语法专题定语从句及练习（含答案）-2024-2025学年高中英语人教版（2019）必修第二册

高一英语语法专题：定语从句
一、定义及其作用
在复合句中，修饰某一 的从句叫定语从句，被修饰的词叫 ，从句放在先行词后，但常常用 连接
关系代词：that,which,who.Whom.Whose.as.
关系副词：when where why
切记：没有what Whether If how
限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
二、关系词的作用
1)、引导
2)、代替 在其引导的定语从句中并且充当一定的 。
理解和牢记这两条概念，弄清楚关系词在定语从句中充当什么成分，是掌握定语从句的关键。
考点一：that 与which/who 区别
当先行词是物时，只用 that 不用which 的情况
1)当先行词是nothing,something,anything,all,each等不定代词时。
Do you have anything is important to tell me
2)当先行词被all,any, some,no,not,every.each等修饰时。
I have some books are very good.
3)当先行词被形容词最高级、序数词所修饰时。
This is the first book I bought myself.
The biggest bird I caught is this bird.
4)当先行词被the very, the last, the next, the only 等词修饰时。
This is the very book I lost yesterday.
5)当先行词又有人又有物时。
I won't forget the things and the persons I saw.
当先行词是人时，只用that不用who、whom 的情况
当主句中的主语是who 时，只能用 that 。Who is the girl is standing over there 不能使用that 的情况。
1)非限制性定语从句中。
Mary has a book, is very precious. I have a son, is really lovely and interesting.
2)在介词之后。 修饰物用which；修饰人用whom
This is a house in a old man lives. There are 40 students in the class, most of are boys.
3)当主句中的主语被that修饰时。
That dog I found in the street belongs to Mary.
考点二：介词 +whom/which 中介词的选择
1)介词与先行词搭配
We arrived at an old church,in front of which stood a tree.
2)介词与从句中的动词、形容词搭配
There was no one I could turn at that time.
Ours is a beautiful country, we are greatly proud.
Ours is a beautiful country, we take greatly pride.
It is a local custom, we're familiar.
(to whom,of which,in which,with which)
3)据句意判断
This is the bus we travelled. This is bus we travelled.
(on which, by which)
注意谓语动词
1)Those (break) the law will be punished
2)Anyone (break) the law will be punished.
(who break, who breaks)
考点三：whose 用法
关系代词whose既能修饰人，也能修饰物，在定语从句中充当定语，代替先行词的所有格。
whose+n=the n +of which/of which +the n
She is the girl English sounds very beautiful.
He lives in the house roof is very sharp(三种形式)
考点四：关系代词as的用法及其与which的区别。
1.当先行词被 the same, such, as, so 修饰时，用as 引导其后的定语从句
She has bought the same book you bought last week
I have borrowed the same book you returned last week
He was such a good student we all liked
He was such a good student all the teachers liked him
2.as引导的非限制性定语从句可前可后，译为“正如”; which 引导的非限制性定语从句只能位于主句后面，无意义。
1)As we all know,he is a famous scientist.
2)He is a diligent boy,as is expected.
3)It is necessary to build a hospital in this small town,which is clear to us.
4)Our department will hold the meeting, as is known by us.
常用句式：
as we all know/as is known to all as is often the case as was expected
考点五：当先行词是表示时间或地点的名词时，注意关系副词 when,where 和关系代词that, which 的区分。
This is the park we visited last year.
This is the park we held a birthday party.
She won't forget the days she spent on the island.
She won't forget the days they stayed together.
I like the time we lived together.
I like the time we had together.
常用句式There was a time when.... Days are gone when....
occasion/stage +when/where+定语从句
situation/point/scene/case/position/condition…+where+定从
It's helpful to put children in a situation hey can see themselves differently.
I have reached a point in my life I am supposed to make decisions of my own 注意where 作定语从句中抽象意义的地点状语
Life is like a long race we compete with others to go beyond ourselves.
Teaching is a job patience is needed.
关系副词when, where, why 可以换为介词+which
1.I won't forget the date when ( which) I was born
2.This is the room where ( which) I lived.=This is the room which I lived in.
