八大简单基本句型 课件（共37张）2025届高三英语复习必会基础语法

(共37张PPT)
八大简单基本句型
Eight Basic Sentence Patterns
时间
导入
几乎所有的语言底层逻辑都有共性？
共性是什么？
汤姆挂了。 Tom died.
我爱汤姆。 I love Tom.
汤姆是个学生。 Tom is a student.
我给简买了一只猫。 I bought Tom a cat.
汤姆让猫笑了。 Tom made the cat smile.
有本书在桌子上。 There is a book on the desk.
时间
导入
几乎所有的语言底层逻辑都有共性？
共性是什么？
汤姆挂了。 Tom died.
我爱汤姆。 I love Tom.
汤姆是个学生。 Tom is a student.
我给简买了一只猫。 I bought Tom a cat.
汤姆让猫笑了。 Tom made the cat smile.
有本书在桌子上。 There is a book on the desk.
时间
导入
汤姆挂了。 Tom died.
我爱汤姆。 I love Tom.
汤姆是个学生。 Tom is a student.
我给简买了一只猫。 I bought Tom a cat.
汤姆让猫笑了。 Tom made the cat smile.
语序跟汉语完全一致！
Understandable
有本书在桌子上。 There is a book on the desk.
分类
八大简单基本句型
1. 主语+谓语 S+Vi. (不及物动词)
3. 主语+谓语+宾语 S+Vt.+O (及物动词)
5. 主语+系动词+表语 S+V.+P (系动词)
6. 主语+谓语+宾语+宾补 S+Vt+O+OC (及物动词)
7. 主语+谓语+间宾+直宾 S+Vt+IO+DO (及物动词)
2. 主语+谓语+状语 S+Vi.+A (不及物动词)
4. 主语+谓语+宾语+状语 S+Vt.+O+A (及物动词)
8. There+be 句型 There +am/is/are/was/were+sth+some place.(系动词)
一.句子分类
时间
状态
分 类
简单句 (simple sentence)
并列句 (compound sentence)
复合句 (complex sentence)
按照结构来划分
分 类
句子的分类
分类 说明 例句
简 单 句 由一个主语或并列主语和一个谓语或并列谓语构成的句子。即一套主谓关系。 1. Tom and I found her there.
2. We all breathe, eat and work.
并 列 句 由并列连词（and,so,but, or等）把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起而构成的句子。 1. He likes eggs, but he doesn’t like chickens.
2. Work hard or you will fall behind.
复 合 句 由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子 1. I believe you are right.
2. If you study harder, you will pass the exam.
时间
状态
分 类
基本句型一.主语+谓语 S+Vi.(不及物动词)
S-主语 Vi-不及物动词
1. Time 2. The sun 3. My head 4. The rain flies.
rises.
aches.
has stopped．
此句型中动词是不及物动词,能表达完整意思,即画面感完整。主语可有修饰语---定语，谓语可有修饰语---状语
The red sun rises in the east.
时间
状态
分 类
基本句型二.主语+谓语+状语 S+Vi.+A(不及物动词)
S-主语 Vi-不及物动词 A-状语
1. Time 2. The sun 3. My head 4. The rain flies rises aches has stopped quickly.
in the east.
sometimes.
at the shop
此句型中动词是不及物动词,能表达完整意思,即画面感完整。主语可有修饰语---定语，谓语可有修饰语---状语
The red sun rises in the east.
时间
状态
分 类
基本句型三.主语+谓语+宾语 S+Vt.+O(及物动词)
S-主语 Vt-及物动词 O-宾语
1. Who 2. Jack 3. Jack 4. Jack 5. Jack knows laughs at wants doesn’t know enjoys the animal
him.
to have a cup of tea.
what to do.
living here.
此句型中的谓语动词是及物动词，必须跟一个宾语，才能使意思完整，而宾语成分的多样化使这一结构异常复杂。
时间
状态
分 类
基本句型四.主语+谓语+宾语+状语 S+Vt.+O+A(及物动词)
S-主语 Vt-及物动词 O-宾语 A-状语
1. Jack 2. Jack 3. Jack 4. Jack 5. Jack saw smiles at wants doesn’t know enjoys the animal her to have a cup of tea the answer living here in the park.
happily.
at home.
sometimes.
from then on.
此句型中的谓语动词是及物动词，必须跟一个宾语，才能使意思完整，而宾语成分的多样化使这一结构异常复杂。
时间
状态
分 类
基本句型五.主语+系动词+表语 S+V+P(系动词)
S-主语 V-系动词 P-表语
1. It 2. The dish 3. The dream 4. She 5. The flower turns went came gets smells cold.
bad.
true.
angry.
fragrant.
此句型中谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。
时间
状态
分 类
基本句型五.主语+系动词+表语 S+V+P(系动词)
变 不变 似乎 是 看(感观) 终止
get become turn grow go come run fall keep stay remain lie stand seem appear be am is are was were look smell taste sound feel turn out
prove
只有系动词后面的才做表语!
时间
状态
分 类
基本句型六.主语+谓语+间宾+直宾 S+Vt+IO+DO(及物动词)
S-主语 Vt-谓语 IO-间宾-人 DO-直宾-物
1. The cat 2. My mom 3. Jack 4. Tom 5. Spring gave bought showed teaches brings her baby me the girl us the earth a kiss.
a helicopter.
his pictures
English.
warmth.
