题型六 综合填空(教师版+学生版)2025年中考英语专题复习(人教版)

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名称 题型六 综合填空(教师版+学生版)2025年中考英语专题复习(人教版)
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版本资源 人教新目标(Go for it)版
科目 英语
更新时间 2025-02-23 20:40:29

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题型六 综合填空
科普知识类
Passage 1(2024天津)
Long ago, the early people did not live in houses as we do today. Most of the homes were in caves or shelters(遮蔽物) which were built in trees. These ‘homes’ were only used as temporary (临时的) shelters to p (1) them from the sun, the rain and the wild animals in the forests. Men of that time were called ‘cave people’.
These ‘cave people’ usually lived in small groups and life was not e (2) for them. They had to move from place to place to s (3) for food. They would hunt, fish or pick wild fruit. When they couldn't find a (4) to eat, they would leave to find another proper place. Their tools were very simple. They ate raw(生的) food u (5) they learnt how to make a fire. For clothing, they used only the bark(树皮) of trees or the skins(皮) of animals to c (6) their bodies.
However, the lives of the ‘cave people' changed. They collected the seeds(种子) of wild plants that g (7) in the forests. Soon they learnt to plant fruit, vegetables and other crops. They also kept cows, sheep and other kinds of farm a (8) for milk, meat and skins. They became f (9) and lived in only one certain area. Their groups became l (10) than before as they lived more settled(固定的) lives. They built houses as long-lasting homes, and as a result, villages and towns developed quickly. The ‘cave people’ began to be civilized(文明的).
Passage 2(2018天津)
How do we know the time A clock, a watch or a cell phone can help us. However, many years ago there were no clocks and knowing the time was not so easy. Over the centuries people have developed different w (1) of telling the time.
About 5,500 years ago, the Egyptians i (2) the sun clock. This was a tall stone structure. Its shadow(影子)showed the movement of the s (3). They were able to determine (测定)midday.
About 3,500 years ago, the Egyptians made a sundial. It was smaller than the sun clock and could measure(测量) the time for half a day. On c (4) days or at night it was impossible to tell the time with a sun clock or a sundial.
Water clocks were the f (5) clocks not to use the sun. The idea is simple. Water flows(流动)from one container(容器)to another. When the water reaches a certain l (6), it moves a lever(控制杆) and this shows the hours. The Egyptians used water clocks about 3,400 years ago. These clocks were popular in the Middle East and China but they f (7) to keep accurate(精确的) time.
In the 13th century, the mechanical clock was invented. This was more accurate, b (8) was expensive to make. Over the next few centuries it was developed. For example, springs(发条) were added around 1500. This i (9) accuracy and allowed clocks to be smaller.
In 1927, the first quartz clock was developed. Clocks became cheaper to build and own. People began depending on them more and more to run businesses, markets and so on.
More recently, in 1956, came the digital clock. And nowadays satellites(人造卫星) send our cell phones the time to the exact second. There has been a lot of progress in timekeeping but some things never c (10). Man of us still have trouble getting out of bed on time and not missing appointments.
Passage 3(2024河北区一模)
Long long ago, people around the world did not have money. They traded animals or plants for things they wanted.
In China, in about 1200 BC, people used shells(壳) to buy w (1) they wanted. Later, in about 1000 BC, metal(金属) money a (2). Metal tools l (3) knives were first used as money. The early metal money then developed into the original(最早的) coins. In about 100 BC, Chinese people began to make money out of animal skin(皮). The first paper money was made from white deerskin(鹿皮). In all, China experienced more than 500 years of using the early paper money.
Outside of China, the first coins were made out of gold or silver. In about 700 BC, people made the first metal coins. These early coins were first seen in Lydia, which is part of Turkey now. The shape of these coins is r (4). They looked very similar to the coins we use today. After coins were made in Lydia, people in Rome, Iran, and Greece began making coins. The coins were very strong and would not be e (5) broken. At the beginning of the 19th century, gold became p (6) in England and the US. More and more people began to use it. Later, paper money came into use, and it has been used for several h (7) years.
Money c (8) with time. Today, electronic t (9) develops rapidly. It's convenient for us to pay o (10) the Internet. No matter what it looks like, money is an idea. It is the thought that people can trade something they have for something they want. Money makes trading easier.
Passage 4【文化传承】(2024西青区一模)
The Lantern Festival falls on the 15th day of the first lunar month. This day is always the first full moon in the new year. Ancient people also c (1) it Shangyuan Festival. Celebrations and t (2) on this day began from the Han Dynasty(朝代) and became popular in the Tang Dynasty. Watching the red l (3) is one of the main traditions. Lanterns of different shapes and sizes are usually put on trees, or a (4) river banks on show. It is said that sky lanterns were first used by Zhuge Kongming to ask for help when he was in trouble. Today, when the lanterns slowly r (5) into the air, people make wishes.
Another tradition is g (6) lantern riddles(谜语). The riddles are usually short, wise, and sometimes humorous(幽默的). The answer to a riddle can be a Chinese character(汉字), a famous person's name, or a name of a place.
The most i (7) thing is to eat sweet dumplings with different tastes, because they are symbols of reunion and wishes for good luck. In northern China, they are called yuanxiao w (8) in southern part they're named tangyuan. Because making sweet dumplings is like a game or an activity, they are usually done happily by a group of friends or r (9).
I n old times, the Lantern Festival was also romantic(浪漫的). W (10) lanterns gave young people a chance to meet each other. A line from Xin Qiji, a poet during the Song Dynasty, shows this:
Hundreds and thousands of times I searched for her in the crowd. Suddenly I turned, and there she stood, in the dim light.
Passage 5(2024红桥区一模)
Did you know that tea, the most popular drink in the world, was invented by accident(偶然的) Many people believe that tea was first drunk about 5,000 years ago. It is said that a Chinese ruler called Shen Nong was the f (1) to discover tea as a drink. One day Shen Nong was boiling(煮) drinking water over an open fire. Some l (2) from a tea plant fell into the water and remained there for some time. It produced a nice smell, s (3) he tasted the brown water. It was quite d (4), and so, one of the world's favorite drinks was invented.
A few thousand years l (5), Lu Yu, “the saint(圣人) of the tea”, mentioned Shen Nong in his book Cha Jing. The book describes how tea plants were grown and used to make tea. It also discusses where the finest tea leaves were produced and what kinds of water were used.
It is believed that tea was b (6) to Korea and Japan during the 6th and 7th centuries. In England, tea didn't a (7) until around 1660, but in less than 100 years, it had become the national drink. The tea trade from China to Western countries t (8) place in the 19th century. This h (9) to spread the popularity of tea and the tea plant to more places around the world. Even though many people now know about tea c (10),the Chinese are without doubt the ones who best understand the nature of tea.
Passage 6(2024红桥区二模)
Body language is an important form of comm?unication that is used everywhere, a (1) we don't often think about it. Some messages are understood by people around the world just because they are not c (2) by words. For example, in many countries, people nod their heads to show agreement and they put their fingers up to their mouths to ask for s (3).
H (4), body language is used differently in different cultures. For example, in some Western cultures, people shrug(耸肩) their shoulders to show they don't understand or they don't care about something. This isn't common in o (5) places. In Japan, people b (6) to show respect(尊敬) when they greet each other or say goodbye. This isn't done in the West.
Sometimes, people think they know about the body language customs of certain cultures, but in fact, they don't know enough. Kissing is an example that we need to l (7) about. In many European cultures,women and children are kissed on each cheek(脸颊) by family members or friends when they m (8) in the street. New friends are often greeted with a kiss on the cheek by Europeans at parties. In the Middle East, you must be c (9) about your feet. It is very rude to show the bottom of your shoes when you rest one leg on t (10) of the other. It is also not polite to touch people with your shoes.
So, as we can see,body language is just as important as spoken language when we communicate with people from other cultures.
Passage 7【文化传承】(2024南开区二模)
The chrysanthemum(菊花) is a very popular flower in China. The beautiful flower has many m (1) in Chinese culture.
The chrysanthemum is k (2) as one of the “Four Gentlemen in Plants”. The other three are the plum blossom,the orchid, and bamboo. In the past, they stood for noble(高尚的) qualities.
The chrysanthemum comes out in bright colors during cold a (3) days when most flowers die. They are beautiful, strong and tough. The flower thus greatly inspired(启发) ancient Chinese poets. They spoke highly of its beauty and also used the chrysanthemum to represent(代表) their o (4) in their works.
Tao Yuanming was a f (5) poet. He once wrote a poem about living as a hermit (隐士). He described how he loved the chrysanthemum and used it to show his s (6) in the poem.
“I pluck chrysanthemums under the eastern hedge, and gaze afar toward the southern mountains(采菊东篱下,悠然见南山),” Tao wrote in his poem. Since then, the chrysanthemum has become the s (7) of the hermit. But the chrysanthemum is not only found in Chinese poems.It is also a p (8) of Chinese food.
The Chongyang Festival falls on the ninth day of the ninth month of the lunar year. On that day, drinking wine made from chrysanthemums is a popular tradition. Chrysanthemum tea is also usually seen on Chinese dinner tables. It tastes great. People believe it is good for one's health e (9) for eyes.
In a word, the chrysanthemum has i (10) people's life deeply and widely.
Passage 8(2024红桥区三模)
Some people believe that humans could live on the planet Mars by the year 2100.Our own planet, the Earth, is b (1) more and more crowded and polluted because of the rapid increase in population. It is hoped that people could start all over again and build a better world on Mars. Here is what life there could be l (2).
At present, our spacecraft are too slow to carry large numbers of passengers to Mars — it would t (3) months. With the development of t (4), by the year 2100, the journey might only take about 20 minutes in spacecraft that travel at the speed(速度) of light! However, the spacecraft would travel so f (5) that the journey to Mars might be quite uncomfortable. Many people would feel ill.
Humans cannot survive(生存) w (6) water, oxygen or food. So far, nobody knows whether there would be enough water or oxygen on Mars for people there.
Moreover, scientists are not s (7) whether plants could grow on Mars. Food would most probably be in the form of pills and would not be so tasty.
C (8) with life on the Earth, life on Mars would be better in some ways. People would have more space. They might live in houses with huge comfortable rooms. Also, robots would do most of their work so that they could have more time to r (9).
There would probably be no schools on Mars. Every student would have a computer at home connected to an interplanetary(行星间的)network. They would study at online schools with “e-teachers”.
L (10) on Mars would be interesting as well as challenging.
Passage 9(2023西青区二模)
Some people believe colors can influence our moods. You may wonder whether it's true. In fact, colors can change our moods and make us feel happy or sad, energetic or sleepy. This article explains what colors can do and what characteristics they represent(代表).
Calm colors
Have you ever walked into a room and felt relaxed It could be because the walls were painted blue. Blue is a calm color. It brings p (1) to our mind and body. Blue can also represent sadness, so you may say “I'm feeling blue” when you are feeling s (2).White is another calm color. It is also the color of purity. Many women like to w (3) white on their wedding day.
Warm colors
Some colors, such as orange and yellow, can make you feel warm. People in cold areas prefer warm colors in their homes to c (4) a warm and comfortable feeling.
Orange represents joy. It can c (5) you up when you are feeling sad. Yellow is the color of the sun, so it can remind you of a warm sunny day. Yellow is also the color of wisdom. Some people prefer this color when they hope for s (6).
