英语语法系列-第八章 时态 导学案（含答案）-2025届高三下学期英语复习专项
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| 名称 | 英语语法系列-第八章 时态 导学案（含答案）-2025届高三下学期英语复习专项 |  | |
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| 版本资源 | 人教版（2019） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2025-02-26 12:10:19 | ||
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第八章 时态
在英语中，不同的时间发出的动作或存在的状态需要通过谓语动词的不同形式表现出来，这种不同形式构成了动词的时态。
一般现在时
表示现在的状态。标志词：now, right now, at present,nowadays,currently,at the
moment等。
Now Deepseek is very popular.
I'm busy now/at the moment.
Nowadays, people depend more on technology.
表示习惯性、经常性的动作。标志词：always, often, usually，sometimes, seldom, never, every day等。
I always drink coffee in the morning.
He never talks with others.
表示客观事实、真理、谚语和俗语。
Americans speak English.
The sun rises in the east.
Where there is a will, there is a way.
表示按照时间表和计划将要发生的动作,用一般现在时代替一般将来时。
The train arrives at 6:00 and we have enough time.
Our flight leaves at 11:30.
在时间和条件状语从句中通常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。
I will tell her the news when she comes back.
If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home.
在一些以here, there开头的句子中，用一般现在时代替现在进行时。
Here comes the bus.
There goes the bell.
一般现在时-练习
1.She always ______ (go) to school early.
2. The teacher told us that the earth ______(move) around the sun.
3. The plane ______ (take) off at 10:15. Hurry up!
4. If he ______ (know) the truth, he will be very sad.
5. Here _______(come) my English teacher!
6.(2020年全国Ⅱ卷) This is why decorating with plants, fruits and flowers________ (carry) special significance.
7. (2019年全国Ⅰ卷) Of the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations,
three are declining, six_______(be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.
8. (2024新课标I卷）Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse ________(walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road,.....
9.(2023年全国乙卷) The remarkable development of this city, which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world, ________(mean) there is always something new to discover here, and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years.
10.(2020年新高考Ⅱ卷) Because the number of possible topics ______ (be) practically limitless, we focus on a sample of the most interesting and useful applications and tools and explain the basic principles of technology.
11.（2022北京卷）Gas naturally _____(have) no recognisable smell. However, a strong smell is added so that we can raise the alarm when we detect the smell associated with danger.
12.(2018年全国Ⅰ卷·64) While running regularly can’t make you live forever, the review says it ____ (be) more effective at lengthening life than walking, cycling or swimming.
Keys:goes; moves; takes; knows; comes; carries; are; walks; means; is; has; is
一般过去时
1.表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态。标志词：..ago,in the past, the other day, just now, yesterday, last week, last year, in 1999,in the 19th century,in the Ming dynasty等。
I met Tom in the street five days ago.
He didn’t go to Japan last year.
2.表示过去习惯性、经常性的动作。
He used to get up early to catch the first bus.
I played football every Sunday when I was in high school.
一般过去时-练习
1.(2023年全国Ⅱ卷) As a little girl, I ______ (wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up.
2. (2022年新高考Ⅱ卷) He quickly _______ (throw) his tools aside, and started running, arms out.
3.(2021年全国甲卷) We ______ (hire) our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate. My bike was old and shaky but did the job.
4. (2020·全国Ⅰ)The unmanned Chang’e-4 probe (探测器)—the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess _________(touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin.
5.（2020年全国Ⅲ卷) When he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (传奇的) artist, they smiled and ________(point) down the river.
6. (2019年全国Ⅲ卷) Our hosts shared many of their experiences and _____________ (recommend) wonderful places to eat, shop, and visit.
7.（2023北京卷）Soon after moving to Switzerland, I _______ (throw) a house-warming party and was greatly surprised when all 30 guests showed up exactly on time.
8.（2022北京卷）Eventually, the man _______(catch) up with her, and he was only trying to return her wallet!
9.（2022浙江卷）When he felt a 3D version of Leonardo da Vinci’s “Mona Lisa” ,he ________ (notice)her smile right away. ”
10.（2021浙江卷）After Lincoln was elected President of the US in 1861, they rented the house and _______ (sell) most of their furniture.
11. (2019年全国Ⅱ卷·64) Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award, proud Irene —_______ (declare) she had no plans to retire from her 36-year-old business.
12.（2024全国甲卷）They _____ (be) part of a 15-member exploring party that had spent almost five awesome weeks in witness of the natural beauties there.
