英语语法系列-第十章 主谓一致 导学案（含答案）-2025届高三下学期英语复习专项

第十章 主谓一致
在英语中，主语和谓语动词在人称、数方面需要保持一致。主谓一致需要遵守以下三个原则：
语法一致
邻近一致
意义一致
语法一致
语法一致指的是主语是单数形式，谓语动词也用单数形式，主语是复数形式，谓语动词也用复数形式。
1. 可数名词单数和不可数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数。
The boy likes playing football.
Water is very important for our life.
倒装句：On the wall hangs a map.
2. 可数名词复数作主语，谓语动词用复数。
Books are our good friends.
倒装句：Here come three soldiers.
3. 动名词(短语)、不定式、从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
Listening to music makes me relaxed.
To be a super star is my dream.
That he is a thief is known by us.
注：What I need is a good sleep.
What we need are good teachers.
4. and, both..and..连接两个不同的主语时，谓语动词用复数。
The writer and the professor are very respectable.
Both the singer and the dancer are performing now.
5. “many a /more than one＋单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
Many a student is going to attend the meeting.
More than one student has made this mistake.
注：Many students are going to attend the meeting.
More than ten students have made this mistake.
More students than one have made this mistake.
6. 定语从句中关系代词作主语时，从句中的谓语动词与先行词保持一致。
The boy who is standing there is my brother.
The books that are on the table are mine.
对比：
Tom is one of the students who have been there.
Tom is the only one of the students who has been there.
7. a quantity of / quantities of+可数名词复数或不可数名词和a large amount of / amounts of +不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词的单复数和quantity和amount的单复数一致。
A quantity of apples is on the table.
Quantities of water are needed.
A large amount of information has been collected.
Amounts of money were donated to the charity.
8. 由对称部分构成的名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数。如：trousers, pants, shorts, shoes, boots, socks, stockings, glasses,chopsticks, compasses, scissors, gloves等。
His shoes are under the bed.
9. 以复数形式出现的名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数。如：belongings, surroundings, savings, clothes, goods, earnings, thanks, leavings等。
The surroundings of the house are very beautiful.
His savings have been used up.
10. 表示个体的不定代词作主语或修饰主语，谓语动词用单数。如：either,neither,each, one, each one, another, the other, something,somebody, everybody, everything, anyone等。
Either/Neither is OK with me.
Each has his own dream.
Another book is needed.
Everybody is here. Let’s get started.
注：each...and each..., every...and every.., no..and no..., many a...and many a..连接的名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
Each/Every boy and each/every girl has been invited.
No teacher and no student was allowed to enter the hall.
注：each作主语或each修饰的词作主语时，谓语动词用单数；如果each在复数主语后作同位语，谓语动词用复数。
Each of us has been to the Great Wall.
We each have been to the Great Wall.
注：none作主语，如果指代可数名词复数，谓语动词单复皆可；如果指代不可数名词，谓语动词用单数。
None of the students have/has left school.
None of the money belongs to me.
注：either of / neither of+可数名词复数或复数形式的代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数和复数皆可。
Either of the twins have/has been punished.
Neither of them know/knows the truth.
语法一致练习
1. (2021浙江1月卷）It is calculated by dividing a person’s weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a BMI of between 19 and 25 _____________ (consider) healthy.
2. (2022年新高考Ⅰ卷) The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that _______ (be) previously unprotected.
3. (2020年新高考Ⅰ卷) The parts of a museum open to the public ___________ (call) galleries or rooms.
4. (2021·浙江)It doesn’t impress like George Washington’s plantation on the Potomac, but Lincoln’s home in downtown Springfield, Illinois, __________(prove) irresistible to visitors since it opened to the public.
Keys: is considered; were; are called; has proven
二、邻近一致
邻近一致指的是当句中有两个及以上的主语时，谓语动词和离它最近的主语保持一致。
1. 就近一致原则：or, either...or...，neither...nor...，not only...but also...，not...but...，there be...等。
You or he is responsible for this accident.
Either you or I am going to attend the meeting.
Neither the students nor the teacher knows the answer.
Not only the parents but also their child likes this movie.