Energetic colors
W (7) you feel tired or weak, you should wear energetic colors like green. Green can give you e (8), as it is the color of nature and represents new life. However, it is also the color of envy, so we may say someone is “green with envy”.
Strong colors
If you require strength i (9) either body or mind, red may be of some help to you. Red is the color of heat. It represents power and strong feelings. Wearing red can also make i (10) easier to take action. This may help when you are having difficulty making a decision.
生活启示类
Passage 1(2023天津)
A smile shows that a person is happy. For example, a person may smile when he or she is p (1) with some progress in studies. Or a person may smile if a friend tells a funny joke. There are other good r (2) to smile often.
First, it is e (3) to smile than to show unhappiness. In fact, it only takes 17 muscles(肌肉) to smile. On the other hand, it takes 43 muscles to show unhappiness. So give the muscles in your f (4) a rest and smile!
Second, smiles are nice. People may try to l (5) nice by exercising or wearing nice clothes. However, people often say a smile is the best thing a person can wear. That is because it is easy to be a (6) someone who is smiling and happy. Almost no one wants to stay with someone who is always unhappy.
Third, smiles have power(感染力). Both smiling and laughing can easily and quickly s (7) from one person to another. If one person smiles, people around him or her want to smile, too. Similarly, when a person laughs, people tend(往往会) to laugh with him or her. If a person is s (8), the best thing to do is to share a smile or a laugh. It is the easiest way to cheer someone up.
F (9), smiling and laughing are very good for the body.Even though you are sad, try smiling.You'll find that it will be difficult to s (10) sad for very long!
Passage 2(2020天津)
Have you ever heard the saying, “Home, sweet home” This is just another way of saying that it's n (1) to be home! A lot of the people and things we love are at home.
What do you like about being at home
What do you like best about being at home Maybe you like to play with your brothers and sisters.Maybe you e (2) staying with your mum and dad. Maybe you have a pet you like to play with.Spending time with your family is one thing that makes being at home special.
Your bedroom is a (3) thing that makes home special.Your toys, your books, and your favourite things are in your bedroom.Consider what you like best about your room.Is it how it looks Is it your comfortable b (4) that you sleep on Maybe you like to have a q (5) place to read a book or to think about your day.
Mealtime can be a special time at home. Families sit around the table to eat the food Mum or Dad has prepared. It's a time to share interesting s (6) about your day.
How do you help at home
There are a lot of things to do to make home a special place.Who does the chores(家庭杂务) l (7) cleaning, cooking, and yardwork(庭院劳动) at your house When families work t (8) to do the chores, it makes them easier and more fun for everyone. Maybe you can h (9) lay the dinner table or clear the places. Maybe you can pull weeds(草) out of the flower garden. Maybe you can water the vegetable garden or the houseplants. Think about what you can do, so that w (10) you come home every day, you can say, “Home, sweet home!”
Passage 3(2024滨海新区一模)
We can't remember clearly when we started to take our mobile phones to a dinner table. This happens a lot, e (1) when we eat out. Once a dish comes, instead of lifting our chopsticks, we t (2) out our mobile phones and click. Later, we post the photos onto Weibo or WeChat, waiting to be “liked”. Then we check our mobile phones from time to time during the meal to see whether we get “liked” or not. We just cannot l (3) our mobile phones for only a meal.
A recent study suggests that spending time taking photos of food makes the food not so good. To test this, some researchers did an e (4). Some people were asked to take photos before they could enjoy food. As a result, it showed that the more photos they took, the less d (5) the food seemed to them.
Besides the scientific(科学的) result, there are also some other bad influences of taking photos of food b (6) meals. After posting the photos onto the Internet, one will not be able to c (7) himself and check his mobile phone many times. “Does everyone like my photos I hope a lot of people like t (8)!” It seems that your mobile phone secretly calls your name all the time, even when you are with real people.
So, next time you go out to have dinner with your f (9) or friends, how about not taking photos of food Let the food be delicious as it is and s (10) your life with people around you. Trust me, it will be a wonderful time.
Passage 4(2023河西区一模)
One day, a lovely girl found two weak birds while she was walking in the woods. She took them home and p (1) them in a small cage(鸟笼). She fed them with love and the birds grew strong. Every morning they greeted her with a beautiful song. The girl loved them very much and wanted their singing to l (2) forever(永远).
One day, the girl left the cage's door o (3). The larger and stronger one of the two birds flew out of the cage. The girl watched worriedly as it circled high a (4) her. She was afraid that it would fly away and she would never see it a (5). So when it flew close, she grasped(抓住) at it wildly. She was so h (6) that she held it tightly(紧紧地) in her hand! Suddenly, she felt that something happened to the bird. She was surprised to find the bird was d (7). She was very sad.
She noticed the other bird jumping up and down in the cage. She could feel that it wanted to be free. It hoped to fly in the clear, blue s (8). She lifted it from the cage and flew it into the air.
W (9) the bird was flying happily in the sky, she was so glad. She watched the bird circling once, twice, three times…
To her surprise, the bird flew back closer and sat softly on her s (10). It sang the sweetest song she had ever heard.
The fastest way to lose love is to hold it tightly. The best way to keep love is to let it fly.
Passage 5(2023和平区二模)
I remember the day when I first learned to ride a bike. It was a frightening, yet fun experience. My grandfather was the one who taught me and he helped me when I got hurt. The first time I got on a bike, I had no idea w (1) I was doing, and just about everything went wrong. My grandfather told me to just put my feet on the pedals(脚蹬子) and start cycling. He also told me he would hold onto the b (2) of the bike the whole time, yet he didn't.
As soon as I started trying to balance myself, he let the bike go. I happened to look back just then. I was scared to death that I was going to fall and hurt m (3). When I was scared, my mind went blank from cycling, and I just wanted off. I forgot how to use the brakes(车闸) and fell r (4) off the bike. My grandfather kept e (5) me to get up and try again and after about 15 minutes, I finally stopped crying, got up and tried again.
As soon as I started riding again, my pants got caught in the chain, and I fell flat on my face and h (6) my nose. As a result, my grandfather d (7) to call it a day and try again the next morning. The next morning I woke up brightly and early, and was very eager to try to ride my bike. Perhaps my nose felt better, so I wasn't so a (8) of falling anymore.
Even though I knew there were a lot of d (9) on the way to mastering the skills in riding a bike, I believed I could do well with my grandfather's help. After all, riding a bike was a b (10) skill which I wanted to learn eagerly at such a young age. Even till now, I still hold the heart and passion in my life.
Passage 6(2023南开区二模)
Many books have been written about “the art of giving”. But what about the art of receiving Sometimes, receiving a gift can be difficult, especially when someone buys you a gift you don't w (1)!
“I remember when I was about twelve years old, my parents g (2) me a purple schoolbag,” says Xiaojing. “It really made me feel embarrassed(尴尬的), because I thought the schoolbag was really ugly!Still, I pretended(假装) that I l (3) it because I knew it would make my parents happy!”
Lingling a (4).“That sounds like my grandparents! A few years ago, my grandparents bought me an orange sweater for my birthday. I used to wear it every time I visited them, but I took it off i (5) as soon as I left their house! Of course, this made me feel sorry. It was a very nice thought, but my grandparents have different taste from me!I think it's hard to buy c (6)or other personal things for people.”
To make things easier, some people j (7) use money as a gift. In some cultures, however, receiving money can make people uncomfortable. “When someone gives me money, it only makes me think they're being lazy,” says John. “In England, we have a saying: It's the thought that counts. If someone gives me money, I feel they don't think at all. I p (8) to receive a gift that has some thought behind it. I don't m (9) if it's something that I don't need. If someone has thought about a gift for me, it always makes me happy.”
Different people have very different thoughts on this s (10)! So maybe the art of receiving is even more difficult than the art of giving!What do you think
Passage 7(2023滨海新区二模)
In the past, whenever I was working towards a goal(目标), I would meet one problem over and over again. For the first few days, I would be e (1) to do the work.But it never lasted for a long time.Day by day, I fell into a lazy situation.
After years of efforts, I found out the best way to overcome(克服) this p (2):use the power of responsibility(责任).Generally, to push ourselves to c (3) a task, we need to tell the task to other people.We can tell it to those people who we trust.
Take new year's resolutions(决心) as an example. People set good goals: don't smoke or eat l (4) junk food.But they usually give up in a few days.This is b (5) they only depend on themselves. So, after the excitement at the beginning, people fall back into old habits q (6).
A better way to turn your new year's resolution into s (7) is to look for a few partners(伙伴) to supervise(监督) you. For example, you can start a small group of about three or four people who all have new year's goals. Make a weekly or monthly report to s (8) your progress and next goals with each other.In this way, you can create a system in your environment that helps you to k (9) active.
If you have a goal you want to achieve, make sure to have someone a (10) our partner.In return, you can be a partner for them.Then you create a good partnership that will speed(加速) up your steps to success.
Passage 8(2023部分区二模)
One day Fred's aunt sent him a new spade(铁锹) and a small box of seeds(种子). As soon as he got them, he went out to his own garden to plant the seeds.
His sister Jane went with h (1). As he dug, she stood near him and talked to him with the box of seeds in her hand. As Jane spoke, she dropped the box of seeds on the g (2) by mistake. All the seeds fell out. Jane was afraid and s (3) sorry to Fred, but Fred didn't speak to her.
“Oh, Fred.” she cried. “Why don't you speak to me ”
Fred answered, “I wanted to wait t (4) I could count to ten.”
“Count to ten,” said Jane. “Why did you want to count to ten ”
“Aunt once told me to count to ten before I spoke, if I felt angry. I know that I am often angry with you, and I wanted to do the right thing t (5) time,” said Fred.
“Oh, Fred. H (6) good you are! It was very careless of me to let the seeds fall, b (7) I have collected them again. Here they are.”
The seeds were put into the ground, and day b (8) day Fred and Jane came to watch them grow. At last, a lot of small green l (9) appeared above the ground. They soon grew larger and had p (10) flowers, making the children very happy.
Before you speak too fast in anger, count to ten, and if you are still angry, count again.
Passage 9(2023东丽区二模)
People are playing video games everywhere these days, whether they're riding a bus or sitting in a restaurant. Some of them e (1) these games so much that they can't put them down.
But is this a healthy habit The World Health Organization(WHO) doesn't t (2) so. In June, it named “gaming disorder(障碍)” as a mental disorder in its International Classification of Diseases, CNN reported.
“Gaming disorder” refers to persistent(持续的) or recurrent(反复出现的) video?gaming behavior, whether online or offline. Of course, not everyone who plays video games has this disorder. It has three m (3) characteristics(特征).
The first sign is when the player loses c (4) over his or her gaming habits. The second is when playing games becomes more important than other a (5) for the player. The third is when the condition leads to serious problems in the player's personal and family life. Many experts have welcomed the decision. It is believed that new ways to t (6) this disorder will appear following the WHO classification.
In fact, some countries are already working to s (7) this problem. South Korea has introduced a law stopping children under 16 from playing online games between midnight and 6 am, USA Today reported. Chinese tech company Tencent is also setting limits(限制) on the a (8)of time that teenagers can play its games. Children between 12 and 18 years old can only play two hours per day.