13. (2021年新高考Ⅰ卷)You can’t help wondering how hard it ____ (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place.
Keys: wished; threw; hired; touched; pointed; recommended; threw; caught; noticed; sold; declared; were; was
一般将来时
一般将来时表示将要发生的事情。标志词：tomorrow，the day after tomorrow，next week / month / year /summer等。
1.will/shall do(will和各种人称搭配，shall 和第一人称搭配)
He will /won’t go to the gym tomorrow.
We shall /shan't leave for Beijing the day after tomorrow.
2.am/is/are going to do
I am going to sell my old car.
It’s going to rain soon.
3. am/is/are about to do
Hurry up! The train is about to leave.
4. am/is/are to do
We are to have a meeting an hour later.
5. am/is/are doing (动词是非延续性动词：come, go, arrive, leave, start, end, die 等)
The game is starting at 8:00.
He is dying. Let’s save him.
6. do/does表将来
按照时间表和计划将要发生的动作。
The train arrives at 6:00 and we have enough time.
Our flight leaves at 11:30.
在时间和条件状语从句中。
I will tell her the news when she comes back.
If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home.
一般将来时-练习
1. In the coming months, he _________(find) a way to improve his English.
2. Over the next few days, I _________(show) you more pictures of the moon.
3. I will go to see you when you _______(finish) the training course.
4. I ________ (not go) to the party if it rains tomorrow.
Keys: will find; will show; finish; won’t go
一般过去将来时
过去将来时表示在过去的某个时间点看来将要发生的事情。 可以用would/should do, was/were going to do, was/were about to do, was/were to do,was/were doing等形式来表示。
He told me that he would go on a business trip next week.
I was going to buy a new car, but the price was too high.
Lucy was about to go out when the telephone rang.
She was to meet him at the station at 5 o'clock.
She said she was arriving next weekend.
一般过去将来时-练习
She told me that she _________（go） to the supermarket before going home.
2. I didn't know if he ___________(come) to the party the next day.
3. He promised that he __________(give) me a present on my birthday.
4. I was about to leave ______the phone rang.
Keys: would go; would come; would give; when
现在完成时
形式：have/has done
现在完成时表示到目前为止已经完成的动作
标志词:already已经, yet还..(疑/否),ever曾经(疑/否),just刚刚
He has already read this book twice.
Have you found your keys yet I haven’t found mine yet.
Have you ever been to Paris I have never ever been there.
I've just finished my homework.
标志词: recently/lately 最近，in recent years最近几年
She has improved her English speaking skills recently.
In recent years, he has earned a lot of money.
标志词: for+时间段，since+时间点/从句（一般过去时）
We have known each other for ten years.
I have been here since 2000.
We haven’t seen each other since he went abroad.
标志词: so far / until now / till now / up to now / by now/to date 到目前为止
So far, I have received over 100 letters from him.
I have always lived alone until now.
标志词: in/over/during+the past / the last+时间段
In the past ten years, I have learnt 3000 English words.
We haven’t travelled over the last two years.
标志词:over the years多年来，before以前
We've visited the Great Wall many times over the years.
I have seen this movie before.
※特殊句型：
It/This is the first time that sb have/has done
It/This is the first time that I have visited this city.
It/This is the 形容词最高级+名词 that sb have/has done
This is the best film that I have ever seen.
注：对比have gone to 、have been to 和have been in
have gone to 表示“已经去了...”
He has gone to Beijing.（他去北京了，去了还没回来）
have been to 表示“已经去过...”
Have you been to France （你去过法国吗？已经回来）
have been in 表示“一直在...”
I have been in Italy since 2000.(自从2000年我一直在意大利）
注：It is/has been+时间段+since从句 “自从...以来有多久了”
It is/has been five years since we moved to Italy.
若从句的谓语为延续性动词,常译为“自从不...有多久了”
It is/has been five years since we lived in Italy.
注：现在完成时中非延续性动词不能和时间段连用。
He has joined the army for two years.
He has served in the army for two years.
现在完成时表示从过去某个时间开始，延续到现在，并可能延续下去的动作。（动词为延续性动词）
I have learnt English for ten years/since I was 10.
He has lived in China over the past eight years.
He has been in China over the past eight years.
现在完成时-练习
1. (2022年全国甲卷) In the last five years, Cao ___________(walk) through 34 countries in six continents.
2. (2018年全国Ⅱ卷) Since 2011, the country __________ (grow) more corn than rice. Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over the past 25 years.
3.（2022浙江1月卷）On a website called No Fly Climate Sci, for example, roughly 200 academics - many of them climate scientists _____________ (promise) to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago.