3.I don't know the reason why ( which) he haven't come today.
考点六：注意way /reason 后接定语从句的情况
I don't understand the way they worked out the problem
The way he explained to us was quite simple.
The reason he was late was that he was held by the heave traffic.
The reason he gave for his being late was that he was held by the heave traffic
考点七：定语从句的到装句
1)That is our school,in front of lies a large wheat field.
2)We got to a farmhouse, lived an old farmer and his son.
考点八：定语从句和强调句的区别
It is the place he was born
It is in the place he was born
It was in the restaurant I had lunch. I found my book
---Where did you find your book
---It was in the restaurant I had lunch.
考点九 ： 定语从句和同位语从句的区别
1)The fact he said nothing at the meeting surprised us
2)The fact he told me surprised us.
考点十：定语从句的插入语现象
1)I suggest you choose someone you think is kind and friendly.
2)I went to Xiao Wang, I knew was ready to help me at any time.
考点十一：定语从句和简单句的区别
I have many friends,some of are doctors.
I have many friends;some of are doctors
I have many friends and some of are doctors
I have many friends,some of being doctors
考点十二:表整体与部分关系时定语从句的表达
There are 90 students in our class, (一半) are girls.
He told us many stories, this is a good example.
(half/50%of whom,of which)
考点十三:特殊的定语从句
1.The book was written in 1946, the education system has witnessed great changes.
2.I stood in front of the window, I saw a crowd of people.
3.We need practical knowledge base our thinking.
(since when, from where,on/upon which to)
定语从句相关练习
1.She brought with her three friends,none of I had ever met before.
A.them B.who C.whom D.these
2.I was born in New Orleans,Louisiana,a city name will create a picture of beautiful trees and green grass in our mind.
A.which B.of which C.that D.whose
3.My friend showed me round the town, was very kind of him.
A.which B.that C.where D.it
4.The house I grew up has been taken down and replaced by an office building.
A.in it B.in C.in that D.in which
5.She'll never forget her stay there she found her son who had gone missing two years before
A.that B.which C.where D.when
6.A person e-mail account is full won't be able to send or receive any e-mails
A.who B.whom C.whose D.whoever
7.—What do you think of teacher,Bob
—I find it fun and challenging.It is a job you are doing something serious but interesting
A.where B.which C.when D.that
8.Many youth went to the Shanghai Science and Technology Museum on Nov.16,2009, US President Barack Obama delivered a speech during his four-day state visit.
A.which B.in that C.where D.that
9.“You'll have to wait for two hours, is,about 11:30, the medical report will come out,”the doctor said to me.
A.that;when B.which;that C.that;before D.which;when
10.I don't like the way. he often uses to speak to me.
A.in which B.how C.which D.what
11.John, money is no problem,still leads a simple life.
A.for whose B.of whose C.of whom D.for whom
12.Nowadays,when people talk about magicians,the first one comes into their mind is Liu Qian
A.whom B.which C.that D.what
13.He didn't put the things they belonged,for he got his punishment
A.which;that B.what;this C.that;whose D.where;which
14.All the neighbors admire this family, the children and parents build up a friendly relationship.
A.why B.where C.which D.that
15.Young people who have got jobs may realize university lessons can't be the only preparation for all of the situations appear in the working world.
A.where B.when C.that D.what
16.This term the students in our province are studying a new course called Life Guidance, covers possible real life issues.
A.whose B.which C.that D.what
17.All is a continuous supply of the basic necessities of life
A.what is needed B.for our needs C.the thing needed D.that is needed
18.As to the unemployment,the government has taken a series of measures in many areas, ,I am sure,will benefit the people out of work.
A.which B.that C.what D.where
19.The days are gone we studied together at college,but I can still remember your lovely voice
A.which B.in which C.that D.when
20. is often the case with elder people,my grandma talked about my new hairstyle for at least 50 minutes nonstop.
A.That B.Which C.As D.It
21.Safety in school has been of great concern because of frequent reports about accidents students got injured or killed while in school.
