专题02 阅读理解(说明文)(一)
高频话题01 人与自我—个人保健/医疗
Passage 1
[2025·江苏无锡·期终教学质量调研(一模)]
Vaping(抽电子烟) damages young people’ s lungs as much as smoking, according to a research that has caused fresh debate over the health risks of e-cigarettes.
The study compared vapers and smokers in an intense exercise test and found both groups less fit and much more out of breath than people who have neither habit.
Dr. Azmy Faisal and colleagues at Manchester Metropolitan University asked 60 people in their 20s to have their lung capacity recorded. Twenty were non-smokers, 20 others had vaped for at least two years and the other 20 had smoked for at least two years.
The test measured the maximum amount of physical exercise that someone could achieve, and found that the vapers had an average “peak exercise capacity”, which, at 186 watts, was similar to that of the smokers (182 watts) but much lower than that among the non-smokers (226 watts).
In addition, the vapers and smokers were less able to take in oxygen — at 2.7 litres and 2.6 litres a minute respectively — than those who neither smoked nor vaped (3 litres).
“The study adds to growing evidence that long-term use of vaping is detrimental and challenges the idea that vaping could be a healthier alternative to smoking”, said Faisal and his co-authors of the study.
Medical researchers have also found evidence that vaping increases the risk of cancer, because it changes their DNA, and also that it may damage the brain and vital organs because e-cigarette aerosols 气溶胶) and liquids can contain traces of poisonous metals such as lead and uranium.
Dr. Filippos Filippidis, Chairman of the ERS’s tobacco control committee, said, “Vapes are being sold cheaply and in a variety of flavours to appeal to young people.”
Doctors and policymakers need to know about the risks of vaping and we should be doing all we can to help children and young people to avoid or quit vaping.
1. How is Faisal’s research conducted
A. By measuring oxygen intake in the blood.
B. By recording exercise capacities at different ages.
C. By comparing health conditions in different exercises.
D. By analyzing lung capacities among different groups.
2. What does the underlined word “detrimental” in paragraph 6 probably mean
A. Harmful. B. Mysterious.
C. Unimportant. D. Unpredictable.
3. What can be inferred from the text
A. Vaping will soon be completely banned.
B. More people will start vaping in the future.
C. Health risks of vaping haven’t been understood by all.
D. Strict rules will be made to regulate the price of vaping products.
4. What might be discussed in the following paragraph
A. The history and development of vaping products.
B. The comparison between different e-cigarette brands.
C. Specific measures to help young people to quit vaping.
D. Different opinions of young people who vape regularly.
Passage 2
[2025·浙江嵊州·一模]
The experiments sound like something out of a horror movie. Sew two mice together so that they share blood in a single circulatory system. This procedure has led to new discoveries in the study of aging. Studies using the procedure, called parabiosis, suggest that pumping blood from young mice into old mice can make the old mice act young again. But scientists are still testing “young blood” and debating whether it really holds the secret to turning back time.
In the 2000s, Thomas Rando, a neurologist at Stanford University in California, conducted an experiment using parabiosis. He found that the young mouse blood caused certain cells in older mice to help repair damaged muscles. But the blood from old mice also affected young mice in negative ways. Rando’s experiment also hinted at some growth of new brain cells.
This really interested Tony Wyss-Coray, a neuroscientist at Stanford University. In 2011, Wyss-Coray and his graduate student Saul Villeda found that if old mice received blood from young mice, they experienced a burst of cell growth in the hippocampus — as many as three to four times more new cells than mice that did not receive young blood. And if young mice received old blood, this slowed cell growth, making the mice old before their time. This was partly due to a high level of a protein called CCL11 in old blood. CCL11 blocks the growth of new brain cells.
These results stirred a great deal of excitement. What if young blood could help Alzheimer’s patients improve their memories This is exactly what Wyss-Coray set out to learn.
Michael and Irina Conboy, research scientists at UC Berkeley who worked with Thomas Rando have conducted a blood-exchange experiment. The Conboys noted that although young blood had some positive effects on older mice, it’s not so much that young blood has magical age-defying properties. Instead, it just helps filter out or dilute some of the “bad stuff” in old blood. “Science is the process of refining the questions we have, ” Conboy says. Researchers are hopeful that, one day science will finally unlock the secrets of aging.
1. Why might young mice receiving old blood become older according to Wyss-Coray
A. Cell growth in the hippocampus. B. Age-defying properties.
C. Repaired muscles during Parabiosis. D. High amount of CCL11.
2. What does the underlined word “dilute” mean in paragraph 5
A. Identify. B. Weaken. C. Intensify. D. Locate.
3. What do the researchers think of the prospects of the experiments
A. Unconvincing. B. Skeptical. C. Promising. D. Unclear.
4. What is the best title of the passage
A. Overturning Old Age B. Regaining Lost Memories
C. Maintaining Healthy Cells D. Uncovering Alzheimer’s Disease
Passage 3
[2025届江西省部分学校高三下学期2月一模]
For centuries, scientists have peered through microscopes to understand the basic units of life. Now, they’re proposing something far more ambitious: creating complete virtual copies of human cells — what they call artificial intelligence virtual cells (AIVCs) — that can be studied, controlled, and tested with the power of artificial intelligence.
To understand why this is a great undertaking, consider what makes cells complex. Every human cell contains roughly 42 million protein molecules and 20,000 different genes, all interacting in complicated ways we’re still struggling to fully comprehend. These components don’t operate in isolation — they form vast networks of interactions that can dramatically change based on tiny adjustments.
Now, two revolutionary advances are here to make virtual cells possible: the explosion of biological data collection methods and dramatic improvements in artificial intelligence. Modern laboratory techniques can generate enormous datasets about cellular components and behavior, with the volume of data doubling every six months.
The possible applications of such a system can be transformative. Imagine a future where doctors could create a “digital twin” of your cells — a virtual copy that would let them test different treatments on a computer before giving them to you. This could be particularly revolutionary for cancer treatment, where doctors could simulate (模拟) how different combinations of drugs might affect your cancer cells, potentially avoiding harmful side effects and finding the most effective treatment more quickly.
However, the benefits would extend far beyond individual patient care. Cancer biologists could use these virtual cells to better understand how specific genetic mutations(基因突变) transform healthy cells into unhealthy ones. Developmental biologists could track how cells change as organisms grow, potentially uncovering new ways to treat age-related diseases. Microbiologists could model viral infections to predict not just how viruses affect individual cells but how they might impact entire organs or systems.
Emma Lundberg, associate professor of bioengineering and pathology at Stanford, says, “This project requires cooperation across scientific fields, industries and nations, and we understand that fully functional models might not be available for a decade or more. With today’s rapidly expanding AI capabilities and massive datasets, the time is ripe for us to unite to reach for the stars.”
1. What does the underlined phrase “in isolation” in paragraph 2 probably mean
A. Innovatively. B. Complicatedly. C. Physically. D. Separately.
2. How could doctors mainly use the virtual cell system
A. Match healthy cells for patients. B. Test possible treatments in advance.
C. Create real copies of healthy cells. D. Teach robots to conduct surgery.
3. What is paragraph 5 mainly about
A. Other potential applications of virtual cells. B. Enormous benefits of individual patient care.
C. How scientists in medicine cooperate together. D. How some diseases are detected and prevented.
4. What is the main purpose of Emma Lundberg’s words in the last paragraph
A. To call for joint efforts to complete the project.
B. To remind scientists to wait for the time to start.
C. To warn against spending much time on the goal.
D. To acknowledge current transformative advances.
Passage 4
[2025湖南省株洲市高三教学质量统一检测(一模)考试]
Animals hibernate(冬眠) to conserve energy during cold months when food is in shortage, slowing their heart rate and dropping their body temperature to enter an inactive state. This is only survivable if their blood continues to flow and supply oxygen to the body, but scientists haven’t fully understood how this happens. If they can figure out how, the potential significance is that people might one day be able to copy the process for medical treatments or long-distance space travel.
Scientists already know that red blood cells change shape to fit different pressures and blood vessel sizes. To investigate if something like this happens in the cells of hibernating animals to keep blood flowing, Gerald Kerth and his team turned to bats.
By analysing thousands of red blood cells from bats and people, they discovered that the cells became thicker and stickier as temperatures dropped from 37℃ to 23℃. But when they cooled the cells to 10℃, the bat cells continued this metamorphosis, whereas the human cells did not. Indeed, the bat cells continued to function. This change might slow down the cells as they pass through capillaries(毛细血管) in the muscles and lungs, making them efficient at exchanging gases, like oxygen, throughout the body. The team believes that the mechanical properties of the bat red blood cell membranes(膜) play a key role.
The findings suggest that drugs could one day enable human red blood cell membranes to imitate the way the bat membranes react to the cold. Surgeons already use body cooling during certain procedures to slow down metabolism, which can help prevent organ damage in people experiencing heart attacks, organ transplants or major brain surgery. “Being able to lengthen that cooling time, or drop the temperature lower, could increase those benefits,” says Kerth.
Nature is full of yet-to-be-disclosed secrets that can teach us how to overcome present and future medical and technological challenges. In the future, hibernation will allow of efficient long-distance space travel, requiring minimum food and resources while preserving health during the journey.
1. Why is studying animal hibernation significant
A. It benefits human’s active states. B. It brings about medical advances.
C. It contributes to a tourism boom. D. It promises human’s healthy heart rate.
2. What does the underlined word “metamorphosis” in paragraph 3 mean
A. Decline. B. Destruction. C. Transportation. D. Transformation.
3. What can we infer from paragraph 4
A. Cooling techniques have improved. B. Drugs make human cells work like bat cells.
C. Body cooling matters in surgeries. D. Lower body temperature helps organ recovery.
4. What is the author’s attitude toward Gerald Kerth’s research
A. Unclear. B. Dismissive. C. Doubtful. D. Approving.
高频话题02 人与社会—科学技术
Passage 1
[2025湖南省长沙市第一次新高考适应性考试]
Artificial intelligence — or AI — is the computer code (代码) that allows a machine to do something that normally requires a human brain. On TikTok, for instance, AI sorts the posts so that the first ones you see are likely to be those you’d prefer. But before an AI can do any of that, developers must train it. And the training consumes energy.
AI training is powered mostly by fossil(化石) fuels, according to one of the largest studies of its kind. Less than 25 percent of AIs use low-carbon energy sources such as hydroelectricity and nuclear power during training. In fact, researchers now worry that training’s appetite for energy could soon become a huge problem. The energy to develop AI comes out of the electrical net. And in most parts of the world, making electricity emits(排放) carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases into the air.
Language-processing AI systems learn by devouring(吞食) texts in a particular language. This might include “reading” everything ever published online in some language, including libraries full of old books that have been digitized. Such data-intensive training uses a lot of energy. To translate between English and Chinese, for example, an AI model may deal with millions or even billions of translated books and articles. In this way, it learns which words and phrases match. Later, when given a new text, it recommends its own translation.
In 2019, researchers calculated the impact of developing AI model named Transformer. It released a massive 626, 000 pounds of carbon dioxide. That’s equal to the greenhouse gases that would be poured by five American cars from when they were made to when they were junked.
Today, most AI development happens at data centers. These computer-filled buildings account for some 2 percent US electricity use and 1 percent of global energy use. Some AI experts have sounded an alarm about the threat these energy giants pose.
1. What is AI training mainly energized by
A. Fossil fuels. B. Solar energy. C. Nuclear energy. D. Greenhouse gases.
2. What do we know about the language-processing AI systems
A. They process limited texts. B. They will replace translators.
C. They seldom read digital books. D. They are energy-consuming.
3. Why does the author mention Transformer in paragraph 4
A. To highlight its significance. B. To speak highly of AI’s power.
C. To demonstrate researchers’ creativity. D. To stress its effect on the environment.
4. What does the author imply in the last paragraph
A. AI’s development poses a threat to data centers.
B. The energy consumption of AI can’t be ignored.
C. AI is effectively transforming the way we learn.
D. People should take action to reduce gas emission.
Passage 2
[2025广东省河源市高三毕业班下学期调研模拟测试(一)]
With the rapid development of artificial intelligence, DeepSeek, a Chinese AI company, has emerged as a pioneer in educational technology. Its latest model, DeepSeek-R1, combines advanced machine learning methods to provide personalized learning solutions for students worldwide.
Unlike traditional AI models that rely on pre-programmed answers, DeepSeek-R1 uses reinforcement(强化) learning to simulate human reasoning. This allows it to guide students through problem-solving step by step, much like a patient tutor. For example, when a student struggles with a math equation, DeepSeek-R1 doesn’t just give the answer; it breaks down the logic, identifies errors, and encourages critical thinking.
The model’s applications extend beyond academics. In language learning, it analyzes students’ pronunciation through AI speech recognition and offers real-time feedback. For teachers, DeepSeek-R1 can generate lesson plans aligned with curriculum standards and even predict students’ learning difficulties based on historical data. Its “adaptive testing” feature creates customized quizzes that adjust difficulty according to individual progress.
However, challenges remain. Critics argue that over-reliance on AI might reduce human interaction in education. DeepSeek’s developers address this by emphasizing its role as a “supplement, not a replacement.” As Dr. Li, a DeepSeek researcher, stated, “Our goal is to free teachers from repetitive tasks so they can focus on inspiring creativity.”
Looking ahead, DeepSeek aims to integrate virtual reality (VR) into its platform, allowing students to explore historical events or scientific concepts in immersive 3D environments. While ethical debates about AI in education persist, one thing is clear: tools like DeepSeek are reshaping how we learn, blending technology with human wisdom.