4. (2021·天津3月)We __________(do) quite enough work for the morning; now let’s take a break.
5. (2019年全国Ⅰ卷·65) In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut ____________ (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements.
6. (2019年全国Ⅱ卷) Irene said, “I don’t see any reason to give up work. I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I ____________(make) over the years.
7.（2024浙江1月卷）Over the last two years, some supermarkets _____________ (start) selling chicken or salad in packs designed with two halves containing separate portions (份).
8.（2023北京卷）Up to now, China ________________ (establish) a number of protected areas with mangroves.
Keys：has walked；has grown；have promised；have done；have reported；have made；have started；has established
现在完成进行时
形式：have/has been doing
现在完成进行时表示从过去某个时间开始，延续到现在，并可能延续下去的动作。（动词为延续性动词）标志词：recently / lately，for+时间段，since+时间点/从句，in/over/during+the past / the last+时间段，all day/month等。
I have been learning English for ten years/since I was 10.
He has been living in China over the past eight years.
Tom has been watching TV the whole day.
注：在表示动作的延续时，既可用现在完成时，也可用现在完成进行时，但如果明确表示动作还要持续下去，则应用现在完成进行时。
It has been raining all day and it doesn't seem to stop.
She has been working on this project for two months and she will continue.
现在完成进行时-练习
1.Cathy is taking notes in class at Sunshine School, where she ___________________ (study) English for a year.
2.Lucy _________________ (have) guitar lessons every three weeks in the past three years, but now she is considering she'll make it every other week.
3.—Hey, man! Why so tired
—I ____________________(prepare) for weeks for the coming celebration of the school's 100th anniversary.
Keys: has been studying; has been having; have been preparing
过去完成时
形式：had done
1.过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成的动作，即“过去的过去”。
标志词: by +过去的时间点
By the end of 2024, he had earned a lot of money.
I had finished half of the work by yesterday.
标志词: before +过去的时间点/从句（一般过去时）
He had been to the UK three times before 2000.
She had fallen asleep before her mother came back.
标志词: when+从句（一般过去时）
When she called me, I had already left the office.
I had just finished my work when my boss called me.
标志词: 在宾语从句中，宾语从句的主句为一般过去时
She said that she had seen the film many times.
She knew that he had left already.
※特殊句型：
It/This was the first time that sb had done
It/This was the first time that I had visited this city.
It/This was the 形容词最高级+名词 that sb had done
This was the best film that I had ever seen.
※特殊句型：
no sooner...than, hardly...when “一...就...”从句多用一般过去时，主句多用过去完成时，no sooner/hardly放句首，主句要用部分倒装。
I had no sooner/hardly reached the station than/when the train left.
No sooner/Hardly had I reached the station than/when the train left.
2.过去完成时表示从过去某个时间开始，延续到过去的另一个时间，并可能延续下去的动作。（动词为延续性动词）
He had been ill for a long time when I saw him last week.
He had stayed in Japan for five years when he died.
过去完成时-练习
1.Arriving at the party hurriedly, we were disappointed to find that the band ____________(stop) playing.
2.The girl, when questioned why she ___________(cheat) in the exam, just lowered her head and kept silent.
3.Hardly ______________(open, I) the door when he rushed into the office out of breath.
4.It was the second time that she____________(be) to Beijing.
5.（2023北京卷）I turned up at the appointed hour for a dinner, only to find that no other guest __________(arrive) and my hostess was still in her sleeping suit.
6.（2020北京卷）The Neanderthals_________（live）alongside human ancestors in Europe for tens of thousands of years,before dying out about 40000 years ago.
Keys:had stopped; had cheated; had I opened;had been; had arrived;had lived
将来完成时
形式：will have done
1.将来完成时表示在将来的某一时间已经完成的动作，常与将来的时间状语连用。
I will have finished the work by the end of next week.
2.将来完成时表示从过去或现在开始，延续到将来某一时间的动作，有可能延续下去的动作。（动词为延续性动词）
I will have lived here for 5 years by next month.
注：现在完成时在时间、条件等状语从句中代替将来完成时
I will go home as soon as I have finished my homework.
Don’t get off the bus unless it has stopped.
Once you have promised, you should keep it.
将来完成时-练习
1.By the time you get to New York, I ___________ (leave)for London.
2.— I hear that Jason is planning to buy a car.
— I know. By next month, he _____________ (save) enough for a used one.
3.Unless you ____________(pass) the exam, you won't get the certificate.
