(共53张PPT)
Unit 2
I’ll help to clean up the city parks.
Period 1
Section A 1a-2d
Words
动词短语
clean up 打扫干净 put off 推迟 care for 照顾
cheer up 使变得高兴；振奋 take off 脱；起飞 look after照顾
call up打电话；征召 cut off 切除 take care of 照顾
fix up 修理 turn off 关上 give out 分发；散发
set up 建起；设立 get off 下车 hand out 分发
get on 上车 take after 像 try out 参加…选拔
put on 穿上 look like（外貌）像
be like（性格）像
put up举手；张贴 come up with 想出；提出
give up 放弃 give away 赠送；捐赠
make up编造
动词短语
1.打扫干净 推迟 照顾
2.使变得高兴；振奋 脱；起飞 打电话；征召
3.切除 修理 关上
4.分发；散发 建起；设立 下车
5.分发 上车 （外貌或行为） 像
6.参加…选拔 穿上 （外貌）像
7.（性格）像 举手；张贴 放弃
8. 编造 想出；提出 赠送；捐赠
volunteers
How could we help people
help to clean up the parks
visit the sick kids in the hospital to cheer them up
help to plant trees
help the old people
help to give out food at the food bank
1a Look at the ways you could help people
in the picture. Then list other ways.
I hope to work outside.
You could
help to clean up the city parks.
1a Look at the ways you could help people
in the picture. Then list other ways.
Other ways you could help people
1. ________________________________
2. ________________________________
3. ________________________________
________________________________
4. ________________________________
Help to plant trees by the river
Help to clean up the city park
Visit the old people in the old people’s home
Help young kids to learn English
Listen and number the ways the boy and girl could help others.
1b
___ The girl could visit the sick kids in the hospital to cheer them up.
___ The boy could give out food at the food
bank.
___ The girl could volunteer in an after-school
study program to teach kids.
___ The boy could help to clean up the city parks.
1
2
3
4
短语动词若有代词作宾语，必须将代词放于动词与副词之间
动词不定式短语做目的状语
1c Practice the conversation in the picture
above. Then make other conversations using
the information in 1b.
I hope
to work
outside.
You could help
to clean up the
city parks.
1. You could help to clean up the city parks.
你可以帮助打扫城市公园。
（1）help作动词，意为“帮助”，后可接动词不定式做宾补，不定式符号to可省略。即help sb. to do sth.意为“帮助某人做某事”，也可用help sb. with sth.代替。
如：I can’t help you to lift this stone.
=I can’t help you with this stone.
我不能帮你搬这块石头。
Language points
help也可作名词，常用短语为with the/one’s help“在......帮助下”；without the/one’s help “没有......的帮助”。
如：With Jim’s help , you’ll have nothing to worry about.
有了吉姆的帮助，你将不会有任何担忧。
Language points
（2）clean up是动词短语，意为“打扫干净；清除干净；整理”，其中up为副词，接名词作宾语时，宾语可放在后边也可放在中间；接代词作宾语时，必须放在中间。
如：She is cleaning the kitchen now.
=She is cleaning the kitchen up now.
她现在正在打扫厨房。
The bedroom is too dirty,please clean it up.这间卧室太脏了，请打扫干净。
Language points
Language points
2. The girl could visit the sick kids in the hospital to cheer them up.这个女孩可以去医院看望生病的孩子们使他们高兴起来。
cheer up为动词短语，意为“（使）变得更高兴；振奋起来”。在短语中up为副词，可接名词或代词做宾语。名词做宾语既可以放在动词与副词之间，也可放在副词之后，代词做宾语只能放在动词与副词之间。
如：We all cheered up when we heard Li Na won the prize.
等我们听到李娜赢得比赛时，我们都欢呼了起来。
I tried my best to cheer my little brother up.
我尽最大努力使我的弟弟高兴起来。
Language points
3. The boy could give out food at the food bank. 这个男孩可以在食物站分发食物。
give out是动词短语，意为“分发；散发”，同义词组为hand out。在短语中out为副词，可接名词或者代词做宾语，名词做宾语既可放在动词与副词之间，也可放在副词之后；代词做宾语只能放在动词与副词之间。
如：The teacher asks me to give out the exam paper.老师让我发试卷。
The radio is giving out a strange noise.
