这支钢笔还给他。
知识拓展:return的其他用法
(1)作不及物动词时意为“返回”,可以直接与地点副词连用,也可以构成“return to +地点名词”短语,表示“回到某地”。
Hong Kong returned to China in 1997.香港于1997年回归中国。
He returned home after school.放学后他回家了。
(2)作名词时构成in return短语,意为“作为回报”。
She saves lives and never asks for anything in return. 她挽救人们的生命,却从不要求回报。
2.You left your homework at home.
left在此是及物动词leave的过去式,常用结构为leave sth+地点状语(地点副词/方位介词短语),表示“把某物落在某地”,强调把某物忘在某地,其后要说明地点。
I left my book in the library.我把我的书落在图书馆里了。
Linda left her homework at home.琳达把她的家庭作业落在家里了。
特别关注:forget作及物动词时表示“忘记”,强调由于记忆的问题忘记了某人或某物,不能接地点状语。
I forget your phone number.我忘记你的电话号码。
3.You are afraid of speaking in front of people.
句中用了be afraid of+V-ing结构,表示“害怕做某事”,指主语担心发生的事情是无意发生的动作。
I am afraid of being alone.我害怕独处。
Tom is afraid of losing his girlfriend.
汤姆害怕失去女友。
知识拓展:be afraid to do sth也表示“害怕做某事”,指主语非常害怕,以致不敢采取某一动作,该动作是有意发生的动作。
She is often afraid to cross the streets.她时常害怕过马路。
4.Your best friend does not trust you anymore.
句中用了not...... anymore结构,表示“不再”,not置于be动词、助动词、情态动词后面,行为动词前面。anymore可以写成any more,要置于句尾。该短语说明过去某个动作或状态发生但现在不再发生,可以修饰be动词、延续性动词、瞬间动词。
Now she isn’t afraid any more. 现在她再也不害怕了。
I just can’t stand this life anymore. 我简直受不了这种生活。
Section B
1.My parents give me a lot of pressure about school.
pressure是不可数名词,意为“压力”,在此指强制或促使某种行动的外部压力。它可以构成介词短语under one’s pressure,表示“在某人的压力之下”;还可以构成动词短语put pressure on sb,表示“给某人施压”。
Even if I am under your pressure,I still can’t compromise.
即使在你们的压力之下,我仍然不会妥协。
Don’t put pressure on him.不要给他压力。
知识拓展:pressure的其他用法
(1)作不可数名词时表示“(用力按压而产生的) 压力”。
She kicked at the door with her foot, and the pressure was enough to open it.
她用脚踢门,其产生的压力足以把门打开。
(2)作及物动词时表示“施压”,构成pressure sb to do sth短语,表示“给某人施加压力做某事”。
He will never pressure you to get married.
他永远都不会给你施加压力让你结婚。
2.I have to compete with my classmates at school.
句中用了compete with sb短语,表示“与某人竞争”。
(1)compete在此作不及物动词,意为“竞争”,既可以指在活动中竞争优胜,还可以指为了利益与他人竞争。此时with可以与against互换。
He likes to compete with/against his classmates.他喜欢和他的同班同学竞争。
About 800 athletes competed in fifteen events.大约有800名运动员参加了15个项目的竞赛。
(2)它还可以构成短语compete for sth,表示“为......而竞争”
More than 100 people competed for the post.有一百多人竞争这个职位。
Several company are competing for the contract.
几家公司正在为争取这项合同而竞争。
知识拓展competition表示“竞争、竞争对手”时为不可数名词;表示“比赛、竞赛”时为可数名词。
Competition for the job is intense.该职位竞争很激烈。
What makes your company different from the competition?
让你们的公司区别于竞争对手的是什么?
I entered two competitions and won prizes.我参加过两次竞赛,都获了奖。
3.Who gives their opinions about the problem
opinion是可数名词,意为“意见、想法、看法”,复数形式是opinions。
Her opinion will influence my decision.
她的意见将影响我的决定。
Alice always based her opinions on the facts.
艾丽丝的观点总是以事实为依据
知识拓展:in one’s opinion表示“在某人看来”,one’s常用形容词性物主代词或名词所有格’s结构。由于该短语表达的主观性很强,因此在英语写作中尽量少用。
In my opinion,it is bad to stay up late.