Keys: will have left; will have saved; have passed
现在进行时
形式: am/is/are doing
1. 表示现在（或说话时）正在进行的动作。标志词：now, right now, at this moment, at present等。
He is watching TV now/ right now/ at this moment.
2.表示现阶段正在进行的动作，但说话此刻未必正在进行。
Mr. Smith is writing another novel.
3.表示现在某一动作不断重复。
The little boy is jumping with great joy.
4.表示表示反复发生的动作, 往往带有说话人的主观感彩。常与always, constantly, forever等连用。
He is always complaining about his job.
5.动词是非延续性动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, end, die等时，现在进行时表示一般将来时。
The game is starting at 8:00.
He is dying. Let’s save him.
现在进行时-练习
1. These days, he ____________(prepare) for the final exam.
2.—Hi, let's go skating.
—Sorry, I'm busy right now. I _________(fill) in an application form for a new job.
3.Listen! The birds __________ (sing) in the trees.
4.Be quiet! The baby ___________(sleep).
5.— Is this raincoat yours
— No, mine __________(hang) there behind the door.
Keys: is preparing; am filling; are singing; is sleeping; is hanging
过去进行时
形式: was/were doing
1.过去进行时表示在过去某个时刻正在进行的动作，通常与表过去的时间状语连用。
At this moment yesterday, I was talking with my friend.
They were having breakfast when the telephone rang.
2.动词是非延续性动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, end, die等时，过去进行时表示过去将来时。
She told me that she was leaving for France soon.
3.过去进行时表示在过去某一段时间内一直持续进行的动作
We were waiting for you yesterday, but you didn’t come.
They were working all day yesterday.
过去进行时-练习
1. She___________ (sing) a beautiful song while her mother was cooking in the kitchen.
2. They _____________ (play) chess at 4 p.m. yesterday.
3. I ____________ (watch) TV when she came to see me.
4.He____________ (repair) his bike the whole afternoon last Sunday.
5. (2022年新高考Ⅱ卷) Henry __________(fix) his car when he heard the screams.
Keys:was singing; were playing; was watching; was repairing; was fixing
将来进行时
形式: will be doing
1.将来进行时表示在将来的某个时刻正在进行的动作。通常与表将来的时间状语连用。
At this time tomorrow, we will be lying on the beach.
We will be visiting the Palace Museum tomorrow afternoon.
2.将来进行时表示在将来某一段时间内一直持续进行的动作。
We will be traveling in Europe next week.
将来进行时-练习
1.Don't call me between 8:00 and 10:00 tomorrow. I _____________(have) an important meeting then.
2.I'm not sure if I'll have time. I _____________ (work) on a project all day tomorrow.
3.This time next week, we ______________ (walk) on the beach, enjoying the sunshine.
4.I'm flying to Hainan this weekend. When I arrive at the airport, my friend _____________ (wait) for me there.
Keys: will be having;will be working; will be walking; will be waiting
时态总结
对比：一般过去时 VS 现在完成时
I saw him yesterday. 我昨天看到他了。(强调过去的动作)
I have seen him. 我已经见过他了。(强调动作的结果)
对比：一般过去时 VS 过去完成时
The game started at 8:00. 比赛在八点开始了。 (对于现在而言过去的动作)
When we arrived there, the game had started. 当我们到那，比赛已经开始了。
(对于过去而言，过去的过去的动作)
对比：现在完成时 VS 现在完成进行时
He has cleaned the window. 他把窗户擦干净了。(动作已完成)
He has been cleaning the window. 他一直在擦窗户。(动作不一定完成)
He has lived here for ten years. 他在这已经住了十年了。(一直住在这，可能继续住下去)
He has been living here for ten years. 他在这已经住了十年了。(一直住在这，可能继续住下去)
时态总结-练习
1. The book has been translated into thirty languages since it _______on the market in 1973.
A. had come B.has come C. came D.comes
2. We_____on this project for four hours. Let’s have a rest.
A.are working B. have been working C. worked D. had worked
3. —Have you finished reading Jane Eyre
—No, I ______my homework all day yesterday.
A. was doing B.would do C. had done D.do
4. —Guess what, we’ve got our visas for short-term visit to the UK this summer.
—How nice! You _____a different culture then.
A.will be experiencing B. have experienced
C. have been experiencing D. will have experienced
5. —I’m sorry, but I don’t quite follow you. Did you say you wanted to return on September 20
—Sorry, I _______myself clear. We want to return on October 20.
