Unit 1-2 Learning About Language 语法导学案（无答案）-2024-2025学年高中英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第三册

选择性必修三unit1-2
Discovering structures----动词不定式infinitives
班级：_______________ 姓名：______________________
Learning aims:
1. To learn the function of infinitives in a sentence.
2. To use infinitives to complete the exercises.
Learning key points & difficult points:
1. Key points: to learn the function of infinitives in a sentence.
2. Difficult points: to use infinitives to complete the exercises correctly.
Learning procedures:
一、不定式的定义:
不定式:是一种非谓语动词。
1.非谓语动词:是指那些在句中不能单独充当谓语的动词，
2.动词不定式在句中可以作句子除谓语之外的任何句子成分。
3.动词不定式的被动形式除了一般形式外还有其完成式和进行式。
二、不定式的形式:
基本形式： to+动词原形
其否定形式是:“not/never to do”/not do.
不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语，没有人称和数的变化。
主动语态 被动语态
一般式
进行式
完成式
完成进行式
Observe：判断下列不定式在句中作何成分
1. It is impossible to finish so much homework in a day.
2. To see is to believe.
3. His wish is to be a doctor.
4. I want to do it myself.
5. We found it difficult to work with him.
6. He always has a lot of meetings to attend.
7. He is looking for a room to live in.
8. I study hard to serve the people well.
9. In order not to be late she took a bus.
三、不定式作主语
1. 不定式作主语通常位于句首，表示具体的某次动作，谓语动词用单数。
e.g. To see is to believe. 百闻不如一见。
To get up early is necessary. 早起是必要的。
________________ is very important for everyone in society. 学习一项技能对社会上的每个人都很重要。
________________ in a month is difficult. 要在一个月内完成这座建筑是困难的。
2. 动词不定式与疑问词who, whom, whose, what, which, when, where, how等连用构成不定式短语，也可作主语。
e.g. How to use the computer is the question. 如何使用计算机是个问题。
Where to go has not been decided. 去哪儿还没有定下来。
3. 当主语较长，谓语较短时，常用it作形式主语放在句首，而将真正的主语—不定式放到谓语的后面。
e.g. It’s not easy to work out the problem. =To work out the problem is not easy.计算出这道题不容易。
It is interesting ________________________. 冬季里玩雪是很有趣的。
It is terrible ___________________________. 目睹轮船沉入大海，真是太可怕了。
it作形式主语代替真正主语不定式常见于以下情况中：
It is + adj. + for/of sb. to do sth.
It is + n. + (for sb.) to do sth.
It takes/took/will take sb. some time to do sth.
It is +adj.+ for/of sb. to do sth.
1) It is ＋ adj. ＋for sb. to do sth. sb. 是to do sth.的逻辑主语
常用于表示事物的特征，用于此句型的形容词有：easy, hard, difficult, possible, important, impossible, necessary, good, bad, exciting, interesting, surprising等。
e.g. It’s important for us to keep the water clean. 保持水质清洁对我们来说是很重要的。
2) It is＋adj.＋of sb.＋to do sth. 形容词用来表示不定式的逻辑主语(sb.)的性质、特征或品德
常见的此类形容词有： kind, nice, wise, silly, polite, impolite, friendly, foolish, clever等。
e.g. It is friendly of the family to try to make me feel at home. 这家人对我很友好，使我感到宾至如归。
It is + n. + (for sb.) to do sth.
常见的名词有：pity, shame, pleasure, one’s duty, one’s job, fun, joy, good manners, bad manners等。
e.g. What a pity it is for you to have missed such a wonderful film. 真遗憾你错过了这样一个精彩的电影。
It must be great fun ___________________________. 乘宇宙飞船飞往月球一定很有趣。
It takes/took/will take sb. some time to do sth. 做某事花费某人多长时间(钱)
e.g. It took me an hour to do my homework yesterday evening. 昨天晚上我做作业用了一个小时。
It will take us a lot of money _________________. 买那套房子要花费我们很多钱。
Summary
1.单个不定式作主语，谓语动词_________
2.不定式作主语时,可以用it作_______________.
3. 如果要说明不定式表示的动作是谁做的 ,可以在不定式前加一个由 for/of 引起的短语,构成_______________________。
4. It is+adj+for sb to do ……
5. It is+adj+ of sb to do………
6. It is+n.+for sb to do ……
7. It takes/took/will take sb. some time to do sth.
Practice:
1. [2019·全国I卷] It is difficult _____________ (figure) out a global population of polar bears.
2. Then we will know how important it is ______us to have meaning in our life.
3. [2019·天津3月卷] Coming out of this experience, I realize it is OK __________(be) different from others.
