英语语法系列-第九章 语态 导学案（含答案）-2025届高三下学期英语一轮复习专项
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| 名称 | 英语语法系列-第九章 语态 导学案（含答案）-2025届高三下学期英语一轮复习专项 |  | |
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| 文件大小 | 24.1KB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 人教版（2019） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2025-02-26 12:13:26 | ||
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第九章 语态
语态表示主语和谓语动词之间的具体关系。语态分为主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是谓语动词的发出者；被动语态表示主语是谓语动词的承受者。
英语中的及物动词有主动语态和被动语态两种语态，而不及物动词只有主动语态。
被动语态由助动词be加及物动词的过去分词构成，即 be done。be随着主语人称、数和时态的变化而变化。如果表示“被某人....”后面加 by sb, 即 be done by sb.
时 态 态 一般态 完成态 进行态 完成进行态
现在时 am/is/are made have/has been made am/is/are being made
过去时 was/were made had been made was/were being made
将来时 will/shall be made will/shall have been made
过去将来时
一、一般现在时的被动
形式：am/is/are + done
主动:The students clean the classroom .
被动:The classroom is cleaned by the students .
(2022年新高考Ⅰ卷) The GPNP ____________(design) to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity (原真) and integrity of natural ecosystems…”
Key: is designed
一般过去时的被动
形式：was/were + done
The window was broken by Tom yesterday.
I wasn’t invited to the party last night.
1.(2023年全国乙卷) Having visited several times over the last 10 years, I ___________ (amaze) by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing.
2. (2021年全国甲卷) It __________(build) originally to protect the city in the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复).
3.(2019年全国Ⅲ卷) When they were free from work, they invited us… They also shared with us… On the last day of our week-long stay, we ____________(invite) to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm…
4. (2024九省联考卷）Fountain pens __________ (use) in schools long ago and have been regaining popularity lately because they are refillable.
5.（2021浙江卷）Mary’s niece wrote, "The little home ___________ (paint) white. It was sweet and fresh. Mary loved it. She was extremely pretty, and her house was a reflection of herself, everything in good taste and in perfect order.
Keys: was amazed; was built; were invited; were used; was painted
三、一般将来时的被动
形式：will be + done 或 am/is/are going to be done
The project will be finished next month.
We are going to be taught by a new teacher next term.
1.The new stadium _______________ (complete) next year.
2.If it rains tomorrow, the sports meeting ___________ (put off).
3.The work______________ (finish) in a few days.
Keys: will be completed; will be put off; will be finished
四、现在完成时的被动
形式：have/has been done
The machine has been repaired.
The book has been translated into many languages.
1. This is the third time I _______________(send) by the company to attend an important meeting.
2. Over the years, the river_________________(pollute) by the nearby companies.
Keys: have been sent; has been polluted
五、过去完成时的被动
形式：had been done
He said that the book had been stolen.
By the end of last month, the project had been completed.
1.The car ________________(repair) before it was sold.
2.The room ________________(clean) by the time my mother came back.
3.The documents ________________(sign) before they were submitted.
Keys: had been repaired; had been cleaned; had been signed
六、将来完成时的被动
形式：will have been done
The letter will have been received by the end of next week.
The task will have been finished by the time we get there.
1.By the end of this month, the new shopping mall __________________(build).
2.When you come back next week, the house and the yard ___________________(restore).
Keys:will have been built; will have been restored
七、现在进行时的被动
形式: am/is/are being done
The documents are being processed at present.
What is being discussed at the meeting
1.The new subway line___________________(construct) day and night to meet the deadline.
2.（2023天津6月卷改编）The wooden tower that ________________ (restore) will be open to tourists soon, and the work is almost finished.
Keys:is being constructed; is being restored
过去进行时的被动
形式: was/were being done
The letter was being written by her at 10 last night.
When I got to the school, the playground was being repaired.
1. The book ________________ (write) this time last year.
2. The room ________________ (clean) when I came in.
Keys: was being written; was being cleaned
被动语态补充
注：含有情态动词的被动语态形式为情态动词+be done
The paper must be handed in tomorrow.
Such problems shouldn’t be ignored.
1. (2020年全国Ⅲ卷) The artist was sure he would ___________(choose), but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperor's chief minister, the old man laughed.
2.（2024全国甲卷）What should__________(do) with such a beautiful place They wondered out loud.
3. （2024浙江1月卷）However, though it’s nice to get a few cents off a pack of sausages, it would help even more if they could sometimes __________ (offer) in smaller packs.
4.（2023全国甲卷）Carson proves that a simple lyric form that has been passed down through the ages can still ___________ (employ) today to draw attention to important truths.