1. What makes DeepSeek-R1 different from traditional AI models
A. It uses pre-programmed answers.
B. It focuses on memorization techniques.
C. It replaces teachers in classrooms.
D. It employs reinforcement learning for reasoning.
2. The underlined word “adaptive” in Paragraph 3 most likely means ______.
A. fixed B. adjustable
C. complicated D. outdated
3. What can be inferred about DeepSeek’s future plans
A. VR technology will enhance interactive learning.
B. It will eliminate all classroom activities.
C. It prioritizes profit over educational values.
D. Teachers will lose their jobs to AI.
4. What is the main purpose of the passage
A. To advertise DeepSeek products.
B. To criticize the risks of AI in schools.
C. To discuss AI’s role in transforming education.
D. To compare different AI models.
Passage 3
[2025广东省三校高三下学期2月第一次模拟考试一模]
AI technology has long been able to recognize patterns in music preferences and create personalized playlists. Now, a new AI system has taken this a step further by analyzing how people listen to music and identifying their unique “listening styles.” This advancement in the field of “audiometric” analysis could revolutionize how music streaming services tailor playlists to individual users, making them more personalized and enjoyable. However, there are also concerns that such systems could potentially track users’ listening habits in ways that compromise privacy.
Music recommendation algorithms, such as those used by Spotify and Apple Music, have been highly effective at suggesting new songs and artists. But Dr. Emily Carter, a music data scientist at the University of Music and Technology, notes that these algorithms often use a one-size-fits-all approach that doesn’t capture the nuances of individual listening behavior. To better understand and cater to individual preferences, researchers need to analyze each user’s unique listening patterns.
To develop and train their AI, the researchers collected data from over 50 million listening sessions and fed it into a neural network. They tested the system by seeing how well it could distinguish between different users’ listening habits. The system was given 100 listening sessions from each of about 3,000 known users and 100 new sessions from an unknown user. The AI looked for the best match and identified the unknown user 86% of the time, according to a study presented at the International Conference on Music Information Retrieval (ISMIR). “We were quite surprised by the accuracy,” says Alex Johnson, a doctoral student in Carter’s lab and the lead author of the study. A non-AI method was only 28% accurate.
“The work is really innovative,” says Dr. Sarah Kim, a music researcher at Google. “Personalized music experiences could transform how we interact with music platforms.”
The researchers are aware of the privacy implications of their system, which could potentially identify users based on their listening habits. In theory, similar systems could also analyze other behaviors, such as the types of podcasts people listen to or the timing of their music consumption. ISMIR organizers found the study technically impressive but ethically questionable, and accepted it on the condition that the researchers detail the privacy risks. Carter says they have decided, for now, not to release the software publicly.
1. What advance in AI technology is described in the article
A. It can recognize different human chess players.
B. It can create personalized playlists based on unique listening styles.
C. It can identify different people’s handwriting.
D. It can track people’s unacceptable online behavior.
2. Why is the new AI system considered innovative according to Dr. Sarah Kim
A. It can recognize patterns in music preferences more accurately than existing algorithms.
B. It uses a one-size-fits-all approach to suggest new songs.
C. It can analyze the types of podcasts people listen to.
D. It can identify users based on their listening habits with high accuracy.
3. What is the main concern regarding the new AI system described in the article
A. Its ability to create highly personalized playlists.
B. Its potential to compromise user privacy by tracking listening habits.
C. Its limited accuracy compared to non-AI methods.
D. Its inability to distinguish between different users’ listening habits.
4. What is the attitude of the ISMIR organizers toward the study on the new AI system
A. Favorable. B. Disappointed.
C. Careful. D. Uninterested
Passage 4
[2025江苏省泰州市海陵区江苏省泰州中学一模]
Indoor food growing operations are seeing both successes and failures in the United States. Some companies in the food industry are investing(投资) even as competitors fail.
California-based Plenty Unlimited this summer began working on $300 million indoor plants, while Kroger announced that it would be increasing its availability of vertically(垂直地) farmed produce. Meanwhile, two indoor farming companies that got strong backing—New Jersey’s AeroFarms and Kentucky’s AppHarvest—filed for financial failure and reorganization. And a five-year-old company in Detroit, Planted Detroit, shut its doors this summer.
The industry changes do not worry Jacob Portillo, a grower with Eden Green Technology, an indoor farming company. “The fact that other people are failing and other people are succeeding is going to happen in any industry you go to,” he said.
Indoor farming refers to growing crops indoors, which experts sometimes call “controlled environment agriculture”. There are different methods. One method called vertical farming involves putting produce from floor to ceiling, often under artificial lights and with the plants growing in nutrient-enriched water. Other growers are trying very large greenhouses, indoor beds of soil in big buildings and using special robots for parts of the farming process.
Supporters say growing indoors uses less water and land and permits food to be grown closer to consumers, saving on transport. Indoor growing is also a way to protect crops from increasingly extreme weather caused by climate change.
But critics question the sustainability (可持续性) of operations that can require a lot of energy for artificial lights. And they say paying for that light can make profitability impossible. Curt Covington of AgAmerica Lending, a private investment company centered on agriculture, is not convinced that indoor farming operations can work—except in special cases. Given the high cost of indoor operations, Covington said, “It’s just hard to be very profitable.”
1. What is Jacob Portillo’s attitude to the indoor food growing industry
A. Positive. B. Worried. C. Unclear. D. Doubtful.
2. What can we learn about indoor farming
A. It takes a lot of manpower to take care of plants.
B. It means growing plants in water instead of soil.
C. It protects crops from increasingly extreme weather.
D. It is different from controlled environment agriculture.
3. Why did Curt Covington question indoor farming operations
A. They produce little food. B. They carry great cost.
C. They need sunlight. D. They lack investors.
4. What is the best title for the text
A. What Types of Food Can Be Grown Indoors
B. How Can You Grow Food Indoors Without Soil
C. Indoor Farming Companies Take Agriculture Indoors
D. Indoor Food Growing Operations Face an Uncertain Future
Passage 5
[2025安徽省合肥市高三上学期第一次教学质量检测]
Scientists with the BrainGate research center have developed a breakthrough brain-computer interface (BCI). The system aims to restore communication for individuals with speech disabilities caused by conditions like amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), which lead to the gradual loss of mobility and speech. It uses implanted sensors to interpret brain signals when a user attempts to speak, transforming them into text that is read aloud by a computer. The study, published in the New England Journal of Medicine on August 14, was led by David Brandman and Sergey Stavisky, faculty members at UC Davis Health.
ALS, also known as Lou Gehrig’s disease, affects nerve cells controlling muscle movement. BCI technology can restore communication for those affected. In this study, Casey Harrell, a 45-year-old man with ALS, regained the ability to communicate effectively within minutes of using the system. Harrell described the experience as life-changing, saying, “My past condition was so demoralizing. Not being able to communicate seems as if you were trapped. Something like this technology will help people get back into life and society.”
The BrainGate clinical trial, led by Dr. Leigh Hochberg from Brown University, has made major progress in interpreting brain signals to help people with paralysis(瘫痪) communicate. In July 2023, the UC Davis team implanted a BCI device into Harrell’s brain, focusing on the left precentral gyrus, a part of the brain that controls speech. The system translates brain activity into phonemes(音素) and words, enabling real-time communication. Harrell’s BCI generated speech with a voice similar to his own, using software trained with existing voice samples of his voice before he developed ALS. This allowed him to connect with his loved ones in a deeply personal way.
Over 32 weeks and 248 hours of use, the system achieved remarkable results, with 99.6% acéuracy for a 50-word vocabulary in 30 minutes of training and 90.2% accuracy for a 125,000-word vocabulary after 1.4 additional training hours. “This is transformative technology,” Brandman said. “It provides hope for people who want to speak but can’t.” Dr. John Ngai, director of the NIH’s BRAIN Initiative, highlighted the milestone as a major step in restoring communication for individuals locked in by paralysis.
1. What do we know about the BrainGate BCI
A. It is used to treat speech disabilities.
B. It translates brain signals into speech.
C. It helps people with ALS move and speak.
D. It connects brains to make computers smarter.
2. What does the underlined word “demoralizing” in paragraph 2 mean
A. Discouraging. B. Demanding. C. Comforting. D. Eye-opening.
3. Why was the speech composed in Harrell’s pre-ALS voice
A. To enable his communication in real time.
B. To make his speech emotionally meaningful.
C. To improve the accuracy of speech translation.
D. To help interpret his brain signals more easily.
4. What is Dr. John Ngai’s attitude towards the BrainGate BCI
A. Favourable. B. Unclear. C. Cautious. D. Dismissive.
Passage 6
[2025·浙江杭州·一模]
For many, travel isn’t just about the destination — it’s about making the most of the journey. However, for a lot of people, the journey is often ruined by an uncomfortable experience often accompanied by vomiting, known as motion sickness. If you’ve ever felt the unwelcome urge to vomit while reading or using your device in a moving vehicle, you’re not alone. Recognizing this common issue, Apple has stepped up to offer a revolutionary solution; the Vehicle Motion Cues feature for iPhones and iPads.
Motion sickness occurs when there is a disconnect between what your eyes see and what your body feels. When you’re in a moving vehicle, your body senses motion through its vestibular system (the inner ear), but if your eyes are focused on a still screen that doesn’t reflect this movement, the brain receives mixed signals. This sensory conflict can lead to dizziness, nausea, and overall discomfort - symptoms all too familiar to motion sickness sufferers.
Apple’s new Vehicle Motion Cues feature is designed to bridge this gap and bring relief to those likely to experience motion sickness. This revolutionary feature works by displaying animated dots, around the edges of your screen, which move at the same time and speed as the motion of your vehicle. These moving cues help keep the motion your body feels in line with what your eyes see, effectively reducing the sensory mismatch that causes motion sickness.
The magic lies in the simplicity and effectiveness. The animated dots move in consistency with the vehicle’s motion, providing a visual representation of the movement your body is experiencing. By matching the visual input with the physical sensations of motion, your brain is less likely to experience the confusion that leads to sickness.
Early reports and user feedback indicate that Vehicle Motion Cues is receiving high praise for its effectiveness. So next time you embark on a journey, whether short or long, remember that Apple’s got your back — or rather, your brain - helping you make the most of every mile with ease and comfort.
1. Which type of people can be interested in Vehicle Motion Cues
A. Frequent travelers. B. Book lovers.
C. Vehicle operators. D. Sport scientists.
2. What is paragraph 2 mainly about
A. The principle of Apple’s new design.
B. The cause of motion sickness.
C. The functions of Apples new design.
D. The symptoms of motion sickness.
3. By displaying animated dots around the screen, Apple’s Vehicle Motion Cues is able to_____.
A. ease sensory conflicts in the brain
B. tell the mismatched physical sensations
C. balance the movement of our eyes and body
D. increase the effectiveness of vehicle motion
4. Which can be the best title of the passage
A. Make the Most of Your Journey： Apple Bridges the. Gap
B. Find the Magic of a Moving Vehicle: Apple’s Got! Your Back
C. Enjoy Your Reading: Apple Offers a Revolutionary Solution
D. Say Goodbye to Motion Sickness: Apple Introduces Its New Design
Passage 7
[2025安徽省淮北市和淮南市高三上学期第一次质量检测]
Dutch startup Nuwa claims to have invented the “world’s most advanced pen” that digitizes (数字化) notes written by hand. The Groningen-based company today announced a fresh cash injection of ?1. 5 million to promote the development of the product, which uses an inbuilt camera system, motion sensors, and artificial intelligence to capture text written on paper.
“Just write, and Nuwa Pen digitizes, ” Marc Tuinier, Nuwa's CEO, told us. All the notes are then stored on the startup’s app. They can then be organized, shared, and integrated with other apps. A particularly fascinating feature is intelligent notes, which scans and identifies rich text items such as dates, to-dos, and phone numbers from the notes. Users can then link the data with, for instance, their calendar, to-do app, or phone book. The feature is integrated with over 50 apps. Nuwa compares it to a personal assistant that puts you on top of your schedule.
Nuwa is targeting the product at people who still enjoy writing with a pen and notebook. While many smart pens only work on screens or digital writing systems, Nuwa promises adaptability with every type of paper. The product also uses regular ink refills. “Other smart pen brands rely on special dotted paper to recognize what the user is writing, so you’ll also be stuck buying their paper, ” Tuinier said. “Nuwa Pen can be used on any paper. ”
The Nuwa system is built around tiny design. The device weighs just 28 grams — about as much as a single AA battery — but provides enough power for two hours of continuous writing. Three tiny cameras are used to digitize the text with 2 mm×2 mm sensors. All the data is then processed directly on the device. “Capturing handwriting from these sensors in the pen itself, while a pen is constantly moving, is an extremely difficult task to get right — and we’ve done it, ” Tuinier said. By combining the trusty old ballpoint pen with the digital world, Nuwa hopes that it can solve one of those needs. The device is now available for pre-order.
1. What is the primary function of the Nuwa Pen
A. Intergrating pens with other apps. B. Organizing handwritten notes digitally.
C. Combining all apps into a single platform. D. Providing a solution for personal schedules.
2. Who is the Nuwa Pen’s main target buyer
A. People who prefer typing over handwriting.
B. People who show interest in smart ink refills.
C. People who have an extra budget for paper purchase.
D. People who appreciate traditional pen and paper writing.
3. Why does the author list a series of numbers in the last paragraph
A. To show how portable the device is. B. To explain the structure of the cameras.
C. To demonstrate the device’s operating time. D. To describe the materials used in the device.
4. What is the author’s attitude towards the Nuwa Pen
A. Doubtful. B. Uncertain. C. Neutral. D. Enthusiastic.
高频话题03 人与社会—艺术
Passage 1
[2025广东省河源市高三毕业班下学期调研模拟测试(一)]
The animated film Ne Zha 2 , released in January 2025, has become a cultural icon in Chinese cinema. Directed by Jiaozi, it continues the journey of Ne Zha and Ao Bing, two mythological heroes who survived the “Heavenly Tribulation”(天劫) — a cosmic disaster threatening both humans and gods. Though their souls were saved by the immortal Taiyi Zhenren using a magical lotus, their physical bodies remain unstable. Taiyi must now rebuild their bodies with limited resources while overcoming unexpected obstacles.
