高中英语 二轮专题复习 句法1-定语从句 课件

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句法基本知识
Syntax
定语从句
名词性从句
状语从句
虚拟语气
倒装句
强调句
省略
三 大 从句
特 殊句 式
句 法
4. 宾补（object complement） ：对宾语的补充。 宾补和宾语之间通常具有逻辑上的主谓或主表关系。
You make me happy. VS The teacher made me clean the classroom.
I sent you a dog.
5. 表语（predicative） ：系动词之后的成分（是什么、 怎么样、 介词短语）
基本成分简单记：
1. 主语（subject）： 动作的发出者
2. 谓语（predicate） ： 动作
I can’t decide what to wear.
Don’t look at me.
3. 宾语（object）： 动作的承受者
I will teach you a lesson.
当无法判断两个成分是宾语+宾语or 宾语+宾补时 ， 可在两个成分之间加 be（或不加） ，合理则为宾补； 不 合理则为双宾。
五 大 基 本句 型 ：（简 单 句 ）
简单句： He broke my heart.
I cried. 并列句： 简单句+并列连词+简单句 He broke my heart and I cried. 复合句： 主句+从属连词+从句： This is the reason why I cried.
三大句子类型
定 语 从句
Attributive clause
何为定语从句
定义：用来修饰名词或代词的从句
He who presented wonderful performances for us is my favorite character.
This is a humorous actor that is fantastically handsome.
关系词
先行词
先行词
关系词
定 语从句 考 点
先行词 主语 宾语 表语
定语
人
物
限 制性 定 语 从句 —关 系 代 词
先行词 从句缺主语 人 who/that
He is the man who/that lives next door.
物 which/that
The train which/that has just left is for Shenzhen.
限 制性 定 语 从句 —关 系 代 词
先行词 从句缺宾语 人 that/who/whom/不填
The man that/who/whom/不填we have just seen is a famous writer.
物 that/which/不填
Where is the book that/which/不填 I bought last week
限 制性 定 语 从句 —关 系 代 词
先行词 从句缺表语 人 that/不填
He is no longer the man that/不填 he used to be.
物
This is no longer the dirty place that/不填 it used to be.
限 制性 定 语 从句 —关 系 代 词
先行词 从句缺定语 人 whose
He is the man whose car was stolen last week.
物
It was a meeting whose importance I did not realize at that time.
限 制性 定 语 从句 —关 系 代 词
【例1】They came to a house whose back wall had broken down.
= They came to a house the back wall of which had broken down. = of which the back wall
【例2】 He is the man the name of whom I ’ve completely forgotten.
= He is the man I ’ve completely forgotten. =
注意1： whose+n. = the + n. + of which/of whom = of which/of whom + the + n.
先行词 主语 宾语 表语
定语
人 that/who that/who/whom/不填 that/不填
whose
物 that/which that/which/不填
关 系 代 词 总 结
从句需要状语 when：表“时间”
I still remember the time when I first became a college student.
where：表“地点”
This is the hotel where they are staying.
why：表“原因”
That is the reason why he is leaving so soon.
限 制性 定 语 从句 —关 系 副词
【例】 We were put into a position where we had either to accept we were
less important, or fight the government.
注意3： 当 point, situation,position, case, condition, stage(阶段)， 等词作先行词表
注意2： 当 occasion 表示“ a particular time or instance of an event(特定的) 时
【例】 Describe an occasion when you had to give up some important things.
示 “情况， 境地， 场合 ”等意思时， 定语从句引导词用 where：
刻 ”时， 定语从句引导词用when：
（3）使用关系副词的注意事项：
①三个关系副词在意义上都相当于“介词 + which”结构。
【例 1】 I was in Beijing on the day when (=on which) he arrived.
【例 2】The office where (= at which) he works is on the third floor. 【例 3】This is the chief reason why (=for which) we did it.