If you have “gaming disorder”, you should a (9) for professional medical help. But you can use delayed gratification(延迟满足) to deal with it, if your condition is not serious, the National Institute of Education Sciences pointed that out.
For example, if you tell yourself not to play any video games on weekdays, you can allow yourself to play for three hours during the weekend. Or if you really want to play them after school, you can tell yourself that you cannot do so u (10) you have finished your homework.
社会生活类
Passage 1(2022天津)
In the small villages of Kenya(肯尼亚), Africa, most kids want to read books.But no roads go to their homes, only miles and miles of sand. Cars and trucks are not useful, s (1) library books arrive on the backs of camels.Camels can handle(应付)the sand and the books.Two camels, a camel driver, and a librarian(图书管理员) w (2) to the villages together. One camel carries about 180 kilos of books, and the other carries a tent. At each village, the librarian sets up the tent and shows the b (3) to the kids inside. Two weeks later, the camels c (4) back with new books.
Some people in the mountains of northern Thailand(泰国) get books in a d (5) way. Their “l (6)” are carried by elephants.These animals can handle the difficult journey. Because they are large, they can carry many books in metal cases(金属箱). The metal protects the books from the heavy rains that f (7) in the area.
Indonesia(印度尼西亚) has its own difficulties.The country has over 17,000 islands. Most people t (8) by boat and they also carry their books by boat. A library boat holds(容纳) about 500 books in boxes. Boxes of books are left in villages and are traded(交换) for new books a few weeks l (9).
For people who live far and can't get to a library, a library that comes to them brings more than books.It brings a whole w (10) of information.
Passage 2(2019天津)
The villagers in Mhangeni, Africa, faced a very big challenge(挑战).They didn't have a school for their kids.
Then the village elder thought of an i (1).He said that there was an old, abandoned(废弃的) farmhouse. It could be changed into classrooms after cleaning and furnishing(装设备) it. All the villagers were p (2) with his suggestion and started the project immediately.
The parents repaired the broken walls.Some villagers d (3) the house into three classrooms by using pieces of wood. The others helped make desks and chairs for the students. Still, there was much more work to do. But the rains were coming. They had to s (4) working for the school as it was now the best time for them to plant.
So the children of Mhangeni decided to finish the house by t (5). They had to hurry as summer had ended and other schools had already opened.They didn't want to delay(耽搁) their studies.Every day they were busy with work like cutting the grass and clearing the bushes(灌木).
The news about the project s (6) and many people knew it.Two teachers who worked for the country's Department of Education arrived to help out, and two foreign visitors were also touched(感动) by the children's a (7). They donated money for them to buy textbooks and stationery.
After 10 days of hard work, the new school was r (8).The kids were very happy but a bit worried — they were behind in their studies.
Besides(除……之外) this, they also faced many d (9).There were not enough classrooms to hold all the students.And two or three students had to share one book.
However, the children are happy to study in school — e (10) in their new school which they helped to build. Though their school might not be modern, their dream of having a school near their homes has come true.
Passage 3(2024河东区一模)
The 6th World Intelligence Congress(WIC) was held online in Tianjin on June 24, 2022. It brought famous guests together, i (1) Nobel Prize and Turing Award winners. As one of the leading events in the field of smart technology, it had made m ( 2) great achievements in the past five years and pushed the development of next?generation AI. Here are a few of the most important points.
First, a h (3) number of latest scientific and technological achievements have been exhibited(展览). In past years, various products and t (4) have been exhibited, such as robots that perform in the orchestra, smart homes and smrat transport.
Second, i (5) exchanges and cooperation(交流与合作) have been deepened. The Global Forum on Urban Governance(城市治理全球论坛) was also held in 2021, with leaders from 41 c (6), and organizations joining and finding development through two?way learning. By holding the high-level WIC, Tianjin has b (7) an even larger platform for international cooperation in more fields.
Third, intelligent technology has been d (8) integrated(融入)into social development. The host city Tianjin builds a national advanced manufacturing R&D base(先进制造业研发基地).It is pouring new power i (9) the city's high-quality development.
Li Hongzhong said Tianjin has been aiming to be a pioneer(先驱)in AI development and made a series of achievements over the past five years. Tianjin will try i (10) best to make manufacturing a main power for the city's development and deepen the reform(改革) of the local science and technology management system.
Passage 4(2024部分区一模)
Have you ever wondered what PE classes are like in other countries In China, PE tests are required to graduate(毕业) from b (1) middle school and high school. To get good grades on the PE tests, Chinese students will need to p (2) running and doing sit?ups and pull?ups(引体向上). H (3), this is not the way that PE classes work in the US high schools.
In my high school, we are required to take two semesters(学期) of PE to graduate. We play real sports during PE classes, such as basketball and v (4). There are also some other typical(种类) America sports that we often play,such as kickball and dodgeball(躲避球).I didn't know the r (5) of kickball and dodgeball when I first came to the US. The teacher allowed me to sit on the sidelines, and w (6) how other students played it in order to let me figure out(弄清楚) the rules.
We also learn some useful life skills in PE. Last year, I learned how to do CPR(心肺复苏),which is a life-saving skill. We were also taught how to p (7) first aid to someone who is choking(窒息). These skills are a large part of the final grade for the PE class in my h (8) school. Self-defense(自卫) is taught in PE class as w (9). This includes some taekwondo(跆拳道), karate(空手道) skills and Chinese kung fu. It is practical.
I p (10)PE classes in the US to the ones in China. I think they are more fun and useful. What do you think
Passage 5(2024河西区一模)
Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) is used to help people keep the balance of yin and yang. But have you ever imagined that one day you can learn herb(药草) planting and TCM courses at school
A primary school in Nanjing has just o (1) a herb farm. More than 30 herbs are p (2). Students there are guided(指导) by doctors from a TCM hospital to tell d (3) herbs and learn plant development, medicinal value as well as growing herbs. The hospital has also donated over 100 cartoon books about TCM to help draw children's a (4) in herbal medicine.
Another middle school has i (5) TCM courses to students of all grades.
These courses contain a basic k (6) of herbs, herb planting and cooking with herbs.
They give students a deeper understanding of TCM, bringing out their sense of p (7) in Chinese traditions and the country's rich culture.
Also in Shanghai, Tongji University has p (8) foreign students with some chances to plant different kinds of herbs w (9) used in Chinese medicine and cooking. By taking care of the plants, foreign students can get first?hand experience of making herbal medicine from start to finish, and spread TCM culture to their o (10) countries.
The herb planting courses at schools and universities across China get students close to TCM and help pass on the tradition.
Passage 6(2023河北区一模)
Most of us have spent time at a museum, looking at and learning about the things there. Every year, museums put a lot of money and work into keeping their objects(物品) in good c (1). They make sure the temperature and light levels are always just r (2), and that the air isn't too wet.
However, even if all of them are correct, some things can still be harmful to a valuable object — insects(昆虫). Often they enter the museum inside the object itself. They may a (3) be brought in by accident on visitors' clothes. Once inside the museum, they can quickly m (4) from one object to another, and they enjoy eating natural material(材料) such as wood, cotton, silk and wool.
Museum experts(专家) say that the older the objects are, the more the insects seem to like them. That's a problem because these things can't e (5) be repaired. As a result, museums will try almost anything to s (6) insects from harming their collections. For example, a new object will be kept separately at first. Then, when staff(工作人员) are sure there are no insects inside, it can be put on show. If insects are f (7) in a piece of clothing or art, placing it in a freezer(冷冻柜) is one way of getting rid of(除掉) them.
But now one museum in the US has decided to try something new. They are t (8) a dog to find insects. Dogs have an e (9) sense of smell. Usually the dog sits down to show what it has found. Staff at the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston hope that their dog, Riley, will learn to do this when it finds insects. They say that at the moment it's just an experiment. However, if Riley can help find insects b (10) they do a lot of harm, other museums are sure to be interested.
事物介绍类
Passage 1(2021天津)
Electric cars may seem like a recent invention, but they've been around for years. In the early 1900s, there were more electric cars on the road than there were petrol(汽油) cars. At that time, petrol was e (1) compared with other fuels(燃料). W (2) petrol prices dropped and new technologies were developed,electric cars went out of fashion(过时).Instead, petrol cars became more p (3) because they could travel longer distances(距离) without stopping.
During the 20th century, petrol cars got bigger, heavier, and faster.They needed more fuel, and it c (4) more air pollution. For years, car makers didn't worry about pollution.They didn't worry about the amount of petrol cars used, e (5).But when people began to realise that there was not enough oil on the earth, they asked car makers to produce more efficient(高效能的) and less polluting cars.
One m (6) of solving the problem was a “hybrid” car(混合动力车), one that ran partly on petrol and partly on electricity. Hybrid cars became popular in the 2000s when petrol prices went up and the prices of hybrid cars went d (7).
An all-electric car uses no petrol.The problem, however, is that car batteries(电池) need to be recharged(再充电).That makes electric cars not so useful for long j (8). Many people are not p (9) with it.The government and car makers are w (10) together to develop safe, cheap, and useful electric cars.When people have these cars in the future, a petrol station may be a thing of the past.
Passage 2【科技创新】(2024南开区一模)
Do you ever find yourself standing in front of rubbish bins, not sure whether the piece of waste in your hand is recyclable or not To s (1) this problem, four Hong Kong high school students have i (2) a small rubbish bin that uses AI to sort(分类).
Connected to a computer, the bin uses a camera to tell the kind of the waste it receives and sorts it into plastic, paper, or o (3) kinds. To make sure the bin can sort waste correctly, the team tested every product in the school shop and t (4) at least 500 pictures of each one, so the AI system has a better rate of accuracy(精准度).
The i (5) of the smart bin was born two years ago, when the students were in Grade Ten. At that time, people from the city crowded into their village. They left behind a lot of rubbish and c (6) more pollution.“All the bins were full, and there was even rubbish on the mountain. We had to pick up the waste every weekend,” the students recalled.
The students decided to develop a special recycling bin that would encourage people to protect the e (7). They worked hard. The team would continue to work on their invention until 6 or 7 p.m. at school, a (8) school ended at 2 p.m. From time to time, they met and worked together online.
“Our bin is now in its third generation(代). Before graduation, we h (9) it can be widely used in the city,” The students said. “Then it will be e (10) than ever for people to recycle waste.”
Passage 3(2024河东区二模)
How can you do calculations(计算) quickly These days, you are a (1) to use a calculator(计算器). But how about people in ancient times In the very beginning, the cleverest among them thought of using stones. Then, around the 2nd century B.C. Chinese b (2) to use the abacuses(算盘).Now some researchers c (3) it to be the world's oldest calculator. In China, people used abacuses to do calculations for thousands of years b (4) electronic calculators became popular.
The abacus is usually made of wood. It has many beads(珠子). Each bead above the horizontal divider(水平分隔器) s (5) for five, and each bead below the divider means one. By moving the beads with fingers up or down, one can do all kinds of calculations.
It is great to watch a skilled hand use an abacus. You can watch f (6) move and beads knock. And after a few seconds, the result comes out. Through lots of p (7), you can use the abacus well. In the past, the abacus was used in all schools. It was considered to be a b (8) skill that everybody needed to pick up.
Today, p (9) you can hardly see abacuses because they are no longer widely used. However, we can still feel the important role they once played. Abacuses have become a symbol of much money. Some have come to b (10) that abacuses can bring their owners wealth. People often give a new baby a golden abacus-shaped amulet(护身符) as a present. It is thought that the amulet will help the kid grow up and become a rich person.