在我看来,熬夜不好。
4.Many of them are learning exam skills
(1)many of表示“许多”,要接复数名词或复数代词。它接复数名词时名词前面通常用the、those、these、形容词性物主代词等修饰语。它引导的短语作主语时谓语要用复数形式。
Since many of the customers work during the day, Billy has to collect the money at night.
因为许多顾客白天上班,所以毕利只好晚上去收钱。
Many of them like this movie.他们中的许多人喜欢这部电影。
(2)skill在此为可数名词,意为“技巧”,复数形式是skills。
This is an important skill.这是一个很重要的技巧。
The most difficult communication skill is listening.
最困难的交流技巧就是听力。
知识归纳
1)由于[s]和[k]在同一个音节里,此时[k]要发生浊化现象,读成[g]音。
2)skillful是形容词,意为“熟练的、巧妙的”,固定短语是be skillful at,表示“在......方面技艺精湛”,其后可以接表示“事物”的词以及V-ing形式。
He is skillful at swimming.他在游泳方面技艺精湛。
5.The Taylors are a typical American family.
(1)The Taylors是“the +姓氏名词的复数形式”,表示“......一家人”。它作主语时,如果表示家里所有成员,谓语要用复数形。如果把“一家人”看作整体,谓语要用单数形式。
The Greens are having dinner. 格林一家人正在吃晚餐。
The Browns is really a large family.布朗家是个大家庭。
(2)typical是形容词,意为“典型的”,可以作表语、定语。
The question is small but typical.
问题虽小, 但很典型。
This is a typical example.这是一个典型的例子。
Maybe I could cut out a few of their activities,
(1)cut out是“及物动词+副词”类型的短语,意为“删除”,常接表示“事物”的词作宾语。接名词时名词放在out前后都可以,接代词时代词要放在out之前。
You should cut out the unimportant details.你应当删除掉这些不重要的细节。
This sentence is useless.Cut it out.这句话没有用。删除它。
(2)a few of表示“有些、几个”,要接复数名词和复数代词。它接复数名词时名词前面常带有the/形容词性物主代词/these/those等修饰词。它引导的短语作主语时谓语要用复数形式。
Since this program has some features, we will show short proofs for a few of them.
由于这个程序有一些特性, 我们将为其中几个给出简短证明。
Here are a few of my ideas. 以下是我个人的一些想法。
知识拓展:few of、a little of、little of、a bit of的用法
1)few of表示“......中没有几个”,用法和a few of相同。
Few of these teachers live here.这些老师中没有几个住在这里。
2)a little of表示“一点”,修饰不可数名词和单数代词。它修饰不可数名词时名词前面通常有the/形容词性物主代词/these/those等修饰词。它引导的短语作主语时谓语用单数形式。
There is a little of the information about this topic on the Internet.
网上有一点关于这个话题的信息。
3)little of表示“几乎没有”,用法和a little of相同。
Little of the money is left.几乎没有剩下什么钱。
4)a bit of表示“一点儿”,可以与a little bit of互换,要修饰不可数名词,名词前面可以不用修饰语。它引导的短语作主语时谓语要用单数形式。
There is a(little)bit of food on the table.桌子上有一点食物。
7.They have a quick dinner
quick是形容词,意为“迅速的”,既可以用于表示动作短促、迅速,还可以表示人的思维敏捷。它不强调速度快,副词形式为quickly,意为“迅速地”。
a quick look迅速一瞥 a quick mind机敏的头脑
I finish my homework quickly.我快速做完自己的家庭作业。
词语辨析:fast和quick表示“快的”的区别
fast作形容词时意为“迅速的”,指人、动物、事物的运动速度快。它的副词形式也是fast。
a fast horse一匹快马 a fast train一列快车 a fast runner一个跑得很快的人
He runs fast.他跑得很快。
8.Linda Miller,a mother of three,knows all about such stress.
(1)a mother of three是名词短语,作Linda Miller的同位语。名词短语作同位语放在句中时要用逗号将其与前后内容隔开。three是基数词,在此相当于three kids。
Hawking, the world-famous astronomer, has written a book, where he describes blackholes in the universe.
世界著名的天文学家霍金写了一本书,在书中他描述了宇宙黑洞。
Peter,the elder brother of three,can do the cooking.彼得,这三个孩子的哥哥,会做饭。
(2)stress在此作不可数名词,意为“压力”,相当于pressure。
I can’t take the pressure/stress at work anymore.
