题型五 任务型阅读
事物介绍类
Passage 1(2024河西区一模）
A yearbook is a tradition in some high schools. The book contains(包含) the name and the picture of each student in your final year, so that you can remember who you went to school with.
A 15-year-old schoolgirl Catherine Cook and her brother David, 16, wanted more than this. They thought, “We don't really know our classmates from just a picture, so why not have a yearbook online You could learn about people's musical tastes, the movies they like, and so on.” With their hard work, a website named my Yearbook was set up, which soon became popular among schoolmates.
On the website, members can connect with each other by sharing movies, music， photos and study guides. Some students feel that they don't fit in at school, but can make friends more easily online. My Yearbook users can also make virtual(虚拟的)“Lunch Money” by completing activities on the website. They then give it away to charities(慈善机构) in the my Yearbook “causes” programme, which has sent 22,000 books to Africa, and bought 20，000 kilos of rice for people without enough food.
Running the website did not stop Catherine and David from completing their schoolwork successfully. Now, they go on to university, but still manage to put in 50 hours a week developing the website.
1.The book contains the name and the picture of each student in your final year .
2.Catherine Cook and David set up a website named my Yearbook, which soon became popular among schoolmates.
3.On the website, members can connect with each other by sharing movies, music, photos and study guides.
4.Some students feel that they don't fit in at school, but can make friends more easily online.
5.Catherine Cook and David ran the website and completed their schoolwork successfully at the same time.
Passage 2(2024部分区二模）
Tanzania(坦桑尼亚) is a country which has a lot of animals, such as gnus(角马), lions, cheetahs(猎豹), elephants, giraffes and crocodiles. Every year, many people in the world travel to this African country to watch the animals closely. But do you know how they travel
By bus — This is the most common way. When people get on a bus, they'll find that the bus is a little strange. It is different from the buses we often see. There are no big windows at all， but some small windows. And it looks like a cage. What is it used for Oh, people can use it to watch animals, especially those dangerous animals, and take photos.
By boat — We can often see that many people are on a boat, enjoying the beautiful sights along a river or a lake, and they can also enjoy hippos(河马) and crocodiles from a nearer distance.
By hot-air balloon — In the early morning, when the sun is beginning to rise, a large hot-air balloon is also starting its journey. Taking a hot-air balloon makes most of the travellers excited. After some time, the balloon will land in a certain place, and the waiters will serve people a delicious and special breakfast. But the cost of taking a hot-air balloon is also very high. A person should pay about 400 dollars for an hour's trip.
1.Tanzania has a lot of animals ，such as gnus, lions, cheetahs and elephants.
2.When people get on a bus, they'll find that the bus is a little strange/like a cage .
3.They can also enjoy hippos and crocodiles by boat from a nearer distance .
4.Taking a hot-air balloon for an hour's trip will cost about 400 dollars one person.
5.To watch animals closely in Tanzania, you can travel by bus， by boat or by hot-air balloon .
Passage 3【文化传承】(2024南开区二模）
Dancing and singing, the Yi people and visitors had fun around the fire during the Torch(火把) Festival in Bijie, Guizhou Province, on August 12th. Every year, the Yi ethnic group(彝族) lights torches to show they look up to the fire.
The early Yi people lived in high and cold places in the mountains. They used fire for light to stay warm and cook food. One Yi ethnic old saying goes，“Everything you eat must ‘see' fire.” In the old days, people lit a small fire outside the door before they took animal meat into the home. They put the meat over the fire to drive away bad luck. Fire was also used to light leaves on the ground to make the land rich.
But the festival is more of a social event now. During the festival, both the Yi people and visitors come together. They show and spread their happiness and thanks for a good life. The Yi people also want to get more people to learn about their life.
1.The Torch Festival in Bijie, Guizhou Province is held on August 12th/in August every year.
2. The early Yi people lived in high and cold places in the mountains .
3.To drive away bad luck ， people lit a small fire and put the meat over it.
4.Fire was also used to light leaves on the ground to make the land rich .
5.Now， the Torch Festival is more of a social event .
Passage 4(2024和平区三模）
If you tap your fingers on the screen, your favorite books will be delivered(递送) to your door in a few hours. Cultural consumption(文化消费) in China becomes as easy as ordering a sandwich. It is now happening at the Chengdu Library.
The “Loving to Read at Home” program allows readers to log on(登录) to a mini program of the same name. Then readers can choose their favorite books and wait for them to be delivered to their home by EMS for just 6 yuan for one to three books. Each user can borrow up to eight books at a time for 30 days.
The program covers the whole city. More than 20,000 books from 22 public libraries in Chengdu are ready for loan. So far, more than 300 books have been sent out to readers.
The Chengdu Library is not the only library providing books-to-go services, “Flying books home” is a similar program run by the Zhuzhou Library in Hunan Province. In Beijing, a similar service is also provided by the Chaoyang District Library.
There have been more than 3,300 public libraries and more than 100,000 physical book shops across the country. Chinese people's interest in reading has been growing. “Reading has become an important part of promoting public education and increasing people's confidence in Chinese culture and tradition，” said Xu.
1.Cultural consumption in China becomes as easy as ordering a sandwich.
2.After logging on to the mini program, readers can choose their favorite books and wait for them to be delivered.
3. With the help of the program, more than 300 books have been sent out to readers in Chengdu.
4. Books-to-go services are not only provided in Chengdu but also in many other cities.
5.Reading helps people become more confident in Chinese culture and tradition .
Passage 5（2023河北区一模)
Volunteering is a great way to help others, whether it's a child who has difficulty finishing his or her homework or an elderly person who feels lonely.
When somebody volunteers, they are doing something good for others or the world around them without being paid. Volunteering comes in all shapes and sizes. It can be organised, such as working for an organisation, or not organised, like helping your neighbours with their food shopping. Many people volunteer to help the environment by picking up rubbish or planting trees.
Helping others can actually help yourself too. Research has shown that volunteering improves your well-being(幸福感). It can give you a sense of purpose — a meaningful goal(目标) to work towards — and then help build your self-trust and make you feel motivated(有积极性的). This is especially true if you match volunteering to your interests. Amy Meek, who volunteers for a wildlife organisation, agrees. Amy loves animals, and by joining the wildlife organisation, she has become much clearer about what she can do and feels more motivated.
Volunteering can also influence your health. By giving something to others， you feel happier and this is good for your health. Volunteering has also been shown to reduce your personal worries. That's because you pay some attention to others' needs. “Volunteering also offers you a chance to meet and connect with people，which is good for our mental health(心理健康), ” says Jolie Goodman of the Mental Health Foundation.