收音机发出一种奇怪的噪声。
give构成的词组有：
give up 放弃 give in 屈服 give off 发出（气味）
2a A group of students are planning a
City Park Clean-Up Day. Listen and
check (√) the things they are going to
do to tell people about it.
√
√
√
2b Listen again. Fill in the blanks.
We need to _____ ____ _____ a plan to tell people about the city park clean- up.
2. Clean-up Day is only two weeks from now. We can’t _____ _____ making a plan.
We could _____ _____ signs.
4. Let’s make some notices, too. Then I’ll _____ them _____ after school.
5. We could each _____ _____ 10 students and ask them to come.
3. We could _____ _____ signs.
2b Listen again. Fill in the blanks.
1. We need to _____ ____ _____ a plan to tell people about the city park clean- up.
2. Clean-up Day is only two weeks from now. We can’t _____ _____ making a plan.
3. We could _____ _____ signs.
come up with
put off
put up
put off doing
推迟做…
4. Let’s make some notices, too. Then I’ll _____ them _____ after school.
5. We could each _____ _____ 10 students and ask them to come.
give out
call up
2b Listen again. Fill in the blanks.
2c Make a conversation using the
information in 2a and 2b.
We need to come
up with a plan for
the City Park
Clean-Up Day.
Let’s have
lunch first.
No, we need to
start now. Clean-Up
Day is only two
weeks from now.
4. We need to come up with a plan to tell people about the city park clean-up .
need 用实义动词，“必要”、“必需”。有人称、数和时态的变化，接名词、代词、动名词或带 to 的不定式作宾语。
The man needs an English dictionary when he works.
这个人在工作时需要一本英语词典。
Do you need to see him yourself
你必需亲自见他吗？
clean up “打扫；清理”。如果在clean 和up间加个连字符号, 它就是名词了, 意为“扫除”。
e.g. You must give your classroom a good
clean-up.
你必须对教室进行彻底地打扫。
come up with 提出（观点，看法）。
e.g. He’s come up with a great idea. 他想出了一个绝好的办法。
I came up with a better plan than that.
我提供了一个比那还好的计划。
5. We can’t put off making a plan.
put off 推迟；拖延
Never put off till tomorrow what you can do today. 今日事今日毕。
We put off the game because it rained.
因下雨，我们延期了比赛。
6. We could put up signs.
put up 张贴，搭建
He put up a poster just now.
刚才， 他张贴了一张海报。
Before it got dark, they put up their tent in a field. 天黑前，他们在地里搭起了帐篷。
put on 表演; 穿上 put off 推迟; 延期
put out 熄灭; 发表 put forward 提出
put down 镇压; 记下 put away 收拾; 放好; 储存; 吃; 放弃 put back 放回原处
拓展:
2d Read the conversation and
answer the questions.
Hi, Tom. I’m making some plans to work in an old people’s home this summer.
Really I did that last summer!
Role-play the conversation.
2d Answer the questions and role-play the conversation:
1 What is Helen going to do this summer
2 When did Tom volunteer
3 What did he do to help others
4 What is Tom’s advice
She is going to work in an old people’s home this summer.
Last summer.
He read the newspaper to the old people , talked to them and listened to their stories about the past and how things used to be.
They should listen to the old people and care for them.
used to “过去常常…”, 用于表示过去
的状态或过去的习惯性动作。
He used to get up early.
他过去常常起床很早。
The river used to be clean.
这条河过去很干净。
7. They told me stories about the past and
how things used to be. 他们告诉我关于过去的故事及曾经的事情是怎么样的。
be used to doing 习惯于 做… use sth to do …用…来做…..
链接：
lonely adj. 寂寞的，孤独的，荒凉的，偏僻的（内心） 既可作定语也可作表语
She felt lonely and sick for her parents.
她感到孤独,十分想念她的父母。
That’s a lonely island. 那是一个荒凉的岛屿。
8. Yeah, a lot of people are lonely.
alone adj. 单独的；独自的（外在形体）
Though John was alone, he was not lonely.