A.in which B.for which C.which D.when
22.Everyone has periods in their lives everything seems very hard.
A.when B.where C.which D.that
【2021年】
1. (浙江卷)BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight.
【2020年】
1. (江苏卷)Many lessons are now available online,from students can choose for free.
2. (天津卷)Dr.Rowan, secretary resigned two weeks ago,has had to do all his own typing.
3. (新课标Ⅲ卷 )In ancient China lived an artist paintings were almost lifelike.
【2019年】
1.(江苏卷) We have entered into an age dreams have the best chance of coming true.
2.(天津卷)Their child is at the stage she can say individual words but not full sentences.
3.(全国1卷 )One afternoon where I was in primary school,I was walking by the school playground.
4. (全国I卷)Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, she opened with her late husband Les.
5. (全国Ⅲ卷)They were well trained by their masters had great experience with caring for these animals.
6. (全国Ⅲ卷) In the cafe,customers will enjoy themselves in the historical environment is created for them.
7. (浙江卷)On the edge of the jacket,there is a piece of cloth gives off light in the dark.
8. (北京卷) What students do at college seems to matter much more than they go.
9. (北京卷)The students benefiting most from college are those are totally engaged(参与)in academic life.
【2018年】
1. (北京卷)She and her family bicycle to work, helps them keep fit.
2. (天津卷)Kae, sister I shared a room with when we were at college,has gone to work in Australia.
3 . (江苏卷)Self driving is an area China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line
4 . (全国I卷)Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes.
5. (全国I 卷 )They also had a small pond they raised fish.My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by selling the fish.
6. (全国Ⅱ卷)The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the government started (start)a soil-testing program gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers-and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7million tons.
7. (全国Ⅱ卷)Many westerners come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap it can be to eat out.
【2017年】
1.(北京卷) The little problems we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions
2.(江苏卷) In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme,one of purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.
3.(天津卷) My eldest son, work takes him all over the world,is in New York at the moment.
【2016年】
1. (北京卷)I live next door to a couple children often make a lot of noise
2. (江苏卷) Many young people,most were well-educated,headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.
3. (浙江卷)Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears,none of has been proved.
4. (天津卷) We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, the weather may be better.
答案
一、定语从句相关练习
1. 答案：C。先行词为“three friends”，指人，且在“none of...”结构中作宾语，位于介词后，只能用whom。
2. 答案：D。先行词为“city”，“name”与“city”是所属关系，表示“城市的名字”，用whose引导定语从句。
3. 答案：A。“which”引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整个句子“My friend showed me round the town”，在从句中作主语。
4. 答案：B。“grow up”是不及物动词短语，“in which”相当于“where”，在从句中作地点状语，此处可省略in which，直接用in。