The film’s core lies in character growth. Ne Zha, once known for his rebellion, learns to value friendship and self-acceptance. His companion Ao Bing, who once struggled with inner conflicts, transforms into a decisive leader. In a pivotal scene, Ao Bing declares, “If there’s no path, I’ll create one!” — a line symbolizing courage against adversity.
Visually, Ne Zha 2 blends traditional Chinese aesthetics(美学) with modern technology. It opens with breathtaking scenes: rivers of lava and giant sea monsters leaping from stormy waves. Later, the story shifts to Kunlun Mountain, a mythical realm with glowing forests and celestial beings. The climax features a battle using the Tianyuan Ding, a shape-shifting weapon, accompanied by fast-paced action and striking.
Beyond entertainment, the film explores universal values: bravery, justice, and loyalty. These themes resonate across generations, contributing to its record-breaking box office(票房) success and an 8.6/10 rating on review platforms. Critics praise its creative integration of cultural heritage and modern storytelling.
1. What is Taiyi Zhenren’s main task in the story
A. To teach Ne Zha how to control his powers.
B. To protect Kunlun Mountain from destruction.
C. To defeat sea monsters threatening the human world.
D. To rebuild the heroes’ bodies despite limited materials.
2. What does the “Heavenly Tribulation” most likely symbolize
A. A test of physical strength. B. A life-threatening disaster.
C. A conflict between two friends. D. A journey to find ancient artifacts.
3. The quote “If there’s no path, I’ll create one!” reflects ______.
A. Ao Bing’s transformation into a determined hero
B. the importance of teamwork in the film
C. Ao Bing’s initial fear of challenges
D. the technical innovation in animation design
4. What is the main purpose of the passage
A. To advertise Ne Zha 2 to international audiences.
B. To analyze the technical challenges in making Ne Zha 2.
C. To present the cultural and educational value of Ne Zha 2.
D. To compare Ne Zha 2 with other mythological films.
Passage 2
[2025江苏省泰州市海陵区江苏省泰州中学一模]
Last Friday, a robot called EveR6 led an orchestra(管弦乐队) in a performance of Korean music at the National Theater of Korea. EveR 6 is about as tall as a person, and has a human-like face that can show emotions. Its joints(关节) allow it to move its arms quickly and smoothly in many different directions.
But EveR 6 doesn’t think on its own like some advanced Artificial Intelligence programs. Instead, it has a limited group of movements that it has been trained to perform. To make these movements as natural as possible, EveR 6’s movements are based on those captured from real human conductors.
In Friday’s performance, the National Orchestra of Korea presented a concert titled “Absence”. The concert included five different pieces of music. Two were conducted by EveR 6, and two were conducted by Soo-Yeoul Choi, who leads the Busan Philharmonic Orchestra. Both conductors worked together on the final piece.
Mr. Choi was impressed with the way EveR 6 moved. “The robot was able to present such detailed moves much better than I had imagined,” he said.
But Mr. Choi added that the robot’s biggest weakness is that it can’t hear. “Some people think that conducting is just a combination of hand waving and keeping the beat,” said Mr. Choi. “But a good conductor needs to listen to the orchestra, so that he or she can correct and encourage the orchestra as it plays.”
Mr. Choi and EveR 6 both conducted a piece of music called “Sense”. Instead of musical notes, EveR 6 had instructions for how to play the piece. The conductors and musicians had to work together to create the music. Mr. Choi communicated with the musicians while EveR 6 kept the beat. Mr. Choi said that once EveR 6 started, the musicians had “no choice but to follow its beats”.
Mr. Choi doesn’t think robots are likely to replace human conductors. But he believes robots could be helpful in situations like practice sessions where the same thing needs to be repeated many times.
1. What do we know about EveR 6 from the text
A. It is an experienced conductor. B. It has a lifelike appearance.
C. It is able to listen to music. D. It is much shorter than a person.
2. What does the underlined word “captured”in paragraph 2 mean
A. Stolen. B. Stopped. C. Recorded. D. Hidden.
3. What advantage does a human conductor have over EveR 6
A. Waving hands. B. Keeping the beat.
C. Having instructions. D. Communicating with musicians.
4. What is the text mainly about
A. A robot conducting an orchestra. B. An orchestra having performed in Korea.
C. Modern music combined with technology. D. Two conductors getting worldwide recognition.
Passage 3
[2025·浙江嘉兴·一模]
An 85-year-old hugged a younger woman she hadn’t seen for months, and she chanted (吟唱) some questions in the special routine of her ancestors in Burundi, “How are you How is your husband How are the kids ” Namukobwa paused to permit the younger woman Nzeyimana to answer. Nzeyimana, the visiting daughter of a former neighbour, replied over and over in the local Kirundi language.
A group of neighbours watched in amazement. Many were seeing their first performance of the traditional form of musical greeting, known to Burundians as akazehe. It is performed only by women on a range of occasions.
However, akazehe is disappearing, despite its unique status(地位) in this central African country. That’s according to cultural officials, teachers and others who say it is worth preserving. They mentioned the threat from public health measures that discourage unnecessary contact during disease outbreaks, in addition to the perceived failure to promote akazehe among school-going youth.
A custom such as akazehe should be preserved because of its role in protecting families, said Nikobiba, an anthropologist(人类学家) in Bujumbura. Among communities that practise it, women could tell elder women about any problems at home. Nikobiba explained, “Normally, before starting a home in traditional Burundi, the girl would first receive advice from her father’s sister. She would tell the girl, ‘I will come to greet you after a certain time.’” Such support from elders would help them develop better mental health for the young family, he added.
Ntakirutimana was among the women who gathered to watch Namukobwa greeting Nzeyimana. She said she grew up in a farming community where no mother could perform akazehe. After watching, she wanted to learn akazehe herself. “I feel better,” Ntakirutimana said, “and I saw it was good.”
1. What was Namukobwa doing according to paragraph 1
A. Practising a song. B. Sharing a story.
C. Teaching a language. D. Performing a custom.
2. What is paragraph 3 mainly about
A. The status of akazehe in Burundi. B. The difficulty in promoting akazehe.
C. The reasons for the decline of akazehe. D. The impact of akazehe on public health.
3. Nikobiba thinks that the role of akazehe lies in ___________.
A. building an active community B. maintaining traditional customs
C. bringing comfort to elders in a family D. providing psychological support for women
4. Why does the writer mention Ntakirutimana in the last paragraph
A. To praise the politeness of Burundians.
B. To show the influence of cultural practices.
C. To stress the importance of careful observation.
D. To indicate the necessity of learning how to greet.
高频话题04 人与社会—旅游观光
Passage 1
[2025江苏省泰州市海陵区江苏省泰州中学一模]
While temperatures continue to climb, visitors are still coming to see Death Valley National Park on the California-Nevada border. The park is known as the hottest place on Earth. This past weekend, the temperatures climbed to 53.33℃. Most visitors at this time of year make it only a short distance to any area in the park before returning to the cool air in their vehicles.
Early information from the park service shows that across the nation’s 424 national parks, at least four people have died this year from heat-related causes. That includes a 65-year-old man from San Diego who was found dead at Death Valley earlier this month.
Death Valley National Park suggests visitors be careful and not have expectations of rescue. While park rangers(护林员) drive on park roads and can aid tourists in need, it is unsure that lost visitors will get help in time.
Physical activity can make the heat feel even worse and leave people exhausted. Alessia Dempster, who was visiting from Edinburgh, Scotland, said, “It’s very hot especially when there’s a gentle wind. You would think maybe that would give you some slight relief from the heat, but it just really does feel like an air blow dryer just going back in your face.”
Death Valley is a narrow area that is below sea level and surrounded by high mountains, the park service’s website says. The dry air and small plant coverage let sunlight heat up the park surface. The heat then becomes trapped in the valley.
Still, several areas in Death Valley continue to draw tourists. Badwater Basin, made up of salt flats, is considered the lowest point in all of North America. The 183-meter Ubehebe Crater dates back over 2,000 years. And Zabriskie Point is a great sunrise viewing spot.
Josh Miller, a visitor from Indianapolis who has been to 20 national parks so far, shared that feeling. “It’s hot, but the scenery is awesome,” he said.
1. What do most visitors do in Death Valley
A. Cool themselves in time. B. Do lots of physical exercises.
C. Stay away from park rangers. D. Carry dryers with themselves.
2. Why does the author mention the 65-year-old man in paragraph 2
A. To encourage the elderly to travel more.
B. To express admiration for mountain climbers.
C. To advise people to tour Death Valley more often.
D. To show the danger of traveling in Death Valley.
3. What does paragraph 5 mainly tell us about Death Valley
A. Its covering area. B. Its attractive spots.
C. The reason why it is so hot. D. The service of its park’s website.
4. What can be inferred about Death Valley from the last two paragraphs
A. It has a short history. B. It is worth visiting.
C. It draws fewer and fewer tourists. D. It is unsuitable for viewing sunrise.
Passage 2
[2025·浙江金华·一模]
Last winter I enjoyed a brief adventure in Guatemala. Over a period of 12 days, I explored through the jungle to watch the sunrise and danced in the street during the holiday parade. But looking back on that trip, what I remember most vividly is a New Year’s Eve in Guatemala City, at a lifeless hotel. Rather than a countdown to midnight, I counted down the hours until my departure.
Nothing special happened during that night. Rather, the big role this hotel plays in my memories can be explained by a psychological principle called the recency effect. “The recency effect helps to account for our tendency to remember the ending part of a sequence of events with far more clarity than the rest, ” said Dr. Mary Poffenroth, a biopsychologist.
She says it arises from our short-term memory’s inability to hold on to more than a small amount of information at once. So while there is no magic formula to create lovely travel memories, employing the recency effect can turn a good trip into an unforgettable one.
Dr. Stephanie, a Neuroscientist, says that while you can strategically set off the recency effect at a trip’s end, you may have multiple opportunities to create lasting memories all along the way by breaking it up into smaller chunks.
Keep in mind that the recency effect can also backfire. “Ending an amazing trip with stressful flight delays, lost luggage or feeling unwell might be enough to overshadow the entire experience, resulting in remembering the trip as awful instead of joyful, ” Stephanie said.
To avoid disproportionately (不成比例地)spotlighting the final days, Poffenroth has created a trick: She amplifies (增强) earlier days in a trip to keep her memories well-rounded. “I collect little bits that will remind me of that day: a subway ticket, a seashell, a cardboard drink with a pub’ s logo on it. ” Then, as she is packing on the last day, “I go through all my little found treasures and spend a few moments recalling each one, ” she said. “This gives me a sense of closure for that chapter of travel and makes the experience memorable. ”
1. How did the author feel about the New Year’s Eve in Guatemala City
A. It was boring. B. It was eventful.
C. It was relaxing. D. It was cheerful.
2. What do we know about the recency effect from paragraph 2
A. It is based on a psychological principle.
B. It is widely used to create lovely memories.
C. It highlights the final part of a series of events.
D. It makes up for the inability of short-term memory.
3. What does the underlined word “backfire” mean in paragraph 4
A. Be avoided to some extent. B. Be applied extensively.
C. Produce undesirable consequences. D. Pose unexpected challenges.
4. According to Poffenroth, which of the following may help travelers have good memories
A. Share travel experiences. B. Recall the final days of a journey.
C. Purchase as many souvenirs as possible. D. Purposely gather reminders of a journey.
高频话题05 人与社会—社会问题与社会现象
Passage 1
[2025福建省厦门市高中毕业班第一次质量检测]
If you yawn(打哈欠) more and pretend to be interested often, researchers may have an explanation: a global rise in boredom. Boredom has risen significantly over the past 15 years, a new paper suggests. It also proposes a possible cause: the growing use of social media.
“Technology has driven us into an age of constant digital engagement. With endless rewarding stimulation a fingertip away, however, people are becoming increasingly bored,” the authors wrote in Communications Psychology.
One cited experiment tracked over 100,000 American adolescents for nearly a decade, finding a modest but significant rise in boredom from 2011, measured on a five-point scale. Another study of over 28,000 Chinese students showed a 14% increase in boredom between 2009 and 2020, based on the Boredom Proneness Scale.
How these results are interpreted is open to debate. James Danckert, a professor of cognitive neuroscience, thinks it reasonable that boredom is on the rise and social media may play a part. “The function of boredom, however, is to push you into action,” Danckert argues. He believes the key lies in taking part in unpredictable, meaningful events where you must make active choices. Impromptu conversations with somebody can fill these requirements.
Danckert doubts social media ticks the same boxes. “When you start scrolling(滑动) on your phone, a ton of what you’re going to see there is highly predictable,” he said. The more predictable our world becomes, the less meaningful it is and the more boring it becomes.
Professor Andreas Elpidorou, an expert in the field of boredom studies, agrees. Digital media may “force us into a continuous engagement with a content that is interesting enough to entertain but not meaningful enough to fulfil,” he said. However, he suspected it was not the only factor, adding, “I worry this is too convenient an explanation. I’m not saying it isn’t true, but I worry it may only be partially true.”
1. Why does the author mention the quote in paragraph 2
A. To support the finding of a new paper.
B. To review the benefits of digital engagement.
C. To provide solutions to overcoming boredom.
D. To highlight the suggestions given by researchers.
2. What do the two studies mentioned in paragraph 3 focus on
A. The increase in boredom levels. B. The historical trend of boredom.
C. The effect of boredom on human behavior. D. The link between boredom and technology.
3. What does the underlined word “impromptu” mean in paragraph 4
A. Structured. B. Informal. C. Detailed. D. Unprepared.
4. What is Elpidorou’s attitude towards the results of boredom research
A. Appreciative. B. Objective. C. Tolerant. D. Dismissive.
Passage 2
[2025江苏省南京市、盐城市高三一模]
Media literacy(素养) is finally getting some late-arriving attention. Whether it’s the increasing awareness of political disinformation or the threat of AI, discussions about media literacy are on the rise. The adoption of media literacy in the classroom, however, stagnates.