So, what are you waiting for Go volunteering and make a difference, not only for yourself but also for the world.
1.When somebody volunteers ，they are doing something good without being paid.
2. Many people volunteer to help the environment by picking up rubbish or planting trees .
3. Amy Meek has become much clearer about what she can do and feels more motivated.
4.Volunteering has also been shown to reduce your personal worries because you pay some attention to others’ needs .
5.The writer thinks it's a good idea to go volunteering and make a difference(，not only for yourself but also for the world) .
Passage 6（2023滨海新区二模）
By touching a screen in a small room at the Shijia Hutong Museum in Beijing, visitors can hear more than 300 old Beijing sounds that have disappeared in the modern city.
“Families living in hutongs used to buy things from people traveling through streets,” said Colin Siyuan Chinnery, who started the sound project.
Wang Lin is 26 years old, he comes from Hangzhou, a city in eastern China.He was shocked(震惊) when he learned that camels were used to carry coal, silk, rice and other things in Beijing many years ago. “I didn't believe it until I heard the camel bells in the museum,” Wang said.
“Most sounds of old Beijing have disappeared.That's why I want to record them.Old sounds can still bring back people's memories,” Chinnery said.
As an artist living in China, when Chinnery lived in Beijing as a child, the sound of pigeon whistles(鸽哨) from Beijing's streets left him a deep impression. “I've never heard that in other countries,” he said.
However, these sounds were hard to find. It took him a long time to find a 94?year?old man who used to sell things on the streets and record his shouts to advertise(宣传) his goods and services.To recreate(重现) the sound of camel bells, Chinnery went to the desert and recorded the sound there.
1.Visitors can hear more than 300 old Beijing sounds by touching a screen in a small room.
2.Families living in hutongs used to buy things from people traveling through streets.
3.People mainly used camels to carry coal, silk and other things in Beijing many years ago.
4.When Chinnery was a child, the sound of pigeon whistles from Beijing's streets left him a deep impression .
5.In the last paragraph, we know it is very hard to record the old sounds.
观点建议类
Passage 1(2020天津）
Have you ever thought about how many different things you like You may like pets, parties, presents, foods, and even superheroes! Our world is full of so many things to like!
Do you ever wonder(琢磨) why you like certain animals or why you like to do certain things You may not think about it often, but you may learn something about yourself if you think twice.
For example, why do you like to play with cats more than dogs Why do you like going to parties and playing games Why do you like some sweets but not others
Our personality helps form what we like and dislike.Sometimes the things we like just come naturally to us.For example, who's your favourite superhero You probably like that character(人物) for reasons that are all your own.You may not have even thought about why you like that superhero…you just do.
As you learn more and do more, you may find out that there are more and more things you like.That's a good thing!
Do your friends like the same things that you do Maybe you and your friends like different things.But it's OK.What you like is part of what makes you you!
1.Our world is full of so many things to like.
2.You may learn something about yourself if you think twice.
3.Our personality helps form what we like and dislike .
4.As you learn more and do more ， you may find out that there are more and more things you like.
5.It's OK if you and your friends like different things .
Passage 2(2019天津)
Friends are an important part of our lives.We spend time with them, have fun together, and share our opinions, feelings and even secrets.Life would be boring without friends.Friends influence who we are, help us learn, support(支持) us in good and bad times, and care for us even when we are not happy.
Often, we have many happy moments with our friends.We need someone to share things with to make them more enjoyable.Being lonely for long periods of time is not a great feeling.That is why it is important to spend time making friends and nurturing(维持) a close group of friends.
It is important to have a friend to talk to, whether(不论) it is about a sad or happy subject.In good times, it is wonderful to be able to celebrate with someone.It is also important to have someone support you if you have just had an unpleasant experience.Friends are important pillars(中心人物) of support.
Friends teach us important lessons. No one person is the same.As time goes by, we learn to respect one another's differences.This acceptance of others' differences is important as we meet more and more people in our lives, such as new family members, neighbours and new friends.
1.Life would be boring without friends.
2.Being lonely for long periods of time is not a great feeling .
3.It is important to have a friend to talk to, whether it is about a sad or happy subject .
4.You need someone to support you if you have just had an unpleasant experience .
5.No one person is the same, so we should (learn to) respect one another’s differences .
Passage 3（2024西青区一模)
According to a recent survey report, 60% of teenagers complain that they can't have a good communication with their parents. Parent-child relationship becomes a serious problem.
Nearly every parent says that we never grow up. In their eyes, we are always little ones and always do wrong things. For example， when I need to stay at home alone， they always worry about me and my life.
Most parents always try their best to buy their children pretty clothes, cool shoes, strange but expensive school things, and so on. They think that they have done everything they can for their dear little children. In return, they only want their children to get good grades in the exams.
But why do their children still argue with them Does it mean that they still want more material(物质的) things No. In fact， what they want is a true family. What does a true family mean I think it means a place where we can hide ourselves from the outside cold world. From here， we can get warmth, we can get consolation(安慰),and we can get happiness. And one important thing is that we should be stronger in the outside world because we know that we have a family.
So I think parents and children should sit down to talk with each other. Parents let children feel that they have a true family and the children can understand parents more and more. Then, no children will be regarded as little ones.
1. Parent-child relationship becomes a serious problem.
2. In our parents' eyes, we are always little children and always do wrong things .
3.Parents do everything what they can for their children to want their children to get good grades in the exams .
4.A true family means a place where we can hide ourselves from the outside cold world.
5.Parents and children should sit down totalk with each other.
Passage 4（2024滨海新区一模)
Everybody should develop a habit of daily learning something new from now on.It opens our eyes to the world and gives us a deeper understanding of how the world works.
Many studies have shown that learning new things can improve our brainpower(智力)and memory. When we learn something new, our brains(大脑) form new neuronal(神经元的)connections. The more we learn，the easier it is for us to get knowledge. The brain is like a muscle(肌肉). The more we use it，the more powerful it gets. Learning new things can also improve our skills, such as creative writing, maths and many others we'll find helpful now and in the future.
Understanding new information helps us develop our critical thinking(批判性思维) skills. When we're studying a new subject, our brains actively process(加工) new information and compare it to what we already know. Knowing different knowledge also helps us to avoid believing fake(假的) information on the Internet. Even when you are just writing a book report, you are training your mind to become more analytical(善于分析的).
By learning something new, we can have interesting conversations with our friends.We should let ourselves know as much as possible about others' opinions. Next time you meet your friends， share some of the information that you've learned and discuss it. This will give you a deeper understanding of the topic you are trying to know more.
