2025届高三下学期英语一轮复习专项：英语语法系列-第七章 非谓语动词 导学案（无答案）

第七章 非谓语动词
非谓语动词引入
I got up early to catch the first bus. to do不定式作目的状语
I bought a sleeping bag. 动名词作定语
Do you know that man sitting over there 现在分词作定语
Laughed at by others, Mike felt angry. 过去分词作原因状语
非谓语动词在句中不能作谓语，但保留着动词的某些特征（比如有自己的宾语和状语），非谓语动词没有人称和数的变化，但有时态和语态的变化，可以在句中作除了谓语之外的任何成分。
非谓语动词的分类：
非谓语动词的形式：
非谓语动词作主语
1. to do不定式作主语，可以直接放在句首，谓语动词用单数。可以表示将来的动作或者具体的某一次行为。
To enter a good university is my goal.
To make him change his mind this time is impossible.
注：不定式作主语时常置于句末，用it作形式主语放在句首。
It is impossible to make him change his mind this time.
注：不定式作主语时,其逻辑主语常用of/for引出。
It is easy for me to learn English well. 形容词侧重于评价事
It is silly of you to do such a thing.形容词评价人的特征
It is impossible ______me to arrive there before 5p.m. key: for
It is kind _______you to help me with my English. key: of
2. 动名词作主语，可以直接放在句首，谓语动词用单数。表示一般的、抽象的、泛指的概念，或已经完成的事情。
Smoking is bad for our health.
Losing this game made him very disappointed.
注：动名词作主语也可以用it形式主语。常用的情况：
It is no use/no good/fun/useful/useless/a waste of..doing
It is no use crying over spilt milk.
It is a waste of time playing computer games.
非谓语动词作主语：练一练
（1）It took years of work___________(clean) the river.
（2）__________(be) a millionaire is my goal.
（3）It is kind _____ you to lend me so much money.
（4）__________(read) books broadens our horizons.
（5）It is no good________(stay) up late.
（6）(2021年) It is possible ________(walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers.
（7）(2020年) These days, it is not unusual for 10-to 12-year-olds to publish their own websites or for second and third graders _________ (begin) computer classes.
（8）(2019年) On our way to the house, it was raining so hard that we couldn’t help wondering how long it would take ________ (get) there.
Keys: to clean; To be; of; Reading; staying; to walk; to begin; to get
非谓语动词作表语
1. to do不定式和动名词作表语时，如果对主语内容进行解释时，两者可以互换。
My job is to teach English/teaching English.
To teach English/Teaching English is my job.
注：表示未来的动作时，只能用to do。主语通常是dream, goal,aim,purpose,plan,wish 等表示意向、打算的词。
My goal is to enter a good university.
2. 现在分词和过去分词作表语时，具有形容词特征。
interesting,exciting,surprising, amazing,shocking,interested, excited,surprised, amazed,shocked等。
The game is very exciting.
I’m interested in English.
Your speech is very encouraging.
My bike is broken.
She was injured seriously.
注:主语有实义动词do的某种形式时，作表语的to do省略to。
What I want to do is have a good sleep.
注:主语和表语结构对称
Seeing is believing. = To see is to believe.
非谓语动词作表语：练一练
（1）My dream is ________(travel) around the world .
（2）The news is so__________(shock) .
（3）The film is so _______that we’re deeply______(move).
（4）My wish is ________(study) at a top university.
（5）The naughty boy is so ________(annoy) .
Keys: to travel; shocking; moving; moved; to study; annoying
非谓语动词作宾语
to do不定式作宾语:
①做动词的宾语：只能加to do作宾语的动词（短语）：
(1)三个希望一答应一承诺(hope，wish，expect，agree，promise)
(2)两个要求一拒绝(demand，ask，refuse)
(3)设法学会做决定(manage，learn，decide/determine)
(4)假装在选择(pretend，choose)
(5)打算提出与计划(intend，offer，plan)
(6)申请失败负担起(apply，fail，afford)
(7)准备渴望又碰巧(prepare，desire，happen)
(8)迫不及待要威胁（can’t wait，threaten）
②做介词的宾语：介词but, besides, except 后可以加to do不定式作宾语。
I have no choice but to work hard.
若but, besides, except前有实义动词do的形式，省略to.
I can do nothing but wait.