虽然约翰独自一个人,但他却不感到孤单。
链接:
By the way, do you feel _______when you are ______
alone, lonely B. lonely, alone
C. alone, alone D. lonely, lonely
解析：alone 是形容词也可作副词，指一个人处境孤独但并不寂寞、悲伤的意思。 lonely是形容词，强调内心孤独，有寂寞、悲伤的情感。 如： He is alone, but he doesn’t feel lonely.
B
Attention !
alone是表语形容词，因此能说The man is alone，不能说an alone man，也不能说very alone。此外，alone 也可做副词，用于动词之后。
The old man lives _____ in a ______ house, but he never feels _______.
A. alone, lonely, lonely
B. alone, alone, lonely
C. lonely, lonely, alone
D. alone, alone, alone
A
4a
Fill in the blanks with the phrasal verbs in the box.
1. I want to ____________ my plan to work in an animal hospital until next summer. I’m too busy with my studies this year.
2. She hopes to _______ at least five primary schools to ask if they need volunteers for their after-school programs.
put up
hand out
call up
cheer up
come up with
give out
put off
put off
call up
put up
hand out
call up
cheer up
come up with
give out
put off
3. Our class is trying to
____________ some ideas to ________ sick children because they are often sad.
4. We decided to ________ signs around the school and ________ notices to tell students about the book sale. We will ________ the money from the sale to homeless people.
come up with
cheep up
put up
hand out
give out
三.动词不定式 Infinitive
当我们要表示“想做某事、需要做某事或决定做某事”时，就会出现两个动词连用的情况，这时应如何表达呢？ 同学们自然会想到 want to do sth., need to do sth.和 decide to do sth. 等表达方式。
主要行为动词后面的动词采用“to+动词原形”的结构，我们把这种结构称为动词不定式（有时可以不带to）。动词不定式没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能作谓语。下面我们一起来看一下动词不定式有哪些语法功能。
1.什么是动词不定式？
1). 不定式作宾语
动词不定式作动词的宾语。学习不定式
作宾语时,要注意掌握后接不定式作宾语的动
词。常见动词有: want, hope, wish, like, begin,
try, agree, help 等。
Many people decide not to think about it.
许多人决定不去想这件事。
I want to go to the library.
我想去图书馆。
2. 动词不定式的主要语法功能：
动词 + to do sth.的固定搭配：
want to do sth.
decide to do sth. ..
hope to do sth. plan to do sth.
offer to do sth. agree to do sth.
learn to do sth.
He’ll use what he has ______ her a new dress. (无锡中考) A. bought B. to buy C. buying D. been bought
2. --- Mum, can I have something _______ --- Oh, dear. You can only drink some water. There is _______ in the kitchen. (宿迁中考) A. to drink; nothing else B. drinking; something else C. to eat; something else D. eating; nothing else
【解析】选A。不定式作定语修饰名词或代词时要放在后面，先排除B、D二项；由关键信息You can only drink some water. 可排除C。
3. (2005武汉) Mother asks me _______ computer games before finishing my homework.
A. not play B. to play C. not to play D. to not play
B
C
2). 动词不定式作形容词的宾语。这类形容词有: able, afraid, angry, careful, easy等。如：
I am very happy to meet you. 我见到你很高兴。
She is afraid to walk at night. 她害怕走夜路。
It is easy to understand the cartoon.看懂这部卡通片很容易。
( ) 1. He wants ______ some vegetables.
A. buy B. buying C. to buy D. buys ( ) 2. Don't forget ______ your homework with you when you come to school.
A. to bring B. bringing
C. to take D. taking
( ) 3. He found it very difficult ______.
A. sleeping B. sleeps
C. slept D. to fall asleep
C
A
D
[Practice]
2. 动词不定式做宾语补足语
不定式做宾语补足语是对宾语的补充说明。
1).带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词主要有：要求允许提议(ask, allow, advise)，期望邀请鼓励 (expect, invite, encourage)，教导告诉想要 (teach, tell, want)，等待希望愿意(wait for, wish, would like / love)。如：
I’d invite her to have dinner at my house.
We should allow the children to choose their own clothes.