5.（2022浙江卷）To understand a painting, we’re taught to look for color, composition, and light. But how can a painting _____________ (appreciate) by someone who’s blind
Keys:be chosen; be done; be offered;be employed; be appreciated
注：get+done 可表被动
He got injured in the car accident.
We get paid every month.
1.My car got _______(steal) last night.
2.The vase got _______(break) when I was cleaning the table.
Keys：stolen；broken
注：动词短语变被动语态时，其中的介词或副词不要省略。
主动：Young people should make full use of time.
被动：Time should be made full use of by young people.
主动：He gave up smoking.
被动：Smoking was given up by him.
注：主动形式表被动含义
1. 一些系动词look, sound, taste,smell, feel, prove, turn out。
The soup tastes delicious.
His plan proved practical.
2. lock, cut, open,shut, read, sell, clean, draw, teach, translate, wash, write等动词，用来说明主语的性质和特征而不是强调被执行的动作。
The pen writes smoothly.
The poem translates well.
3. weigh, measure, cost, last, break out, take place, happen, occur等表示“重量为”、“量度为”、“花费”、“持续”、“爆发”、“发生” 等状态动词或不及物动词。
The boy weighs 40kg.
The table measures 2 meters long.
The coat cost me $50.
The sports meeting lasted three hours.
The war broke out in 1937.
He pressed the button but nothing happened.
4. 一些介词短语作表语时，主动形式表被动含义。
under repair 在修理中 under construction 在建设中 under control 处于控制之下 under treatment 在治疗中 under investigation 在调查中 under arrest 被逮捕
under discussion 在讨论中 under debate 在辩论中beyond belief 令人难以置信 beyond imagination令人难以想象 for sale 出售 on sale 特价销售 for rent 出租
1. A new high - speed railway ______ currently, and it is expected to be completed in two years.
A. is building B. is being built
C. has been built D. will be built
2. The award - winning film _____ into several languages since its release and has attracted audiences from all
over the world.
A. has translated B. was translated
C. has been translated D. is translated
3. All the preparations for the task ______, and we're
ready to start.
A. completed B. have completed
C. had been completed D. have been completed
4. The stadium, which ___ to host the opening ceremony
of the coming sports meet, ______ by a famous design company.
A. is going; is designing B. will; is designed
C. is going; was designed D. will; designed
5. When I got to the cinema, the tickets for the latest movie ______ out.
A. had been sold B. have been sold
C. are sold D. were sold
6. In the spoken English of some areas in the US, the“r”sounds at the end of the words ______.
A. are dropped B. drop
C. are being dropped D. have dropped
Keys: B; C; D; C; A; A
语态表示主语和谓语动词之间的具体关系。语态分为主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是谓语动词的发出者；被动语态表示主语是谓语动词的承受者。
英语中的及物动词有主动语态和被动语态两种语态，而不及物动词只有主动语态。
被动语态由助动词be加及物动词的过去分词构成，即 be done。be随着主语人称、数和时态的变化而变化。如果表示“被某人....”后面加 by sb, 即 be done by sb.
时 态 态 一般态 完成态 进行态 完成进行态
现在时 am/is/are made have/has been made am/is/are being made
过去时 was/were made had been made was/were being made
将来时 will/shall be made will/shall have been made
过去将来时
一、一般现在时的被动
形式：am/is/are + done
主动:The students clean the classroom .
被动:The classroom is cleaned by the students .
(2022年新高考Ⅰ卷) The GPNP ____________(design) to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity (原真) and integrity of natural ecosystems…”
Key: is designed
一般过去时的被动
形式：was/were + done
The window was broken by Tom yesterday.
I wasn’t invited to the party last night.
1.(2023年全国乙卷) Having visited several times over the last 10 years, I ___________ (amaze) by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing.
2. (2021年全国甲卷) It __________(build) originally to protect the city in the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复).
3.(2019年全国Ⅲ卷) When they were free from work, they invited us… They also shared with us… On the last day of our week-long stay, we ____________(invite) to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm…
4. (2024九省联考卷）Fountain pens __________ (use) in schools long ago and have been regaining popularity lately because they are refillable.
5.（2021浙江卷）Mary’s niece wrote, "The little home ___________ (paint) white. It was sweet and fresh. Mary loved it. She was extremely pretty, and her house was a reflection of herself, everything in good taste and in perfect order.
Keys: was amazed; was built; were invited; were used; was painted
三、一般将来时的被动
形式：will be + done 或 am/is/are going to be done
The project will be finished next month.
We are going to be taught by a new teacher next term.
1.The new stadium _______________ (complete) next year.
2.If it rains tomorrow, the sports meeting ___________ (put off).
3.The work______________ (finish) in a few days.
Keys: will be completed; will be put off; will be finished
四、现在完成时的被动
形式：have/has been done
The machine has been repaired.