Passage 4(2024西青区二模)
E-book is short for electronic book. It is usually read on personal computers. Some mobile phones can also be used to r (1) e-books.
Earlier e-books were written for a small group of readers and were about only a few s (2). With the d (3) of the Internet, knowledge and answers to a lot of questions mainly come from e-books. This is why the e-book business is increasing more q (4).
E-books have many advantages. First,they save time. We don't need to go to a bookstore to buy books. Besides, we can find the topic we want to know about on the Internet, and t (5) we can quickly get many e-books on similar topics. Second, e-books save money. Some e-books cost a little money, and there are millions of e-books on the Internet w (6) we can get for free. Third, more fees are saved because e-books don't need to be p (7) on paper. Fourth, e-books make reading more convenient(方便). We can carry a whole library of hundreds of books w (8) us in a small computer or any e-book reader without worrying about their weight.
But e-books have certain disadvantages. They need a personal computer or an e-book reader and the information can be l (9) if its file format(文件格式)is not supported or changed in the reader's computer.
However, e-books p (10) us with a new way of reading. That is good.
Passage 5(2024滨海新区二模)
For thousands of years,rice has been central on the table of the Chinese diet. All over the country today, countless numbers of people begin their day w (1) a bowl of rice porridge. In fact, for many, especially in southern China, no meal is c (2) without a helping of steamed rice(米饭).
A key part of everyday meals, rice is also a highlight of traditional Chinese f (3).
Niangao, a cake made from sticky rice flour(粘米面), is a p (4) Spring Festival food. As gao s (5) the same sound as高, meaning “high” in Chinese, the eating of niangao is b (6) to improve status (地位) in the new year.
The Lantern Festival falls on the 15th day of the first lunar month each year. Small sticky rice balls, k (7) as yuanxiao in the north and tangyuan in the south, are eaten w (8) during this festival. These round rice balls are traditionally seen as s (9) of family reunion(团聚).
From the Spring Festival to the Lantern Festival, the Dragon Boat Festival and the Laba Festival, rice plays a role in many of our favourite c (10). Not only does it lend special tastes to these Festivals, rice also helps add magic and charm(魅力).
Passage 6(2024和平区三模)
Are you an “I” person or an “E” person We hear this question a lot these days.
In f (1),these are two personality(性格) types based on the MBTI test. Generally, an “I” person is shy and quiet, while an “E” person is outgoing.
So what is the MBTI test It's a personality test that helps us understand our personality b (2) and tells us how we relate to the world around us. It was d (3) in the 1940s by Katharine Cook Briggs.
When you take the MBTI test, you are given several sets of questions. For each question you need to c (4) the answer that best matches your feelings, attitudes and behavior. Then you'll know what your personality type is.
The MBTI test is popular for many r (5). Let's take a closer look at just a few. First people want to understand themselves. Human personality is very complex(复杂的), and this test provides a simple way for people to learn about t (6). Next, taking the MBTI test is relaxing and enjoyable, b (7) its questions are interesting. Then, people try to find connections. The MBTI test o (8) a way to go beyond small talk and connect with other on a deeper level. Finally, while there are many kinds of personality tests on the market, the MBTI test is the most widely used.
The MBTI test may show s (9) we don't know about ourselves and can be a fun way to help us make new friends. But knowing someone's MBTI results doesn't m (10) we really know that person. Nor do the MBTI results define(定义) who we are.
人物故事类
Passage 1(2024部分区二模)
Did you ever eat cartoon steamed buns(馒头) If not, you can b (1) them in Bi Chenggong's shop.
Bi is from Inner Mongolia(内蒙古), China. He looks a little heavy. You may wonder if he can make those lovely steamed buns. The a (2) is yes, and he is really good at that.
About six years ago, Bi found many people liked to buy creative steamed buns to show their best wishes w (3) they celebrated their children's 12th birthday. However, there were few creative steamed bun shops in Hohhot(呼和浩特). So he d (4) to open one.
To learn h (5) to make cute steamed buns, Bi read cookbooks and watched videos online. He even went to Shandong and Shanxi to learn f (6) local people. He also tried and practiced really hard, “That's very important,” he said.
Bi's steamed buns are lovely. They are in different s (7), such as Peppa Pig, Mickey Mouse and Snow White. Bi is s (8) about the food materials(材料), too. Although his steamed buns are colourful, they are healthy. The colours are from v (9) like spinach(菠菜)and carrots. Children like them very much and call him “Steamed bun man”. Bi is g (10) about that. He promises to make more cartoon steamed buns for them.
Passage 2(2024河西区二模)
Chen Xingrong, 16, whose favorite activity is jumping onto the swing(秋千)in the living room. The swing was s (1) up by his father to help him learn how to swim without water.
He was diagnosed(诊断) with autism(自闭症) when he was a baby.“We did not understand why such a thing would happen to us,” Chen Xunhu says, adding that he began travelling to big c (2) such as Beijing and Guangzhou to learn more about autism. He even quit(停止) his job and paid his full a (3) to the disease.
In 2012, the father learned that swimming could help people with autism, so he spent months learning how to swim by watching videos and reading books. At first the training to his son didn't w (4). To his surprise, after three months, he discovered that his son had developed the ability to control his b (5) under water. It improved his confidence, and swimming soon became a keen(热衷的) activity of the family.
Thanks to the strict training and the love and support of his family and community members, Chen Xingrong m (6) to become an outstanding swimmer. Last year, he won five m (7), including a gold, a (8) the eighth National Special Olympic Games.
As well as swimming, learning b (9) life skills is also an important part of life for a teenager with autism. With his father's efforts, Chen has learned to buy food in the market. He also works as a v (10) at a restaurant and likes to take care of patients in a clinic(诊所) by covering the patients with quilts(被子).
“I hope he will live a wonderful life in the future.”
Passage 3(2023河东区一模)
Huang Wenxiu is the role model of the times. In 2022, a TV show The Daughter of The Mountain told us her s (1). It was thought of highly by many people.
When Huang was in college, the idea of serving her home town came to her.
She wanted to go back and do her best to i (2) the backward situation of her home town. After graduating from Beijing Normal University in 2016, Huang r (3) to Baise, her home town, instead of staying in the capital. She once said, “I grew up in a mountainous v (4) where quite a number of people live in poverty(贫穷). And all I wish is to do my part to c (5) their lives.”
But Huang soon discovered that her job was not e (6). She had been worried about the village development for a long time. It took her two months just to visit the 195 poor families through the village. The road out of poverty is l (7). She travelled 25,000 kilometres by car in one year in the job. Huang encouraged villagers to plant sugar oranges and many other plants, and she helped them learn about how to sell their products online. L (8), 8,418 villagers were lifted out of poverty in the end thanks to Huang Wenxiu's hard work.
However, on June 16, 2019, Huang lost her life at the age of 30 because of a flash flood(山洪). She was swept away by the flood when she was d (9) back to work.
A (10) she passed away, her spirit still lives on. “I believe that one day we can turn our country into the rich one.” Huang Wenxiu once dreamed of.
Passage 4(2023河北区二模)
Inventor Clarence Birdseye was born in New York in 1886. From a young age, he was interested in animals and plants and in 1906, Birdseye went to college. However, two years later, he l (1) college for family reasons. Then he took a job and worked for the US government.
In 1912, Birdseye moved to Labrador — now in Canada. He stayed there u (2) 1915.When he was in Labrador, Birdseye watched local people fishing t (3) holes which was cut in an icy lake. As soon as they pulled out fish, the fish at once froze(冻结) in the very cold a (4). He noticed that they could then be kept for a long p (5). When people wanted some to eat, they could defrost(解冻) them without losing any of the freshness. Birdseye realised that cooling food very quickly was the key to keeping its freshness. This was easy in very cold environments. In w (6) environments, people had to freeze food slowly. When food is frozen in this way, ice crystals(冰晶), shaped like knives, start to grow inside it. These cut into the food and change the food's cellular structure(细胞结构) and then its taste. It took Birdseye years to work out how to cool food quickly enough to stop them from growing. Then he began to wonder how this way of freezing might work with fresh v (7) and other food like fish and meat.
After a lot of efforts, in the late 1920s, Birdseye developed a m (8) to freeze food fast in the US. Later, he i (9) the first line of frozen food into the market. Frozen food began to be widely accepted.
Birdseye died in 1956.Today people c (10) him as the father of the modern frozen food industry(行业).
Passage 5(2023和平区三模)
If you were a little screw(螺丝), could you stick to your post(岗位) forever Lei Feng answered the question with his service to his country.
Lei Feng was probably the most f (1) soldier. He helped many people w (2) he was alive. He carried luggage for the elderly and p (3) food for the poor children. He once gave all his money to his friend's sick parents and he darned(缝补) pants and socks for his fellow soldiers.
Lei Feng h (4) spoke about what he did for others. After he died in 1962, people found his d (5) and learned about him. He became a symbol of the giving spirit. “There is a limit(限制) to one's life, b (6) no limit to serving the people,” Lei Feng said.
In 1963, Chairman Mao Zedong called on the nation to learn from Lei Feng, and each year's March 5 has been n (7) as “Lei Feng Day”. On that day, students do all kinds of volunteer work to learn from the role model. This year, some fifth graders in Shijiazhuang put the shared bikes a (8) the road in order.
Being a volunteer needs to learn a lot. According to Jiang Meng, a 26?year?old volunteer from the Youth Team of Shougang Winter Olympics Service Group, volunteers have to know all about the events. They also keep in m (9) the history and stories behind them to better show the beauty of Shougang and Beijing to guests. “People say volunteering is about g (10), but I've got a lot through being a volunteer — the honor and the praise, as well as the growing personal skills,” said Jiang.
Passage 6(2023红桥区三模)
Leonardo da Vinci(莱昂纳多·达·芬奇)was born on April 15th, 1452 in a northern Italian town. He is c (1) one of the greatest painters of all time.He is still f (2) today because of the Mona Lisa and other well?known paintings. H (3), not many people know he was also an engineer and an inventor.
Da Vinci was interested in science and art, and he was a pioneer in many areas. He drew plans and pictures and w (4) about his many ideas in his diaries.Since he died on May 2nd, 1519, people have been learning from them.They included plans for an adding machine, bridges as well as drawings of musical i (5), flying machines and machines for war, such as guns(枪).
Since many of da Vinci's inventions were ahead of their time, they were only tested hundreds of years later.Because he couldn't test them, not all of da Vinci's plans worked out as well as he wished.However, some of his ideas w (6) well.For example, one of his bridges was finally built 500 years a (7) it was drawn and flying machines, such as helicopters, are very common now.
Some think da Vinci wanted to keep his ideas secret as he wrote his diary in code(密码). O (8) think it was just easier for him to write this way because he was left?handed. Either way, da Vinci's d (9) can only be read with a mirror because everything is written backwards.As it t (10) some time to translate the diaries, they were published(出版) more than 150 years after his death.题型六 综合填空
科普知识类
Passage 1(2024天津)
Long ago, the early people did not live in houses as we do today. Most of the homes were in caves or shelters(遮蔽物) which were built in trees. These ‘homes’ were only used as temporary (临时的) shelters to protect (1) them from the sun, the rain and the wild animals in the forests. Men of that time were called ‘cave people’.