2）不带to的不定式作宾补
在主动句里，动词不定式在使役动词 (make, let, have)或感官动词 (feel, listen to, hear, look at, see, watch, notice)之后作宾补时，不定式需省去to。包括一“感觉”：feel二“听”：hear, listen to；；三“让”：have, let, make；四“看”：look at, notice,see, watch；半帮助help
e.g.1).I felt someone open my door.
我感觉有人开了我的门。
2).Please listen to me sing the song again.
请听我把这首歌再唱一遍。
3).You can’t let the boy stand in the sun.
你不能让那孩子站在太阳底下。
4).You must watch me carefully do everything.
你必须仔细观察我所做的一切。
Notice：
感官动词后既可跟省略to的不定式作宾补，也可跟现在分词作宾补。其区别是：前者强调动作的全过程或经常性；后者则强调动作在进行(片断)。
1).I heard her sing. 我听见她唱了歌。
2).I heard her singing. 我听见她正在唱歌。
3).带to或不带to的不定式作宾补
动词help后接动词不定式作补语，to可带可不带。
e.g.1).They can help you to learn English.
2).Using email English helps you write quickly.
4).不定式做宾语补足语时，如果要表达否定的意思，要在to do前加not, 构成not to do的形式。e.g.1).Tom told me not to touch anything.
2).Mother asked us not to make too much noise.
3. 不定式作状语
不定式常常作目的状语、原因状语、结果状语等。不定式作状语时，要注意不定式的逻辑主语应与句子的主语保持一致。
e.g.1).I came to Beijing to see my grandpa.
我来北京看望我爷爷。
2).I’m glad to meet you！很高兴见到你！
3).I’m too tired to walk.
我太累了，走不动了。
1）目的状语
如果想要表达“做某事是为了什么”，可以用动词不定式表示目的，作目的状语。不定式做目的状语时，可以放在句首，页可以放在句尾。置于句首时常表示强调。
e.g.1). In order to catch the early bus, she got up very early.
2).A group of young people got together to discuss this question.
3).She came to this city to visit her daughter.
2）原因状语，多见于“sb.+be+adj.+to do...”结构句中。
e.g.1).I feel very lucky to have him.
2).He ran out of money to buy old bikes.
3）结果状语，多见于“too ... to”，“enough to ...”结构句中。
e.g.1). I’m too tired to do it well.
2).The room is big enough for three people to live in.
A: If you could go to Thailand,
what would you like to do
B: I’d like to cheer up homeless people .
What about you
A: I’d like to ...
phrases词组
clean up set up
cheer up put up
put off give out
hand out work outside
… …
—You bedroom is so dirty.Would you please
______ ,Peter
—OK.mum.I’ll do it right away.
A.set it up B.put it on
C.pick it up D.clean it up
2. The teacher often sings songs to _______ his students in class.
A. pick up B. cheer up C. turn up
3. Many social workers went to Ya’an to ______ clean water and food to local people to reduce their pain from the earthquake.
A.put out B.come out C.work out D.give out
D
B
D
1. 他看起来很悲伤。我们来让他高兴起来。
He looks sad. Let’s ______ him ______.
2. 我们需要提出一些想法。
We need ____ _____ _____ _____ some ideas.
3. 我们不能推迟制定计划。还有两个星期就是清洁日了。
We can’t ______ ______ _____ a plan. _______ ______ is only two weeks from now.
4. 你可以分发食物。You could _____ _____ food.
5. 他们去年建立了一所学校
They ___ ___ a school last year.
cheer up
to come up with
put off making
Clean-up Day
Exercises
give out
set up
填空
I forgot to _____ its address _____, now I can’t find it.
He couldn’t ——————— an idea.
After meals, Han Mei often helps the table at home.
We have to _____ the meeting because of rain.
Young man, ! Don’t cry for the over spilt milk.
He ___ a new world record in September, 1935.
set up; cheer up; clean up; put off; come up with; write down
write down
come up with
clean up
put off
cheer up
set up
选择词组填空
必须记住我们学习的时间有限的。时间有限，不只由于人生短促，更由于人事纷繁。
—— 斯宾塞