我无法忍受工作上的压力了。
9.In some families,competition starts very young and continue
(1)competition starts very young是“主语+不及物动词(非连系动词)+形容词”结构,very young是形容词短语作主语补足语,对competition作补充说明。此外,名词也可以作主语补足语。
The fire is burning low.火势开始变弱。
He died a hero. 他壮烈牺牲。
(2)continue在此作不及物动词,意为“持续”。
The strike continued for several days.罢工持续了几天之久。
The state of affairs must not be allowed to continue.
不能让这种状况延续下去。
知识归纳:continue作及物动词时意为“继续”,可以接名词、代词作宾语。接动词不定式作宾语表示“做完一件事再继续做别的事”,接V-ing作宾语表示“做一件事中断后再继续做这件事”。
After drinking some water,he continued reading Lesson Ten.
他喝了一些水后继续读第10课。
After finishing reading Lesson Nine,I continue to read Lesson Ten.
读完第9课后,我继续读第10课。
10.Mothers send their small kids to all kinds of classes.
(1)这是“主语+send sb to+活动类名词.”句型,表示“......送某人去参加......”。send在此为及物动词,意为“送”。
I am going to send them to the party.
我打算送他们去参加聚会。
He can send me to the ball.他可以送我去参加舞会。
(2)all kinds of意为“各种各样的”,既可以接复数名词,又可以接不可数名词。它引导的短语作主语时谓语一律用复数形式。
There are all kinds of flowers in the park.公园里有各种各样的花。
There are all kinds of food on the table.餐桌上有各种各样的食物。
11..And they are always comparing them with other children.
该句时态为现在进行时,用了“compare sb/sth with sb/sth”短语,表示“把某人/物与某人/物相比”。compare在此为及物动词,意为“比较”。
It is unwise to always compare your children with other children.
总是将自己的孩子与其他孩子相比是不明智的。
Please compare this book with that one,and find out the differences between them.
请拿这本书与那本书作比较,并找出它们的差异。
知识拓展:compare的其他用法
1)作不及物动词时构成短语compare with,表示“把......与......作比较”,with后面可以接表示“人、事物”的词,接动词时要变为V-ing形式。
Living here can’t compare with living in Shanghai.
在这儿生活不能和在上海(生活)相比。
2)作及物动词时构成短语compare sb/sth to sb/sth,表示“把某人/物比作某人/物”。
People often compare information to the life of an enterprise.人们常常把信息比作企业的生命。
12.People shouldn’t push their kids so hard.
push在此作及物动词,意为“鞭策、督促”,常用结构为push sb to do sth,表示“鞭策/督促某人做某事”。
This English teacher pushes his students to learn English carefully.
这位英语老师督促自己的学生认真学英语。
She thanks her parents for keeping her in school and pushing her to study.
她感谢她的父母一直让她上学,并督促她学习。
知识拓展:push作及物动词时还可以意为“推”,可以接表示“人、物品”的词作宾语,对应词是pull,意为“拉”。
They pushed him into the car.
他们把他推进了汽车。
I helped pull him out of the water.
我帮着把他从水里拉了出来。
13.Doctors say too much pressure is not good for a child’s development.
development由“develop+名词后缀ment”派生而成,在此为不可数名词,意为“发展、成长”。
These vegetables are good for the healthy development of children.
这些蔬菜有利于儿童的健康成长。
We should slow down the development of the company.
我们应该放慢公司发展的速度。
小贴士:ment是名词后缀,可以放在某些动词后面将其变为名词。
(1)放在某些动词后面表示行为的结果。
improve改善—improvement改善
(2)放在某些动词后面表示机构。
govern统治—government政府
放在某些动词后面表示一种状态。
disappoint使失望—disappointment失望
14.Dr.Alice Green says all these activities can cause a lot of stress for children.
all these activities can cause...children是省略that引导的宾语从句。cause在此作及物动词,意为“造成”,常接表示“事故、灾难、麻烦”等负面意义的词作宾语。此外,它还可以接双宾语,固定结构为cause sb sth/cause sth to sb,表示“给某人造成......”。
The snow causes the accident.大雪造成了这场事故。
The child caused his parents a lot of trouble.
=The child caused a lot of trouble to his parents.这孩子给他父母造成了许多烦恼。
知识归纳:cause的其他用法
(1)作及物动词时意为“使得”,构成“cause sb to do sth”短语,表示“使某人做某事”。
Can you tell what causes him to be so worried 你能说出什么使他如此担忧吗?