These ‘cave people’ usually lived in small groups and life was not easy (2) for them. They had to move from place to place to search (3) for food. They would hunt, fish or pick wild fruit. When they couldn't find anything (4) to eat, they would leave to find another proper place. Their tools were very simple. They ate raw(生的) food until (5) they learnt how to make a fire. For clothing, they used only the bark(树皮) of trees or the skins(皮) of animals to cover (6) their bodies.
However, the lives of the ‘cave people' changed. They collected the seeds(种子) of wild plants that grew (7) in the forests. Soon they learnt to plant fruit, vegetables and other crops. They also kept cows, sheep and other kinds of farm animals (8) for milk, meat and skins. They became farmers (9) and lived in only one certain area. Their groups became larger (10) than before as they lived more settled(固定的) lives. They built houses as long-lasting homes, and as a result, villages and towns developed quickly. The ‘cave people’ began to be civilized(文明的).
Passage 2(2018天津)
How do we know the time A clock, a watch or a cell phone can help us. However, many years ago there were no clocks and knowing the time was not so easy. Over the centuries people have developed different ways (1) of telling the time.
About 5,500 years ago, the Egyptians invented (2) the sun clock. This was a tall stone structure. Its shadow(影子)showed the movement of the sun (3). They were able to determine (测定)midday.
About 3,500 years ago, the Egyptians made a sundial. It was smaller than the sun clock and could measure(测量) the time for half a day. On cloudy (4) days or at night it was impossible to tell the time with a sun clock or a sundial.
Water clocks were the first (5) clocks not to use the sun. The idea is simple. Water flows(流动)from one container(容器)to another. When the water reaches a certain level (6), it moves a lever(控制杆) and this shows the hours. The Egyptians used water clocks about 3,400 years ago. These clocks were popular in the Middle East and China but they failed (7) to keep accurate(精确的) time.
In the 13th century, the mechanical clock was invented. This was more accurate, but (8) was expensive to make. Over the next few centuries it was developed. For example, springs(发条) were added around 1500. This improved (9) accuracy and allowed clocks to be smaller.
In 1927, the first quartz clock was developed. Clocks became cheaper to build and own. People began depending on them more and more to run businesses, markets and so on.
More recently, in 1956, came the digital clock. And nowadays satellites(人造卫星) send our cell phones the time to the exact second. There has been a lot of progress in timekeeping but some things never change (10). Man of us still have trouble getting out of bed on time and not missing appointments.
Passage 3(2024河北区一模)
Long long ago, people around the world did not have money. They traded animals or plants for things they wanted.
In China, in about 1200 BC, people used shells(壳) to buy what (1) they wanted. Later, in about 1000 BC, metal(金属) money appeared (2). Metal tools like (3) knives were first used as money. The early metal money then developed into the original(最早的) coins. In about 100 BC, Chinese people began to make money out of animal skin(皮). The first paper money was made from white deerskin(鹿皮). In all, China experienced more than 500 years of using the early paper money.
Outside of China, the first coins were made out of gold or silver. In about 700 BC, people made the first metal coins. These early coins were first seen in Lydia, which is part of Turkey now. The shape of these coins is round (4). They looked very similar to the coins we use today. After coins were made in Lydia, people in Rome, Iran, and Greece began making coins. The coins were very strong and would not be easily (5) broken. At the beginning of the 19th century, gold became popular (6) in England and the US. More and more people began to use it. Later, paper money came into use, and it has been used for several hundred (7) years.
Money changes (8) with time. Today, electronic technology (9) develops rapidly. It's convenient for us to pay over (10) the Internet. No matter what it looks like, money is an idea. It is the thought that people can trade something they have for something they want. Money makes trading easier.
Passage 4【文化传承】(2024西青区一模)
The Lantern Festival falls on the 15th day of the first lunar month. This day is always the first full moon in the new year. Ancient people also called (1) it Shangyuan Festival. Celebrations and traditions (2) on this day began from the Han Dynasty(朝代) and became popular in the Tang Dynasty. Watching the red lanterns (3) is one of the main traditions. Lanterns of different shapes and sizes are usually put on trees, or along (4) river banks on show. It is said that sky lanterns were first used by Zhuge Kongming to ask for help when he was in trouble. Today, when the lanterns slowly rise (5) into the air, people make wishes.
Another tradition is guessing (6) lantern riddles(谜语). The riddles are usually short, wise, and sometimes humorous(幽默的). The answer to a riddle can be a Chinese character(汉字), a famous person's name, or a name of a place.
The most important/interesting (7) thing is to eat sweet dumplings with different tastes, because they are symbols of reunion and wishes for good luck. In northern China, they are called yuanxiao while (8) in southern part they're named tangyuan. Because making sweet dumplings is like a game or an activity, they are usually done happily by a group of friends or relatives (9).
I n old times, the Lantern Festival was also romantic(浪漫的). Watching (10) lanterns gave young people a chance to meet each other. A line from Xin Qiji, a poet during the Song Dynasty, shows this:
Hundreds and thousands of times I searched for her in the crowd. Suddenly I turned, and there she stood, in the dim light.
Passage 5(2024红桥区一模)
Did you know that tea, the most popular drink in the world, was invented by accident(偶然的) Many people believe that tea was first drunk about 5,000 years ago. It is said that a Chinese ruler called Shen Nong was the first (1) to discover tea as a drink. One day Shen Nong was boiling(煮) drinking water over an open fire. Some leaves (2) from a tea plant fell into the water and remained there for some time. It produced a nice smell, so (3) he tasted the brown water. It was quite delicious (4), and so, one of the world's favorite drinks was invented.
A few thousand years later (5), Lu Yu, “the saint(圣人) of the tea”, mentioned Shen Nong in his book Cha Jing. The book describes how tea plants were grown and used to make tea. It also discusses where the finest tea leaves were produced and what kinds of water were used.
It is believed that tea was brought (6) to Korea and Japan during the 6th and 7th centuries. In England, tea didn't appear (7) until around 1660, but in less than 100 years, it had become the national drink. The tea trade from China to Western countries took (8) place in the 19th century. This helped (9) to spread the popularity of tea and the tea plant to more places around the world. Even though many people now know about tea culture (10),the Chinese are without doubt the ones who best understand the nature of tea.
Passage 6(2024红桥区二模)
Body language is an important form of comm?unication that is used everywhere, although (1) we don't often think about it. Some messages are understood by people around the world just because they are not communicated (2) by words. For example, in many countries, people nod their heads to show agreement and they put their fingers up to their mouths to ask for silence(3).
Howener (4), body language is used differently in different cultures. For example, in some Western cultures, people shrug(耸肩) their shoulders to show they don't understand or they don't care about something. This isn't common in other (5) places. In Japan, people bow (6) to show respect(尊敬) when they greet each other or say goodbye. This isn't done in the West.
Sometimes, people think they know about the body language customs of certain cultures, but in fact, they don't know enough. Kissing is an example that we need to learn (7) about. In many European cultures,women and children are kissed on each cheek(脸颊) by family members or friends when they meet (8) in the street. New friends are often greeted with a kiss on the cheek by Europeans at parties. In the Middle East, you must be careful (9) about your feet. It is very rude to show the bottom of your shoes when you rest one leg on top (10) of the other. It is also not polite to touch people with your shoes.
So, as we can see,body language is just as important as spoken language when we communicate with people from other cultures.
Passage 7【文化传承】(2024南开区二模)
The chrysanthemum(菊花) is a very popular flower in China. The beautiful flower has many meanings (1) in Chinese culture.
The chrysanthemum is known (2) as one of the “Four Gentlemen in Plants”. The other three are the plum blossom,the orchid, and bamboo. In the past, they stood for noble(高尚的) qualities.
The chrysanthemum comes out in bright colors during cold autumn (3) days when most flowers die. They are beautiful, strong and tough. The flower thus greatly inspired(启发) ancient Chinese poets. They spoke highly of its beauty and also used the chrysanthemum to represent(代表) their opinions (4) in their works.
Tao Yuanming was a famous (5) poet. He once wrote a poem about living as a hermit (隐士). He described how he loved the chrysanthemum and used it to show his spirit (6) in the poem.
“I pluck chrysanthemums under the eastern hedge, and gaze afar toward the southern mountains(采菊东篱下,悠然见南山),” Tao wrote in his poem. Since then, the chrysanthemum has become the symbol (7) of the hermit. But the chrysanthemum is not only found in Chinese poems.It is also a part (8) of Chinese food.
The Chongyang Festival falls on the ninth day of the ninth month of the lunar year. On that day, drinking wine made from chrysanthemums is a popular tradition. Chrysanthemum tea is also usually seen on Chinese dinner tables. It tastes great. People believe it is good for one's health especially (9) for eyes.
In a word, the chrysanthemum has influenced (10) people's life deeply and widely.
Passage 8(2024红桥区三模)
Some people believe that humans could live on the planet Mars by the year 2100.Our own planet, the Earth, is becoming (1) more and more crowded and polluted because of the rapid increase in population. It is hoped that people could start all over again and build a better world on Mars. Here is what life there could be like (2).
At present, our spacecraft are too slow to carry large numbers of passengers to Mars — it would take (3) months. With the development of technology (4), by the year 2100, the journey might only take about 20 minutes in spacecraft that travel at the speed(速度) of light! However, the spacecraft would travel so fast (5) that the journey to Mars might be quite uncomfortable. Many people would feel ill.
Humans cannot survive(生存) without (6) water, oxygen or food. So far, nobody knows whether there would be enough water or oxygen on Mars for people there.
Moreover, scientists are not sure (7) whether plants could grow on Mars. Food would most probably be in the form of pills and would not be so tasty.
Compared (8) with life on the Earth, life on Mars would be better in some ways. People would have more space. They might live in houses with huge comfortable rooms. Also, robots would do most of their work so that they could have more time to relax (9).
There would probably be no schools on Mars. Every student would have a computer at home connected to an interplanetary(行星间的)network. They would study at online schools with “e-teachers”.
Life (10) on Mars would be interesting as well as challenging.
Passage 9(2023西青区二模)
Some people believe colors can influence our moods. You may wonder whether it's true. In fact, colors can change our moods and make us feel happy or sad, energetic or sleepy. This article explains what colors can do and what characteristics they represent(代表).
Calm colors
Have you ever walked into a room and felt relaxed It could be because the walls were painted blue. Blue is a calm color. It brings peace (1) to our mind and body. Blue can also represent sadness, so you may say “I'm feeling blue” when you are feeling sad (2).White is another calm color. It is also the color of purity. Many women like to wear (3) white on their wedding day.
Warm colors
Some colors, such as orange and yellow, can make you feel warm. People in cold areas prefer warm colors in their homes to create (4) a warm and comfortable feeling.
Orange represents joy. It can cheer (5) you up when you are feeling sad. Yellow is the color of the sun, so it can remind you of a warm sunny day. Yellow is also the color of wisdom. Some people prefer this color when they hope for success (6).
Energetic colors
When (7) you feel tired or weak, you should wear energetic colors like green. Green can give you energy (8), as it is the color of nature and represents new life. However, it is also the color of envy, so we may say someone is “green with envy”.