注：can’t help but do 不得不做某事/情不自禁做某事
注：to do作宾语时，如果后面有宾补，借助形式宾语it.
I think to study English well is important.
I think it important to study English well.
We think it necessary to make a plan in advance.
We think it our duty to help those in need.
2. 动名词作宾语: 只能加动名词作宾语的动词（短语）：
(1)喜欢考虑逃避避免 (enjoy，consider，escape，avoid)
(2)不禁放弃太冒险(can’t help，give up，risk)
(3)感激承认与否认(appreciate，admit，deny)
(4)介意想象三推迟(mind，imagine，delay，put off，postpone)
(5)允许完成期待(allow/permit，finish，look forward to)
(6)建议继续多练习(suggest，advise, go on，keep on，practise)
(7)致力原谅和坚持(be devoted to，excuse，insist on)
(8)成功别错过(succeed in，miss)
注：allow，permit，advise后需加动名词作宾语，如果后面有名词或代词作宾语，则用to do不定式作宾补。
allow/permit/advise doing
allow/permit/advise sb to do
Our school doesn't allow smoking.
Our school doesn't allow us to smoke.
注：want,need,require作“需要”讲时,后面加动名词表示被动含义，相当于to do不定式的被动：want/need/require doing=want/need/require to be done
The car needs repairing.=The car needs to be repaired.
类似：deserve“值得” + doing= +to be done
He deserves respecting.=He deserves to be respected.
注：接不定式与动名词作宾语意义不同的动词
forget to do 忘记去做某事 forget doing 忘记做过某事
remember to do记得去做某事remember doing记得做过某事
regret to do对将做某事感到遗憾 regret doing 后悔做过某事
try to do努力做某事 try doing 尝试做某事
stop to do 停下来去做另一件事 stop doing 停下目前做的事
go on to do继续做另一件事 go on doing 继续做目前做的事
mean to do 打算做某事 mean doing意味着做某事
can’t help (to) do不能帮助做..can’t help doing 情不自禁做.
注：有些动词后面可用to do和doing 作宾语，区别不大。
like, love, begin, start, hate, continue, prefer+to do/doing
would like 后面只能用to do， feel like后面只能用doing
注：介词后面的宾语需要用动名词
After/Before finishing his homework, he went to bed.
She was praised for helping the old lady.
look forward to/be used to习惯于/ stick to/object to/be devoted to/
be equal to/be absorbed in 等,后面加名词或动名词。
注：以下结构中，介词in常省略
have difficulty/trouble/problems (in) doing做某事有困难
I have difficulty/trouble/problems (in) finding the exit.
spend 时间/金钱 (in) doing 花费时间 / 金钱做某事
I spent much time (in) improving my English.
There is no point (in) doing 做某事没意义
There is no point (in) arguing with her.
注：其他形式的宾语：do one’s/some doing, go doing
do some washing/ running/ reading/ writing
go swimming/ hunting/ shopping/ skating
注：adj.的宾语： be worth doing
The music is worth listening to more than once.
非谓语动词作宾语：练一练
（1）He managed ________(solve) the problem.
（2）I can’t imagine______(live) without my phone .
（3）Sorry! I didn’t mean _________(disturb) you.
（4）I’m looking forward to ________(see) you.
（5）Never give up ______(try) .
（6）(2021年) After __________ (spend) some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action
（7）(2021年) Minimize the impact of ________ (visit) the place.
（8）(2021年) Activities there range from whale watching to hiking (远足) and accommodations aim _______(have) a low impact on the natural environment.
（9）(2019年) Scientists have responded by _____ (note) that hungry bears may be congregating (聚集) around human settlements.
（10）(2019年) A 90-year-old has been awarded “Woman Of The Year” for ______ (be) Britain’s oldest full-time employee—still working 40 hours a week.
Keys: to solve; living; to disturb; seeing; trying; spending; visiting; to have; noting; being
非谓语动词作定语：单个词前置，短语后置
to do作定语:
①表示动作尚未发生, 被动用to be done
I was in a hurry because I had a train to catch.
I have something important to say.
The problem to be solved is quite difficult.
I have some clothes to wash. 自己洗
I have some clothes to be washed. 让别人洗
②由序数词,形容词最高级,the only, the last, the next 修饰的名词或代词用不定式作定语。
He is the most suitable person to do the job.
She is the only one to know the truth.