4. [2018·全国Ⅱ卷] Exercise energizes you, so ______ is more difficult to relax and have a peaceful sleep when you are very excited.
Homework
Ⅰ.用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空
1.It is wise (take) such gifts with gratitude.
2.He will find it is easy (make) friends in this city.
3. (get) there by bike will take us half an hour.
4.It is an offence (drop) litter in the street.
5.When (leave) for London has not been decided yet.
6.It’s necessary for you (lock) the car when you do not use it.
7. We can’t afford ________ (live) in such a big house.
8. The man expects his wife ________ (bring) him breakfast in bed at weekends.
9. Afraid of _____________ (bite) by snakes, the boy was afraid ________ (touch) them.
10. James Watt is known ___________________(invent) the steam engine.
11.The book was said ______________________ (translate) into German in 1946.
12.The meeting _______________ (hold) tomorrow is of great importance.
13.A quarrel seems _____________________ (break out) between the two women and they are still glaring at each other now.
Ⅱ.补全句子
1. is a good habit.
每天读书是个好习惯。
2. is nice.
和他们交朋友真是令人愉快。
3. to do me a favor.
你能帮助我真是太好了。
4. does good to your health.
晚饭后散步对健康有好处。
5.It is impossible for lost time .
弥补失去的时间是不可能的。
6.It is difficult for us in a quarter of an hour.
我们很难在15分钟内完成这篇作文。
Ⅲ语法填空
Mike drove to a remote border town alone. He didn’t stop the car 1. ________ (take) a break although he was feeling tired. As a result, a traffic accident occurred, which caused him 2. _________________ (trap) inside the car. Fortunately, a girl who happened to pass by volunteered 3. ________ (save) him, only 4. ________ (find) Mike was completely locked in the car.
After calling an ambulance, she managed 5. ________ (give) him first aid, using the method she had learned at school. Soon, Mike was rushed to hospital in an ambulance. It took him three months 6. ___________ (recover) from his injuries.
The girl named Mary felt pleased 7. ____________ (do) such a great thing, though she realized the car may have exploded. When interviewed, she said, “I’ve also met with a traffic accident. A kind passer-by saved my life but he was killed. I was the only one 8. _______________ (survive) the crash. The man was said 9. ______________ (work) on the road helping people in need for ten years. I was too moved even to speak when hearing the story. Therefore, I determined 10. ________ (stay) here and give people in need a helping hand.”
四、不定式作表语
1 结构 Be (am/is/are/was/were) + 不定式
e.g. The purpose of education is to develop a fine personality in children.
2 功能
（1）解释主语描述的行为或说明该行为带来的结果。
主语多为 duty / wish / hope / idea / plan / ambition/ dream / work/job/ability/attempt/chance/ desire/ need/ opportunity/ refusal/ wish/ aim/ purpose/ decision/ choice...等名词
e.g. My dream is to be a singer.
His work is to clean the classroom every day.
（2）表示“安排、命令、决定、劝告、意愿、禁止”等
e.g. I am to set out for China next week. 下周我要动身到中国去。 （安排）
You are to have a face-to-face talk with them. 你应该和他们当面谈一谈。（劝告）
Children are not to smoke. 儿童不准吸烟。（禁止）
3. 两种特殊用法
（1）不定式短语to let，to blame，to seek 等常用主动形式表示被动含义
e.g. The house is to let.
Who is to blame for the population decline of the tigers in that area
The reason for global warming is not far to seek. 全球变暖的原因不难找到。
（2）当主语部分含有动词 do 的某种形式时，作表语的不定式可省略to
e.g. Anything we can do is (to) guarantee it will be delivered on time.
In the evening the only thing he did was (to) read on the blog.
4. 当主语含定语从句且其先行词为代词all或形容词最高级the least, the most时：+系动词+不定式作句子的表语。
e.g. All he wanted was to be left alone.
The least I can expect is to have this day all to myself.
5. 当不定式作表语时，句子主语可以使what引导的主语从句。
e.g. What I want to do now is (to) have a rest.
Practice:
一、Fill in the blanks.
1. The motto of the little boy who was suffering from a muscle disease was _______ (live) one day at a time.
2. It is you, including your cousin, that ______________ (blame) for the loss of the golden chance.
3. Medical experts say the most effective way to prevent the spread of disease is for people ____________(wash) their hands with soap and water.
4. The next step is ______________ sure that you know exactly what is required.
5. The purpose of education is __________ (develop) a fine personality in children.
二、Complete the sentences.