The driving force for providing kids with media literacy skills often gets lost in the moral panic over technology and kids. Fear has overrun reason, and people can’t decide whether to blame social media, mobile devices, tech companies, or the Internet. They are concerned with claims that technology and social media are the causes of teenage mental health issues despite the weak associations. In response, too many solutions are “ostrich policies(鸵鸟政策) ” that want to ban devices and shut down social media but don’t address more fundamental issues.
Policies that set age limits on social media access and restrict devices during school to minimize disturbance can be helpful but are incomplete solutions. Social media didn’t invent bullies(霸凌) or the enormous effect of peer pressure. Social media platforms may be a new battleground, but they are not the source. Unfortunately, many current policies ignore the need to teach kids how to manage these challenges. There is frighteningly little attention paid to preparing kids to make good decisions when they will, unavoidably, get online.
On the bright side, the rapid development of AI and increasing attention to the amount of misinformation online have helped normalize the acceptance of media literacy as a core skill. While suggestions to limit inappropriate device use, increase face-to-face socialization, and engage in outdoor play arc beneficial, they do not build the core skills that will keep kids safe offline and are fundamental to well-being and life success: good citizenship, self-awareness and self-control. Those things take teaching, whether you are online or outside.
Media literacy is an essential life skill that, once learned, can be applied to any content. While waiting for public education to catch up, parents and educators can build media literacy skills at home with numerous resources, ranging from family technology contracts and discussion guides to easy activities that can be done at home with kids.
1. What does the underlined word “stagnates” in the first paragraph probably mean
A. Gets far ahead. B. Falls apart suddenly.
C. Falls well short. D. Gets started officially.
2. What causes people’s moral panic over technology and kids
A. Belief in the rapid growth of new technologies
B. Concern over cutting kids off from the Internet
C. Inability to balance the use of social media and health.
D. Fear of technology causing mental health issues in teenagers.
3. What does paragraph 3 of the text focus on
A. The sources of peer pressure. B. The benefits of minimizing disturbance.
C. The problems of current policies. D. The disadvantages of social media platforms
4. Which of the following belongs to media literacy
A. Reducing social media exposure. B. Applying critical thinking to media.
C. Increasing face-to-face interactions. D. Recognizing the dangers of social media
Passage 3
[2025江苏省南京市、盐城市高三一模]
Decision fatigue(决策疲劳) is a psychological phenomenon where the quality of decisions declines after a long session of decision-making. It is caused by the limited mental energy we have for making choices each day. While many of us believe we are logical beings capable of weighing every option carefully, decision fatigue shows how our mental resources can be used up over time.
One of the key studies on this phenomenon was conducted in the context of parole hearings(假释听证会). Researchers found that judges were more likely to approve of parole early in the day or after a meal break. As the day progressed and the judges made more decisions, they were increasingly likely to maintain their previous decisions, denying parole simply because it required less mental effort.
Decision fatigue not only affects major life choices but also everyday decisions. For instance, people often report struggling to decide what to eat for dinner after a long day. Similarly, too many choices, such as when looking through streaming platforms or online stores, can leave individuals feeling confused, leading them to abandon the process entirely or settle for a less satisfying option.
To overcome decision fatigue, some well-known figures have adopted strategies to simplify their daily routines. For example, Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg is famous for wearing the same style of gray T-shirts to minimize unnecessary choices. Similarly, Nobel Prize-winning physicist Albert Einstein was known for owing multiple identical suits to avoid wasting energy on deciding what to wear each day. In a different context, author Haruki Murakami has shared that he maintains a strict daily routine, including specific writing hours and exercise, to free up mental capacity for his creative work.
Understanding decision fatigue can help us structure our lives more effectively. Prioritizing important decisions earlier in the day or setting up routines to minimize unnecessary choices are strategies to preserve mental energy. By managing our mental resources wisely, we can make sound decisions and reduce the stress associated with overwhelming choices
1. What leads to decision fatigue according to the text
A. The lack of time to make decisions.
B. The difficulty of making logical choices.
C. The stress from making important decisions.
D. The limited mental energy for decision-making.
2. What does the study on parole hearings reveal
A. Judges are much stricter after long breaks.
B. Decision fatigue can lead to unfair outcomes.
C. Fatigue causes judges to avoid complicated cases.
D. External factors have no impact on decision-making.
3. What does the author suggest readers shopping online do
A. Make quick decisions. B. Compare different products.
C. Limit the number of choices. D. Choose the most popular products.
4. What is the purpose of adopting routines
A. To reduce the stress of daily work. B. To increase decision-making quality.
C. To enhance overall life satisfaction. D. To create more decision-making chances
Passage 4
[2025安徽省淮北市和淮南市高三上学期第一次质量检测]
There’s a name for that feeling you get after spending too long scrolling aimlessly, and Oxford University Press (OUP) has chosen it as its word for the year for 2024. “Brain rot” took the title in a vote in which more than 37, 000 people participated, as well as public commentary and analysis of OUP’s language data. In a statement released Monday, OUP, which publishes the Oxford English Dictionary, defined “brain rot” as the supposed decline in a person‘s mental or intellectual state, especially viewed as the result of over-consumption of material (now particularly online content) considered to be shallow or unchallenging.
While the use of “brain rot” rose 230% this year, it was actually first introduced more than a century ago. According to OUP, it was first used by author Henry David Thoreau in his book Walden as he criticized society’s tendency to devalue complicated ideas in favour of simple ones. All these years later, it seems brain rot is well and truly established. The term has gained attention over the past year, however, especially as worries grow about the impact of over-consuming low-quality content online.
Earlier this year, a behavioral healthcare provider in the United States began offering treatment for brain rot, describing it as a condition of confusion, tiredness, lack of focus, and weakened mental ability. The healthcare company cited endless scrolling and social media addiction as examples of brain rot behavior, which could be prevented by setting limits on screen time or doing a digital cleansing.
“ ‘Brain rot’ speaks to one of the perceived dangers of virtual life, and how we are using our free time, ” said Casper Grathwohl, president of Oxford Languages. “I also find it fascinating that the word ‘brain rot’ has been adopted by Gen Z and Gen Alpha. These communities have promoted the expression through social media channels, the very place said to cause ‘brain rot’, ” he added. “It demonstrates a somewhat humorous self-awareness in the younger generations about the harmful impact of the social media that they’ve received. ”
1. What does “brain rot” refer to according to Oxford University Press
A. A headache caused by too much screen time. B. Mental decline from meaningless viewing.
C. Low-quality online information. D. Addiction to social media.
2. Why did Thoreau use the term “brain rot” in his writing
A. To warn people about overusing the Internet.
B. To encourage readers to watch shallow content.
C. To challenge society’s preference for simple ideas.
D. To praise mental health advancements of his time.
3. What is the main idea of the third paragraph
A. Brain rot is caused by social media and can be treated.
B. Social media causes most mental health issues.
C. Screen time has no impact on mental health.
D. Brain rot is not a real mental condition.
4. Why does Casper Grathwohl describe the younger generation as humorous
A. Because they openly laugh at the mental state of older generations.
B. Because they treat low-quality online content purely as entertainment.
C. Because they completely avoid discussing brain rot and see it as a joke.
D. Because they admit the harm of social media with self-critical humor.专题02 阅读理解(说明文)(一)
高频话题01 人与自我—个人保健/医疗
Passage 1
[2025·江苏无锡·期终教学质量调研(一模)]
Vaping(抽电子烟) damages young people’ s lungs as much as smoking, according to a research that has caused fresh debate over the health risks of e-cigarettes.
The study compared vapers and smokers in an intense exercise test and found both groups less fit and much more out of breath than people who have neither habit.
Dr. Azmy Faisal and colleagues at Manchester Metropolitan University asked 60 people in their 20s to have their lung capacity recorded. Twenty were non-smokers, 20 others had vaped for at least two years and the other 20 had smoked for at least two years.
The test measured the maximum amount of physical exercise that someone could achieve, and found that the vapers had an average “peak exercise capacity”, which, at 186 watts, was similar to that of the smokers (182 watts) but much lower than that among the non-smokers (226 watts).
In addition, the vapers and smokers were less able to take in oxygen — at 2.7 litres and 2.6 litres a minute respectively — than those who neither smoked nor vaped (3 litres).
“The study adds to growing evidence that long-term use of vaping is detrimental and challenges the idea that vaping could be a healthier alternative to smoking”, said Faisal and his co-authors of the study.
Medical researchers have also found evidence that vaping increases the risk of cancer, because it changes their DNA, and also that it may damage the brain and vital organs because e-cigarette aerosols 气溶胶) and liquids can contain traces of poisonous metals such as lead and uranium.
Dr. Filippos Filippidis, Chairman of the ERS’s tobacco control committee, said, “Vapes are being sold cheaply and in a variety of flavours to appeal to young people.”
Doctors and policymakers need to know about the risks of vaping and we should be doing all we can to help children and young people to avoid or quit vaping.
1. How is Faisal’s research conducted
A. By measuring oxygen intake in the blood.
B. By recording exercise capacities at different ages.
C. By comparing health conditions in different exercises.
D. By analyzing lung capacities among different groups.
2. What does the underlined word “detrimental” in paragraph 6 probably mean
A. Harmful. B. Mysterious.
C. Unimportant. D. Unpredictable.
3. What can be inferred from the text
A. Vaping will soon be completely banned.
B. More people will start vaping in the future.
C. Health risks of vaping haven’t been understood by all.
D. Strict rules will be made to regulate the price of vaping products.
4. What might be discussed in the following paragraph
A. The history and development of vaping products.
B. The comparison between different e-cigarette brands.
C. Specific measures to help young people to quit vaping.
D. Different opinions of young people who vape regularly.
【答案】1. D 2. A 3. C 4. C
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了一项研究表明，抽电子烟对年轻人肺部的损害程度与吸烟相当，引发了人们对电子烟健康风险的新一轮争论。
1. 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Dr. Azmy Faisal and colleagues at Manchester Metropolitan University asked 60 people in their 20s to have their lung capacity recorded. (曼彻斯特城市大学的Azmy Faisal博士和他的同事让60名20多岁的人记录他们的肺活量。)”和第四段“The test measured the maximum amount of physical exercise that someone could achieve, and found that the vapers had an average “peak exercise capacity”, which, at 186 watts, was similar to that of the smokers (182 watts) but much lower than that among the non-smokers (226 watts). (该测试测量了某人所能达到的最大运动量，并发现抽电子烟的人的平均“最大运动能力”为186瓦，与吸烟者(182瓦)相似，但远低于非吸烟者(226瓦)。)”可知，Faisal的研究是通过分析不同人群的肺活量来进行的。故选D项。
2. 词句猜测题。根据画线词所在句“‘The study adds to growing evidence that long-term use of vaping is detrimental and challenges the idea that vaping could be a healthier alternative to smoking’, said Faisal and his co-authors of the study. (Faisal和他的研究合著者说:‘这项研究为长期使用电子烟……这一日益增多的证据增添了内容，并挑战了电子烟可能是吸烟更健康替代品这一观点。’)”可知，Faisal和他的研究合著者的研究挑战了电子烟可能是吸烟更健康替代品这一观点即长期用电子烟是不健康的，由此画线词所在句提到的是研究为“电子烟有害”增添了证据。故画线词意思是“有害的”与A选项“Harmful.(有害的)”为同义词。故选A项。
3. 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Doctors and policymakers need to know about the risks of vaping and we should be doing all we can to help children and young people to avoid or quit vaping. (医生和决策者需要了解电子烟的风险，我们应该尽我们所能帮助儿童和年轻人避免或戒除电子烟。)”可推知，不是所有人都了解电子烟的健康风险。故选C项。
4. 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Doctors and policymakers need to know about the risks of vaping and we should be doing all we can to help children and young people to avoid or quit vaping. (医生和决策者需要了解电子烟的风险，我们应该尽我们所能帮助儿童和年轻人避免或戒除电子烟。)”可知，最后一段强调了医生和决策者需要了解电子烟的风险，并帮助年轻人避免或戒除电子烟，由此可推知，接下来可能会讨论帮助年轻人戒除电子烟的具体措施。故选C项。
Passage 2
[2025·浙江嵊州·一模]
The experiments sound like something out of a horror movie. Sew two mice together so that they share blood in a single circulatory system. This procedure has led to new discoveries in the study of aging. Studies using the procedure, called parabiosis, suggest that pumping blood from young mice into old mice can make the old mice act young again. But scientists are still testing “young blood” and debating whether it really holds the secret to turning back time.
In the 2000s, Thomas Rando, a neurologist at Stanford University in California, conducted an experiment using parabiosis. He found that the young mouse blood caused certain cells in older mice to help repair damaged muscles. But the blood from old mice also affected young mice in negative ways. Rando’s experiment also hinted at some growth of new brain cells.
This really interested Tony Wyss-Coray, a neuroscientist at Stanford University. In 2011, Wyss-Coray and his graduate student Saul Villeda found that if old mice received blood from young mice, they experienced a burst of cell growth in the hippocampus — as many as three to four times more new cells than mice that did not receive young blood. And if young mice received old blood, this slowed cell growth, making the mice old before their time. This was partly due to a high level of a protein called CCL11 in old blood. CCL11 blocks the growth of new brain cells.
These results stirred a great deal of excitement. What if young blood could help Alzheimer’s patients improve their memories This is exactly what Wyss-Coray set out to learn.