Strong colors
If you require strength in (9) either body or mind, red may be of some help to you. Red is the color of heat. It represents power and strong feelings. Wearing red can also make it (10) easier to take action. This may help when you are having difficulty making a decision.
生活启示类
Passage 1(2023天津)
A smile shows that a person is happy. For example, a person may smile when he or she is pleased (1) with some progress in studies. Or a person may smile if a friend tells a funny joke. There are other good reasons (2) to smile often.
First, it is easier (3) to smile than to show unhappiness. In fact, it only takes 17 muscles(肌肉) to smile. On the other hand, it takes 43 muscles to show unhappiness. So give the muscles in your face (4) a rest and smile!
Second, smiles are nice. People may try to look (5) nice by exercising or wearing nice clothes. However, people often say a smile is the best thing a person can wear. That is because it is easy to be around (6) someone who is smiling and happy. Almost no one wants to stay with someone who is always unhappy.
Third, smiles have power(感染力). Both smiling and laughing can easily and quickly spread (7) from one person to another. If one person smiles, people around him or her want to smile, too. Similarly, when a person laughs, people tend(往往会) to laugh with him or her. If a person is sad (8), the best thing to do is to share a smile or a laugh. It is the easiest way to cheer someone up.
Finally (9), smiling and laughing are very good for the body.Even though you are sad, try smiling.You'll find that it will be difficult to stay (10) sad for very long!
Passage 2(2020天津)
Have you ever heard the saying, “Home, sweet home” This is just another way of saying that it's nice (1) to be home! A lot of the people and things we love are at home.
What do you like about being at home
What do you like best about being at home Maybe you like to play with your brothers and sisters.Maybe you enjoy (2) staying with your mum and dad. Maybe you have a pet you like to play with.Spending time with your family is one thing that makes being at home special.
Your bedroom is another (3) thing that makes home special.Your toys, your books, and your favourite things are in your bedroom.Consider what you like best about your room.Is it how it looks Is it your comfortable bed (4) that you sleep on Maybe you like to have a quiet (5) place to read a book or to think about your day.
Mealtime can be a special time at home. Families sit around the table to eat the food Mum or Dad has prepared. It's a time to share interesting stories (6) about your day.
How do you help at home
There are a lot of things to do to make home a special place.Who does the chores(家庭杂务) like (7) cleaning, cooking, and yardwork(庭院劳动) at your house When families work together (8) to do the chores, it makes them easier and more fun for everyone. Maybe you can help (9) lay the dinner table or clear the places. Maybe you can pull weeds(草) out of the flower garden. Maybe you can water the vegetable garden or the houseplants. Think about what you can do, so that when (10) you come home every day, you can say, “Home, sweet home!”
Passage 3(2024滨海新区一模)
We can't remember clearly when we started to take our mobile phones to a dinner table. This happens a lot, especially (1) when we eat out. Once a dish comes, instead of lifting our chopsticks, we take (2) out our mobile phones and click. Later, we post the photos onto Weibo or WeChat, waiting to be “liked”. Then we check our mobile phones from time to time during the meal to see whether we get “liked” or not. We just cannot leave(3) our mobile phones for only a meal.
A recent study suggests that spending time taking photos of food makes the food not so good. To test this, some researchers did an experiment (4). Some people were asked to take photos before they could enjoy food. As a result, it showed that the more photos they took, the less delicious (5) the food seemed to them.
Besides the scientific(科学的) result, there are also some other bad influences of taking photos of food before (6) meals. After posting the photos onto the Internet, one will not be able to control (7) himself and check his mobile phone many times. “Does everyone like my photos I hope a lot of people like them (8)!” It seems that your mobile phone secretly calls your name all the time, even when you are with real people.
So, next time you go out to have dinner with your family (9) or friends, how about not taking photos of food Let the food be delicious as it is and share (10) your life with people around you. Trust me, it will be a wonderful time.
Passage 4(2023河西区一模)
One day, a lovely girl found two weak birds while she was walking in the woods. She took them home and put (1) them in a small cage(鸟笼). She fed them with love and the birds grew strong. Every morning they greeted her with a beautiful song. The girl loved them very much and wanted their singing to last (2) forever(永远).
One day, the girl left the cage's door open (3). The larger and stronger one of the two birds flew out of the cage. The girl watched worriedly as it circled high above (4) her. She was afraid that it would fly away and she would never see it again (5). So when it flew close, she grasped(抓住) at it wildly. She was so happy (6) that she held it tightly(紧紧地) in her hand! Suddenly, she felt that something happened to the bird. She was surprised to find the bird was dead (7). She was very sad.
She noticed the other bird jumping up and down in the cage. She could feel that it wanted to be free. It hoped to fly in the clear, blue sky (8). She lifted it from the cage and flew it into the air.
While/When (9) the bird was flying happily in the sky, she was so glad. She watched the bird circling once, twice, three times…
To her surprise, the bird flew back closer and sat softly on her shoulder (10). It sang the sweetest song she had ever heard.
The fastest way to lose love is to hold it tightly. The best way to keep love is to let it fly.
Passage 5(2023和平区二模)
I remember the day when I first learned to ride a bike. It was a frightening, yet fun experience. My grandfather was the one who taught me and he helped me when I got hurt. The first time I got on a bike, I had no idea what (1) I was doing, and just about everything went wrong. My grandfather told me to just put my feet on the pedals(脚蹬子) and start cycling. He also told me he would hold onto the back (2) of the bike the whole time, yet he didn't.
As soon as I started trying to balance myself, he let the bike go. I happened to look back just then. I was scared to death that I was going to fall and hurt myself (3). When I was scared, my mind went blank from cycling, and I just wanted off. I forgot how to use the brakes(车闸) and fell right (4) off the bike. My grandfather kept encouraging (5) me to get up and try again and after about 15 minutes, I finally stopped crying, got up and tried again.
As soon as I started riding again, my pants got caught in the chain, and I fell flat on my face and hit (6) my nose. As a result, my grandfather decided (7) to call it a day and try again the next morning. The next morning I woke up brightly and early, and was very eager to try to ride my bike. Perhaps my nose felt better, so I wasn't so afraid (8) of falling anymore.
Even though I knew there were a lot of difficulties (9) on the way to mastering the skills in riding a bike, I believed I could do well with my grandfather's help. After all, riding a bike was a basic (10) skill which I wanted to learn eagerly at such a young age. Even till now, I still hold the heart and passion in my life.
Passage 6(2023南开区二模)
Many books have been written about “the art of giving”. But what about the art of receiving Sometimes, receiving a gift can be difficult, especially when someone buys you a gift you don't want (1)!
“I remember when I was about twelve years old, my parents gave (2) me a purple schoolbag,” says Xiaojing. “It really made me feel embarrassed(尴尬的), because I thought the schoolbag was really ugly!Still, I pretended(假装) that I liked/loved (3) it because I knew it would make my parents happy!”
Lingling agrees (4).“That sounds like my grandparents! A few years ago, my grandparents bought me an orange sweater for my birthday. I used to wear it every time I visited them, but I took it off immediately (5) as soon as I left their house! Of course, this made me feel sorry. It was a very nice thought, but my grandparents have different taste from me!I think it's hard to buy clothes (6)or other personal things for people.”
To make things easier, some people just (7) use money as a gift. In some cultures, however, receiving money can make people uncomfortable. “When someone gives me money, it only makes me think they're being lazy,” says John. “In England, we have a saying: It's the thought that counts. If someone gives me money, I feel they don't think at all. I prefer (8) to receive a gift that has some thought behind it. I don't mind (9) if it's something that I don't need. If someone has thought about a gift for me, it always makes me happy.”
Different people have very different thoughts on this subject (10)! So maybe the art of receiving is even more difficult than the art of giving!What do you think
Passage 7(2023滨海新区二模)
In the past, whenever I was working towards a goal(目标), I would meet one problem over and over again. For the first few days, I would be excited (1) to do the work.But it never lasted for a long time.Day by day, I fell into a lazy situation.
After years of efforts, I found out the best way to overcome(克服) this problem (2):use the power of responsibility(责任).Generally, to push ourselves to complete (3) a task, we need to tell the task to other people.We can tell it to those people who we trust.
Take new year's resolutions(决心) as an example. People set good goals: don't smoke or eat little/less (4) junk food.But they usually give up in a few days.This is because (5) they only depend on themselves. So, after the excitement at the beginning, people fall back into old habits quickly (6).
A better way to turn your new year's resolution into success (7) is to look for a few partners(伙伴) to supervise(监督) you. For example, you can start a small group of about three or four people who all have new year's goals. Make a weekly or monthly report to share (8) your progress and next goals with each other.In this way, you can create a system in your environment that helps you to keep (9) active.
If you have a goal you want to achieve, make sure to have someone as (10) our partner.In return, you can be a partner for them.Then you create a good partnership that will speed(加速) up your steps to success.
Passage 8(2023部分区二模)
One day Fred's aunt sent him a new spade(铁锹) and a small box of seeds(种子). As soon as he got them, he went out to his own garden to plant the seeds.
His sister Jane went with him (1). As he dug, she stood near him and talked to him with the box of seeds in her hand. As Jane spoke, she dropped the box of seeds on the ground (2) by mistake. All the seeds fell out. Jane was afraid and said (3) sorry to Fred, but Fred didn't speak to her.
“Oh, Fred.” she cried. “Why don't you speak to me ”
Fred answered, “I wanted to wait till (4) I could count to ten.”
“Count to ten,” said Jane. “Why did you want to count to ten ”
“Aunt once told me to count to ten before I spoke, if I felt angry. I know that I am often angry with you, and I wanted to do the right thing this (5) time,” said Fred.
“Oh, Fred. How (6) good you are! It was very careless of me to let the seeds fall, but (7) I have collected them again. Here they are.”
The seeds were put into the ground, and day by (8) day Fred and Jane came to watch them grow. At last, a lot of small green leaves (9) appeared above the ground. They soon grew larger and had pretty (10) flowers, making the children very happy.
Before you speak too fast in anger, count to ten, and if you are still angry, count again.
Passage 9(2023东丽区二模)
People are playing video games everywhere these days, whether they're riding a bus or sitting in a restaurant. Some of them enjoy (1) these games so much that they can't put them down.
But is this a healthy habit The World Health Organization(WHO) doesn't think (2) so. In June, it named “gaming disorder(障碍)” as a mental disorder in its International Classification of Diseases, CNN reported.
“Gaming disorder” refers to persistent(持续的) or recurrent(反复出现的) video?gaming behavior, whether online or offline. Of course, not everyone who plays video games has this disorder. It has three main (3) characteristics(特征).
The first sign is when the player loses control (4) over his or her gaming habits. The second is when playing games becomes more important than other activities (5) for the player. The third is when the condition leads to serious problems in the player's personal and family life. Many experts have welcomed the decision. It is believed that new ways to treat (6) this disorder will appear following the WHO classification.
In fact, some countries are already working to solve (7) this problem. South Korea has introduced a law stopping children under 16 from playing online games between midnight and 6 am, USA Today reported. Chinese tech company Tencent is also setting limits(限制) on the amount (8)of time that teenagers can play its games. Children between 12 and 18 years old can only play two hours per day.
If you have “gaming disorder”, you should ask (9) for professional medical help. But you can use delayed gratification(延迟满足) to deal with it, if your condition is not serious, the National Institute of Education Sciences pointed that out.