5. 答案：D。先行词为“stay”，在从句中作时间状语，表示“在她待在那里期间”，用when引导。
6. 答案：C。先行词为“A person”，“e-mail account”与“person”是所属关系，用whose引导定语从句。
7. 答案：A。先行词为“job”，在从句中作抽象地点状语，意为“在这份工作中”，用where引导。
8. 答案：C。先行词为“the Shanghai Science and Technology Museum”，在从句中作地点状语，用where引导。
9. 答案：A。“that is”是插入语，意为“也就是说”；“about 11:30”是时间，在从句中作时间状语，用when引导。
10. 答案：C。先行词为“way”，在从句中作“uses”的宾语，用which或that引导，也可省略。
11. 答案：D。“for whom”表示“对某人来说”，“for whom money is no problem”在句中作定语修饰“John”。
12. 答案：C。先行词为“the first one”，当先行词被序数词修饰时，用that引导定语从句。
13. 答案：D。第一空，先行词为“the things”，在从句中作地点状语，用where引导；第二空，“for which”引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整个句子。
14. 答案：B。先行词为“this family”，在从句中作抽象地点状语，用where引导。
15. 答案：C。先行词为“situations”，在从句中作主语，用that或which引导，此处用that。
16. 答案：B。先行词为“a new course”，在从句中作主语，且从句为非限制性定语从句，用which引导。
17. 答案：D。先行词为“All”，当先行词为不定代词时，用that引导定语从句。
18. 答案：A。“which”引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整个句子“the government has taken a series of measures in many areas”，在从句中作主语。
19. 答案：D。先行词为“The days”，在从句中作时间状语，用when引导。
20. 答案：C。“As is often the case with...”是固定用法，意为“正如……常有的事”，as引导非限制性定语从句，可位于句首。
21. 答案：A。先行词为“accidents”，在从句中作地点状语，“in which”相当于where，表示“在这些事故中”。
22. 答案：A。先行词为“periods”，在从句中作时间状语，用when引导。
二、历年高考真题答案
2021年
1. （浙江卷）答案：that/which。先行词为“measurement tool”，指物，在从句中作主语，用that或which引导。
2020年
1. （江苏卷）答案：which。先行词为“Many lessons”，指物，在“from which”结构中作宾语，用which引导。
2. （天津卷）答案：whose。先行词为“Dr. Rowan”，“secretary”与“Dr. Rowan”是所属关系，用whose引导。
3. （新课标Ⅲ卷 ）答案：whose。先行词为“artist”，“paintings”与“artist”是所属关系，用whose引导。
2019年
1. （江苏卷）答案：when。先行词为“an age”，在从句中作时间状语，用when引导。
2. （天津卷）答案：where。先行词为“the stage”，在从句中作抽象地点状语，用where引导。
3. （全国1卷 ）答案：when。先行词为“One afternoon”，在从句中作时间状语，用when引导，原句“where”错误。
4. （全国I卷）答案：which。先行词为“the pet shop”，在从句中作宾语，用which引导。
5. （全国Ⅲ卷）答案：who/that。先行词为“masters”，指人，在从句中作主语，用who或that引导。
6. （全国Ⅲ卷）答案：which/that。先行词为“the historical environment”，指物，在从句中作主语，用which或that引导。
7. （浙江卷）答案：which/that。先行词为“a piece of cloth”，指物，在从句中作主语，用which或that引导。
8. （北京卷）答案：where。“where they go”在句中作地点状语，表示“他们去哪所大学”。
9. （北京卷）答案：who/that。先行词为“those”，指人，在从句中作主语，用who或that引导。
2018年
1. （北京卷）答案：which。“which”引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整个句子“She and her family bicycle to work”，在从句中作主语。
2. （天津卷）答案：whose。先行词为“Kae”，“sister”与“Kae”是所属关系，用whose引导。
3. （江苏卷）答案：where。先行词为“an area”，在从句中作抽象地点状语，用where引导。
4. （全国I卷）答案：that/which。先行词为“a study”，指物，在从句中作主语，用that或which引导。原句中showed前缺少关系词。
5. （全国I卷 ）答案：where。先行词为“a small pond”，在从句中作地点状语，用where引导。
6. （全国Ⅱ卷）答案：that/which。先行词为“a soil - testing program”，指物，在从句中作主语，用that或which引导。
7. （全国Ⅱ卷）答案：who/that。先行词为“Many westerners”，指人，在从句中作主语，用who或that引导。
2017年
1. （北京卷）答案：that/which。先行词为“the little problems”，指物，在从句中作宾语，用that或which引导。
2. （江苏卷）答案：whose。先行词为“the World Food Programme”，“purposes”与“the World Food Programme”是所属关系，用whose引导。
3. （天津卷）答案：whose。先行词为“My eldest son”，“work”与“My eldest son”是所属关系，用whose引导。
2016年
1. （北京卷）答案：whose。先行词为“a couple”，“children”与“a couple”是所属关系，用whose引导。
2. （江苏卷）答案：of whom。先行词为“Many young people”，“most of whom”表示“他们中的大多数”，在从句中作主语。
3. （浙江卷）答案：which。先行词为“many theories”，指物，在“none of which”结构中作宾语，用which引导。
4. （天津卷）答案：when。先行词为“next week”，在从句中作时间状语，用when引导。