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题目:Unit 2 Let’s celebrate!-Using language (第 3 课时)
【学习目标】(2分钟)
1.掌握can/could,may/might,must和情态动词+have done 的相关用法;
2.发现、归纳情态动词表示可能性的用法,并在具体语境中简单应用.
【重点难点】
重点:掌握can/could,may/might,must和情态动词+have done 的相关用法;
难点:根据语境选择合适的情态动词,并迁移运用于相似情景的交流中。
【新课导入】(2分钟)
Look at the sentences from the reading passage and answer the question.
What do the words in blue indicate: an order, a request, ability or possibility
【自主学习】【要求】 (时间:18分钟)
内容:完成【自主学习】中所布置的任务
方法:独立思考,自主探究。
任务一:自主阅读并理解can/could,may/might,must和情态动词+have done 的相关用法,并完成相应即时训练。
一、can与could的用法
1.表示能力:can用来表示现在的能力,could表示过去的能力。
I can play basketball now, but I couldn't when I was young.
现在我会打篮球,但小时候我不会。
2.表示请求和许可:could语气比can委婉,但回答时只能用can。
Can/Could you lend me a hand
你能帮我一下吗?
3.表示推测,意为“可能”。多用于否定句或疑问句。
—Can he be in the reading room now
—No, he can't be in it. Because I saw him in the office just now.
——他现在可能在阅览室吗?
——不,他不可能在(阅览室)。因为我刚刚在办公室看见他了。
4.表示理论上或习惯上的可能性,意为“可能会”。
Jogging can be good for the health.
慢跑可能会对身体健康有益。
[辨析比较] can, be able to
can 用于指现在,常表示自身具有的能力
be able to 用于各种时态,表示经过努力后所具有的能力
Babies can swim when they were born.
婴儿刚生下来时会游泳。(自身具有的能力)
Without his hard work, he was not able to get good grades.
如果没有他的努力工作,他是不可能取得好成绩的。(经过努力)
(1)选出下列句中can/could的含义
A.表示能力 B.表示推测
C.表示请求或许可 D.表示理论上或习惯上的可能性
①I believe that he can't be so rude.
②I can speak English fluently while he can't.
③Scotland can be very warm in September.
④—Could you please clean this room
—Yes, I can.
(2)选词填空:can, be able to
⑤He give you some advice on how to learn English.
⑥At last, they escape from the fire.
二、may与might的用法
1.表示征求对方的许可或允许(不用might)对方做某事。
—May I come in
—Yes, you may/can.(No, you can't.)
——我可以进来吗?
——是的,你可以进来。(不行,你不能进来。)
You may go now.
你现在可以走了。
2.表示推测(把握不大),意为“可能”,多用于肯定句。might比may可能性更小。
He may come, or he may not.
他可能来,也可能不来。
It may/might rain this afternoon. You'd better take a raincoat with you.
今天下午可能会下雨。你最好带上雨衣。
3.may用于祈使句,表示祝愿。
May you succeed!
祝你成功!
May you have a good journey!
祝你旅途愉快!
[即时训练2] 写出下列句中may的用法
①May you be happy!
②I think he may come today.
③You may keep the book for two weeks.
三、must的用法
1.must表示命令或强烈的建议,意为“必须”。
All the students must obey the school rules.
所有学生必须遵守校规。
2.表示十分肯定的推测,意为“一定;准是”。
Betty must be in the next room.I can hear her talking there.
贝蒂肯定在隔壁房间。我能听见她在那儿讲话。
3.表示说话人的一种态度,意为“偏要;硬要;偏偏”。
Why must he go out in the bad weather
为什么他偏要在这种坏天气出门?
Must you make so much noise when I have a rest
你非得在我休息时弄出这么大的噪音吗?
4.must not表示禁止,意思是“不许”、“不准”、“不可以”等。
You mustn't waste a grain of rice.
你不能浪费一粒米。
5.回答must问句时,肯定回答多用must; 否定回答多用needn't或don't have to。
—Must I finish my homework before eight o'clock
—Yes, you must. (No, you needn't.或No, you don't have to.)
——我必须要在8点之前完成作业吗?
——是的,必须。(不,没必要。)
[即时训练3] 写出下列句中must的含义
①You must practice your spoken English if you want to improve.
②Why must you always interrupt me?
③She must be tired after such a long walk.
四、情态动词+have done
“情态动词+have done”表示对过去事情的推测。各种情态动词的具体用法如下表:
can/could have done 1.过去可能(表推测) 2.本能做而未做(表虚拟)
should/ought to have done 本该做而未做
may/might have done 1.过去也许做了(表推测) 2.本可能做而未做(表虚拟)
must have done 一定已经做了
needn't have done 本不必做而做了
From what you said, she must have told you all about it.
从你所说的来看,她一定把一切都告诉你了。
You should have told me earlier or I might have gone with them.
你应该早点告诉我,不然的话我就会和他们一起去了。
They could have sent up the satellite successfully.
他们本来能成功发射这颗卫星的。
You ought to/should have been more careful.
你本应该更小心一些的。
You needn't have told them about it.
你本来没有必要告诉他们那件事。
[即时训练4] 用“情态动词+have done”补全句子
①They to the Great Wall, haven't they
他们一定是去过长城了,不是吗?
②He TV last night, for he knew he would have a test.
昨天晚上他不可能看电视,因为他知道就要考试了。
③He the exam, but he was too careless.
本来他能够通过考试,但是他太粗心了。
④You more exercise before.
以前你本应该多进行锻炼的。
⑤You about it in the newspapers.
你可能已经在报纸上看过这个消息了。
⑥I so much food. Nobody was hungry.
我本不必做这么多吃的,大家都不饿。
【合作探究】【要求】 时间:8分钟
内容:完成【合作探究】中所布置的任务
方法:起立讨论,小组合作交流,未解决的部分准备大胆质疑。
任务一:Look at the sentences from the reading passage again and answer the questions.
1.Will the meaning of sentences(a) change if we replace “could” with “must” or “might”
2.What happens if we change “must” and “might” in sentences (b) and (c) into “could”
任务二:[探究发现]
①Can/Could you tell me the way to the nearest bank?
②Might/May I ask you a question?
③He asked if he might borrow my pen.
④—Where could/can he be now?
—He could/can go to the cinema.
⑤It may rain.You'd better close the window.
⑥Something terrible must have happened if Li Chang was not coming to eat in his restaurant as he always did.
[我的发现] 以上句子都使用了 动词。其中,①②③句中的情态动词表示 ;④⑤⑥句中的情态动词表示 。
【展示讲解】【要求:】时间:4分钟
1、展示方式:可以口头展示,也可以借助展台展示讲解。
2、展示讲解同学姿态规范,态度大方,声音洪亮,语言简洁,注意书面用语
3、其他同学认真倾听,积极思考,做好记录,并大胆质疑。
【归纳总结】(2分钟)
【当堂检测】(4分钟)
Rewrite the underlined sentences in the conversation using can/could,may/might and must.