Michael and Irina Conboy, research scientists at UC Berkeley who worked with Thomas Rando have conducted a blood-exchange experiment. The Conboys noted that although young blood had some positive effects on older mice, it’s not so much that young blood has magical age-defying properties. Instead, it just helps filter out or dilute some of the “bad stuff” in old blood. “Science is the process of refining the questions we have, ” Conboy says. Researchers are hopeful that, one day science will finally unlock the secrets of aging.
1. Why might young mice receiving old blood become older according to Wyss-Coray
A. Cell growth in the hippocampus. B. Age-defying properties.
C. Repaired muscles during Parabiosis. D. High amount of CCL11.
2. What does the underlined word “dilute” mean in paragraph 5
A. Identify. B. Weaken. C. Intensify. D. Locate.
3. What do the researchers think of the prospects of the experiments
A. Unconvincing. B. Skeptical. C. Promising. D. Unclear.
4. What is the best title of the passage
A. Overturning Old Age B. Regaining Lost Memories
C. Maintaining Healthy Cells D. Uncovering Alzheimer’s Disease
【答案】1. D 2. B 3. C 4. A
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是通过年轻血液逆转衰老的前沿研究，探讨其对老化机制的理解及潜在的医学应用前景。
1. 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“And if young mice received old blood, this slowed cell growth, making the mice old before their time. This was partly due to a high level of a protein called CCL11 in old blood. CCL11 blocks the growth of new brain cells.(如果年轻的老鼠接受了年老的血液，这就会减缓细胞的生长，使老鼠提前衰老。这在一定程度上是由于老年老鼠血液中一种叫做CCL11的蛋白质含量很高。CCL11阻断新脑细胞的生长。)”可知，年轻老鼠接受年老的血液会使老鼠提前衰老，在很大程度上由于老年老鼠血液中一种叫做CCL11的蛋白质含量很高。故选D项。
\2. 词句猜测题。根据划线单词前的“The Conboys noted that although young blood had some positive effects on older mice, it’s not so much that young blood has magical age-defying properties.(两位科学家指出，尽管年轻的血液对年老的老鼠有一些积极的影响，但并不是说年轻的血液有神奇的抗衰老特性。)”可知，两位科学家认为年轻血液对年老老鼠有积极影响，但并非是年轻血液有神奇的抗衰老特性，结合“Instead, it just helps filter out or dilute some of the “bad stuff” in old blood.(相反，它只是帮助过滤掉旧血液中的一些“坏东西”。)”可知，划线单词所在的句子解释了年轻血液对年老老鼠有积极影响是因为它过滤掉了旧血液中的一些“坏东西”，划线单词与filter out用or连接，为选择关系，由此可知，年轻血液的作用在于过滤或减弱老年血液中的一些不良物质的影响，所以，划线单词的意思与“减弱”意义相近。故选B项。
3. 推理判断题。根据尾段中的“Researchers are hopeful that, one day science will finally unlock the secrets of aging.(研究人员希望有一天科学能够最终揭开衰老的秘密。)”可知，研究人员对未来的科学研究充满希望，认为有一天科学能够揭示衰老的秘密，这反映了他们对研究前景持乐观态度。故选C项。
4. 主旨大意题。根据首段中的“Studies using the procedure, called parabiosis, suggest that pumping blood from young mice into old mice can make the old mice act young again. But scientists are still testing “young blood” and debating whether it really holds the secret to turning back time.(使用这种被称为异种共生的方法的研究表明，将年轻老鼠的血液注入年老老鼠体内，可以使年老老鼠恢复年轻的行为。但科学家们仍在测试“年轻血液”，并争论它是否真的拥有让时间倒流的秘密。)”以及下文中介绍的斯坦福大学的神经科学家Thomas Rando以及Tony Wyss-Coray对该研究的进一步实验和分析和加州大学伯克利分校的研究科学家迈克尔和伊琳娜·康博伊曾与托马斯·兰德合作进行的一项血液交换实验情况可知，本文主要讨论了通过年轻血液逆转衰老的研究和发现，包括其可能对阿尔茨海默病患者记忆改善的影响，所以题目“颠覆衰老”与本文的内容吻合，且可以概括本文的主旨，适合作为最佳标题。故选A项。
Passage 3
[2025江西省部分学校高三下学期2月一模]
For centuries, scientists have peered through microscopes to understand the basic units of life. Now, they’re proposing something far more ambitious: creating complete virtual copies of human cells — what they call artificial intelligence virtual cells (AIVCs) — that can be studied, controlled, and tested with the power of artificial intelligence.
To understand why this is a great undertaking, consider what makes cells complex. Every human cell contains roughly 42 million protein molecules and 20,000 different genes, all interacting in complicated ways we’re still struggling to fully comprehend. These components don’t operate in isolation — they form vast networks of interactions that can dramatically change based on tiny adjustments.
Now, two revolutionary advances are here to make virtual cells possible: the explosion of biological data collection methods and dramatic improvements in artificial intelligence. Modern laboratory techniques can generate enormous datasets about cellular components and behavior, with the volume of data doubling every six months.
The possible applications of such a system can be transformative. Imagine a future where doctors could create a “digital twin” of your cells — a virtual copy that would let them test different treatments on a computer before giving them to you. This could be particularly revolutionary for cancer treatment, where doctors could simulate (模拟) how different combinations of drugs might affect your cancer cells, potentially avoiding harmful side effects and finding the most effective treatment more quickly.
However, the benefits would extend far beyond individual patient care. Cancer biologists could use these virtual cells to better understand how specific genetic mutations(基因突变) transform healthy cells into unhealthy ones. Developmental biologists could track how cells change as organisms grow, potentially uncovering new ways to treat age-related diseases. Microbiologists could model viral infections to predict not just how viruses affect individual cells but how they might impact entire organs or systems.
Emma Lundberg, associate professor of bioengineering and pathology at Stanford, says, “This project requires cooperation across scientific fields, industries and nations, and we understand that fully functional models might not be available for a decade or more. With today’s rapidly expanding AI capabilities and massive datasets, the time is ripe for us to unite to reach for the stars.”
1. What does the underlined phrase “in isolation” in paragraph 2 probably mean
A. Innovatively. B. Complicatedly. C. Physically. D. Separately.
2. How could doctors mainly use the virtual cell system
A. Match healthy cells for patients. B. Test possible treatments in advance.
C. Create real copies of healthy cells. D. Teach robots to conduct surgery.
3. What is paragraph 5 mainly about
A. Other potential applications of virtual cells. B. Enormous benefits of individual patient care.
C. How scientists in medicine cooperate together. D. How some diseases are detected and prevented.
4. What is the main purpose of Emma Lundberg’s words in the last paragraph
A. To call for joint efforts to complete the project.
B. To remind scientists to wait for the time to start.
C. To warn against spending much time on the goal.
D. To acknowledge current transformative advances.
【答案】1. D 2. B 3. A 4. A
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章探讨了创建人工智能虚拟细胞(AIVCs)的设想，以及它的应用前景和实现问题。
1. 词句猜测题。根据划线词下文“they form vast networks of interactions that can dramatically change based on tiny adjustments (它们形成了巨大的互动网络，可以根据微小的调整产生巨大的变化。)”可知是对上文的解释，所以推知上文意思是这些组成部分并不是孤立运作的，所以in isolation意为“孤立地”和separately同义，故选D。
2. 细节理解题。根据第四段“Imagine a future where doctors could create a “digital twin” of your cells — a virtual copy that would let them test different treatments on a computer before giving them to you. (想象一下，未来医生可以为你的细胞创造一个“数字双胞胎”——一个虚拟的副本，让他们在给你治疗之前在电脑上测试不同的治疗方法。)”可知，医生主要利用虚拟细胞系统提前测试可能的治疗方法。故选B。
3. 主旨大意题。根据第五段“However, the benefits would extend far beyond individual patient care. Cancer biologists could use these virtual cells to better understand how specific genetic mutations (基因突变) transform healthy cells into unhealthy ones. Developmental biologists could track how cells change as organisms grow, potentially uncovering new ways to treat age-related diseases. Microbiologists could model viral infections to predict not just how viruses affect individual cells but how they might impact entire organs or systems. (然而，它的好处将远远超出对病人的个人护理。癌症生物学家可以利用这些虚拟细胞来更好地了解特定的基因突变是如何将健康细胞转化为不健康细胞的。发育生物学家可以追踪生物体生长过程中细胞的变化，从而有可能发现治疗与年龄相关疾病的新方法。微生物学家可以模拟病毒感染，不仅可以预测病毒如何影响单个细胞，还可以预测病毒如何影响整个器官或系统。) ”可知该段主要讲的是虚拟细胞的其他潜在应用。故选A。
4. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Emma Lundberg, associate professor of bioengineering and pathology at Stanford, says, “This project requires cooperation across scientific fields, industries and nations, and we understand that fully functional models might not be available for a decade or more. With today’s rapidly expanding AI capabilities and massive datasets, the time is ripe for us to unite to reach for the stars.” (斯坦福大学生物工程和病理学副教授艾玛·伦德伯格(Emma Lundberg)说：“这个项目需要跨科学领域、行业和国家的合作，我们知道，功能齐全的模型可能在十年或更长时间内无法实现。”随着人工智能能力和海量数据集的迅速发展，我们联合起来摘星的时机已经成熟。”)”可推知Emma Lundberg说这段话的目的是呼吁共同努力完成这个项目，故选A。
Passage 4
[2025湖南省株洲市高三教学质量统一检测(一模)考试]
Animals hibernate(冬眠) to conserve energy during cold months when food is in shortage, slowing their heart rate and dropping their body temperature to enter an inactive state. This is only survivable if their blood continues to flow and supply oxygen to the body, but scientists haven’t fully understood how this happens. If they can figure out how, the potential significance is that people might one day be able to copy the process for medical treatments or long-distance space travel.
Scientists already know that red blood cells change shape to fit different pressures and blood vessel sizes. To investigate if something like this happens in the cells of hibernating animals to keep blood flowing, Gerald Kerth and his team turned to bats.
By analysing thousands of red blood cells from bats and people, they discovered that the cells became thicker and stickier as temperatures dropped from 37℃ to 23℃. But when they cooled the cells to 10℃, the bat cells continued this metamorphosis, whereas the human cells did not. Indeed, the bat cells continued to function. This change might slow down the cells as they pass through capillaries(毛细血管) in the muscles and lungs, making them efficient at exchanging gases, like oxygen, throughout the body. The team believes that the mechanical properties of the bat red blood cell membranes(膜) play a key role.
The findings suggest that drugs could one day enable human red blood cell membranes to imitate the way the bat membranes react to the cold. Surgeons already use body cooling during certain procedures to slow down metabolism, which can help prevent organ damage in people experiencing heart attacks, organ transplants or major brain surgery. “Being able to lengthen that cooling time, or drop the temperature lower, could increase those benefits,” says Kerth.
Nature is full of yet-to-be-disclosed secrets that can teach us how to overcome present and future medical and technological challenges. In the future, hibernation will allow of efficient long-distance space travel, requiring minimum food and resources while preserving health during the journey.
1. Why is studying animal hibernation significant
A. It benefits human’s active states. B. It brings about medical advances.
C. It contributes to a tourism boom. D. It promises human’s healthy heart rate.
2. What does the underlined word “metamorphosis” in paragraph 3 mean
A. Decline. B. Destruction. C. Transportation. D. Transformation.
3. What can we infer from paragraph 4
A. Cooling techniques have improved. B. Drugs make human cells work like bat cells.
C. Body cooling matters in surgeries. D. Lower body temperature helps organ recovery.
4. What is the author’s attitude toward Gerald Kerth’s research
A. Unclear. B. Dismissive. C. Doubtful. D. Approving.
【答案】1. B 2. D 3. C 4. D
【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文，变形红细胞帮助蝙蝠冬眠，如果我们能找出其中的奥秘，也许有一天人类也能复制这一过程，用于医疗或远距离太空旅行。文章介绍了Gerald Kerth及其团队在这方面的研究及重要发现。
1. 细节理解题。根据第一段中“If they can figure out how, the potential significance is that people might one day be able to copy the process for medical treatments or long-distance space travel.(如果他们能弄清楚如何做到这一点，潜在的意义在于，人们有一天可能能够复制这一过程，用于医疗或长途太空旅行)”可知，研究动物冬眠之所以重要是因为它会带来医学进步，故选B。
2. 词句猜测题。根据第三段中“By analysing thousands of red blood cells from bats and people, they discovered that the cells became thicker and stickier as temperatures dropped from 37℃ to 23℃. But when they cooled the cells to 10℃, the bat cells continued this metamorphosis, whereas the human cells did not.(通过分析来自蝙蝠和人类的数千个红细胞，他们发现，当温度从37℃降至23℃时，这些细胞变得更厚、更坚硬。但是当他们将细胞冷却到10℃时，蝙蝠细胞继续这种metamorphosis，而人类细胞则没有)”可知，温度下降时红细胞会变得更厚、更坚硬，metamorphosis指的是红细胞的这种“改变”，故选D。
3. 推理判断题。根据第四段中“Surgeons already use body cooling during certain procedures to slow down metabolism, which can help prevent organ damage in people experiencing heart attacks, organ transplants or major brain surgery.(外科医生已经在某些手术过程中使用身体降温来减缓新陈代谢，这有助于防止心脏病发作、器官移植或大型脑部手术患者的器官损伤)”可知，在手术中，身体降温很重要，故选C。
4. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Nature is full of yet-to-be-disclosed secrets that can teach us how to overcome present and future medical and technological challenges. In the future, hibernation will allow of efficient long-distance space travel, requiring minimum food and resources while preserving health during the journey.(大自然充满了尚未揭示的秘密，这些秘密可以教会我们如何克服当前和未来的医疗和技术挑战。在未来，冬眠将允许高效的长途太空旅行，需要最少的食物和资源，同时在旅途中保持健康)”可知，作者对Gerald Kerth的研究持赞成态度，故选D。
高频话题02 人与社会—科学技术
Passage 1
[2025湖南省长沙市第一次新高考适应性考试]
Artificial intelligence — or AI — is the computer code (代码) that allows a machine to do something that normally requires a human brain. On TikTok, for instance, AI sorts the posts so that the first ones you see are likely to be those you’d prefer. But before an AI can do any of that, developers must train it. And the training consumes energy.