A. hadn’t made B.wouldn’t make C. don’t make D.haven’t made
6.(2020年全国Ⅰ卷) “This really excites scientists,” Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, “because it ________ (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon is constructed.”
Keys: C; B; A; A; D; means
在英语中，不同的时间发出的动作或存在的状态需要通过谓语动词的不同形式表现出来，这种不同形式构成了动词的时态。
一般现在时
表示现在的状态。标志词：now, right now, at present,nowadays,currently,at the
moment等。
Now Deepseek is very popular.
I'm busy now/at the moment.
Nowadays, people depend more on technology.
表示习惯性、经常性的动作。标志词：always, often, usually，sometimes, seldom, never, every day等。
I always drink coffee in the morning.
He never talks with others.
表示客观事实、真理、谚语和俗语。
Americans speak English.
The sun rises in the east.
Where there is a will, there is a way.
表示按照时间表和计划将要发生的动作,用一般现在时代替一般将来时。
The train arrives at 6:00 and we have enough time.
Our flight leaves at 11:30.
在时间和条件状语从句中通常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。
I will tell her the news when she comes back.
If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home.
在一些以here, there开头的句子中，用一般现在时代替现在进行时。
Here comes the bus.
There goes the bell.
一般现在时-练习
1.She always ______ (go) to school early.
2. The teacher told us that the earth ______(move) around the sun.
3. The plane ______ (take) off at 10:15. Hurry up!
4. If he ______ (know) the truth, he will be very sad.
5. Here _______(come) my English teacher!
6.(2020年全国Ⅱ卷) This is why decorating with plants, fruits and flowers________ (carry) special significance.
7. (2019年全国Ⅰ卷) Of the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations,
three are declining, six_______(be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.
8. (2024新课标I卷）Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse ________(walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road,.....
9.(2023年全国乙卷) The remarkable development of this city, which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world, ________(mean) there is always something new to discover here, and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years.
10.(2020年新高考Ⅱ卷) Because the number of possible topics ______ (be) practically limitless, we focus on a sample of the most interesting and useful applications and tools and explain the basic principles of technology.
11.（2022北京卷）Gas naturally _____(have) no recognisable smell. However, a strong smell is added so that we can raise the alarm when we detect the smell associated with danger.
12.(2018年全国Ⅰ卷·64) While running regularly can’t make you live forever, the review says it ____ (be) more effective at lengthening life than walking, cycling or swimming.
Keys:goes; moves; takes; knows; comes; carries; are; walks; means; is; has; is
一般过去时
1.表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态。标志词：..ago,in the past, the other day, just now, yesterday, last week, last year, in 1999,in the 19th century,in the Ming dynasty等。
I met Tom in the street five days ago.
He didn’t go to Japan last year.
2.表示过去习惯性、经常性的动作。
He used to get up early to catch the first bus.
I played football every Sunday when I was in high school.
一般过去时-练习
1.(2023年全国Ⅱ卷) As a little girl, I ______ (wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up.
2. (2022年新高考Ⅱ卷) He quickly _______ (throw) his tools aside, and started running, arms out.
3.(2021年全国甲卷) We ______ (hire) our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate. My bike was old and shaky but did the job.
4. (2020·全国Ⅰ)The unmanned Chang’e-4 probe (探测器)—the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess _________(touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin.
5.（2020年全国Ⅲ卷) When he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (传奇的) artist, they smiled and ________(point) down the river.
6. (2019年全国Ⅲ卷) Our hosts shared many of their experiences and _____________ (recommend) wonderful places to eat, shop, and visit.
7.（2023北京卷）Soon after moving to Switzerland, I _______ (throw) a house-warming party and was greatly surprised when all 30 guests showed up exactly on time.
8.（2022北京卷）Eventually, the man _______(catch) up with her, and he was only trying to return her wallet!
9.（2022浙江卷）When he felt a 3D version of Leonardo da Vinci’s “Mona Lisa” ,he ________ (notice)her smile right away. ”
10.（2021浙江卷）After Lincoln was elected President of the US in 1861, they rented the house and _______ (sell) most of their furniture.
11. (2019年全国Ⅱ卷·64) Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award, proud Irene —_______ (declare) she had no plans to retire from her 36-year-old business.
12.（2024全国甲卷）They _____ (be) part of a 15-member exploring party that had spent almost five awesome weeks in witness of the natural beauties there.
13. (2021年新高考Ⅰ卷)You can’t help wondering how hard it ____ (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place.