【识记指导】
介词后只能用 which，不能用 that。
介词根据动词与先行词的搭配来选择。
“介词 + 关系代词”引导定语从句时 ， 关系代词常用 which（指物） 或 whom （指人） ， 即“介词
+which/whom”。
a. 当介词放在关系代词的前面时 ， 关系代词 which 或 whom 不能省略。
【例】 In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person, to whom she could turn for help.
b. “名词 / 代词 + 介词 + 关系代词”结构。
此类结构常见的有 some/several/a few/a little/many/more/most of +which/whom 等。 【例】 Here are the questions, some of which I think are difficult for you.
【拓展延申 】
关系代词前介词的确定。
a. 依据定语从句中动词的某种固定搭配来确定。
【例】 I bought a great many books, on which I spent all my money that I saved.
b. 根据所表达的意思来确定。
【例】The colorless gas without which we cannot live is oxygen.
②当先行词是表时间的 time, day 等和表地点的 place, house 等时 ，一定要注意分析关系词在从
句中所充当的成分。
关系代词
关系副词
先行词 主语 宾语 表语 定语
状语
人 that/who that/who/whom/不填 that/不填 whose
when
物 that/which that/which/不填
where
why
非限制性定语从句： This is our teacher, who is very patient and gentle. 关系代词
关系副词
先行词 主语 宾语 表语 定语
状语
人 whose
when
物
where
不能用that和why引导
不能省略
2. 非限制性定语从句关系词
that/who/whom/不填
that/不填
that/which/不填
that/which
that/who
why
限制性定语从句： 与主句关系密切： 去掉后， 主句意思不完整
The accident happened at the time when I left.
非限制性定语从句： 与主句的关系不密切： 附加说明
His mother, whom he loved deeply, died ten years ago .
限制性定语从句： 先行词是名词、 代词
非限制定语从句： 先行词是名词、 代词、 整个句子
The meeting was put off, which gave us more time to prepare .
非 限 制性 定 语 从句 VS. 限 制性 定语 从句 的区 别
(1) 只用that的情况
(2) 只用which/whom/whom的情况
区别1：that与which/who/whom的区别
(1) 在限制性定语从句中
(2) 在非限制性定语从句中
（二） 关系词的特殊用法
区别2：as与which的区别
关系词用 that 或 in which 或 省略
固定：先行词是the way
2组区别 1个固定
【例1】 Everything that you want is here.
【例2】 All the books that you offered have been given out.
先行词被形容词最高级和序数词修饰时
【例3】 This is the best film that I have ever seen.
先行词既指人又指物时
【例4】 We talked about the persons and things that we remembered.
先行词指物且被 the only, the very 修饰时
【例5】 This is the only book that he has.
句中已经有 who 或 which ，为了避免重复时
【例6】 Who is the man that is making a speech
(1) 只用that的情况：
先行词为不定代词 ，或被不定代词修饰时： 包括： all, any, some, much, few, little, no... （ +thing）
区别一： that 与 which, who, whom 的用法区别
不定、 序数和最高
有人有物、 怕重复
the only、 the very
（2）只用 which, who, whom的情况
在非限制性定语从句中 ，只能用which 指代物 ，用 who/whom 指人
【例】 He has a son, who has gone abroad for further study.
在 由“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中 ，只能用 which 指物 ，whom 指人
【例】 I like the person to whom the teacher is talking.
先行词本身是 that/those ，指物时 ，关系词用 which；
先行词为 those, one, he ，指人时 ，多用 who
【例1】What's that which flashed in the sky just now
【例2】Those who respect others are usually respected by others.
区别一： that 与 which, who, whom 的用法区别
1. 限制性定语从句：名词前有such, so, as, the same修饰时 ，关系代词用as。 【例】 He is not such a fool as he looks.
2. 非限制性定语从句：位置上：as 可前可后 ，which只能置后
含义上：as有“正如 ，就像”之意 ，which没有。
区别二： as与which的区别
先行词是 the way, 意为“方式， 方法” 时 ，且关系词在从句中作状语时， 引导定语从句的关
系词用 that/in which 或省略
【例】 I didn't like the way (that / in which / ×) she talked to me.
eg: I don’t like the way is very ridiculous.
固定用法： 先行词是the way
整体回顾