(2)作可数名词时意为“原因、事业”。
Smoking is the biggest preventable cause of death and disease.
吸烟是造成不必要疾病和死亡的最大原因。
Refusing to have one leader does not help the cause.
拒绝接受领导无益于该事业。
(3)作不可数名词时意为“理由”。
Only a few people can find any cause for celebration.
只有少数人能找到庆祝的理由。
15.it’s even more important to have happy children
even在此作程度副词,意为“更为”,修饰形容词比较级more important。此外,even还可以修饰副词比较级。
It was hot yesterday, but it’s even hotter today. 昨天热,但是今天更热
He runs even faster than me.他比我跑得更快。
考点:even表示“更加”时要修饰形容词、副词的比较级。
-It’s cold today. I can’t stand it. I hope tomorrow won’t be so _____.
-I can’t, either. But the radio says it will be even _____ tomorrow.
A.cold, cold B.cold, colder C.colder, colder D.colder, coldest
解析:由于so作程度副词时要修饰形容词原级,排除CD。又由于even在此意为“更加”,要修饰比较级,因此选B。
考点聚焦
1.考点:allow表示“允许”,接动词作宾补时动词要变为动词不定式。
My parents didn’t allow me _____ to the party.
A. go B. to go C. goes D. went
解析:由于allow sb to do sth是固定结构,因此选B。
2.考点:work out表示“解决”,可以接表示“问题”的词。
It’s easy to _____ this math problem.
A. work out B. find out C. look out
解析:空所在句表示“_____这个数学问题很容易。”根据句意和选项,可知应填表示“解决”的work out,故选A。
3.考点:if表示“是否”,引导宾语从句。
—Why did you go to the teacher's office
—Mr. Black asked me to go, and he asked me ______I was good at playing the piano.
A.that B.if C.what D.when
解析:空所在句表示“布莱克老师要我去,而且他问我_______擅长弹钢琴。”由于宾语从句成分完整,可判断所填词不作成分,排除CD。由于if表示“是否”,that引导宾语从句时无词义,if更符合本题的语义,故选B。
4.考点:instead表示“代替、反而”,直接放在句首或句末。
根据首字母及句意完成单词。
Teddy doesn’t feel well today, so Kathy will go to the meeting i_____.
解析:题干意为“泰迪今天感觉不舒服,因此凯西将____去开会。根据句意,可判断题干隐含的意思是凯西将代替泰迪去开会。所填词首字母为i,且位于句末,可判断要用表示“代替”的instead,因此填instead。
5.考点:nervous表示“紧张的”。
—I feel really _____ before the interview.
—Take it easy. Sure you are the best.
A patient B serious C. nervous D. cool
解析:题干意为“—在面试前我真地感到______。—轻松点。相信你是最棒的。”根据句意和选项,可知应填表示“紧张的”的nervous,因此选C。
6.考点:offer表示“主动提出”,接动词作宾语时动词要变为动词不定式。
用所给单词的正确形式填空。
I offers______for the desk I have broken.(pay)
解析:由于offer接动词作宾语时动词必须变为不定式,表示“主动提出做某事”,因此填to pay。
7.考点:until在肯定句中表示“直到.......时为止”,谓语用延续性动词或be动词。它在否定句中表示“直到......才......”,谓语用短暂性动词。
(1)Oh, it’s raining heavily outside. You’d better stay ____ it stops.
A. until B. since C. while D. though
解析:题干意为“噢,外面雨下得很大。你最好留下来______雨停。”分析题干,可知主句You’d better stay是肯定句,stay是延续性动词。结合选项,until引导时间状语从句时主句是肯定句且谓语是延续性动词,until表示“直到......时为止”,符合题意,故选A。
(2)Don't go out ___ the rain stops. Otherwise, you'll get wet!
A. after B. since C. when D. until
解析:题干意为“_____雨停时才出门。否则,你会淋湿的。”分析题干,可知主句Don't go out为否定句,go out是短暂性动词短语。对比选项,until引导时间状语从句时,主句是否定句且谓语是短暂性动词,until表示“直到...才...”,符合题意,因此选D。
8.考点:although表示“尽管”,引导让步状语从句。
___________he was very tired,he continued working in his office.
A.Because B.Since C.Although
解析:题干意为“_______他非常疲惫,他继续在自己的办公室工作。”结合句意和选项,可知要填表示“尽管”的although,故选C。
9.考点:why not后面要接动词原形,表示“为什么不......呢?”