Keys: wished; threw; hired; touched; pointed; recommended; threw; caught; noticed; sold; declared; were; was
一般将来时
一般将来时表示将要发生的事情。标志词：tomorrow，the day after tomorrow，next week / month / year /summer等。
1.will/shall do(will和各种人称搭配，shall 和第一人称搭配)
He will /won’t go to the gym tomorrow.
We shall /shan't leave for Beijing the day after tomorrow.
2.am/is/are going to do
I am going to sell my old car.
It’s going to rain soon.
3. am/is/are about to do
Hurry up! The train is about to leave.
4. am/is/are to do
We are to have a meeting an hour later.
5. am/is/are doing (动词是非延续性动词：come, go, arrive, leave, start, end, die 等)
The game is starting at 8:00.
He is dying. Let’s save him.
6. do/does表将来
按照时间表和计划将要发生的动作。
The train arrives at 6:00 and we have enough time.
Our flight leaves at 11:30.
在时间和条件状语从句中。
I will tell her the news when she comes back.
If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home.
一般将来时-练习
1. In the coming months, he _________(find) a way to improve his English.
2. Over the next few days, I _________(show) you more pictures of the moon.
3. I will go to see you when you _______(finish) the training course.
4. I ________ (not go) to the party if it rains tomorrow.
Keys: will find; will show; finish; won’t go
一般过去将来时
过去将来时表示在过去的某个时间点看来将要发生的事情。 可以用would/should do, was/were going to do, was/were about to do, was/were to do,was/were doing等形式来表示。
He told me that he would go on a business trip next week.
I was going to buy a new car, but the price was too high.
Lucy was about to go out when the telephone rang.
She was to meet him at the station at 5 o'clock.
She said she was arriving next weekend.
一般过去将来时-练习
She told me that she _________（go） to the supermarket before going home.
2. I didn't know if he ___________(come) to the party the next day.
3. He promised that he __________(give) me a present on my birthday.
4. I was about to leave ______the phone rang.
Keys: would go; would come; would give; when
现在完成时
形式：have/has done
现在完成时表示到目前为止已经完成的动作
标志词:already已经, yet还..(疑/否),ever曾经(疑/否),just刚刚
He has already read this book twice.
Have you found your keys yet I haven’t found mine yet.
Have you ever been to Paris I have never ever been there.
I've just finished my homework.
标志词: recently/lately 最近，in recent years最近几年
She has improved her English speaking skills recently.
In recent years, he has earned a lot of money.
标志词: for+时间段，since+时间点/从句（一般过去时）
We have known each other for ten years.
I have been here since 2000.
We haven’t seen each other since he went abroad.
标志词: so far / until now / till now / up to now / by now/to date 到目前为止
So far, I have received over 100 letters from him.
I have always lived alone until now.
标志词: in/over/during+the past / the last+时间段
In the past ten years, I have learnt 3000 English words.
We haven’t travelled over the last two years.
标志词:over the years多年来，before以前
We've visited the Great Wall many times over the years.
I have seen this movie before.
※特殊句型：
It/This is the first time that sb have/has done
It/This is the first time that I have visited this city.
It/This is the 形容词最高级+名词 that sb have/has done
This is the best film that I have ever seen.
注：对比have gone to 、have been to 和have been in
have gone to 表示“已经去了...”
He has gone to Beijing.（他去北京了，去了还没回来）
have been to 表示“已经去过...”
Have you been to France （你去过法国吗？已经回来）
have been in 表示“一直在...”
I have been in Italy since 2000.(自从2000年我一直在意大利）
注：It is/has been+时间段+since从句 “自从...以来有多久了”
It is/has been five years since we moved to Italy.
若从句的谓语为延续性动词,常译为“自从不...有多久了”
It is/has been five years since we lived in Italy.
注：现在完成时中非延续性动词不能和时间段连用。
He has joined the army for two years.
He has served in the army for two years.
现在完成时表示从过去某个时间开始，延续到现在，并可能延续下去的动作。（动词为延续性动词）
I have learnt English for ten years/since I was 10.
He has lived in China over the past eight years.
He has been in China over the past eight years.
现在完成时-练习
1. (2022年全国甲卷) In the last five years, Cao ___________(walk) through 34 countries in six continents.
2. (2018年全国Ⅱ卷) Since 2011, the country __________ (grow) more corn than rice. Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over the past 25 years.
3.（2022浙江1月卷）On a website called No Fly Climate Sci, for example, roughly 200 academics - many of them climate scientists _____________ (promise) to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago.
4. (2021·天津3月)We __________(do) quite enough work for the morning; now let’s take a break.