Not his parents but he wants to go abroad.
There is a pen and two books on the desk.
2. 就远一致原则：with, together with,along with,as well as, besides, in addition to, but, except, rather than, like, including, such as等。
The teacher, with/ together with/ along with/ as well as his students, is going to the museum.
The boy rather than his friends wants to join the art club.
The boy, like his classmates, has a new bike.
Ten people, including a child, were killed.
邻近一致练习
1. The professor, besides his students, ____(be) interested in the new research.
2. The old man rather than the young men ______(be) injured in the accident.
3. Not only he but also we _____(be) teachers.
4.（2021北京卷）There _________ (be) a dramatic rise in the number of extreme weather events over the past 20 years.
Keys: is; was;are; has been
意义一致
意义一致指的是谓语动词用单数还是复数需要根据主语表达的具体单复数含义来确定。
1. and连接的两个名词表示同一个人或物时，谓语动词用单数。
The writer and professor is very respectable.
The singer and dancer is performing now.
2. and连接的两个名词被看作一个整体时，谓语动词要用单数。
The knife and fork / The needle and thread is on the table.
Bread and butter is my daily breakfast.
Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy.
3. the + 形容词表示一类人作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
The young are full of energy and creativity.
注：the + 形容词表示抽象概念或事物时，谓语动词用单数。
The new is sure to replace the old.
4.表示金额、重量、时间、距离等的复数名词作主语，通常看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数。
Ten years is long time.
One million dollars is a lot of money.
5. 以-ics结尾的学科名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
Physics/Politics/Mathematics/Economics/Mechanics is an very important subject.
6.形式上是复数的专有名词，如人名、国名、书名、机构、地点等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
The United Nations is playing an important role.
The New York Times is very popular with young people.
8. 单复同形的名词作主语，谓语动词的单复数形式需要根据定语的单复数而定。如：sheep, fish, deer, means, series,species, crossroads, works, Chinese,Japanese等。
Each means has been tried to solve the problem.
Many species of animals are in danger of extinction.
This series of books is very popular among students.
注：fish表示种类时,是普通可数名词。These fishes are rare.
9. 有量词短语修饰的名词作主语时，谓语动词的单复数和量词的形式保持一致。
This pair of shoes is very expensive.
Two bottles of water are needed.
10. a group of / a couple of 后接可数名词复数，谓语动词用复数。
A group/couple of students are dancing in the classroom.
11. a number of +可数名词复数作主语，谓语动词用复数；
the number of+可数名词复数作主语，谓语动词用单数 。
A number of books have been borrowed from the library.
The number of people in the park is increasing.
12. one and a half+可数名词复数作主语，谓语动词用单数。
One and a half hours is not enough for me.
13. 既可以修饰可数名词又可以修饰不可数名词的词作主语或修饰名词作主语时，谓语动词的单复数需和主语指代的词一致。如 all,some,any, a lot of, lots of, plenty of ,most, the rest, the part,the majority,the minority 等。
All/Some have signed up for the activity.
All/Some of the water is polluted.
Are there any students in the classroom
Most of the work has been finished.
Some students are at home, and the rest are at school.
14. 只修饰可数名词复数的词作主语或修饰名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数。如many, few, a few, a great many, several等。
A great many were shocked by the news.
Several friends are coming to visit me.
15. 只修饰不可数名词的词作主语或修饰名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。如much, little, a little, a great deal of等。
Little water is left in the bottle.
A great deal of money was spent on the new house.
16. 分数、百分数作主语时，被指代的词的单复数决定谓语动词的单复数。
About two thirds of the land is suitable to grow corns.
80% of the people object to the rule.
17. 四则运算的谓语动词通常用单数。
Two and/plus two is/makes/equals/is equal to four.
Five minus two is/makes/equals/is equal to three.
Six times three is/makes/equals/is equal to eighteen.
Fifteen divided by five is/makes/equals/is equal to three.
18. 有些有生命的集合名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数，如people, cattle, police。
People all over the world are looking forward to peace.
The cattle are grazing in the field.
The police are searching for the missing child.