1.Learning something new opens our eyes to the world and gives us a deeper understanding
of how the world works.
2. It is easier for us to get knowledge when we learn more something new.
3. Understanding new information helps us develop our critical thinking skills.
4.If we want to avoid believing fake(假的)information on the Internet, we should know different knowledge .
5.We can have interesting conversations with our friends by learning something new.
Passage 5(2024西青区二模)
It's good to share your feelings with others. No matter whether your feelings are good or not, it can also help you to get closer to people who you care about and who care about you.
But how to share your feelings First, you should focus(聚焦于) on your feelings. You can't tell your friends what's inside your backpack if you don't know what's in it yourself. Feelings are the same way. Before you share them with someone, you should know what feelings you have. You can make a list of feelings in your head or by writing it out on a piece of paper or even by drawing pictures. What bothers(使烦恼) you Does it make you sad or angry Do you feel this emotion(情感)only once or many times When you do this, it might help you to remember something that happened and think about how it makes you feel. Then you can say, “ I feel sad when my friend doesn't play with me.” or “I feel angry with my classmates…”
Do you know why you should talk about your feelings If you always keep your feelings inside, especially sadness, nervousness or anxiety(焦虑), it can even make you feel sick. But if you talk with someone who cares about you，like your mum and dad, you'll feel much better. Your parents want to know what's happening in your life because they love you. But if you don't want to talk with them, please talk with your friends. They will help you.
1.It is good to share your feelings with others .
2.First, you should focus on your feelings if you want to share your feelings.
3.Before you share them with someone, you should know what feelings you have .
4.If you always keep your feelings inside, it can even make you feel sick .
5.But if you don't want to talk with your parents, please talk with your friends .
Passage 6【文明礼貌】（2023西青区一模)
No matter where you go, no matter what to do, when you are in public places, you have to be in good manners. How should we behave in public places？
Keep your voice down
Don't speak or laugh loudly. Remember that although you may be excited and want to voice your excitement, the people around you may not be interested in it at all. It's polite to speak at a low volume(音量). This includes laughing as well.
Dress properly
Dress it a way that is appropriate(适合的)for the place that you are going to. If you are going to an event where people dress in a formal(正式的)way, do the same. For example, do not wear blue-jeans or a T-shirt to a dinner party. But it is acceptable to dress casually(穿着随意) if you are going to a museum or a movie theater.
Use table manners
When you eat in public places, use your table manners.
They may help you leave a good impression. In western countries, do not pick up with your hands. You should pick up with a fork or a spoon. When you are in China, you shouldn't start eating first if there are older people at the table. Using your phone while having a meal is also bad behavior.
1.When you are in public places, you have to be in good manners .
2.It's polite to speak at a low volume .
3. Dress it a way that is appropriate for the place that you are going to.
4.When you eat in public places, use your table manners .
5.While you are having a meal, it is bad behavior to use your phone .
Passage 7(2023东丽区一模)
What would the world be like without colours Have you ever thought about this question No colour lights and no colourful clothes, it's hard to imagine such a boring world!
We are lucky to live in a world with different colours. Do you know about the pyramids(金字塔) of Egypt With the colour of gold, they shine brightly under the sun. The pyramids stand not only for ancient Egyptians' wisdom(智慧) but also for their power. They are so fantastic that they attract visitors from all over the world.
Have you ever been to the Maldives(马尔代夫) It's one of the most popular tourist destinations(目的地) for travellers from around the world. Everything there looks so amazing! The sky and the sea are so clear, clean and blue! Being surrounded(包围) by all of the lovely colours you see, you will feel relaxed and comfortable.
And have you ever heard of Huanglong National Geopark It is located near Jiuzhaigou, Sichuan, China. With its famous colourful ponds, it used to be one of the most beautiful places in the world. Unfortunately, the park was destroyed by an earthquake. What a pity! I hope it can be restored(修复) so that people can enjoy its beauty again.
As you can see, colours make the world a beautiful place. Colours make nature more attractive and our lives more enjoyable. Every one of us should try our best to help protect this wonderful world.
1.We are lucky to live in a world with different colours .
2.The pyramids stand for ancient Egyptians' wisdom and their power.
3.The sky and the sea in the Maldives are so clear, clean and blue !
4.Huanglong National Geopark used to be one of the most beautiful places in the world.
5. Colours make nature more attractive and our lives more enjoyable.
人物介绍类
Passage 1(2018天津）
Albert Einstein(1879-1955)
Early Life
Albert Einstein was born on 14th March, 1879 in Germany. He was an extraordinary(非凡的) person since he was born. Einstein wasn't able to speak a word until three. He was curious(好奇的) and imaginative. He loved watching things carefully and asked a lot of questions about them. His questions were often hard to answer for teachers.
Schooling
Einstein started school in 1885. Though he did well in maths and science, he failed in many subjects like history, geography and languages. He was not the teacher's favourite. He didn't enjoy going to school. Einstein finished high school in Switzerland and entered a university in Zurich. He graduated(大学毕业) as a teacher of maths and physics in 1900.
Scientific Work
After graduation, Einstein worked at the Patent Office. He spent much time studying physics. By 1909, Einstein had become a top scientist. Though he became successful in the field of science， he still put great effort in scientific research. Finally, he won the Nobel Prize for physics in 1921.
Later life
Einstein kept at his research until he died in 1955.Scientists studied his brain(脑) after his death to see if there was anything special about it. However, there was no conclusion(结论).
Today, many famous scientists still think Einstein is the smartest man in the world.
1.Einstein loved watching things carefully and asked a lot of questions about them.
2.Though Einstein did well in maths and science ，he failed in many subjects.
3.Finally, Einstein won the Nobel Prize for physics in 1921.
4.Scientists studied Einstein's brain after he died so that they could see if there was anything special about it .
5.Many famous scientists still think Einstein is the smartest man in the word .
Passage 2(2024河北区一模）
Dr. Reyes Guana is the head teacher of Byron Union School District in Northern California, the US. He has a big title(头衔) now, but Guana never forgets his beginnings.
Guana was born in a poor Mexican family with eight children. His parents always had two jobs to make ends meet. As a boy, Guana was very quiet in school. He had a good relationship with the school cleaner. He called her“Star”because she wore a T-shirt with a star. The boy liked how Star made everything clean. He told her that he liked her job.“Whatever you want to do, make sure you go to college,” Star said.
Guana also looked up to the school headmaster, who was tall and friendly. The school headmaster said that his job was to help the students and teachers.“When I grow up, I want to do what you're doing,”Guana said, “Well，if you stick to your dream, you'll get there,”the headmaster replied.