5. (2019年全国Ⅰ卷·65) In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut ____________ (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements.
6. (2019年全国Ⅱ卷) Irene said, “I don’t see any reason to give up work. I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I ____________(make) over the years.
7.（2024浙江1月卷）Over the last two years, some supermarkets _____________ (start) selling chicken or salad in packs designed with two halves containing separate portions (份).
8.（2023北京卷）Up to now, China ________________ (establish) a number of protected areas with mangroves.
Keys：has walked；has grown；have promised；have done；have reported；have made；have started；has established
现在完成进行时
形式：have/has been doing
现在完成进行时表示从过去某个时间开始，延续到现在，并可能延续下去的动作。（动词为延续性动词）标志词：recently / lately，for+时间段，since+时间点/从句，in/over/during+the past / the last+时间段，all day/month等。
I have been learning English for ten years/since I was 10.
He has been living in China over the past eight years.
Tom has been watching TV the whole day.
注：在表示动作的延续时，既可用现在完成时，也可用现在完成进行时，但如果明确表示动作还要持续下去，则应用现在完成进行时。
It has been raining all day and it doesn't seem to stop.
She has been working on this project for two months and she will continue.
现在完成进行时-练习
1.Cathy is taking notes in class at Sunshine School, where she ___________________ (study) English for a year.
2.Lucy _________________ (have) guitar lessons every three weeks in the past three years, but now she is considering she'll make it every other week.
3.—Hey, man! Why so tired
—I ____________________(prepare) for weeks for the coming celebration of the school's 100th anniversary.
Keys: has been studying; has been having; have been preparing
过去完成时
形式：had done
1.过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成的动作，即“过去的过去”。
标志词: by +过去的时间点
By the end of 2024, he had earned a lot of money.
I had finished half of the work by yesterday.
标志词: before +过去的时间点/从句（一般过去时）
He had been to the UK three times before 2000.
She had fallen asleep before her mother came back.
标志词: when+从句（一般过去时）
When she called me, I had already left the office.
I had just finished my work when my boss called me.
标志词: 在宾语从句中，宾语从句的主句为一般过去时
She said that she had seen the film many times.
She knew that he had left already.
※特殊句型：
It/This was the first time that sb had done
It/This was the first time that I had visited this city.
It/This was the 形容词最高级+名词 that sb had done
This was the best film that I had ever seen.
※特殊句型：
no sooner...than, hardly...when “一...就...”从句多用一般过去时，主句多用过去完成时，no sooner/hardly放句首，主句要用部分倒装。
I had no sooner/hardly reached the station than/when the train left.
No sooner/Hardly had I reached the station than/when the train left.
2.过去完成时表示从过去某个时间开始，延续到过去的另一个时间，并可能延续下去的动作。（动词为延续性动词）
He had been ill for a long time when I saw him last week.
He had stayed in Japan for five years when he died.
过去完成时-练习
1.Arriving at the party hurriedly, we were disappointed to find that the band ____________(stop) playing.
2.The girl, when questioned why she ___________(cheat) in the exam, just lowered her head and kept silent.
3.Hardly ______________(open, I) the door when he rushed into the office out of breath.
4.It was the second time that she____________(be) to Beijing.
5.（2023北京卷）I turned up at the appointed hour for a dinner, only to find that no other guest __________(arrive) and my hostess was still in her sleeping suit.
6.（2020北京卷）The Neanderthals_________（live）alongside human ancestors in Europe for tens of thousands of years,before dying out about 40000 years ago.
Keys:had stopped; had cheated; had I opened;had been; had arrived;had lived
将来完成时
形式：will have done
1.将来完成时表示在将来的某一时间已经完成的动作，常与将来的时间状语连用。
I will have finished the work by the end of next week.
2.将来完成时表示从过去或现在开始，延续到将来某一时间的动作，有可能延续下去的动作。（动词为延续性动词）
I will have lived here for 5 years by next month.
注：现在完成时在时间、条件等状语从句中代替将来完成时
I will go home as soon as I have finished my homework.
Don’t get off the bus unless it has stopped.
Once you have promised, you should keep it.
将来完成时-练习
1.By the time you get to New York, I ___________ (leave)for London.
2.— I hear that Jason is planning to buy a car.
— I know. By next month, he _____________ (save) enough for a used one.
3.Unless you ____________(pass) the exam, you won't get the certificate.
Keys: will have left; will have saved; have passed
现在进行时
形式: am/is/are doing
1. 表示现在（或说话时）正在进行的动作。标志词：now, right now, at this moment, at present等。
He is watching TV now/ right now/ at this moment.