AI training is powered mostly by fossil(化石) fuels, according to one of the largest studies of its kind. Less than 25 percent of AIs use low-carbon energy sources such as hydroelectricity and nuclear power during training. In fact, researchers now worry that training’s appetite for energy could soon become a huge problem. The energy to develop AI comes out of the electrical net. And in most parts of the world, making electricity emits(排放) carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases into the air.
Language-processing AI systems learn by devouring(吞食) texts in a particular language. This might include “reading” everything ever published online in some language, including libraries full of old books that have been digitized. Such data-intensive training uses a lot of energy. To translate between English and Chinese, for example, an AI model may deal with millions or even billions of translated books and articles. In this way, it learns which words and phrases match. Later, when given a new text, it recommends its own translation.
In 2019, researchers calculated the impact of developing AI model named Transformer. It released a massive 626, 000 pounds of carbon dioxide. That’s equal to the greenhouse gases that would be poured by five American cars from when they were made to when they were junked.
Today, most AI development happens at data centers. These computer-filled buildings account for some 2 percent US electricity use and 1 percent of global energy use. Some AI experts have sounded an alarm about the threat these energy giants pose.
1. What is AI training mainly energized by
A. Fossil fuels. B. Solar energy. C. Nuclear energy. D. Greenhouse gases.
2. What do we know about the language-processing AI systems
A. They process limited texts. B. They will replace translators.
C. They seldom read digital books. D. They are energy-consuming.
3. Why does the author mention Transformer in paragraph 4
A. To highlight its significance. B. To speak highly of AI’s power.
C. To demonstrate researchers’ creativity. D. To stress its effect on the environment.
4. What does the author imply in the last paragraph
A. AI’s development poses a threat to data centers.
B. The energy consumption of AI can’t be ignored.
C. AI is effectively transforming the way we learn.
D. People should take action to reduce gas emission.
【答案】1. A 2. D 3. D 4. B
【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了人工智能(AI)训练所消耗的能源问题。
1. 细节理解题。根据第二段“AI training is powered mostly by fossil (化石) fuels, according to one of the largest studies of its kind.(根据同类研究中规模最大的一项，人工智能训练主要由化石燃料提供动力。)”可知，AI训练主要由化石燃料提供能量。故选A。
2. 细节理解题。根据第三段“Language-processing AI systems learn by devouring (吞食) texts in a particular language. This might include “reading” everything ever published online in some language, including libraries full of old books that have been digitized. Such data-intensive training uses a lot of energy.(语言处理人工智能系统通过大量“吞食”(即阅读)特定语言的文本来进行学习。这可能包括“阅读”某种语言下所有曾在网上发布过的内容，以及已被数字化的满载古老书籍的图书馆。这种数据密集型的训练过程消耗了大量的能源。)”可知，语言处理AI系统需要“吞食”大量的文本，这种数据密集型的训练消耗了大量的能量。故选D。
3. 推理判断题。根据第四段“In 2019, researchers calculated the impact of developing AI model named Transformer. It released a massive 626, 000 pounds of carbon dioxide. That’s equal to the greenhouse gases that would be poured by five American cars from when they were made to when they were junked.(2019年，研究人员计算了开发名为Transformer的人工智能模型的影响。它释放了62.6万磅的二氧化碳。这相当于五辆美国汽车从制造到报废所排放的温室气体总量。)”可知，作者提到Transformer是为了说明开发这个AI模型释放了大量的二氧化碳，即为了强调其对环境的影响。故选D。
4. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Today, most AI development happens at data centers. These computer-filled buildings account for some 2 percent US electricity use and 1 percent of global energy use. Some AI experts have sounded an alarm about the threat these energy giants pose.(如今，大多数人工智能的开发都发生在数据中心。这些布满计算机的建筑约占美国电力消耗的2%和全球能源消耗的1%。一些人工智能专家对这些能源巨头构成的威胁发出了警报。)”可知，作者在最后一段暗示AI的能源消耗不容忽视。故选B。
Passage 2
[2025广东省河源市高三毕业班下学期调研模拟测试(一)]
With the rapid development of artificial intelligence, DeepSeek, a Chinese AI company, has emerged as a pioneer in educational technology. Its latest model, DeepSeek-R1, combines advanced machine learning methods to provide personalized learning solutions for students worldwide.
Unlike traditional AI models that rely on pre-programmed answers, DeepSeek-R1 uses reinforcement(强化) learning to simulate human reasoning. This allows it to guide students through problem-solving step by step, much like a patient tutor. For example, when a student struggles with a math equation, DeepSeek-R1 doesn’t just give the answer; it breaks down the logic, identifies errors, and encourages critical thinking.
The model’s applications extend beyond academics. In language learning, it analyzes students’ pronunciation through AI speech recognition and offers real-time feedback. For teachers, DeepSeek-R1 can generate lesson plans aligned with curriculum standards and even predict students’ learning difficulties based on historical data. Its “adaptive testing” feature creates customized quizzes that adjust difficulty according to individual progress.
However, challenges remain. Critics argue that over-reliance on AI might reduce human interaction in education. DeepSeek’s developers address this by emphasizing its role as a “supplement, not a replacement.” As Dr. Li, a DeepSeek researcher, stated, “Our goal is to free teachers from repetitive tasks so they can focus on inspiring creativity.”
Looking ahead, DeepSeek aims to integrate virtual reality (VR) into its platform, allowing students to explore historical events or scientific concepts in immersive 3D environments. While ethical debates about AI in education persist, one thing is clear: tools like DeepSeek are reshaping how we learn, blending technology with human wisdom.
1. What makes DeepSeek-R1 different from traditional AI models
A. It uses pre-programmed answers.
B. It focuses on memorization techniques.
C. It replaces teachers in classrooms.
D. It employs reinforcement learning for reasoning.
2. The underlined word “adaptive” in Paragraph 3 most likely means ______.
A. fixed B. adjustable
C. complicated D. outdated
3. What can be inferred about DeepSeek’s future plans
A. VR technology will enhance interactive learning.
B. It will eliminate all classroom activities.
C. It prioritizes profit over educational values.
D. Teachers will lose their jobs to AI.
4. What is the main purpose of the passage
A. To advertise DeepSeek products.
B. To criticize the risks of AI in schools.
C. To discuss AI’s role in transforming education.
D. To compare different AI models.
【答案】1. D 2. B 3. A 4. C
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了中国AI公司DeepSeek及其最新模型DeepSeek-R1在教育技术中的应用、优势、挑战及未来发展方向。
1. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Unlike traditional AI models that rely on pre-programmed answers, DeepSeek-R1 uses reinforcement (强化) learning to simulate human reasoning.(与依赖预编程答案的传统AI模型不同，DeepSeek-R1使用强化学习来模拟人类的推理过程)”可知，DeepSeek-R1与传统AI模型的区别在于它使用强化学习来进行推理。故选D。
2. 词句猜测题。根据划线单词所在的句子“creates customized quizzes that adjust difficulty according to individual progress(创建定制的测验，根据个人进度调整难度)”可知，DeepSeek能够创建个性化的测验，根据个人的进度调整难度，由此可知，adaptive的意思接近于adjustable“可调节的”。故选B。
3. 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Looking ahead, DeepSeek aims to integrate virtual reality (VR) into its platform, allowing students to explore historical events or scientific concepts in immersive 3D environments.(展望未来，DeepSeek计划将其平台与虚拟现实(VR)技术整合，让学生能够在沉浸式的3D环境中探索历史事件或科学概念)”可知，展望未来，DeepSeek旨在将其平台与虚拟现实(VR)相结合，让学生在沉浸式的3D环境中探索历史事件或科学概念，由此可推知，VR技术将增强互动学习。故选A。
4. 推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“With the rapid development of artificial intelligence, DeepSeek, a Chinese AI company, has emerged as a pioneer in educational technology. Its latest model, DeepSeek-R1, combines advanced machine learning methods to provide personalized learning solutions for students worldwide.(随着人工智能的迅速发展，中国的人工智能公司DeepSeek已成为教育技术领域的先驱。其最新模型DeepSeek-R1结合了先进的机器学习方法，为全球学生提供个性化的学习解决方案)”可知，全文讨论了DeepSeek及其模型DeepSeek-R1在教育领域的应用和变革，探讨了AI在教育中的角色及其带来的影响。故选C。
Passage 3
[2025广东省三校高三下学期2月第一次模拟考试一模]
AI technology has long been able to recognize patterns in music preferences and create personalized playlists. Now, a new AI system has taken this a step further by analyzing how people listen to music and identifying their unique “listening styles.” This advancement in the field of “audiometric” analysis could revolutionize how music streaming services tailor playlists to individual users, making them more personalized and enjoyable. However, there are also concerns that such systems could potentially track users’ listening habits in ways that compromise privacy.
Music recommendation algorithms, such as those used by Spotify and Apple Music, have been highly effective at suggesting new songs and artists. But Dr. Emily Carter, a music data scientist at the University of Music and Technology, notes that these algorithms often use a one-size-fits-all approach that doesn’t capture the nuances of individual listening behavior. To better understand and cater to individual preferences, researchers need to analyze each user’s unique listening patterns.
To develop and train their AI, the researchers collected data from over 50 million listening sessions and fed it into a neural network. They tested the system by seeing how well it could distinguish between different users’ listening habits. The system was given 100 listening sessions from each of about 3,000 known users and 100 new sessions from an unknown user. The AI looked for the best match and identified the unknown user 86% of the time, according to a study presented at the International Conference on Music Information Retrieval (ISMIR). “We were quite surprised by the accuracy,” says Alex Johnson, a doctoral student in Carter’s lab and the lead author of the study. A non-AI method was only 28% accurate.
“The work is really innovative,” says Dr. Sarah Kim, a music researcher at Google. “Personalized music experiences could transform how we interact with music platforms.”
The researchers are aware of the privacy implications of their system, which could potentially identify users based on their listening habits. In theory, similar systems could also analyze other behaviors, such as the types of podcasts people listen to or the timing of their music consumption. ISMIR organizers found the study technically impressive but ethically questionable, and accepted it on the condition that the researchers detail the privacy risks. Carter says they have decided, for now, not to release the software publicly.
1. What advance in AI technology is described in the article
A. It can recognize different human chess players.
B. It can create personalized playlists based on unique listening styles.
C. It can identify different people’s handwriting.
D. It can track people’s unacceptable online behavior.
2. Why is the new AI system considered innovative according to Dr. Sarah Kim
A. It can recognize patterns in music preferences more accurately than existing algorithms.
B. It uses a one-size-fits-all approach to suggest new songs.
C. It can analyze the types of podcasts people listen to.
D. It can identify users based on their listening habits with high accuracy.
3. What is the main concern regarding the new AI system described in the article
A. Its ability to create highly personalized playlists.
B. Its potential to compromise user privacy by tracking listening habits.
C. Its limited accuracy compared to non-AI methods.
D. Its inability to distinguish between different users’ listening habits.
4. What is the attitude of the ISMIR organizers toward the study on the new AI system
A. Favorable. B. Disappointed.
C. Careful. D. Uninterested
【答案】1. B 2. A 3. B 4. C
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一种新的人工智能系统，它能分析人们的音乐聆听风格创建个性化歌单，但也存在隐私风险，研究人员暂不公开该软件。
1. 细节理解题。根据第一段中“AI technology has long been able to recognize patterns in music preferences and create personalized playlists. Now, a new AI system has taken this a step further by analyzing how people listen to music and identifying their unique ‘listening styles.’ This advancement in the field of ’audiometric’ analysis could revolutionize how music streaming services tailor playlists to individual users, making them more personalized and enjoyable.(人工智能技术早就能够识别音乐偏好的模式，并创建个性化的播放列表。现在，一种新的人工智能系统更进一步，它通过分析人们听音乐的方式，识别出他们独特的‘聆听风格’。这种‘听力测量’分析领域的进步可能会彻底改变音乐流媒体服务为个人用户定制播放列表的方式，使它们更加个性化和令人愉悦)”可知，这项人工智能技术的进步是它能基于独特的聆听风格创建个性化歌单。故选B项。
2. 推理判断题。根据第二段中“Music recommendation algorithms, such as those used by Spotify and Apple Music, have been highly effective at suggesting new songs and artists. But Dr. Emily Carter, a music data scientist at the University of Music and Technology, notes that these algorithms often use a one size fits all approach that doesn’t capture the nuances of individual listening behavior.(音乐推荐算法，如Spotify和Apple Music使用的算法，在推荐新歌和新艺术家方面非常有效。但音乐与技术大学的音乐数据科学家Emily Carter博士指出，这些算法通常采用一刀切的方法，无法捕捉到个人聆听行为的细微差别)”以及第四段中“‘The work is really innovative,’ says Dr. Sarah Kim, a music researcher at Google. ‘Personalized music experiences could transform how we interact with music platforms.’(谷歌的音乐研究员Sarah Kim博士说：‘这项工作真的很有创新性。个性化的音乐体验可以改变我们与音乐平台的互动方式。’)”可知，现有的算法采用一刀切的方式，不能很好地捕捉个人聆听行为的细微差别，而新的人工智能系统能更准确地识别音乐偏好模式，所以被认为有创新性。故选A项。
3. 细节理解题。根据第一段中“However, there are also concerns that such systems could potentially track users’ listening habits in ways that compromise privacy.(然而，也有人担心，这样的系统可能会以侵犯隐私的方式追踪用户的聆听习惯)”可知，关于这项新AI系统的主要担忧是它可能通过追踪聆听习惯侵犯用户隐私。故选B项。
4. 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“ISMIR organizers found the study technically impressive but ethically questionable, and accepted it on the condition that the researchers detail the privacy risks.(ISMIR的组织者认为这项研究在技术上令人印象深刻，但在伦理上存在问题，并在研究人员详细说明隐私风险的条件下接受了这项研究)”可知，ISMIR组织者既认可技术方面又关注伦理问题，还要求研究人员说明隐私风险，由此可推断他们的态度是谨慎的。故选C项。
Passage 4
[2025江苏省泰州市海陵区江苏省泰州中学一模]
Indoor food growing operations are seeing both successes and failures in the United States. Some companies in the food industry are investing(投资) even as competitors fail.