For example, if you tell yourself not to play any video games on weekdays, you can allow yourself to play for three hours during the weekend. Or if you really want to play them after school, you can tell yourself that you cannot do so until(10) you have finished your homework.
社会生活类
Passage 1(2022天津)
In the small villages of Kenya(肯尼亚), Africa, most kids want to read books.But no roads go to their homes, only miles and miles of sand. Cars and trucks are not useful, so (1) library books arrive on the backs of camels.Camels can handle(应付)the sand and the books.Two camels, a camel driver, and a librarian(图书管理员) walk (2) to the villages together. One camel carries about 180 kilos of books, and the other carries a tent. At each village, the librarian sets up the tent and shows the books (3) to the kids inside. Two weeks later, the camels come (4) back with new books.
Some people in the mountains of northern Thailand(泰国) get books in a different (5) way. Their “libraries (6)” are carried by elephants.These animals can handle the difficult journey. Because they are large, they can carry many books in metal cases(金属箱). The metal protects the books from the heavy rains that fall (7) in the area.
Indonesia(印度尼西亚) has its own difficulties.The country has over 17,000 islands. Most people travel (8) by boat and they also carry their books by boat. A library boat holds(容纳) about 500 books in boxes. Boxes of books are left in villages and are traded(交换) for new books a few weeks later (9).
For people who live far and can't get to a library, a library that comes to them brings more than books.It brings a whole world (10) of information.
Passage 2(2019天津)
The villagers in Mhangeni, Africa, faced a very big challenge(挑战).They didn't have a school for their kids.
Then the village elder thought of an idea (1).He said that there was an old, abandoned(废弃的) farmhouse. It could be changed into classrooms after cleaning and furnishing(装设备) it. All the villagers were pleased (2) with his suggestion and started the project immediately.
The parents repaired the broken walls.Some villagers divided (3) the house into three classrooms by using pieces of wood. The others helped make desks and chairs for the students. Still, there was much more work to do. But the rains were coming. They had to stop (4) working for the school as it was now the best time for them to plant.
So the children of Mhangeni decided to finish the house by themselves (5). They had to hurry as summer had ended and other schools had already opened.They didn't want to delay(耽搁) their studies.Every day they were busy with work like cutting the grass and clearing the bushes(灌木).
The news about the project spread (6) and many people knew it.Two teachers who worked for the country's Department of Education arrived to help out, and two foreign visitors were also touched(感动) by the children's actions (7). They donated money for them to buy textbooks and stationery.
After 10 days of hard work, the new school was ready (8).The kids were very happy but a bit worried — they were behind in their studies.
Besides(除……之外) this, they also faced many difficulties (9).There were not enough classrooms to hold all the students.And two or three students had to share one book.
However, the children are happy to study in school — especially (10) in their new school which they helped to build. Though their school might not be modern, their dream of having a school near their homes has come true.
Passage 3(2024河东区一模)
The 6th World Intelligence Congress(WIC) was held online in Tianjin on June 24, 2022. It brought famous guests together, including (1) Nobel Prize and Turing Award winners. As one of the leading events in the field of smart technology, it had made many( 2) great achievements in the past five years and pushed the development of next?generation AI. Here are a few of the most important points.
First, a huge (3) number of latest scientific and technological achievements have been exhibited(展览). In past years, various products and technologies (4) have been exhibited, such as robots that perform in the orchestra, smart homes and smrat transport.
Second, international (5) exchanges and cooperation(交流与合作) have been deepened. The Global Forum on Urban Governance(城市治理全球论坛) was also held in 2021, with leaders from 41 countries (6), and organizations joining and finding development through two?way learning. By holding the high-level WIC, Tianjin has become (7) an even larger platform for international cooperation in more fields.
Third, intelligent technology has been deeply (8) integrated(融入)into social development. The host city Tianjin builds a national advanced manufacturing R&D base(先进制造业研发基地).It is pouring new power into (9) the city's high-quality development.
Li Hongzhong said Tianjin has been aiming to be a pioneer(先驱)in AI development and made a series of achievements over the past five years. Tianjin will try its (10) best to make manufacturing a main power for the city's development and deepen the reform(改革) of the local science and technology management system.
Passage 4(2024部分区一模)
Have you ever wondered what PE classes are like in other countries In China, PE tests are required to graduate(毕业) from both (1) middle school and high school. To get good grades on the PE tests, Chinese students will need to practice/practise (2) running and doing sit?ups and pull?ups(引体向上). However (3), this is not the way that PE classes work in the US high schools.
In my high school, we are required to take two semesters(学期) of PE to graduate. We play real sports during PE classes, such as basketball and volleyball (4). There are also some other typical(种类) America sports that we often play,such as kickball and dodgeball(躲避球).I didn't know the rules (5) of kickball and dodgeball when I first came to the US. The teacher allowed me to sit on the sidelines, and watch (6) how other students played it in order to let me figure out(弄清楚) the rules.
We also learn some useful life skills in PE. Last year, I learned how to do CPR(心肺复苏),which is a life-saving skill. We were also taught how to provide (7) first aid to someone who is choking(窒息). These skills are a large part of the final grade for the PE class in my high (8) school. Self-defense(自卫) is taught in PE class as well (9). This includes some taekwondo(跆拳道), karate(空手道) skills and Chinese kung fu. It is practical.
I prefer (10)PE classes in the US to the ones in China. I think they are more fun and useful. What do you think
Passage 5(2024河西区一模)
Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) is used to help people keep the balance of yin and yang. But have you ever imagined that one day you can learn herb(药草) planting and TCM courses at school
A primary school in Nanjing has just opened (1) a herb farm. More than 30 herbs are planted (2). Students there are guided(指导) by doctors from a TCM hospital to tell different (3) herbs and learn plant development, medicinal value as well as growing herbs. The hospital has also donated over 100 cartoon books about TCM to help draw children's attention (4) in herbal medicine.
Another middle school has introduced (5) TCM courses to students of all grades.
These courses contain a basic knowledge (6) of herbs, herb planting and cooking with herbs.
They give students a deeper understanding of TCM, bringing out their sense of pride (7) in Chinese traditions and the country's rich culture.
Also in Shanghai, Tongji University has provided (8) foreign students with some chances to plant different kinds of herbs widely (9) used in Chinese medicine and cooking. By taking care of the plants, foreign students can get first?hand experience of making herbal medicine from start to finish, and spread TCM culture to their own (10) countries.
The herb planting courses at schools and universities across China get students close to TCM and help pass on the tradition.
Passage 6(2023河北区一模)
Most of us have spent time at a museum, looking at and learning about the things there. Every year, museums put a lot of money and work into keeping their objects(物品) in good condition (1). They make sure the temperature and light levels are always just right (2), and that the air isn't too wet.
However, even if all of them are correct, some things can still be harmful to a valuable object — insects(昆虫). Often they enter the museum inside the object itself. They may also (3) be brought in by accident on visitors' clothes. Once inside the museum, they can quickly move (4) from one object to another, and they enjoy eating natural material(材料) such as wood, cotton, silk and wool.
Museum experts(专家) say that the older the objects are, the more the insects seem to like them. That's a problem because these things can't easily (5) be repaired. As a result, museums will try almost anything to stop (6) insects from harming their collections. For example, a new object will be kept separately at first. Then, when staff(工作人员) are sure there are no insects inside, it can be put on show. If insects are found (7) in a piece of clothing or art, placing it in a freezer(冷冻柜) is one way of getting rid of(除掉) them.
But now one museum in the US has decided to try something new. They are training (8) a dog to find insects. Dogs have an excellent (9) sense of smell. Usually the dog sits down to show what it has found. Staff at the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston hope that their dog, Riley, will learn to do this when it finds insects. They say that at the moment it's just an experiment. However, if Riley can help find insects before (10) they do a lot of harm, other museums are sure to be interested.
事物介绍类
Passage 1(2021天津)
Electric cars may seem like a recent invention, but they've been around for years. In the early 1900s, there were more electric cars on the road than there were petrol(汽油) cars. At that time, petrol was expensive (1) compared with other fuels(燃料). When (2) petrol prices dropped and new technologies were developed,electric cars went out of fashion(过时).Instead, petrol cars became more popular (3) because they could travel longer distances(距离) without stopping.
During the 20th century, petrol cars got bigger, heavier, and faster.They needed more fuel, and it caused (4) more air pollution. For years, car makers didn't worry about pollution.They didn't worry about the amount of petrol cars used, either (5).But when people began to realise that there was not enough oil on the earth, they asked car makers to produce more efficient(高效能的) and less polluting cars.
One method (6) of solving the problem was a “hybrid” car(混合动力车), one that ran partly on petrol and partly on electricity. Hybrid cars became popular in the 2000s when petrol prices went up and the prices of hybrid cars went down (7).
An all-electric car uses no petrol.The problem, however, is that car batteries(电池) need to be recharged(再充电).That makes electric cars not so useful for long journeys (8). Many people are not pleased (9) with it.The government and car makers are working (10) together to develop safe, cheap, and useful electric cars.When people have these cars in the future, a petrol station may be a thing of the past.
Passage 2【科技创新】(2024南开区一模)
Do you ever find yourself standing in front of rubbish bins, not sure whether the piece of waste in your hand is recyclable or not To solve (1) this problem, four Hong Kong high school students have invented (2) a small rubbish bin that uses AI to sort(分类).
Connected to a computer, the bin uses a camera to tell the kind of the waste it receives and sorts it into plastic, paper, or other (3) kinds. To make sure the bin can sort waste correctly, the team tested every product in the school shop and took (4) at least 500 pictures of each one, so the AI system has a better rate of accuracy(精准度).
The idea (5) of the smart bin was born two years ago, when the students were in Grade Ten. At that time, people from the city crowded into their village. They left behind a lot of rubbish and caused (6) more pollution.“All the bins were full, and there was even rubbish on the mountain. We had to pick up the waste every weekend,” the students recalled.
The students decided to develop a special recycling bin that would encourage people to protect the environment (7). They worked hard. The team would continue to work on their invention until 6 or 7 p.m. at school, although (8) school ended at 2 p.m. From time to time, they met and worked together online.
“Our bin is now in its third generation(代). Before graduation, we hope (9) it can be widely used in the city,” The students said. “Then it will be easier (10) than ever for people to recycle waste.”
Passage 3(2024河东区二模)
How can you do calculations(计算) quickly These days, you are able (1) to use a calculator(计算器). But how about people in ancient times In the very beginning, the cleverest among them thought of using stones. Then, around the 2nd century B.C. Chinese began (2) to use the abacuses(算盘).Now some researchers consider (3) it to be the world's oldest calculator. In China, people used abacuses to do calculations for thousands of years before (4) electronic calculators became popular.
The abacus is usually made of wood. It has many beads(珠子). Each bead above the horizontal divider(水平分隔器) stands (5) for five, and each bead below the divider means one. By moving the beads with fingers up or down, one can do all kinds of calculations.
It is great to watch a skilled hand use an abacus. You can watch fingers (6) move and beads knock. And after a few seconds, the result comes out. Through lots of practice (7), you can use the abacus well. In the past, the abacus was used in all schools. It was considered to be a basic (8) skill that everybody needed to pick up.