“贱人”直物-间人直物
双宾语结构可以切换：
Jack gave his son a kiss. -----Jack gave a kiss to his son.
时间
状态
分 类
基本句型六.主语+谓语+间宾+直宾 S+Vt+IO+DO(及物动词)
以下动词：会接双宾语
award buy give leave lend refuse offer pay show teach tell save do make pass sell send spare sing
write
answer
deny
envy
时间
状态
分 类
基本句型七.主语+谓语+宾语+宾补 S+Vt+O+OC(及物动词)
S-主语 Vt-谓语 O-宾语 OC-宾补
1. We 2. They 3. We 4. Jack 5. Tom keep call can make saw painted the table me him us the book clean.
Jack.
smile.
getting on the bus.
green.
宾语一定要再加一个补充成分，才能使意思完整。
时间
状态
分 类
基本句型七.主语+谓语+宾语+宾补 S+Vt+O+OC(及物动词)
注意：用 it 做形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放到
宾语补足语的后面，是英语常用句型。
即 主语 + 谓语 + it + 宾补 + 真正宾语。如，
I found it very pleasant to be with your family.
常用于此句型的动词有:
think, believe, consider, suppose, find, feel, make
状态
分 类
基本句型八.There be句型 There+be+sth+地点(系动词)
There Be Sth. Place
1. There 2. There 3. There 4. There is are was were a book two kids 3 trees 10 dollars on the desk.
in the classroom.
in the yard.
in the drawer.
There be 句型中 be 动词的选择依据“就近原则”
二.练习
时间
状态
练习一
判断下列句子属于哪种类型？
The question seems quite easy.
S+V+P 主系表
时间
状态
练习一
判断下列句子属于哪种类型？
The sun rises in the east.
S+Vi 主谓
时间
状态
练习一
判断下列句子属于哪种类型？
The boy ate 10 pigs very quickly.
S+Vt+O 主谓宾
时间
状态
练习一
判断下列句子属于哪种类型？
Mark made the fire bigger.
S+Vt+O+OC 主谓宾宾补
时间
状态
练习一
判断下列句子属于哪种类型？
Jack wrote Mary two letters.
S+Vt+IO+DO 主谓宾宾
时间
状态
练习一
判断下列句子属于哪种类型？
There is a meeting to be held in the afternoon.
There be 句型
时间
状态
练习一
判断下列句子属于哪种类型？
He ate 10 monkeys in an hour at the restaurant.
S+Vt.+O+A 主谓宾状
时间
状态
练习二
判断下列句子属于哪种类型？
1. You are sitting on the train home.
2. Here comes the bus !
3. The ego’s potential for expansion is limitless.
4. HHS hosts the international Snow Festival.
5. Our neighbors gave us a baby bird last night.
6. Jack thinks it our duty to study well.
主+谓（S+Vi）
主+谓（S+Vi）
主+系 +表（S+V+P）
主+谓 +宾（S+Vt+O）
主+谓 +间宾 +直宾（S+Vt+IO+DO）
主+谓 +宾 +补（S+V+O+OC）
练习三
翻译下列句子并分析句子结构：
1.我经常在早晨读历史。
2.杰克是个聪明的学生。
3.我的老师交给杰克一封信。
1. I often read history in the morning.
2. Jack is an intelligent student.
3. My teacher gave Jack a letter.
练习三
翻译下列句子并分析句子结构：
4.我姐姐经常叫我努力学习。
5.我们叫我们的老师花花先生。
6. 杰克正在房里做家庭作业。
4. My sister often asks me to study hard.
5. We call our teacher Mr. Flower.
6. Jack is doing his homework in the room.
练习四
语篇分析：
His daughter felt sorry for him. She often had dreams at night. In the dreams, she found the new house finished. It looks magnificent. She told her father the dream. He liked it very much. To Jane, the dream seemed an excellent sign. One day he would finish the new house. The family would all live happily in it. Finally, they decided to call it “Dream House”.
练习五
翻译句子：
1-Jack laughed at the big tree opposite.
1-杰克对着对面那颗大树大笑。
2-王先生于昨天与世长辞.
2-Mr.Wang died yesterday.
练习五
翻译句子：
3-Jack just had/ate the brunch.
3-杰克刚刚吃了早午餐。
4-这是王先生第一次看这部电影.
4-This is the first time that Mr.Wang has seen this film.
练习五
翻译句子：
5-The well ran dry.
5-这口井干涸了。
6-这则消息证实是假的.
6-This news proved false.
练习五
翻译句子：
7-The well ran dry.
7-这口井干涸了。
9-井里有条蛇吗？
8-This news proved false.
8-这则消息证实是假的.
9-Is there a snake in the well
总结
What have we learned today
1. 主语+谓语 S+Vi. (不及物动词)
3. 主语+谓语+宾语 S+Vt.+O (及物动词)
5. 主语+系动词+表语 S+V.+P (系动词)
6. 主语+谓语+宾语+宾补 S+Vt+O+OC (及物动词)
7. 主语+谓语+间宾+直宾 S+Vt+IO+DO (及物动词)
2. 主语+谓语+状语 S+Vi.+A (不及物动词)
4. 主语+谓语+宾语+状语 S+Vt.+O+A (及物动词)
8. There+be 句型 There +am/is/are/was/were+sth+some place.(系动词)
Thanks