And Guana did get there. But it was really a long journey. At first, he followed in Star's footsteps and was cleaning schools. He worked at three schools in order to make enough money to pay for his college education. He held that job for four years and then worked his way up to being a school safety monitor. After that, he worked as a teacher for a few years. And in 2019， he became a head teacher.
Guana never forgets where he came from. He helps the students from poor families and shows respect(敬意) for every school staff(教职员工)member. He always invites everyone to school parties, including those who clean the floors and those who drive the school buses.
1.Although Guana has a big title now, he never forgets his beginnings .
2.According to the school headmaster, his job was to help the students and teachers .
3.At first, Guana followed in Star's footsteps and was cleaning schools.
4.After Guana worked as a teacher for a few years, he became a head teacher(in 2019) .
5.Guana always invites cleaners and school bus drivers to school parties .
Passage 3(2024红桥区二模）
Mao Zedong once said that “Women hold up half the sky.” So it should not be surprising that China is now including female astronauts in its rapidly developing space programme.
China's first woman in space was Liu Yang, a major(上校) in the People's Liberation Army (PLA) Air Force. Liu was one of the three astronauts on board the Shenzhou 9 spacecraft when it was launched(发射) from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Centre in Gansu Province on June 16th, 2012. While in space, Liu carried out(进行)experiments in space medicine, before landing back in Inner Mongolia 13 days after the launch.
Liu was born in 1978 in Zhengzhou, Henan Province. She joined the PLA Air Force in 1997. About 13 years later, she was chosen to work in China's space programme, and after two years of difficult training she finally travelled into space. Liu said before the launch of Shenzhou 9, “I feel honoured to fly into space on behalf of(代表) hundreds or millions of female Chinese citizens.”
Liu now lives in Beijing with her husband. Her hobbies are reading and cooking.
1.Liu Yang was China's first woman in space.
2. Two/2 astronauts travelled into space with Liu Yang on Shenzhou 9.
3.While in space, Liu Yang carried out experiments in space medicine .
4.In 2010 ， Liu Yang was chosen to work in China's space programme.
5. Liu Yang's hobbies are reading and cooking .
Passage 4(2024滨海新区二模）
No one perhaps had a greater influence on ancient Chinese academies(学院) than Zhu Xi (1130-1200).This Song Dynasty thinker and philosopher(哲学家) was one of the greatest supporters(支持者) of education in Chinese history.
Aged just 18, Zhu Xi passed the imperial examination(科举考试). He later became a county official(县令). Many people in the same shoes would have then continued to climb the career ladder(职业阶梯), but Zhu Xi was more interested in spreading knowledge. Thus, he spent a lot of time visiting and writing letters to learned scholars(学者) for academic discussions.
By the time he was 37 years old, Zhu Xi was already a famous scholar. Setting off from what is today's Fujian Province, he travelled to modern-day Hunan Province — then a journey of about one month. There, he visited Zhang Shi, the head teacher of Yuelu Academy(岳麓书院).The two scholars discussed many topics and learnt a great deal from each other. This meeting began a new time of academic exchange(互换) between different schools of thought, and had a lasting influence on the Chinese academia.
1.Zhu Xi had the greatest influence on ancient Chinese academies.
2. Aged just 18/At the age of 18/In 1148 ， Zhu Xi passed the imperial examination.
3.Zhu Xi was more interested in spreading knowledge after he became a county official.
4.It took Zhu Xi a lot of time to visit and (to) write letters to learned scholars for academic discussions.
5.Zhang Shi was the head teacher of Yuelu Academy in 1167.
科普知识类
Passage 1(2023天津）
It is healthy to live around trees.Trees work as doctors and they keep us healthy.
Many scientists have studied how trees clean the air.For people in large cities, trees can be very important for their health.These days, cities are planting trees not just in parks. They are also planting trees along streets in order to help clean the air.
Some scientists also believe trees help more than just the air.Trees keep our bodies healthy as well.People in hospitals seem to do better when they can see trees from their rooms. People with trees near their homes usually take more exercise.
Scientists have also studied the healthy effects(效果) of trees on our minds. One effect of trees seems to be that they make people feel relaxed.Scientists did some research on city people in an area with few trees. After trees were planted on the street, people walked slower when going home.They said the area was much nicer.
Of course, another good effect is that doctor trees work for free!
1.Trees work as doctors and they keep us healthy.
2.Cities are also planting trees along streets to help clean the air.
3.People in hospitals seem to do better when they can see trees.
4.Scientists have studied the healthy effects of trees on our minds.
5.After trees were planted on the street, people walked slower when they went home.
Passage 2(2024部分区一模）
An Astronaut's Day
Every morning you get up, wash your face, brush your teeth, eat breakfast and get ready for your day. These daily actions are so common that you don't think about them much. But what if you were in space There is no gravity(地心引力)there, so weights are not as heavy as they are on Earth. When you drop something, it doesn't fall to the floor. It floats(漂浮) slowly away in the air. This means that astronauts can't just put down a tool. They need to tie it down. And how do astronauts drink In space, water just breaks into small drops and hangs in the air.
Well, astronauts eat and drink differently in space. They have special plates so that their food doesn't float away. They use special bags for drinks so that the drink stays inside.
Sleep is also different in space. Astronauts tie themselves to the wall so that they don't float around when they are sleeping. Since they have to work hard, they need to get plenty of rest. The sun rises and sets so often that it can be confusing(令人迷惑的). The astronauts have alarms(闹钟) and sometimes music to wake them up.
Exercise is important for astronauts as well. Since there is no gravity and astronauts float instead of walking or running, their muscles(肌肉)become weak very quickly. They have to exercise on special machines every day so that this doesn't happen. No one wants to become ill in space and exercise helps them stay healthy.
However, it is not all hard work in space. When they are not doing science experiments, writing reports or exercising, there is a little time for fun. They watch movies, read the news and call family members and friends. The astronauts on the International Space Station can even connect to the Internet.
1.In space, weights are not as heavy as they are on Earth because there is no gravity/there is no gravity there .
2.Astronauts use special plates to eat and drink so that the food doesn't float away .
3.Astronauts tie themselves to the wall when they are sleeping.
4.In order to stay healthy, the astronauts must exercise/exercise on special machines every day.
5.Astronauts don't always work hard, they can also have a little time for fun .
Passage 3(2024和平区二模）
In ancient China, people's names had three parts: their family name, given name and courtesy name(字).
Take famous poet Li Bai as an example. His family name was Li, his given name was Bai, and his courtesy name was Taibai.