I am always the first to come and the last to leave.
③被限定词是抽象名词时,常用不定式作定语:chance,opportunity,ability,way,promise,
attempt等。
He doesn’t have the ability to solve complex problems.
I hope to have the chance to study abroad.
She made a promise to help me.
2.动名词作定语: 常置于被修饰词的前面,表示被修饰词的用途
a walking stick/ a reading room/ a waiting room/a washing machine/ washing powder /a sleeping bag/ a swimming pool/ a running track/ fishing net /
a writing desk/a diving board/a cooking pot等。
3.现在分词作定语: 表主动、进行，被动、进行用being done.
The smiling girl is very helpful.
The man standing over there is Mr. Smith.
The bridge being built now is 100 meters long.
对比：动名词和现在分词作定语
a sleeping bag / a sleeping baby
a swimming pool / a swimming boy
注：date back to/date from/ belong to / consist of 只能用现在分词作定语
I bought a vase dating back to / from Ming Dynasty.
The luggage belonging to him is very heavy.
We visited a committee consisting of ten experts.
4.过去分词作定语:及物动词的过去分词表被动、完成。
He was responsible for the damaged goods.
The report written by him is full of mistakes.
注：不及物动词的过去分词只表完成
retired workers 退休工人 escaped prisoners 逃犯
faded flowers 凋落的花 departed friends 离去的朋友
对比:
falling leaves / fallen leaves
developing countries / developed countries
boiling water / boiled water
a drowning man / a drowned man
the rising sun / the risen sun
对比:
The house _________(build) next month will be very big.
The house ___________(build) now is very big.
The house ______ (build) last month is very big.
Keys:to be built; being built; built
注: 形容词化的现在分词和过去分词作定语，表示特征
an interesting film / a disappointing result/ a moving story / an annoying boy
an excited girl / the frightened children/ the shocked people /a surprised look
非谓语动词作定语：练一练
（1）You should grab the opportunity _____(go) abroad.
（2）I have many clothes ______(wash).I can’t go shopping.
（3）The car_____________(repair) now is mine.
（4）There is a __________(swim) pool in my house.
（5）The vase ________(break)by him dates back to 1560 .
（6） (2022年) Henry ran one hundred meters, jumped over a 1.2-meter fence, and held out his arms to catch the ______(fall) child.
（7） (2022年) A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days to Xi’an, as a first step _________ (journey) the Belt and Road routeby foot.
（8）(2022年) Inspired by the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation ______ (hold) in Beijing,Cao decided to cover the route by hiking as a tribute (致敬) to the ancient Silk Road.
（9） (2022年) China has a responsibility to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry. It can help to build a community with a ________ (share) future for mankind.
（10）(2021年) Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure and offers a place where you can sit down to rest your ________ (ache) legs.
Keys: to go; to wash; being repaired; swimming; broken; falling; to journey; held; shared; aching
非谓语动词作补足语
1.to do 不定式作宾补。常见的动词有：ask, invite, want, encourage, wish, expect, beg, request, require, advise, order, force, cause, allow, permit, forbid, warn, remind, teach, call on, appeal to,wait for, would like/love/prefer等。
The heavy rain caused the river to rise rapidly.
The government called on us not to waste water.
注:不带to的不定式作宾语补足语。
五看：see, watch, notice, observe, look at
二听：hear， listen to
一感觉：feel
三使役：let, make, have
My mother makes me clean my room every day.
I saw him enter the hall yesterday.
主动to离开，被动to回来
I am made to clean my room by my mother every day.
He was seen to enter the hall by me yesterday.
注:sb be said/believed/known/reported/considered/thought等后，常用to do/ to have done 作主语补足语。
Chinese people are considered to be the most hard-working people in the world.
He was reported to have passed away.
现在分词作宾补，表示主动、进行。
常见动词：see, watch, notice, observe, look at, hear, listen to, feel, get, have, keep, leave, find, catch等.
I found/caught him cheating in the exam when I came in.
Don't leave her waiting outside in the rain.
对比：I heard him sing last night.
I heard him singing when I came back home.
注:形容词化的现在分词作宾补表特征
I find the book boring.
3.过去分词作宾补，表示被动、完成。
常见动词：see, watch, notice, observe, look at, hear, listen to, feel, get, have,make, find等。
She tried to make herself heard among the people.