1. 要是他们问我这个问题，我该怎么回答呢？
________________________ if they ask me the question
2. 她应该为所发生的事情受到责备。
_________________________ for what has happened.
3. 你要做的事情是面对现实。
The thing for you to do _____________________.
4. 我筋疲力尽，想能马上就去度假。
I am exhausted and tired out. What I want to do _______________________.
五、不定式作宾语
不定式放在及物动词后，用作宾语
e.g. We begin to read English at 6:30a.m.
She forgot to close the door.
常用动词不定式作宾语的动词有：want, plan, hope, wish, learn, decide, would like, begin, start,
try, need, forget, choose, prepare, agree, promise, manage, encourage, fail, happen, mean, refuse, offer，etc.
Think: forget, remember, prefer, like等动词除了跟不定式作宾语，可以跟动名词做宾语吗？
动词不定式作宾语的注意事项
不定式作宾语时，如带有宾语补足语，则要把不定式放到后面，用it作形式宾语，构成“主语+动词+it+宾补（形容词、名词）+不定式”结构。如：
e.g. I found it necessary to talk to him again.
I found it important to learn English.
Practice
Complete the following sentences.
1.Don’t forget _________________________.(关灯)
2.I happened ____________________when he called me. （出去）
3.I don’t want______________________. (依赖别人）
4.Sam is learning______________________. (怎样开车）
5.We promise __________ the environment. (保护)
6.I _______________________ (希望收到…来信) you soon.
7.John _____________________ (不想当) the host of the charity show.
8.They’re __________________ (试着解决) the problem by himself.
9.Millions of people ______________________ (已学会使用) computers.
六、不定式作宾补:
e.g. Rainbow expects you to have a bright future.
考点一：跟“不定式”作宾语补足语的动词／动词短语
allow, ask, beg, cause, encourage, expect, force, intend, invite, order, persuade, prefer, remind, tell, want, warn, wish, call on, depend on, require, forbid, advise, recommend, allow, permit, encourage等
e.g. Having finished her project, she was invited by the school _________ (speak) to the new student.
不定式作宾补难点:
Think: require, forbid, advise, recommend, allow, permit, encourage + sb. +to do sth.(接动词的不定式作宾补), 但如果直接用动词作宾语时，还是用to do吗？
require, forbid, advise, recommend, allow, permit, encourage + doing sth.(接动名词作宾语)
e.g. I advise you to have a rest.
I advise having a rest.
当遇到下列动词时,不定式省略to: (被动语态不省to）
五看:______________________________ 三使:_____________________________
二听:______________________________ 一感觉:___________________________
Practice
1.John was made the car for a week as a punishment
A.to wash B. washing C. wash D. to be washing
2.The patient was warned food after the operation.
A.to eat not B. eating not C. not to eat D. not eating
3.Internet bars mustn’t let anybody bad things, especially children.
A. watch B.to watch C. watching D. watches
七、不定式作定语
e.g. I was watching the clock all through the meeting, as I had a train _________ (catch).
(2017·天津卷) 我在会议期间一直看表，因为我要赶火车。
考点一：不定式与其所修饰的词之间常是动宾关系
e.g. He is always the first ____________ at the school and the last to leave the school.　
他总是第一个(人)到校，最后一个(人)离校。
考点二：序数词，形容词最高级，the last, the only 等后或被这些词修饰的名词或代词后，常用不定式作定语。
e.g. The ability _____________ (express) an idea is as important as the idea itself.　
表达观点的能力与观点本身同等重要。(湖南卷)
考点三：被修饰词是抽象名词时，常用不定式作定语。如ability, chance, idea, hope, wish, fact, excuse, promise, attempt, way 等。
不定式作定语时，应放在被修饰词的后面。
e.g. We have a lot of homework to do.
如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词,则不定式中要有介词.
e.g. He is looking for a room to live in.
There is nothing to worry about.
something, anything, nothing…+adj.+ to do
e.g. I have something interesting to tell you.
Practice
1.Do you have anything more__________ ﹙要说﹚
2.She has a lot of work ___________﹙做﹚ every day .
3. The old man has a house _____________ ﹙住﹚.
4. She is a nice person_______________ ﹙共事﹚.
八、不定式作状语
e.g. ___________(enjoy) the convenience of digital payment, many senior citizens started to use smart phones.　(2019·江苏卷)
为了享受数字支付的便利，很多老年人开始使用智能手机。
考点一：作目的状语。可用so as to/in order to替换，但 so as to一般不可置于句首，意为“为了；想要”。
e.g. Tom took a taxi to the airport, only _________ (find) his plane high up in the sky. (四川卷)　
汤姆乘出租车去了机场，结果却发现他要乘坐的飞机已飞入高空。
考点二：作结果状语。常用于下列结构中：only to do(表示意想不到的结果)；enough to do(足够做……)；too...to do...(太……而不能做……)；so/such...as to...(如此……以至于……)等
e.g. The old man sat in front of the television every evening, happy __________(see) anything that happened to be on. (全国卷)
考点三：作原因状语。常与表示喜怒哀乐、运气好坏的形容词(happy, ashamed, sorry, glad, delighted, angry, discouraged, shocked...)连用
Homework
一、Fill in the blanks.