California-based Plenty Unlimited this summer began working on $300 million indoor plants, while Kroger announced that it would be increasing its availability of vertically(垂直地) farmed produce. Meanwhile, two indoor farming companies that got strong backing—New Jersey’s AeroFarms and Kentucky’s AppHarvest—filed for financial failure and reorganization. And a five-year-old company in Detroit, Planted Detroit, shut its doors this summer.
The industry changes do not worry Jacob Portillo, a grower with Eden Green Technology, an indoor farming company. “The fact that other people are failing and other people are succeeding is going to happen in any industry you go to,” he said.
Indoor farming refers to growing crops indoors, which experts sometimes call “controlled environment agriculture”. There are different methods. One method called vertical farming involves putting produce from floor to ceiling, often under artificial lights and with the plants growing in nutrient-enriched water. Other growers are trying very large greenhouses, indoor beds of soil in big buildings and using special robots for parts of the farming process.
Supporters say growing indoors uses less water and land and permits food to be grown closer to consumers, saving on transport. Indoor growing is also a way to protect crops from increasingly extreme weather caused by climate change.
But critics question the sustainability (可持续性) of operations that can require a lot of energy for artificial lights. And they say paying for that light can make profitability impossible. Curt Covington of AgAmerica Lending, a private investment company centered on agriculture, is not convinced that indoor farming operations can work—except in special cases. Given the high cost of indoor operations, Covington said, “It’s just hard to be very profitable.”
1. What is Jacob Portillo’s attitude to the indoor food growing industry
A. Positive. B. Worried. C. Unclear. D. Doubtful.
2. What can we learn about indoor farming
A. It takes a lot of manpower to take care of plants.
B. It means growing plants in water instead of soil.
C. It protects crops from increasingly extreme weather.
D. It is different from controlled environment agriculture.
3. Why did Curt Covington question indoor farming operations
A. They produce little food. B. They carry great cost.
C. They need sunlight. D. They lack investors.
4. What is the best title for the text
A. What Types of Food Can Be Grown Indoors
B. How Can You Grow Food Indoors Without Soil
C. Indoor Farming Companies Take Agriculture Indoors
D. Indoor Food Growing Operations Face an Uncertain Future
【答案】1. A 2. C 3. B 4. D
【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。在美国，室内食品种植有成功也有失败。食品行业的一些公司在竞争对手失败的情况下仍在投资。文章主要说明了室内食品种植的现状以及人们对室内种植的看法，和室内种植不确定的前景。
1. 推理判断题。根据第三段“The industry changes do not worry Jacob Portillo, a grower with Eden Green Technology, an indoor farming company. “The fact that other people are failing and other people are succeeding is going to happen in any industry you go to,” he said. ( Jacob Portillo是伊甸园绿色科技公司的一名种植者，该公司是一家室内农业公司。他说：“别人失败，别人成功的情况在任何行业都会发生。”)”可推断，Jacob Portillo对室内食物种植业持“肯定”的态度。故选A。
2. 细节理解题。根据第五段“Indoor growing is also a way to protect crops from increasingly extreme weather caused by climate change. (室内种植也是一种保护作物免受气候变化引起的日益极端天气影响的方法)”可知，室内农业保护作物免受日益极端的天气影响。故选C。
3. 细节理解题。根据最后一段“Given the high cost of indoor operations, Covington said, “It’s just hard to be very profitable.” (考虑到室内运营的高成本，Covington说，“很难盈利。”)”可知，Covington质疑室内农业的运营是因为其成本太高。故选B。
4. 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Indoor food growing operations are seeing both successes and failures in the United States. Some companies in the food industry are investing (投资) even as competitors fail. (在美国，室内食品种植有成功也有失败。食品行业的一些公司在竞争对手失败的情况下仍在投资)”结合文章主要说明了室内食品种植的现状以及人们对室内种植的看法，和室内种植不确定的前景。故D选项“室内食品种植面临不确定的未来”最符合文章标题。故选D。
Passage 5
[2025安徽省合肥市高三上学期第一次教学质量检测]
Scientists with the BrainGate research center have developed a breakthrough brain-computer interface (BCI). The system aims to restore communication for individuals with speech disabilities caused by conditions like amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), which lead to the gradual loss of mobility and speech. It uses implanted sensors to interpret brain signals when a user attempts to speak, transforming them into text that is read aloud by a computer. The study, published in the New England Journal of Medicine on August 14, was led by David Brandman and Sergey Stavisky, faculty members at UC Davis Health.
ALS, also known as Lou Gehrig’s disease, affects nerve cells controlling muscle movement. BCI technology can restore communication for those affected. In this study, Casey Harrell, a 45-year-old man with ALS, regained the ability to communicate effectively within minutes of using the system. Harrell described the experience as life-changing, saying, “My past condition was so demoralizing. Not being able to communicate seems as if you were trapped. Something like this technology will help people get back into life and society.”
The BrainGate clinical trial, led by Dr. Leigh Hochberg from Brown University, has made major progress in interpreting brain signals to help people with paralysis(瘫痪) communicate. In July 2023, the UC Davis team implanted a BCI device into Harrell’s brain, focusing on the left precentral gyrus, a part of the brain that controls speech. The system translates brain activity into phonemes(音素) and words, enabling real-time communication. Harrell’s BCI generated speech with a voice similar to his own, using software trained with existing voice samples of his voice before he developed ALS. This allowed him to connect with his loved ones in a deeply personal way.
Over 32 weeks and 248 hours of use, the system achieved remarkable results, with 99.6% acéuracy for a 50-word vocabulary in 30 minutes of training and 90.2% accuracy for a 125,000-word vocabulary after 1.4 additional training hours. “This is transformative technology,” Brandman said. “It provides hope for people who want to speak but can’t.” Dr. John Ngai, director of the NIH’s BRAIN Initiative, highlighted the milestone as a major step in restoring communication for individuals locked in by paralysis.
1. What do we know about the BrainGate BCI
A. It is used to treat speech disabilities.
B. It translates brain signals into speech.
C. It helps people with ALS move and speak.
D. It connects brains to make computers smarter.
2. What does the underlined word “demoralizing” in paragraph 2 mean
A. Discouraging. B. Demanding. C. Comforting. D. Eye-opening.
3. Why was the speech composed in Harrell’s pre-ALS voice
A. To enable his communication in real time.
B. To make his speech emotionally meaningful.
C. To improve the accuracy of speech translation.
D. To help interpret his brain signals more easily.
4. What is Dr. John Ngai’s attitude towards the BrainGate BCI
A. Favourable. B. Unclear. C. Cautious. D. Dismissive.
【答案】1. B 2. A 3. B 4. A
【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了BrainGate研究中心的科学家们开发的一种突破性的脑机接口(BCI)系统，旨在帮助因渐冻症(ALS)等疾病导致言语障碍的人恢复交流能力。
1. 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“The system aims to restore communication for individuals with speech disabilities caused by conditions like amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), which lead to the gradual loss of mobility and speech. It uses implanted sensors to interpret brain signals when a user attempts to speak, transforming them into text that is read aloud by a computer.(该系统旨在为因肌萎缩侧索硬化症(ALS)等疾病导致行动能力和言语能力逐渐丧失的患者恢复交流能力。它利用植入的传感器来解读用户尝试说话时的大脑信号，并将这些信号转换成文本，最后由计算机朗读出来)”可知，BrainGate BCI系统的主要功能是将大脑信号转化为语音，帮助那些因疾病失去言语能力的人恢复交流能力。故选B。
2. 词句猜测题。根据下文“Not being able to communicate seems as if you were trapped.(无法交流就像被困住了一样)”可知，哈雷尔过去因为无法交流而感到非常沮丧和受挫，由此可知，“demoralizing”意思是“使沮丧的、使失去信心的”，与A项：Discouraging意思相近。故选A。
3. 推理判断题。根据第三段“Harrell’s BCI generated speech with a voice similar to his own, using software trained with existing voice samples of his voice before he developed ALS. This allowed him to connect with his loved ones in a deeply personal way.(哈雷尔的脑机接口使用在他患上ALS之前的语音样本训练的软件，生成了与他自己的声音相似的语音。这使他能够以非常个人化的方式与亲人交流)”可知，用哈雷尔患ALS前的声音来组成语音是为了使他能够以非常个人化的、富有情感意义的方式与亲人交流。故选B。
4. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Dr. John Ngai, director of the NIH’s BRAIN Initiative, highlighted the milestone as a major step in restoring communication for individuals locked in by paralysis.(美国国立卫生研究院(NIH)脑研究计划(BRAIN Initiative)主任约翰 奈博士强调，这一里程碑是恢复瘫痪患者交流能力的重要一步)”可知，Dr. John Ngai认为BrainGate BCI是恢复瘫痪患者交流能力的重要一步，这表明他对BrainGate BCI持支持态度。故选A。
Passage 6
[2025·浙江杭州·一模]
For many, travel isn’t just about the destination — it’s about making the most of the journey. However, for a lot of people, the journey is often ruined by an uncomfortable experience often accompanied by vomiting, known as motion sickness. If you’ve ever felt the unwelcome urge to vomit while reading or using your device in a moving vehicle, you’re not alone. Recognizing this common issue, Apple has stepped up to offer a revolutionary solution; the Vehicle Motion Cues feature for iPhones and iPads.
Motion sickness occurs when there is a disconnect between what your eyes see and what your body feels. When you’re in a moving vehicle, your body senses motion through its vestibular system (the inner ear), but if your eyes are focused on a still screen that doesn’t reflect this movement, the brain receives mixed signals. This sensory conflict can lead to dizziness, nausea, and overall discomfort - symptoms all too familiar to motion sickness sufferers.
Apple’s new Vehicle Motion Cues feature is designed to bridge this gap and bring relief to those likely to experience motion sickness. This revolutionary feature works by displaying animated dots, around the edges of your screen, which move at the same time and speed as the motion of your vehicle. These moving cues help keep the motion your body feels in line with what your eyes see, effectively reducing the sensory mismatch that causes motion sickness.
The magic lies in the simplicity and effectiveness. The animated dots move in consistency with the vehicle’s motion, providing a visual representation of the movement your body is experiencing. By matching the visual input with the physical sensations of motion, your brain is less likely to experience the confusion that leads to sickness.
Early reports and user feedback indicate that Vehicle Motion Cues is receiving high praise for its effectiveness. So next time you embark on a journey, whether short or long, remember that Apple’s got your back — or rather, your brain - helping you make the most of every mile with ease and comfort.