People used their given names when they were among family members. But in social life， they called each other by their courtesy names to show respect. This was mostly done among people of similar age. If you were talking about yourself, or if your elders were talking about you, the given name would be used instead of the courtesy name.
Men would get their courtesy name when they turned 20. It was a symbol of adulthood(成人).Women would get their courtesy name after getting married.
One's courtesy name often had something to do with one's given name. For example, Mencius' name was Meng Ke(孟轲). His courtesy name was Ziyu(子舆). Both Ke and Ziyu mean “carriage(马车)”. Zhuge Liang's given name was Liang, which means“bright”. His courtesy name was Kongming(孔明), which means “bright” too.
1.In social life, courtesy names are mainly called by people to show respect .
2.Your given name may be used among the communication of your elders.
3.Women would get their courtesy name after they got married .
4.One's courtesy name often had something to do with one's given name.
5.Zhuge Liang's given name and courtesy name have the same meaning.题型五 任务型阅读
事物介绍类
Passage 1(2024河西区一模）
A yearbook is a tradition in some high schools. The book contains(包含) the name and the picture of each student in your final year, so that you can remember who you went to school with.
A 15-year-old schoolgirl Catherine Cook and her brother David, 16, wanted more than this. They thought, “We don't really know our classmates from just a picture, so why not have a yearbook online You could learn about people's musical tastes, the movies they like, and so on.” With their hard work, a website named my Yearbook was set up, which soon became popular among schoolmates.
On the website, members can connect with each other by sharing movies, music， photos and study guides. Some students feel that they don't fit in at school, but can make friends more easily online. My Yearbook users can also make virtual(虚拟的)“Lunch Money” by completing activities on the website. They then give it away to charities(慈善机构) in the my Yearbook “causes” programme, which has sent 22,000 books to Africa, and bought 20，000 kilos of rice for people without enough food.
Running the website did not stop Catherine and David from completing their schoolwork successfully. Now, they go on to university, but still manage to put in 50 hours a week developing the website.
1.The book contains of each student in your final year .
2.Catherine Cook and David a website named my Yearbook, which soon became popular among schoolmates.
3.On the website, members can each other by sharing movies, music, photos and study guides.
4.Some students feel that they don't fit in at school, but can more easily online.
5.Catherine Cook and David ran the website and successfully at the same time.
Passage 2(2024部分区二模）
Tanzania(坦桑尼亚) is a country which has a lot of animals, such as gnus(角马), lions, cheetahs(猎豹), elephants, giraffes and crocodiles. Every year, many people in the world travel to this African country to watch the animals closely. But do you know how they travel
By bus — This is the most common way. When people get on a bus, they'll find that the bus is a little strange. It is different from the buses we often see. There are no big windows at all， but some small windows. And it looks like a cage. What is it used for Oh, people can use it to watch animals, especially those dangerous animals, and take photos.
By boat — We can often see that many people are on a boat, enjoying the beautiful sights along a river or a lake, and they can also enjoy hippos(河马) and crocodiles from a nearer distance.
By hot-air balloon — In the early morning, when the sun is beginning to rise, a large hot-air balloon is also starting its journey. Taking a hot-air balloon makes most of the travellers excited. After some time, the balloon will land in a certain place, and the waiters will serve people a delicious and special breakfast. But the cost of taking a hot-air balloon is also very high. A person should pay about 400 dollars for an hour's trip.
1.Tanzania has ，such as gnus, lions, cheetahs and elephants.
2.When people get on a bus, they'll find that the bus is .
3.They can also enjoy hippos and crocodiles by boat from .
4.Taking a hot-air balloon for an hour's trip will cost one person.
5.To watch animals closely in Tanzania, you can travel by bus， by boat or .
Passage 3【文化传承】(2024南开区二模）
Dancing and singing, the Yi people and visitors had fun around the fire during the Torch(火把) Festival in Bijie, Guizhou Province, on August 12th. Every year, the Yi ethnic group(彝族) lights torches to show they look up to the fire.
The early Yi people lived in high and cold places in the mountains. They used fire for light to stay warm and cook food. One Yi ethnic old saying goes，“Everything you eat must ‘see' fire.” In the old days, people lit a small fire outside the door before they took animal meat into the home. They put the meat over the fire to drive away bad luck. Fire was also used to light leaves on the ground to make the land rich.
But the festival is more of a social event now. During the festival, both the Yi people and visitors come together. They show and spread their happiness and thanks for a good life. The Yi people also want to get more people to learn about their life.
1.The Torch Festival in Bijie, Guizhou Province is held every year.
2. The early Yi people lived in high and cold places .
3.To drive away ， people lit a small fire and put the meat over it.
4.Fire was also used to light leaves on the ground to make the land .
5.Now， the Torch Festival is more of a .
Passage 4(2024和平区三模）
If you tap your fingers on the screen, your favorite books will be delivered(递送) to your door in a few hours. Cultural consumption(文化消费) in China becomes as easy as ordering a sandwich. It is now happening at the Chengdu Library.
The “Loving to Read at Home” program allows readers to log on(登录) to a mini program of the same name. Then readers can choose their favorite books and wait for them to be delivered to their home by EMS for just 6 yuan for one to three books. Each user can borrow up to eight books at a time for 30 days.
The program covers the whole city. More than 20,000 books from 22 public libraries in Chengdu are ready for loan. So far, more than 300 books have been sent out to readers.
The Chengdu Library is not the only library providing books-to-go services, “Flying books home” is a similar program run by the Zhuzhou Library in Hunan Province. In Beijing, a similar service is also provided by the Chaoyang District Library.
There have been more than 3,300 public libraries and more than 100,000 physical book shops across the country. Chinese people's interest in reading has been growing. “Reading has become an important part of promoting public education and increasing people's confidence in Chinese culture and tradition，” said Xu.
1.Cultural consumption in China becomes ordering a sandwich.
2.After logging on to the mini program, readers can and wait for them to be delivered.
3. With the help of the program, have been sent out to readers in Chengdu.
4. are not only provided in Chengdu but also in many other cities.
5.Reading helps people become more confident .
Passage 5（2023河北区一模)
Volunteering is a great way to help others, whether it's a child who has difficulty finishing his or her homework or an elderly person who feels lonely.
When somebody volunteers, they are doing something good for others or the world around them without being paid. Volunteering comes in all shapes and sizes. It can be organised, such as working for an organisation, or not organised, like helping your neighbours with their food shopping. Many people volunteer to help the environment by picking up rubbish or planting trees.