The book has been translated into many languages.
1. This is the third time I _______________(send) by the company to attend an important meeting.
2. Over the years, the river_________________(pollute) by the nearby companies.
Keys: have been sent; has been polluted
五、过去完成时的被动
形式：had been done
He said that the book had been stolen.
By the end of last month, the project had been completed.
1.The car ________________(repair) before it was sold.
2.The room ________________(clean) by the time my mother came back.
3.The documents ________________(sign) before they were submitted.
Keys: had been repaired; had been cleaned; had been signed
六、将来完成时的被动
形式：will have been done
The letter will have been received by the end of next week.
The task will have been finished by the time we get there.
1.By the end of this month, the new shopping mall __________________(build).
2.When you come back next week, the house and the yard ___________________(restore).
Keys:will have been built; will have been restored
七、现在进行时的被动
形式: am/is/are being done
The documents are being processed at present.
What is being discussed at the meeting
1.The new subway line___________________(construct) day and night to meet the deadline.
2.（2023天津6月卷改编）The wooden tower that ________________ (restore) will be open to tourists soon, and the work is almost finished.
Keys:is being constructed; is being restored
过去进行时的被动
形式: was/were being done
The letter was being written by her at 10 last night.
When I got to the school, the playground was being repaired.
1. The book ________________ (write) this time last year.
2. The room ________________ (clean) when I came in.
Keys: was being written; was being cleaned
被动语态补充
注：含有情态动词的被动语态形式为情态动词+be done
The paper must be handed in tomorrow.
Such problems shouldn’t be ignored.
1. (2020年全国Ⅲ卷) The artist was sure he would ___________(choose), but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperor's chief minister, the old man laughed.
2.（2024全国甲卷）What should__________(do) with such a beautiful place They wondered out loud.
3. （2024浙江1月卷）However, though it’s nice to get a few cents off a pack of sausages, it would help even more if they could sometimes __________ (offer) in smaller packs.
4.（2023全国甲卷）Carson proves that a simple lyric form that has been passed down through the ages can still ___________ (employ) today to draw attention to important truths.
5.（2022浙江卷）To understand a painting, we’re taught to look for color, composition, and light. But how can a painting _____________ (appreciate) by someone who’s blind
Keys:be chosen; be done; be offered;be employed; be appreciated
注：get+done 可表被动
He got injured in the car accident.
We get paid every month.
1.My car got _______(steal) last night.
2.The vase got _______(break) when I was cleaning the table.
Keys：stolen；broken
注：动词短语变被动语态时，其中的介词或副词不要省略。
主动：Young people should make full use of time.
被动：Time should be made full use of by young people.
主动：He gave up smoking.
被动：Smoking was given up by him.
注：主动形式表被动含义
1. 一些系动词look, sound, taste,smell, feel, prove, turn out。
The soup tastes delicious.
His plan proved practical.
2. lock, cut, open,shut, read, sell, clean, draw, teach, translate, wash, write等动词，用来说明主语的性质和特征而不是强调被执行的动作。
The pen writes smoothly.
The poem translates well.
3. weigh, measure, cost, last, break out, take place, happen, occur等表示“重量为”、“量度为”、“花费”、“持续”、“爆发”、“发生” 等状态动词或不及物动词。
The boy weighs 40kg.
The table measures 2 meters long.
The coat cost me $50.
The sports meeting lasted three hours.
The war broke out in 1937.
He pressed the button but nothing happened.
4. 一些介词短语作表语时，主动形式表被动含义。
under repair 在修理中 under construction 在建设中 under control 处于控制之下 under treatment 在治疗中 under investigation 在调查中 under arrest 被逮捕
under discussion 在讨论中 under debate 在辩论中beyond belief 令人难以置信 beyond imagination令人难以想象 for sale 出售 on sale 特价销售 for rent 出租
1. A new high - speed railway ______ currently, and it is expected to be completed in two years.
A. is building B. is being built
C. has been built D. will be built
2. The award - winning film _____ into several languages since its release and has attracted audiences from all
over the world.
A. has translated B. was translated
C. has been translated D. is translated
3. All the preparations for the task ______, and we're
ready to start.
A. completed B. have completed
C. had been completed D. have been completed
4. The stadium, which ___ to host the opening ceremony
of the coming sports meet, ______ by a famous design company.
A. is going; is designing B. will; is designed
C. is going; was designed D. will; designed
5. When I got to the cinema, the tickets for the latest movie ______ out.
A. had been sold B. have been sold
C. are sold D. were sold
6. In the spoken English of some areas in the US, the“r”sounds at the end of the words ______.
A. are dropped B. drop
C. are being dropped D. have dropped
Keys: B; C; D; C; A; A