注:形容词化的过去分词作宾补表特征
I saw the door closed.
非谓语动词作补足语：练一练
（1）He invited me ________(have) dinner with him.
（2）I saw him _________(laugh) when I passed by.
（3）He kept me ________(wait) outside for two hours.
（4）He is considered____________(make) great progress.
（5）I never force others ______(do) anything.
（6）(2020年)They make great gifts and you see them many times ___________(decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.
（7）(2020年) And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds_____________ (surround) the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears.
（8）(2020年) As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations (模拟) and imagine themselves living at a different time in history or ________ (walk) through a rainforest.
（9） (2018年) Once his message was delivered, he allowed me ________ (stay) and watch.
（10）(2017年)Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet. They are required ___________ (process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions.
Keys:to have; laughing; waiting; to have made; to do; decorated; surrounding; walking; to stay;to process
六、非谓语动词作状语
to do不定式作状语
①作目的状语，意为“为了；以便”。
To improve his English, he practices English every day.
He practices English every day to improve his English.
注：to do前可以加in order或 so as, so as to do 不能置于句首。
In order to get a good grade, she studied very hard.
He sold his old car in order to/so as to buy a new one.
② 作结果状语
用于only to do结构中, 表出乎意料的结果。
He hurried to school, only to find it’s Sunday.
用于too adj./adv. to..结构中
The box is too heavy to lift.
They arrived too late to get good seats.
用于adj./adv.enough to..结构中
She is old enough to go to school.
③ 作原因状语
常用于“主语＋系动词＋形容词＋to do”结构中。
常见形容词：happy, sorry, lucky, glad, anxious, pleased,disappointed, angry, proud, surprised, delighted，clever,foolish等。
I’m sorry to have bothered you.
I’m pleased to meet you.
He is so foolish to believe that.
注：在“主语＋系动词＋形容词＋to do”结构中，如果句子的主语和不定式构成逻辑上的被动关系，不定式通常用主动形式表示被动含义。
The question is hard to answer.
The sofa is comfortable to sit on.
④作评论性状语
to be sure, to be honest/ frank, to tell you the truth, to put it another way，to put it simply, to be fair, to be brief, to be exact,to make matters worse, to sum up,
to begin/start with等。
To be honest/frank, I don’t like you.
To begin/start with, we need to analyse the problem.
2.现在分词作状语: ①作时间、结果、原因、伴随、条件、让步、方式状语等，与句子主语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系。
His parents died, making him so sad.
Being ill, he didn’t go to work.
Not knowing where to go, he felt very upset.
Having been scolded many times, the boy became more careful.
②作评论性状语
generally / strictly/ frankly/roughly/broadly speaking, taking .....into account, considering...., judging from/by....等.
Generally speaking, girls are more suitable for the job.
Taking the weather into account, we decided to put off the sports meeting.
3.过去分词作状语: 作时间、结果、原因、伴随、条件、让步、方式状语等，与句子主语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系。
Seriously injured, she was sent to the hospital at once.
Given more time, I could do it better.
The teacher entered the classroom, followed by many students.
注：有些过去分词作状语时不表示被动或完成，而表示状态。常见的词和短语有：located, seated, hidden, devoted/ dedicated/committed to, lost/absorbed/buried in, dressed in,faced with等。
Located in the center of our city, the bar is very popular.
Faced with so many challenges, he was very confident.
注：现在分词的完成被动形式作状语时，常用过去分词代替。
(Having been) seriously injured, he was sent to the hospital.
※如果强调状语的动作发生在主句动作之前，用现在分词。
Having been told many times, he still made the same mistake.
Having lived in Beijing for years, he knows it very well.
非谓语动词作状语：练一练
（1）_______(see) from the plane, the city looks small.
（2）_______(see) the beautiful scenery, he felt so relaxed.
（3）She came in, ________(carry) a baby in her arms.
（4）She refused me, ________(make) me heartbroken.
（5）________(attract)by her beauty, he fell in love with her.
（6）(2022年) The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority _____________ (increase) effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management.
（7）(2022年) Eric woke up a little later when he heard children playing outside. He pushed a chair onto the balcony (阳台), and climbed up ______ (see) them.
（8）(2022年) _______________ (strengthen) the connection with young people, the event included a number of public promotional activities on social media.
（9）(2022年) __________ (cover) an area about three times the size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country.