Helping others can actually help yourself too. Research has shown that volunteering improves your well-being(幸福感). It can give you a sense of purpose — a meaningful goal(目标) to work towards — and then help build your self-trust and make you feel motivated(有积极性的). This is especially true if you match volunteering to your interests. Amy Meek, who volunteers for a wildlife organisation, agrees. Amy loves animals, and by joining the wildlife organisation, she has become much clearer about what she can do and feels more motivated.
Volunteering can also influence your health. By giving something to others， you feel happier and this is good for your health. Volunteering has also been shown to reduce your personal worries. That's because you pay some attention to others' needs. “Volunteering also offers you a chance to meet and connect with people，which is good for our mental health(心理健康), ” says Jolie Goodman of the Mental Health Foundation.
So, what are you waiting for Go volunteering and make a difference, not only for yourself but also for the world.
1.When ，they are doing something good without being paid.
2. Many people volunteer to help the environment by .
3. Amy Meek about what she can do and feels more motivated.
4.Volunteering has also been shown to reduce your personal worries because .
5.The writer thinks it's a good idea to
Passage 6（2023滨海新区二模）
By touching a screen in a small room at the Shijia Hutong Museum in Beijing, visitors can hear more than 300 old Beijing sounds that have disappeared in the modern city.
“Families living in hutongs used to buy things from people traveling through streets,” said Colin Siyuan Chinnery, who started the sound project.
Wang Lin is 26 years old, he comes from Hangzhou, a city in eastern China.He was shocked(震惊) when he learned that camels were used to carry coal, silk, rice and other things in Beijing many years ago. “I didn't believe it until I heard the camel bells in the museum,” Wang said.
“Most sounds of old Beijing have disappeared.That's why I want to record them.Old sounds can still bring back people's memories,” Chinnery said.
As an artist living in China, when Chinnery lived in Beijing as a child, the sound of pigeon whistles(鸽哨) from Beijing's streets left him a deep impression. “I've never heard that in other countries,” he said.
However, these sounds were hard to find. It took him a long time to find a 94?year?old man who used to sell things on the streets and record his shouts to advertise(宣传) his goods and services.To recreate(重现) the sound of camel bells, Chinnery went to the desert and recorded the sound there.
1.Visitors can hear by touching a screen in a small room.
2.Families living in hutongs used to from people traveling through streets.
3.People mainly used to carry coal, silk and other things in Beijing many years ago.
4.When Chinnery was a child, the sound of pigeon whistles from Beijing's streets left him .
5.In the last paragraph, we know it is very to record the old sounds.
观点建议类
Passage 1(2020天津）
Have you ever thought about how many different things you like You may like pets, parties, presents, foods, and even superheroes! Our world is full of so many things to like!
Do you ever wonder(琢磨) why you like certain animals or why you like to do certain things You may not think about it often, but you may learn something about yourself if you think twice.
For example, why do you like to play with cats more than dogs Why do you like going to parties and playing games Why do you like some sweets but not others
Our personality helps form what we like and dislike.Sometimes the things we like just come naturally to us.For example, who's your favourite superhero You probably like that character(人物) for reasons that are all your own.You may not have even thought about why you like that superhero…you just do.
As you learn more and do more, you may find out that there are more and more things you like.That's a good thing!
Do your friends like the same things that you do Maybe you and your friends like different things.But it's OK.What you like is part of what makes you you!
1.Our world is full of to like.
2.You may if you think twice.
3.Our personality helps .
4.As you ， you may find out that there are more and more things you like.
5.It's OK if you and your friends .
Passage 2(2019天津)
Friends are an important part of our lives.We spend time with them, have fun together, and share our opinions, feelings and even secrets.Life would be boring without friends.Friends influence who we are, help us learn, support(支持) us in good and bad times, and care for us even when we are not happy.
Often, we have many happy moments with our friends.We need someone to share things with to make them more enjoyable.Being lonely for long periods of time is not a great feeling.That is why it is important to spend time making friends and nurturing(维持) a close group of friends.
It is important to have a friend to talk to, whether(不论) it is about a sad or happy subject.In good times, it is wonderful to be able to celebrate with someone.It is also important to have someone support you if you have just had an unpleasant experience.Friends are important pillars(中心人物) of support.
Friends teach us important lessons. No one person is the same.As time goes by, we learn to respect one another's differences.This acceptance of others' differences is important as we meet more and more people in our lives, such as new family members, neighbours and new friends.
1.Life without friends.
2.Being lonely for long periods of time .
3.It is important to have a friend to talk to, whether .
4.You need someone to support you if .
5.No one person is the same, so we should .
Passage 3（2024西青区一模)
According to a recent survey report, 60% of teenagers complain that they can't have a good communication with their parents. Parent-child relationship becomes a serious problem.
Nearly every parent says that we never grow up. In their eyes, we are always little ones and always do wrong things. For example， when I need to stay at home alone， they always worry about me and my life.
Most parents always try their best to buy their children pretty clothes, cool shoes, strange but expensive school things, and so on. They think that they have done everything they can for their dear little children. In return, they only want their children to get good grades in the exams.
But why do their children still argue with them Does it mean that they still want more material(物质的) things No. In fact， what they want is a true family. What does a true family mean I think it means a place where we can hide ourselves from the outside cold world. From here， we can get warmth, we can get consolation(安慰),and we can get happiness. And one important thing is that we should be stronger in the outside world because we know that we have a family.
So I think parents and children should sit down to talk with each other. Parents let children feel that they have a true family and the children can understand parents more and more. Then, no children will be regarded as little ones.
1. becomes a serious problem.
2. In our parents' eyes, we are always little children and always .
3.Parents do everything what they can for their children to want their children to .
4.A true family means a place from the outside cold world.
5.Parents and children should sit down each other.
Passage 4（2024滨海新区一模)
Everybody should develop a habit of daily learning something new from now on.It opens our eyes to the world and gives us a deeper understanding of how the world works.
Many studies have shown that learning new things can improve our brainpower(智力)and memory. When we learn something new, our brains(大脑) form new neuronal(神经元的)connections. The more we learn，the easier it is for us to get knowledge. The brain is like a muscle(肌肉). The more we use it，the more powerful it gets. Learning new things can also improve our skills, such as creative writing, maths and many others we'll find helpful now and in the future.
Understanding new information helps us develop our critical thinking(批判性思维) skills. When we're studying a new subject, our brains actively process(加工) new information and compare it to what we already know. Knowing different knowledge also helps us to avoid believing fake(假的) information on the Internet. Even when you are just writing a book report, you are training your mind to become more analytical(善于分析的).
By learning something new, we can have interesting conversations with our friends.We should let ourselves know as much as possible about others' opinions. Next time you meet your friends， share some of the information that you've learned and discuss it. This will give you a deeper understanding of the topic you are trying to know more.