You don't know the way. Why ______ the policeman for help
A. don't ask B. no ask C. not ask D. don't you
解析:由于why not接动词原形是固定用法,故选C。
10.考点:return表示“返还”。
—How long can I keep this dictionary?
—Two weeks.You must______it on time.
A.collect B.call C.return
解析:题干表示“—我能借这本词典多久?—两周。你必须按时_____它。”结合句意和选项,可知要填表示“归还”的return,因此选C。
11.考点:leave表示“遗忘”,固定结构为leave sth+地点状语。
—May I _____ your Chinese—English dictionary
—Sorry, I______ it at home.
A.borrow, forgot B. lend, left C. lend, forgot D. borrow, left
解析:题干意为“我能_____一下你的词典吗?对不起,我把它______家里了。”根据句意,可知第一空指“借用”,要用borrow。第二句用了“所填词+sth+介词短语”结构,leave的过去式left可以用于该结构,表示“把某物落在家里”,故选D。
12.考点:the用在姓名复数之前,表示一家人。
We’d better get ready for the dinner now because _________ Greens are coming to visit us tonight.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
解析:分析题干,由于Greens表示“一家人”,要用the修饰,因此选C。
13.考点:compare......with......表示“把......和......作比较”,compare......to......表示“把......比作.......”。
—Why are most children under too much pressure
—Because their parents always compare them_______others.
A. with B. by C. to
解析:题干意为“—为什么大部分孩子承受巨大的压力?—因为他们的父母总是把他们_____别人比较。”them指代前句中的most children,可知这是指父母把自己的孩子与别人作比较,用compare...with...,因此选A。
干扰项分析:compare...to...表示“把......比作......”,compare......by......是错误搭配,排除BC。
单元考点检测
I.单项选择
1.My parent often allows me______my own clothes.
A. choose B. to choose C. chose D. choosing
2.Do you often_____with your friends on weekends
A. hang on B. hang out C. hang in D. hang for
3.I find a number of people______there.
A. work B. to work C. working D. worked
4.You can______the newspaper to get something that you need.
A. look up B. look through C. look for D. look after
5.—Everyone needs friends. How can we find a friend and_____ with each other
—Maybe I can give you some advice.
A. get up B. get on C. get off D. get back
6.—I feel very_____before the exam.
—Take it easy.
A. patient B. serious C. nervous D. cool
7.—Excuse me.Is it my turn?
—No.Please wait on the chair____your name is called.
A.and B.until C.although D.since
8.You just can’t compare Tom______Bryan. They have different characters.
A. with B. by C. to D. for
9.John didn’t give up looking for a job____he got an offer from a German company.
A.until B.since C.because D.if
10.He puts the flowers in the shade _____the sun will not burn them.
A.in order to B.so that C.so as to D.such that
参考答案:BBCBB CBAAB
II.根据首字母及句意完成单词
My cousin knows a lot about geography,a__________he is only four years old.
I have a q____lunch and then I continue doing my homework.
Last week,a heavy rain c_______ a traffic accident.
Miss White does not like buying nice clothes. She likes collecting story-books i_______.
Tigers eat w___________food they can find.
参考答案:
although 2.quick 3.caused 4.instead 5.whatever
III.用所给单词的正确形式填空
I usually___________with my friends.(communication)
More than 1000 people___________for the post yesterday.(competition)
This is not good for a child’s____________.(develop)
He offers___________the cooking for me.(do)
Few of my friends____________from Guangzhou.(be)
参考答案:
communicate 2.compete 3.development 4.to do 5.are
IV.根据汉语提示写出单词和短语
In_____________,it is necessary to plant many trees every year.(依我看)
This passage is useless._____it________.(删除)
Can you_____further how you did that (解释)
Lucy should_________herself a little harder.(鞭策)
Hope things _________out.(解决)
参考答案:
1.my opinion 2.cut;out 3.explain 4.push 5.work
V.单句改错(每句只有一处错误)
Why not buying a new pen?_____
So that no one could recognize her,the movie star put on a pair of sun glasses.______
The only thing which he can do for me is to wake me up on time._____
Our success depends on if everyone works hard or not. ________
Although I am tired,but I continue working.__________
参考答案:
把buying改为buy
把So改为In order
去掉which或把which改为that
把if改为whether
去掉but