（10）(2021年) I was upset to learn that many sea animals eat plastic garbage, ________ (think) it is food.
Keys: Seen; Seeing; carrying; making; Attracted; to increase; to see; To strengthen; Covering; thinking
※非谓语动词补充知识点
wh-/how +to do构成不定式短语，和名词性从句有相同的作用，在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、同位语。
I don’t know what to say about it.
The question is whether to accept his gift.
How to solve the problem needs to be discussed.
The decision when to start the project is very important.
2. 根据句意需要，现在分词和过去分词前可以加上when, while, until, once, unless, as long as, so long as, as if,as though, though, although, even if, even though等。
When reading a book, he often takes notes.
She didn't leave until finishing her work.
Though defeated, he still remained positive.
Once seen, it can't be forgotten.
3. 当动名词的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致时，要在动名词前加上物主代词或名词所有格（作宾语时可以是人称代词宾格或名词普通格），这便是动名词的复合结构。
I really appreciate Peter’s (Peter) helping me today.
Your coming makes me so happy.
对比：Do you mind opening the door
Do you mind my(me) opening the door
4.独立主格
独立主格可以理解为在句子中作状语的短语，可置于句前、句中、句尾。主要有两部分组成：逻辑主语和逻辑谓语。
n./pron.+to do: 表示未发生的动作
No one to wake me up, I have to set the alarm clock.
A lot of work to do, I worked extra hours.
The meeting to be held tomorrow, I have to prepare for it.
n./pron.+doing: n./pron.和动词是主动关系
All the students having sat down, the class began.
The couple walked in the park, their dog following them.
n./pron.+done: n./pron.和动词是被动关系
The job finished, they went home.
The teacher came in, his arms crossed.
n./pron.+adj.: He looked at me, his eyes full of tears.
n./pron.+adv.: The meeting over, all of us left the room.
n./pron.+prep: He came in, a book in his hand.
n./pron.+n: Many people jointed us, most of them men.
在独立主格前加上with/without, 变为with复合结构, 放在句首，和句子用逗号隔开；放句尾，不用逗号。
With a report to write, I can’t go to the party.
Without you helping me, we couldn’t have finished it.
With the problem solved, we all felt relieved.
小试牛刀：
（1）With the guide_______(lead) the way, we found the way out.
（2）The boy _______(run) ahead, we couldn’t catch up with him.
（3）He stood there, his eyes_______(close).
（4）The boy was crying with his toys_______(break) .
（5）A meeting ________(attend) , I have to get up early.
Keys:leading; running; closed; broken;to attend
5. to do不定式主动表被动
不定式作定语与被修饰词为被动关系且句中有动作执行者
I have a lot of problems to solve.
主语＋系动词＋形容词＋to do中主语和to do是被动关系时
The work is easy to do.
不定式与疑问代词连用时
I don’t know what to do.
在独立主格和with复合结构中
(With) a lot of homework to do, I had to stay up late.
to blame, to let 等在be动词后作表语时
He is to blame for the accident.
The big house is to let.
高考真题演练
1. (2021年) I decided to do something ___________ (educate) people about this problem.
2.(2020年) Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang’e-4 ________ (find) and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin.
3. (2020年) They represent the earth ________ (come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.
4.(2020年) They are easy ________ (care) for and make great presents.
5.(2020年) The next morning he hired a boat and set out ________ (find) the well-known painter.
6. (2017年) This included digging up the road, _______ (lay) the track and then building a strong roof.
7.(2019年) Modern methods of tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive ____________ (perform) consistently over a large area.
8.(2019年) Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award, proud Irene declared she had no plans _______ (retire) from her 36-year-old business.
9.(2019年) When we got a call _______ (say) she was short-listed, we thought it was a joke.
10. (2019年) On the last day of our week-long stay, we were invited to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm, _________(listen) to musicians and meeting interesting locals.
11.(2018年) You don’t have to run fast or for long _______ (see) the benefit.
12. (2018年) You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of _______ (die) early by running.
13.(2018年) China’s approach to protecting its environment while _________(feed) its citizens “offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide”, says the bank’s Juergen Voegele.
14. (2018年) I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid _________ (look) directly into his eyes so he doesn’t feel challenged.
Keys: to educate; to find; coming; to care; to find; laying; to perform; to retire; saying; listening; to see; dying; feeding; looking