注：people作为“民族”讲是普通可数名词。 56 peoples
19. 有些无生命的集合名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数，如clothing, poetry, jewellery, furniture, equipment, baggage,luggage等。
Her clothing is always very stylish.
All the furniture in this room is new.
The equipment in the laboratory is very expensive.
注：clothes衣服(谓语用复数), poem诗和jewel珠宝是普通可数名词。
20. 有些集合名词作主语，若看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数；若强调集体的每位成员，谓语动词用复数。如：class, family,team, group, audience, army, crowd, crew, staff, enemy, public,government, population等。
His family is a large one.
His family like watching TV.
意义一致练习
1.(2021年新高考Ⅱ卷) Whenever I heard of businesses using plastic, I’d send an email. One of the biggest companies I wrote to _____ (be) Alaska Airlines Paris.
2. (2024新课标II卷）“Some of the things that Tang was writing about ______ (be) also Shakespeare’s concerns.
3.(2020年新高考Ⅰ卷) Often, only a small part of a museum’s collection _____(be) on display. Most of it is stored away or used for research.
4.（2023天津3月卷改编）Human impact on the animal kingdom, such as hunting and destruction of habitats, ___________（cause）a reduction in the population of certain species in the past three decades.
5. (2022北京卷)The use of those plastics ____________(increase) by 300% since 2019. The world won’t survive if this situation continues.
Keys：was; were; is; has caused; has increased
主谓一致综合练习
1.The number of people invited ______ fifty, but a number of them ______ absent for different reasons.
A. were; was B. was; was C. was; were D. were; were
2.Each boy and each girl ______ to have the chance to join the club.
A. want B. wants C. is wanting D. have wanted
3.Not only I but also Jane and Mary ______ tired of having one examination after another.
A. is B. are C. am D. be
4.What we need ______ good textbooks.
A. is B. are C. have D. has
5.The police ______ searching for the lost child in the forest now.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
6.The news that they have failed their driving test ______ (make) the couple very sad.
7.One - third of the population in this area ______ (be) farmers before, but now the number ______________ (decrease) greatly.
8.Every possible means _____________ (try) to prevent the air pollution, but the sky is still not clear.
9.The staff in this company ______ (be) very friendly and they always offer good service to the customers.
10.The pair of shoes _____ (be) really nice. I'll take them.
11.Mathematics ______ (be) my favorite subject, and I'm good at it.
12.Half of the fruit ______ (be) bad. You can't eat it.
13.The rich ______(be) not always happy, though they have a lot of money.
14.The news which he has told us ____(be) very exciting.
15.My family ______________ (watch) TV at this time yesterday.
Keys：C；B；B；B；B；makes；were；has increased；has been tried；are；is；is；is
；are；is；were watching
谓语动词综合练习
谓语动词的形式需要看三方面：时态，语态，主谓一致。
1. By the time you arrive in London, we ______ in Europe for two weeks.
A. shall stay B. have stayed
C. will have stayed D. have been staying
2. Not only the students but also the teacher ______ against the plan at the meeting yesterday.
A. was B. were C. has been D. have been
3. I can't believe that you ______ the work in such a short time, because it's really difficult.
A. have finished B. had finished
C. would finish D. will finish
4. When and where to go for the on - site inspection ______ yet.
A. has not been decided B. have not been decided
C. is not being decided D. are not being decided
5. The old man, as well as his two grandsons, ______ fishing on the river bank every Sunday afternoon in summer.
A. go B. goes C. went D. are going
6. If their marketing plans succeed, they ___ their sales by 20 percent.
A. will increase B. have increased
C. would increase D. are increasing
7. The company had about 20 notebook computers but only one - third ______ used regularly. Now we have 60 working all day long.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
8. The famous writer and professor ______ to give us a lecture next week, but the date hasn't been decided.
A. is going B. are going C. was going D. were going
9. By the end of last year, another new gymnasium ______ in Beijing.
A. will be completed B. has been completed
C. was completed D. had been completed
10. He is the only one of the students in our class who ______ to the United States.
A. had been B. have been to C. has been to D. will be
Keys: C; A; A; A; B; A; D; A; D; C