1. Which type of people can be interested in Vehicle Motion Cues
A. Frequent travelers. B. Book lovers.
C. Vehicle operators. D. Sport scientists.
2. What is paragraph 2 mainly about
A. The principle of Apple’s new design.
B. The cause of motion sickness.
C. The functions of Apples new design.
D. The symptoms of motion sickness.
3. By displaying animated dots around the screen, Apple’s Vehicle Motion Cues is able to_____.
A. ease sensory conflicts in the brain
B. tell the mismatched physical sensations
C. balance the movement of our eyes and body
D. increase the effectiveness of vehicle motion
4. Which can be the best title of the passage
A. Make the Most of Your Journey： Apple Bridges the. Gap
B. Find the Magic of a Moving Vehicle: Apple’s Got! Your Back
C. Enjoy Your Reading: Apple Offers a Revolutionary Solution
D. Say Goodbye to Motion Sickness: Apple Introduces Its New Design
【答案】1. A 2. B 3. A 4. D
【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍苹果公司新设计的Vehicle Motion Cue功能解决了人们晕车的问题。
1. 推理判断题。由文章第一段“However, for a lot of people, the journey is often ruined by an uncomfortable experience often accompanied by vomiting, known as motion sickness. If you’ve ever felt the unwelcome urge to vomit while reading or using your device in a moving vehicle, you’re not alone. Recognizing this common issue, Apple has stepped up to offer a revolutionary solution; the Vehicle Motion Cues feature for iPhones and iPads.(然而，对于很多人来说，旅途往往会被一种不舒服的体验所破坏，这种体验通常伴随着呕吐，被称为晕车。如果你曾经在阅读或在行驶的车辆中使用设备时感到不受欢迎的呕吐冲动，那么你并不孤单。认识到这一共同问题，苹果公司已经加紧提供革命性的解决方案；iPhone和iPad的Vehicle Motion Cue功能。)”可知，iPhone和iPad的Vehicle Motion Cue功能主要解决旅途中有晕动病，所以经常旅行的人可能会对Vehicle Motion Cue功能感兴趣。故选A项。
2. 主旨大意题。由文章第二段“Motion sickness occurs when there is a disconnect between what your eyes see and what your body feels. When you’re in a moving vehicle, your body senses motion through its vestibular system (the inner ear), but if your eyes are focused on a still screen that doesn’t reflect this movement, the brain receives mixed signals. This sensory conflict can lead to dizziness, nausea, and overall discomfort - symptoms all too familiar to motion sickness sufferers.(当你的眼睛看到的和你的身体感觉之间出现脱节时，就会发生晕动病。当你在移动的车辆中时，你的身体通过前庭系统(内耳)感知运动，但如果你的眼睛聚焦在一个没有反映这种运动的静止屏幕上，大脑会收到混合信号。这种感官冲突会导致头晕、恶心和整体不适——这些症状对晕车患者来说太熟悉了。)”可知，本段主要讲晕车的原因。故选B项。
3. 细节理解题。由文章第三段“Apple’s new Vehicle Motion Cues feature is designed to bridge this gap and bring relief to those likely to experience motion sickness. This revolutionary feature works by displaying animated dots, around the edges of your screen, which move at the same time and speed as the motion of your vehicle. These moving cues help keep the motion your body feels in line with what your eyes see, effectively reducing the sensory mismatch that causes motion sickness.(苹果公司新的Vehicle Motion Cue功能旨在弥合这一差距，并为那些可能患有晕动病的人带来缓解。这一革命性功能的工作原理是在屏幕边缘显示动画点，这些点与车辆的运动同时以相同的速度移动。这些移动的线索有助于使你的身体感觉与你的眼睛所看到的保持一致，有效地减少了导致晕车的感官不匹配)”可知，通过在屏幕周围显示动画点，苹果公司的Vehicle Motion Cues能够缓解大脑中的感官冲突。故选A项。
4. 主旨大意题。由文章第一段“However, for a lot of people, the journey is often ruined by an uncomfortable experience often accompanied by vomiting, known as motion sickness. If you’ve ever felt the unwelcome urge to vomit while reading or using your device in a moving vehicle, you’re not alone. Recognizing this common issue, Apple has stepped up to offer a revolutionary solution; the Vehicle Motion Cues feature for iPhones and iPads.(然而，对于很多人来说，旅途往往会被一种不舒服的体验所破坏，这种体验通常伴随着呕吐，被称为晕车。如果你曾经在阅读或在行驶的车辆中使用设备时感到不受欢迎的呕吐冲动，那么你并不孤单。认识到这一共同问题，苹果公司已经加紧提供革命性的解决方案；iPhone和iPad的Vehicle Motion Cue功能)”以及下文可知，文章介绍苹果公司的Vehicle Motion Cue功能能解决人们晕车问题。所以D项Say Goodbye to Motion Sickness: Apple Introduces Its New Design(告别晕车：苹果推出新设计)符合语境。故选D项。
Passage 7
[2025安徽省淮北市和淮南市高三上学期第一次质量检测]
Dutch startup Nuwa claims to have invented the “world’s most advanced pen” that digitizes (数字化) notes written by hand. The Groningen-based company today announced a fresh cash injection of ?1. 5 million to promote the development of the product, which uses an inbuilt camera system, motion sensors, and artificial intelligence to capture text written on paper.
“Just write, and Nuwa Pen digitizes, ” Marc Tuinier, Nuwa's CEO, told us. All the notes are then stored on the startup’s app. They can then be organized, shared, and integrated with other apps. A particularly fascinating feature is intelligent notes, which scans and identifies rich text items such as dates, to-dos, and phone numbers from the notes. Users can then link the data with, for instance, their calendar, to-do app, or phone book. The feature is integrated with over 50 apps. Nuwa compares it to a personal assistant that puts you on top of your schedule.
Nuwa is targeting the product at people who still enjoy writing with a pen and notebook. While many smart pens only work on screens or digital writing systems, Nuwa promises adaptability with every type of paper. The product also uses regular ink refills. “Other smart pen brands rely on special dotted paper to recognize what the user is writing, so you’ll also be stuck buying their paper, ” Tuinier said. “Nuwa Pen can be used on any paper. ”
The Nuwa system is built around tiny design. The device weighs just 28 grams — about as much as a single AA battery — but provides enough power for two hours of continuous writing. Three tiny cameras are used to digitize the text with 2 mm×2 mm sensors. All the data is then processed directly on the device. “Capturing handwriting from these sensors in the pen itself, while a pen is constantly moving, is an extremely difficult task to get right — and we’ve done it, ” Tuinier said. By combining the trusty old ballpoint pen with the digital world, Nuwa hopes that it can solve one of those needs. The device is now available for pre-order.
1. What is the primary function of the Nuwa Pen
A. Intergrating pens with other apps. B. Organizing handwritten notes digitally.
C. Combining all apps into a single platform. D. Providing a solution for personal schedules.
2. Who is the Nuwa Pen’s main target buyer
A. People who prefer typing over handwriting.
B. People who show interest in smart ink refills.
C. People who have an extra budget for paper purchase.
D. People who appreciate traditional pen and paper writing.
3. Why does the author list a series of numbers in the last paragraph
A. To show how portable the device is. B. To explain the structure of the cameras.
C. To demonstrate the device’s operating time. D. To describe the materials used in the device.
4. What is the author’s attitude towards the Nuwa Pen
A. Doubtful. B. Uncertain. C. Neutral. D. Enthusiastic.
【答案】1. B 2. D 3. A 4. C
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。荷兰初创公司Nuwa发明了“世界上最先进的笔”，它可以将手写的笔记数字化。文章介绍了这种笔的工作原理和优点等。
1. 细节理解题。根据文章第一句“Dutch startup Nuwa claims to have invented the “world’s most advanced pen” that digitizes (数字化) notes written by hand.(荷兰初创公司Nuwa声称已经发明了“世界上最先进的笔”，可以将手写的笔记数字化。)”可知，Nuwa笔的主要功能是数字化整理手写笔记。故选B项。
2. 细节理解题。根据第三段的句子“Nuwa is targeting the product at people who still enjoy writing with a pen and notebook.(Nuwa的目标客户是那些仍然喜欢用笔和笔记本写字的人。)”可知，Nuwa Pen的主要目标客户是喜欢用传统的纸和笔书写的人。故选D项。
3. 推理判断题。根据最后一段的句子“The Nuwa system is built around tiny design. The device weighs just 28 grams — about as much as a single AA battery — but provides enough power for two hours of continuous writing. Three tiny cameras are used to digitize the text with 2 mm×2 mm sensors.( Nuwa系统是围绕微小设计而构建的。这款设备的重量只有28克，大约相当于一节AA电池的重量，但它提供的电量足以连续书写两小时。三个微型相机用2个mm×2毫米的传感器将文本数字化。)”可知，作者在最后一段列出一系列数字是为了展示这种笔的小巧，说明这个设备的便携性。故选A项。
4. 推理判断题。本文介绍的是荷兰初创公司Nuwa发明的“世界上最先进的笔”，它可以将手写的笔记数字化。作者介绍了这种笔的工作原理和优点等，未表达自己的观点，所以作者的态度是中立的。故选C项。
高频话题03 人与社会—艺术
Passage 1
[2025广东省河源市高三毕业班下学期调研模拟测试(一)]
The animated film Ne Zha 2 , released in January 2025, has become a cultural icon in Chinese cinema. Directed by Jiaozi, it continues the journey of Ne Zha and Ao Bing, two mythological heroes who survived the “Heavenly Tribulation”(天劫) — a cosmic disaster threatening both humans and gods. Though their souls were saved by the immortal Taiyi Zhenren using a magical lotus, their physical bodies remain unstable. Taiyi must now rebuild their bodies with limited resources while overcoming unexpected obstacles.
The film’s core lies in character growth. Ne Zha, once known for his rebellion, learns to value friendship and self-acceptance. His companion Ao Bing, who once struggled with inner conflicts, transforms into a decisive leader. In a pivotal scene, Ao Bing declares, “If there’s no path, I’ll create one!” — a line symbolizing courage against adversity.
Visually, Ne Zha 2 blends traditional Chinese aesthetics(美学) with modern technology. It opens with breathtaking scenes: rivers of lava and giant sea monsters leaping from stormy waves. Later, the story shifts to Kunlun Mountain, a mythical realm with glowing forests and celestial beings. The climax features a battle using the Tianyuan Ding, a shape-shifting weapon, accompanied by fast-paced action and striking.
Beyond entertainment, the film explores universal values: bravery, justice, and loyalty. These themes resonate across generations, contributing to its record-breaking box office(票房) success and an 8.6/10 rating on review platforms. Critics praise its creative integration of cultural heritage and modern storytelling.
1. What is Taiyi Zhenren’s main task in the story
A. To teach Ne Zha how to control his powers.
B. To protect Kunlun Mountain from destruction.
C. To defeat sea monsters threatening the human world.
D. To rebuild the heroes’ bodies despite limited materials.
2. What does the “Heavenly Tribulation” most likely symbolize
A. A test of physical strength. B. A life-threatening disaster.
C. A conflict between two friends. D. A journey to find ancient artifacts.
3. The quote “If there’s no path, I’ll create one!” reflects ______.
A. Ao Bing’s transformation into a determined hero
B. the importance of teamwork in the film
C. Ao Bing’s initial fear of challenges
D. the technical innovation in animation design
4. What is the main purpose of the passage
A. To advertise Ne Zha 2 to international audiences.
B. To analyze the technical challenges in making Ne Zha 2.
C. To present the cultural and educational value of Ne Zha 2.
D. To compare Ne Zha 2 with other mythological films.
【答案】1. D 2. B 3. A 4. C
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了动画电影《哪吒2》的故事梗概、视觉效果及文化价值。
1. 细节理解题。根据第一段中“Taiyi must now rebuild their bodies with limited resources while overcoming unexpected obstacles.(太乙现在必须用有限的资源重塑他们的身体，同时克服意想不到的障碍)”可知，太乙真人的主要任务是在资源有限的情况下重塑哪吒和敖丙的身体。故选D。
2. 细节理解题。根据第一段中“Directed by Jiaozi, it continues the journey of Ne Zha and Ao Bing, two mythological heroes who survived the “Heavenly Tribulation” (天劫) — a cosmic disaster threatening both humans and gods.(由饺子执导，这部电影延续了哪吒和敖丙两位神话英雄的故事，他们经历了“天劫”——一场威胁着人类与神灵的宇宙灾难后幸存下来)”可知，“天劫”很可能象征着一种威胁人类和神灵的宇宙灾难，即一种危及生命的灾难。故选B。
3. 推理判断题。根据第二段中“His companion Ao Bing, who once struggled with inner conflicts, transforms into a decisive leader. In a pivotal scene, Ao Bing declares, ‘If there’s no path, I’ll create one!’—a line symbolizing courage against adversity.(他的同伴敖丙，曾经内心充满冲突，后来转变为一位果断的领导者。在关键的一幕中，敖丙宣称，“若前方没路，那我就踏出一条路！”——这句话象征着面对逆境时的勇气)”可知，敖丙从一个内心挣扎的人转变为一个果断的领导者，他的这句话“若前方没路，那我就踏出一条路！”反映了他成为一个坚定的英雄。故选A。
4. 推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是最后一句话“Beyond entertainment, the film explores universal values: bravery, justice, and loyalty. These themes resonate across generations, contributing to its record-breaking box office (票房) success and an 8.6/10 rating on review platforms.(除了娱乐性，这部电影还探讨了普遍的价值观：勇敢、正义和忠诚。这些主题跨越世代引起共鸣，为其打破票房纪录的成功和在评论平台上获得8.6/10的评分做出了贡献)”可推知，全文不仅介绍了电影的情节和视觉效果，还探讨了其传递的普遍价值观以及文化与教育意义。故选C。
Passage 2
[2025江苏省泰州市海陵区江苏省泰州中学一模]
Last Friday, a robot called EveR6 led an orchestra(管弦乐队) in a performance of Korean music at the National Theater of Korea. EveR 6 is about as tall as a person, and has a human-like face that can show emotions. Its joints(关节) allow it to move its arms quickly and smoothly in many different directions.
But EveR 6 doesn’t think on its own like some advanced Artificial Intelligence programs. Instead, it has a limited group of movements that it has been trained to perform. To make these movements as natural as possible, EveR 6’s movements are based on those captured from real human conductors.
In Friday’s performance, the National Orchestra of Korea presented a concert titled “Absence”. The concert included five different pieces of music. Two were conducted by EveR 6, and two were conducted by Soo-Yeoul Choi, who leads the Busan Philharmonic Orchestra. Both conductors worked together on the final piece.
Mr. Choi was impressed with the way EveR 6 moved. “The robot was able to present such detailed moves much better than I had imagined,” he said.
But Mr. Choi added that the robot’s biggest weakness is that it can’t hear. “Some people think that conducting is just a combination of hand waving and keeping the beat,” said Mr. Choi. “But a good conductor needs to listen to the orchestra, so that he or she can correct and encourage the orchestra as it plays.”
Mr. Choi and EveR 6 both conducted a piece of music called “Sense”. Instead of musical notes, EveR 6 had instructions for how to play the piece. The conductors and musicians had to work together to create the music. Mr. Choi communicated with the musicians while EveR 6 kept the beat. Mr. Choi said that once EveR 6 started, the musicians had “no choice but to follow its beats”.
Mr. Choi doesn’t think robots are likely to replace human conductors. But he believes robots could be helpful in situations like practice sessions where the same thing needs to be repeated many times.
1. What do we know about EveR 6 from the text
A. It is an experienced conductor. B. It has a lifelike appearance.
C. It is able to listen to music. D. It is much shorter than a person.
2. What does the underlined word “captured”in paragraph 2 mean
A. Stolen. B. Stopped. C. Recorded. D. Hidden.
3. What advantage does a human conductor have over EveR 6
A. Waving hands. B. Keeping the beat.
C. Having instructions. D. Communicating with musicians.
4. What is the text mainly about
A. A robot conducting an orchestra. B. An orchestra having performed in Korea.
C. Modern music combined with technology. D. Two conductors getting worldwide recognition.
【答案】1. B 2. C 3. D 4. A
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍的是机器人音乐指挥家EveR 6，介绍了其特点以及缺点。
1. 细节理解题，根据第一段“EveR 6 is about as tall as a person, and has a human-like face that can show emotions.(EveR 6和人一样高，有一张像人一样的脸，可以表达情绪)”可知，EveR 6有着栩栩如生的外