2.表示现阶段正在进行的动作，但说话此刻未必正在进行。
Mr. Smith is writing another novel.
3.表示现在某一动作不断重复。
The little boy is jumping with great joy.
4.表示表示反复发生的动作, 往往带有说话人的主观感彩。常与always, constantly, forever等连用。
He is always complaining about his job.
5.动词是非延续性动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, end, die等时，现在进行时表示一般将来时。
The game is starting at 8:00.
He is dying. Let’s save him.
现在进行时-练习
1. These days, he ____________(prepare) for the final exam.
2.—Hi, let's go skating.
—Sorry, I'm busy right now. I _________(fill) in an application form for a new job.
3.Listen! The birds __________ (sing) in the trees.
4.Be quiet! The baby ___________(sleep).
5.— Is this raincoat yours
— No, mine __________(hang) there behind the door.
Keys: is preparing; am filling; are singing; is sleeping; is hanging
过去进行时
形式: was/were doing
1.过去进行时表示在过去某个时刻正在进行的动作，通常与表过去的时间状语连用。
At this moment yesterday, I was talking with my friend.
They were having breakfast when the telephone rang.
2.动词是非延续性动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, end, die等时，过去进行时表示过去将来时。
She told me that she was leaving for France soon.
3.过去进行时表示在过去某一段时间内一直持续进行的动作
We were waiting for you yesterday, but you didn’t come.
They were working all day yesterday.
过去进行时-练习
1. She___________ (sing) a beautiful song while her mother was cooking in the kitchen.
2. They _____________ (play) chess at 4 p.m. yesterday.
3. I ____________ (watch) TV when she came to see me.
4.He____________ (repair) his bike the whole afternoon last Sunday.
5. (2022年新高考Ⅱ卷) Henry __________(fix) his car when he heard the screams.
Keys:was singing; were playing; was watching; was repairing; was fixing
将来进行时
形式: will be doing
1.将来进行时表示在将来的某个时刻正在进行的动作。通常与表将来的时间状语连用。
At this time tomorrow, we will be lying on the beach.
We will be visiting the Palace Museum tomorrow afternoon.
2.将来进行时表示在将来某一段时间内一直持续进行的动作。
We will be traveling in Europe next week.
将来进行时-练习
1.Don't call me between 8:00 and 10:00 tomorrow. I _____________(have) an important meeting then.
2.I'm not sure if I'll have time. I _____________ (work) on a project all day tomorrow.
3.This time next week, we ______________ (walk) on the beach, enjoying the sunshine.
4.I'm flying to Hainan this weekend. When I arrive at the airport, my friend _____________ (wait) for me there.
Keys: will be having;will be working; will be walking; will be waiting
时态总结
对比：一般过去时 VS 现在完成时
I saw him yesterday. 我昨天看到他了。(强调过去的动作)
I have seen him. 我已经见过他了。(强调动作的结果)
对比：一般过去时 VS 过去完成时
The game started at 8:00. 比赛在八点开始了。 (对于现在而言过去的动作)
When we arrived there, the game had started. 当我们到那，比赛已经开始了。
(对于过去而言，过去的过去的动作)
对比：现在完成时 VS 现在完成进行时
He has cleaned the window. 他把窗户擦干净了。(动作已完成)
He has been cleaning the window. 他一直在擦窗户。(动作不一定完成)
He has lived here for ten years. 他在这已经住了十年了。(一直住在这，可能继续住下去)
He has been living here for ten years. 他在这已经住了十年了。(一直住在这，可能继续住下去)
时态总结-练习
1. The book has been translated into thirty languages since it _______on the market in 1973.
A. had come B.has come C. came D.comes
2. We_____on this project for four hours. Let’s have a rest.
A.are working B. have been working C. worked D. had worked
3. —Have you finished reading Jane Eyre
—No, I ______my homework all day yesterday.
A. was doing B.would do C. had done D.do
4. —Guess what, we’ve got our visas for short-term visit to the UK this summer.
—How nice! You _____a different culture then.
A.will be experiencing B. have experienced
C. have been experiencing D. will have experienced
5. —I’m sorry, but I don’t quite follow you. Did you say you wanted to return on September 20
—Sorry, I _______myself clear. We want to return on October 20.
A. hadn’t made B.wouldn’t make C. don’t make D.haven’t made
6.(2020年全国Ⅰ卷) “This really excites scientists,” Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, “because it ________ (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon is constructed.”
Keys: C; B; A; A; D; means