1.Learning something new opens our eyes to the world and
of how the world works.
2. It is easier for us when we learn more something new.
3. helps us develop our critical thinking skills.
4.If we want to avoid believing fake(假的)information on the Internet, we should .
5.We can with our friends by learning something new.
Passage 5(2024西青区二模)
It's good to share your feelings with others. No matter whether your feelings are good or not, it can also help you to get closer to people who you care about and who care about you.
But how to share your feelings First, you should focus(聚焦于) on your feelings. You can't tell your friends what's inside your backpack if you don't know what's in it yourself. Feelings are the same way. Before you share them with someone, you should know what feelings you have. You can make a list of feelings in your head or by writing it out on a piece of paper or even by drawing pictures. What bothers(使烦恼) you Does it make you sad or angry Do you feel this emotion(情感)only once or many times When you do this, it might help you to remember something that happened and think about how it makes you feel. Then you can say, “ I feel sad when my friend doesn't play with me.” or “I feel angry with my classmates…”
Do you know why you should talk about your feelings If you always keep your feelings inside, especially sadness, nervousness or anxiety(焦虑), it can even make you feel sick. But if you talk with someone who cares about you，like your mum and dad, you'll feel much better. Your parents want to know what's happening in your life because they love you. But if you don't want to talk with them, please talk with your friends. They will help you.
1.It is good to .
2.First, you should if you want to share your feelings.
3.Before you share them with someone, you should know .
4.If you always keep your feelings inside, it can even .
5.But if you don't want to talk with your parents, please .
Passage 6【文明礼貌】（2023西青区一模)
No matter where you go, no matter what to do, when you are in public places, you have to be in good manners. How should we behave in public places？
Keep your voice down
Don't speak or laugh loudly. Remember that although you may be excited and want to voice your excitement, the people around you may not be interested in it at all. It's polite to speak at a low volume(音量). This includes laughing as well.
Dress properly
Dress it a way that is appropriate(适合的)for the place that you are going to. If you are going to an event where people dress in a formal(正式的)way, do the same. For example, do not wear blue-jeans or a T-shirt to a dinner party. But it is acceptable to dress casually(穿着随意) if you are going to a museum or a movie theater.
Use table manners
When you eat in public places, use your table manners.
They may help you leave a good impression. In western countries, do not pick up with your hands. You should pick up with a fork or a spoon. When you are in China, you shouldn't start eating first if there are older people at the table. Using your phone while having a meal is also bad behavior.
1.When you are in public places, you have to be .
2.It's polite to .
3. that is appropriate for the place that you are going to.
4.When you eat in public places, .
5.While you are having a meal, it is bad behavior to .
Passage 7(2023东丽区一模)
What would the world be like without colours Have you ever thought about this question No colour lights and no colourful clothes, it's hard to imagine such a boring world!
We are lucky to live in a world with different colours. Do you know about the pyramids(金字塔) of Egypt With the colour of gold, they shine brightly under the sun. The pyramids stand not only for ancient Egyptians' wisdom(智慧) but also for their power. They are so fantastic that they attract visitors from all over the world.
Have you ever been to the Maldives(马尔代夫) It's one of the most popular tourist destinations(目的地) for travellers from around the world. Everything there looks so amazing! The sky and the sea are so clear, clean and blue! Being surrounded(包围) by all of the lovely colours you see, you will feel relaxed and comfortable.
And have you ever heard of Huanglong National Geopark It is located near Jiuzhaigou, Sichuan, China. With its famous colourful ponds, it used to be one of the most beautiful places in the world. Unfortunately, the park was destroyed by an earthquake. What a pity! I hope it can be restored(修复) so that people can enjoy its beauty again.
As you can see, colours make the world a beautiful place. Colours make nature more attractive and our lives more enjoyable. Every one of us should try our best to help protect this wonderful world.
1.We are lucky to live in a world .
2.The pyramids stand for and their power.
3.The sky and the sea in the Maldives are so !
4.Huanglong National Geopark used to be one of in the world.
5. make nature more attractive and our lives more enjoyable.
人物介绍类
Passage 1(2018天津）
Albert Einstein(1879-1955)
Early Life
Albert Einstein was born on 14th March, 1879 in Germany. He was an extraordinary(非凡的) person since he was born. Einstein wasn't able to speak a word until three. He was curious(好奇的) and imaginative. He loved watching things carefully and asked a lot of questions about them. His questions were often hard to answer for teachers.
Schooling
Einstein started school in 1885. Though he did well in maths and science, he failed in many subjects like history, geography and languages. He was not the teacher's favourite. He didn't enjoy going to school. Einstein finished high school in Switzerland and entered a university in Zurich. He graduated(大学毕业) as a teacher of maths and physics in 1900.
Scientific Work
After graduation, Einstein worked at the Patent Office. He spent much time studying physics. By 1909, Einstein had become a top scientist. Though he became successful in the field of science， he still put great effort in scientific research. Finally, he won the Nobel Prize for physics in 1921.
Later life
Einstein kept at his research until he died in 1955.Scientists studied his brain(脑) after his death to see if there was anything special about it. However, there was no conclusion(结论).
Today, many famous scientists still think Einstein is the smartest man in the world.
1.Einstein loved watching things carefully and about them.
2.Though Einstein ，he failed in many subjects.
3.Finally, Einstein won the Nobel Prize in 1921.
4.Scientists studied Einstein's brain after he died so that .
5.Many famous scientists still think Einstein is .
Passage 2(2024河北区一模）
Dr. Reyes Guana is the head teacher of Byron Union School District in Northern California, the US. He has a big title(头衔) now, but Guana never forgets his beginnings.
Guana was born in a poor Mexican family with eight children. His parents always had two jobs to make ends meet. As a boy, Guana was very quiet in school. He had a good relationship with the school cleaner. He called her“Star”because she wore a T-shirt with a star. The boy liked how Star made everything clean. He told her that he liked her job.“Whatever you want to do, make sure you go to college,” Star said.
Guana also looked up to the school headmaster, who was tall and friendly. The school headmaster said that his job was to help the students and teachers.“When I grow up, I want to do what you're doing,”Guana said, “Well，if you stick to your dream, you'll get there,”the headmaster replied.
And Guana did get there. But it was really a long journey. At first, he followed in Star's footsteps and was cleaning schools. He worked at three schools in order to make enough money to pay for his college education. He held that job for four years and then worked his way up to being a school safety monitor. After that, he worked as a teacher for a few years. And in 2019， he became a head teacher.