Today, perhaps (9) you can hardly see abacuses because they are no longer widely used. However, we can still feel the important role they once played. Abacuses have become a symbol of much money. Some have come to believe (10) that abacuses can bring their owners wealth. People often give a new baby a golden abacus-shaped amulet(护身符) as a present. It is thought that the amulet will help the kid grow up and become a rich person.
Passage 4(2024西青区二模)
E-book is short for electronic book. It is usually read on personal computers. Some mobile phones can also be used to read (1) e-books.
Earlier e-books were written for a small group of readers and were about only a few subjects (2). With the development (3) of the Internet, knowledge and answers to a lot of questions mainly come from e-books. This is why the e-book business is increasing more quickly (4).
E-books have many advantages. First,they save time. We don't need to go to a bookstore to buy books. Besides, we can find the topic we want to know about on the Internet, and then (5) we can quickly get many e-books on similar topics. Second, e-books save money. Some e-books cost a little money, and there are millions of e-books on the Internet which (6) we can get for free. Third, more fees are saved because e-books don't need to be printed (7) on paper. Fourth, e-books make reading more convenient(方便). We can carry a whole library of hundreds of books with (8) us in a small computer or any e-book reader without worrying about their weight.
But e-books have certain disadvantages. They need a personal computer or an e-book reader and the information can be lost (9) if its file format(文件格式)is not supported or changed in the reader's computer.
However, e-books provide (10) us with a new way of reading. That is good.
Passage 5(2024滨海新区二模)
For thousands of years,rice has been central on the table of the Chinese diet. All over the country today, countless numbers of people begin their day with (1) a bowl of rice porridge. In fact, for many, especially in southern China, no meal is complete (2) without a helping of steamed rice(米饭).
A key part of everyday meals, rice is also a highlight of traditional Chinese food/festival(s) (3).
Niangao, a cake made from sticky rice flour(粘米面), is a popular (4) Spring Festival food. As gao sounds (5) the same sound as高, meaning “high” in Chinese, the eating of niangao is believed (6) to improve status (地位) in the new year.
The Lantern Festival falls on the 15th day of the first lunar month each year. Small sticky rice balls, known (7) as yuanxiao in the north and tangyuan in the south, are eaten widely (8) during this festival. These round rice balls are traditionally seen as symbols (9) of family reunion(团聚).
From the Spring Festival to the Lantern Festival, the Dragon Boat Festival and the Laba Festival, rice plays a role in many of our favourite celebrations (10). Not only does it lend special tastes to these Festivals, rice also helps add magic and charm(魅力).
Passage 6(2024和平区三模)
Are you an “I” person or an “E” person We hear this question a lot these days.
In fact (1),these are two personality(性格) types based on the MBTI test. Generally, an “I” person is shy and quiet, while an “E” person is outgoing.
So what is the MBTI test It's a personality test that helps us understand our personality better (2) and tells us how we relate to the world around us. It was developed (3) in the 1940s by Katharine Cook Briggs.
When you take the MBTI test, you are given several sets of questions. For each question you need to choose (4) the answer that best matches your feelings, attitudes and behavior. Then you'll know what your personality type is.
The MBTI test is popular for many reasons (5). Let's take a closer look at just a few. First people want to understand themselves. Human personality is very complex(复杂的), and this test provides a simple way for people to learn about themselves (6). Next, taking the MBTI test is relaxing and enjoyable, because (7) its questions are interesting. Then, people try to find connections. The MBTI test offers (8) a way to go beyond small talk and connect with other on a deeper level. Finally, while there are many kinds of personality tests on the market, the MBTI test is the most widely used.
The MBTI test may show something (9) we don't know about ourselves and can be a fun way to help us make new friends. But knowing someone's MBTI results doesn't mean (10) we really know that person. Nor do the MBTI results define(定义) who we are.
人物故事类
Passage 1(2024部分区二模)
Did you ever eat cartoon steamed buns(馒头) If not, you can buy (1) them in Bi Chenggong's shop.
Bi is from Inner Mongolia(内蒙古), China. He looks a little heavy. You may wonder if he can make those lovely steamed buns. The answer (2) is yes, and he is really good at that.
About six years ago, Bi found many people liked to buy creative steamed buns to show their best wishes when (3) they celebrated their children's 12th birthday. However, there were few creative steamed bun shops in Hohhot(呼和浩特). So he decided (4) to open one.
To learn how (5) to make cute steamed buns, Bi read cookbooks and watched videos online. He even went to Shandong and Shanxi to learn from (6) local people. He also tried and practiced really hard, “That's very important,” he said.
Bi's steamed buns are lovely. They are in different shapes (7), such as Peppa Pig, Mickey Mouse and Snow White. Bi is serious/strict (8) about the food materials(材料), too. Although his steamed buns are colourful, they are healthy. The colours are from vegetables (9) like spinach(菠菜)and carrots. Children like them very much and call him “Steamed bun man”. Bi is glad (10) about that. He promises to make more cartoon steamed buns for them.
Passage 2(2024河西区二模)
Chen Xingrong, 16, whose favorite activity is jumping onto the swing(秋千)in the living room. The swing was set (1) up by his father to help him learn how to swim without water.
He was diagnosed(诊断) with autism(自闭症) when he was a baby.“We did not understand why such a thing would happen to us,” Chen Xunhu says, adding that he began travelling to big cities (2) such as Beijing and Guangzhou to learn more about autism. He even quit(停止) his job and paid his full attention (3) to the disease.
In 2012, the father learned that swimming could help people with autism, so he spent months learning how to swim by watching videos and reading books. At first the training to his son didn't work (4). To his surprise, after three months, he discovered that his son had developed the ability to control his breath (5) under water. It improved his confidence, and swimming soon became a keen(热衷的) activity of the family.
Thanks to the strict training and the love and support of his family and community members, Chen Xingrong managed (6) to become an outstanding swimmer. Last year, he won five medals (7), including a gold, at (8) the eighth National Special Olympic Games.
As well as swimming, learning basic (9) life skills is also an important part of life for a teenager with autism. With his father's efforts, Chen has learned to buy food in the market. He also works as a volunteer (10) at a restaurant and likes to take care of patients in a clinic(诊所) by covering the patients with quilts(被子).
“I hope he will live a wonderful life in the future.”
Passage 3(2023河东区一模)
Huang Wenxiu is the role model of the times. In 2022, a TV show The Daughter of The Mountain told us her story (1). It was thought of highly by many people.
When Huang was in college, the idea of serving her home town came to her.
She wanted to go back and do her best to improve (2) the backward situation of her home town. After graduating from Beijing Normal University in 2016, Huang returned (3) to Baise, her home town, instead of staying in the capital. She once said, “I grew up in a mountainous village (4) where quite a number of people live in poverty(贫穷). And all I wish is to do my part to change (5) their lives.”
But Huang soon discovered that her job was not easy (6). She had been worried about the village development for a long time. It took her two months just to visit the 195 poor families through the village. The road out of poverty is long (7). She travelled 25,000 kilometres by car in one year in the job. Huang encouraged villagers to plant sugar oranges and many other plants, and she helped them learn about how to sell their products online. Luckily (8), 8,418 villagers were lifted out of poverty in the end thanks to Huang Wenxiu's hard work.
However, on June 16, 2019, Huang lost her life at the age of 30 because of a flash flood(山洪). She was swept away by the flood when she was driving (9) back to work.
Although (10) she passed away, her spirit still lives on. “I believe that one day we can turn our country into the rich one.” Huang Wenxiu once dreamed of.
Passage 4(2023河北区二模)
Inventor Clarence Birdseye was born in New York in 1886. From a young age, he was interested in animals and plants and in 1906, Birdseye went to college. However, two years later, he left (1) college for family reasons. Then he took a job and worked for the US government.
In 1912, Birdseye moved to Labrador — now in Canada. He stayed there until (2) 1915.When he was in Labrador, Birdseye watched local people fishing through (3) holes which was cut in an icy lake. As soon as they pulled out fish, the fish at once froze(冻结) in the very cold air/areas (4). He noticed that they could then be kept for a long period (5). When people wanted some to eat, they could defrost(解冻) them without losing any of the freshness. Birdseye realised that cooling food very quickly was the key to keeping its freshness. This was easy in very cold environments. In warm/warmer (6) environments, people had to freeze food slowly. When food is frozen in this way, ice crystals(冰晶), shaped like knives, start to grow inside it. These cut into the food and change the food's cellular structure(细胞结构) and then its taste. It took Birdseye years to work out how to cool food quickly enough to stop them from growing. Then he began to wonder how this way of freezing might work with fresh vegetables (7) and other food like fish and meat.
After a lot of efforts, in the late 1920s, Birdseye developed a method (8) to freeze food fast in the US. Later, he introduced (9) the first line of frozen food into the market. Frozen food began to be widely accepted.
Birdseye died in 1956.Today people consider (10) him as the father of the modern frozen food industry(行业).
Passage 5(2023和平区三模)
If you were a little screw(螺丝), could you stick to your post(岗位) forever Lei Feng answered the question with his service to his country.
Lei Feng was probably the most famous (1) soldier. He helped many people when (2) he was alive. He carried luggage for the elderly and provided (3) food for the poor children. He once gave all his money to his friend's sick parents and he darned(缝补) pants and socks for his fellow soldiers.
Lei Feng hardly (4) spoke about what he did for others. After he died in 1962, people found his diary (5) and learned about him. He became a symbol of the giving spirit. “There is a limit(限制) to one's life, but (6) no limit to serving the people,” Lei Feng said.
In 1963, Chairman Mao Zedong called on the nation to learn from Lei Feng, and each year's March 5 has been named (7) as “Lei Feng Day”. On that day, students do all kinds of volunteer work to learn from the role model. This year, some fifth graders in Shijiazhuang put the shared bikes along (8) the road in order.
Being a volunteer needs to learn a lot. According to Jiang Meng, a 26?year?old volunteer from the Youth Team of Shougang Winter Olympics Service Group, volunteers have to know all about the events. They also keep in mind (9) the history and stories behind them to better show the beauty of Shougang and Beijing to guests. “People say volunteering is about giving (10), but I've got a lot through being a volunteer — the honor and the praise, as well as the growing personal skills,” said Jiang.
Passage 6(2023红桥区三模)
Leonardo da Vinci(莱昂纳多·达·芬奇)was born on April 15th, 1452 in a northern Italian town. He is considered (1) one of the greatest painters of all time.He is still famous (2) today because of the Mona Lisa and other well?known paintings. However (3), not many people know he was also an engineer and an inventor.
Da Vinci was interested in science and art, and he was a pioneer in many areas. He drew plans and pictures and wrote (4) about his many ideas in his diaries.Since he died on May 2nd, 1519, people have been learning from them.They included plans for an adding machine, bridges as well as drawings of musical instruments (5), flying machines and machines for war, such as guns(枪).
Since many of da Vinci's inventions were ahead of their time, they were only tested hundreds of years later.Because he couldn't test them, not all of da Vinci's plans worked out as well as he wished.However, some of his ideas worked (6) well.For example, one of his bridges was finally built 500 years after (7) it was drawn and flying machines, such as helicopters, are very common now.
Some think da Vinci wanted to keep his ideas secret as he wrote his diary in code(密码). Others (8) think it was just easier for him to write this way because he was left?handed. Either way, da Vinci's diaries (9) can only be read with a mirror because everything is written backwards.As it took (10) some time to translate the diaries, they were published(出版) more than 150 years after his death.