(eat, give up, finish, explain, tell)
1.My teacher was made _____________ his teaching because of poor health.
2.The sentence wants________________ once more.
3.We find it impossible for the work __________ ahead of time.
4.The patient was warned _______________ oily food after the operation.
5.I meant ___________ you about it, but I forgot to do so.
6. __________(improve) my English grammar, I watched some videos made by Rainbow. I wanted ________(make) sure that my grammar was as good as it could be. Rainbow helped me ____________ (understand) some complex grammatical points. It is impossible _________(know) everything in a short time, but I improved a lot, and I would really like _________(thank) her for what she did. ________ (help) me like this was very kind.
二、Complete some sentences:
1爱和被爱都是最大的幸福。
___________________________ are both great happiness.
2中国人民决不会征服。
The Chinese people refuse ___________________.
3据说他已经完成了他的工作。
He is said __________________________.
4 根据报道他们已安全到达。
They are reported ____________________
5 我想叫人立刻修理这辆自行车。
I want this bike ___________________________.
6 玛利仿佛已经告诉这件事了。
Mary seemed _____________________________.
7众所周知，奥运会上他被授予了一枚金牌。
He is known _____________________ a gold medal at the Olympic.
8 _________________________________(为了提高英语成绩), Tom goes to the English corner every day.
9 I was__________________________(太累了，难于入睡。)
10 She ran fast _______________________(为了赶上早班车).
11 He is____________________________(富有得可以买辆小汽车).
强化训练
一．单项选择题
1. In Australia, he made a lot of friends ____ a using practical knowledge of the English language.
A. to get B. get C. getting D. got
2. He is said to ____ to his country because a new president comes into power.
A. be allowed to return B. allow to return C. allow returning D. be allowed returning
3. --- Why was the official meeting called --- ____ new officers.
A. Select B. Selecting C. To select D. To have select
4. The boy want to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him ____ .
A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to
5. We agreed _____ here but so far she hasn’t turned up yet.
A. having met B. eating C. to meet D. to have met
6. He was often listened ____ in the next room.
A. sing B. sung C. to sing D. to singing
7. My grandmother seems to have a lot ____ .
A. worry about B. to worry C. to be worried D. to worry about
8. Every minute is made full _____ of _____ our lessons.
A. to use, study B. use, studying C. useful, to study D. use, to study
9. I would love ____ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.
A. to go B. to have gone C. going D. having gone
10. You shouldn’t allow ____ games near the classroom, for it’s too noisy.
A. student playing B. play C. students to play D. to play
二．用括号内（短语）动词的正确形式填空。
1. We can’t afford ________________ (live) in such a big house.
2. The man expects his wife ______________ (bring) him breakfast in bed at weekends.
3. Afraid of ______________ (bite) by snakes, the boy was afraid _____________ (touch) them.
4. James Watt is known ________________ (invent) the steam engine.
5. The book was said __________________ (translate) into German in 1946.
6. The meeting __________________ (hold) tomorrow is of great importance.
7. A quarrel seems ______________ (break out) between the two women and they are still glaring at each other now.
三．根据汉语提示，用不定式完成下列句子。
1. ____________________________ is to lengthen life. (节约时间就是延长生命。)
2. She is easy ___________________________________. (她很好相处。)
3. When I called him, he happened _____________________. (我给他打电话时，他正在洗澡。)
4. The book is said __________________________. (据说这本书已经被翻译成好几种语言。)
5. The experience makes us realize that much of the world remains _______________. (这次经历使我们意识到世界上有很多东西仍有待探索。)
6. The teacher asked us ________________________________. (老师叫我们不要如此吵闹。)
7. The news reporter hurried to the airport, __________________________________. (这位新闻记者急匆匆赶到机场，结果被告知电影明星已经走了。)
8. I don’t think it possible ___________________________________________. (我认为一次记住100个英语单词是不可能的。)
9. Students are not allowed _________________________. (学生不允许吸烟和饮酒。)
10. _________________________________________, call (920) 746-3789. (若要了解更多信息，请拨打电话(920) 746-3789。)