Guana never forgets where he came from. He helps the students from poor families and shows respect(敬意) for every school staff(教职员工)member. He always invites everyone to school parties, including those who clean the floors and those who drive the school buses.
1.Although Guana has a big title now, he .
2.According to the school headmaster, his job was to .
3.At first, Guana and was cleaning schools.
4.After Guana worked as a teacher for a few years, he .
5.Guana always invites cleaners and school bus drivers to .
Passage 3(2024红桥区二模）
Mao Zedong once said that “Women hold up half the sky.” So it should not be surprising that China is now including female astronauts in its rapidly developing space programme.
China's first woman in space was Liu Yang, a major(上校) in the People's Liberation Army (PLA) Air Force. Liu was one of the three astronauts on board the Shenzhou 9 spacecraft when it was launched(发射) from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Centre in Gansu Province on June 16th, 2012. While in space, Liu carried out(进行)experiments in space medicine, before landing back in Inner Mongolia 13 days after the launch.
Liu was born in 1978 in Zhengzhou, Henan Province. She joined the PLA Air Force in 1997. About 13 years later, she was chosen to work in China's space programme, and after two years of difficult training she finally travelled into space. Liu said before the launch of Shenzhou 9, “I feel honoured to fly into space on behalf of(代表) hundreds or millions of female Chinese citizens.”
Liu now lives in Beijing with her husband. Her hobbies are reading and cooking.
1.Liu Yang was China's in space.
2. astronauts travelled into space with Liu Yang on Shenzhou 9.
3.While in space, Liu Yang carried out experiments in .
4.In ， Liu Yang was chosen to work in China's space programme.
5. Liu Yang's hobbies are .
Passage 4(2024滨海新区二模）
No one perhaps had a greater influence on ancient Chinese academies(学院) than Zhu Xi (1130-1200).This Song Dynasty thinker and philosopher(哲学家) was one of the greatest supporters(支持者) of education in Chinese history.
Aged just 18, Zhu Xi passed the imperial examination(科举考试). He later became a county official(县令). Many people in the same shoes would have then continued to climb the career ladder(职业阶梯), but Zhu Xi was more interested in spreading knowledge. Thus, he spent a lot of time visiting and writing letters to learned scholars(学者) for academic discussions.
By the time he was 37 years old, Zhu Xi was already a famous scholar. Setting off from what is today's Fujian Province, he travelled to modern-day Hunan Province — then a journey of about one month. There, he visited Zhang Shi, the head teacher of Yuelu Academy(岳麓书院).The two scholars discussed many topics and learnt a great deal from each other. This meeting began a new time of academic exchange(互换) between different schools of thought, and had a lasting influence on the Chinese academia.
1.Zhu Xi on ancient Chinese academies.
2. ， Zhu Xi passed the imperial examination.
3.Zhu Xi after he became a county official.
4.It took Zhu Xi a lot of time to learned scholars for academic discussions.
5.Zhang Shi was of Yuelu Academy in 1167.
科普知识类
Passage 1(2023天津）
It is healthy to live around trees.Trees work as doctors and they keep us healthy.
Many scientists have studied how trees clean the air.For people in large cities, trees can be very important for their health.These days, cities are planting trees not just in parks. They are also planting trees along streets in order to help clean the air.
Some scientists also believe trees help more than just the air.Trees keep our bodies healthy as well.People in hospitals seem to do better when they can see trees from their rooms. People with trees near their homes usually take more exercise.
Scientists have also studied the healthy effects(效果) of trees on our minds. One effect of trees seems to be that they make people feel relaxed.Scientists did some research on city people in an area with few trees. After trees were planted on the street, people walked slower when going home.They said the area was much nicer.
Of course, another good effect is that doctor trees work for free!
1.Trees work as and they keep us healthy.
2.Cities are also along streets to help clean the air.
3.People in hospitals when they can see trees.
4.Scientists have studied on our minds.
5.After trees were planted on the street, when they went home.
Passage 2(2024部分区一模）
An Astronaut's Day
Every morning you get up, wash your face, brush your teeth, eat breakfast and get ready for your day. These daily actions are so common that you don't think about them much. But what if you were in space There is no gravity(地心引力)there, so weights are not as heavy as they are on Earth. When you drop something, it doesn't fall to the floor. It floats(漂浮) slowly away in the air. This means that astronauts can't just put down a tool. They need to tie it down. And how do astronauts drink In space, water just breaks into small drops and hangs in the air.
Well, astronauts eat and drink differently in space. They have special plates so that their food doesn't float away. They use special bags for drinks so that the drink stays inside.
Sleep is also different in space. Astronauts tie themselves to the wall so that they don't float around when they are sleeping. Since they have to work hard, they need to get plenty of rest. The sun rises and sets so often that it can be confusing(令人迷惑的). The astronauts have alarms(闹钟) and sometimes music to wake them up.
Exercise is important for astronauts as well. Since there is no gravity and astronauts float instead of walking or running, their muscles(肌肉)become weak very quickly. They have to exercise on special machines every day so that this doesn't happen. No one wants to become ill in space and exercise helps them stay healthy.
However, it is not all hard work in space. When they are not doing science experiments, writing reports or exercising, there is a little time for fun. They watch movies, read the news and call family members and friends. The astronauts on the International Space Station can even connect to the Internet.
1.In space, weights are not as heavy as they are on Earth because .
2.Astronauts use special plates to eat and drink so that the food .
3.Astronauts to the wall when they are sleeping.
4.In order to stay healthy, the astronauts must every day.
5.Astronauts don't always work hard, they can also have .
Passage 3(2024和平区二模）
In ancient China, people's names had three parts: their family name, given name and courtesy name(字).
Take famous poet Li Bai as an example. His family name was Li, his given name was Bai, and his courtesy name was Taibai.
People used their given names when they were among family members. But in social life， they called each other by their courtesy names to show respect. This was mostly done among people of similar age. If you were talking about yourself, or if your elders were talking about you, the given name would be used instead of the courtesy name.
Men would get their courtesy name when they turned 20. It was a symbol of adulthood(成人).Women would get their courtesy name after getting married.
One's courtesy name often had something to do with one's given name. For example, Mencius' name was Meng Ke(孟轲). His courtesy name was Ziyu(子舆). Both Ke and Ziyu mean “carriage(马车)”. Zhuge Liang's given name was Liang, which means“bright”. His courtesy name was Kongming(孔明), which means “bright” too.
1.In social life, courtesy names are mainly called by people to .
2.Your name may be used among the communication of your elders.
3.Women would get their courtesy name after they .
4.One's name often had something to do with one's given name.
5.Zhuge Liang's given name and courtesy name have the meaning.
