高中英语 二轮专题复习 句法3-虚拟语气 课件

(共25张PPT)
虚 拟语 气
subjunctive mood
用 来 表 示说话人 的主 观愿望或假想， 而 不 表 示客 观存 在 的事 实 。
虚 拟语气 通过谓语动词的特 殊形式来 表 示 。 考点
If I were you, I would go to look for him.
什 么 是 虚拟语气 ？
1. 与if相关
2. 与愿望、 建议、 要求、 命令等相关 3.“要是 ……就好了/ 好像”
4. 其他形式
考 点 ： 动词的特 殊形式
虚 拟语气
if引导的非真实条件句
错综时间条件句
1. 与 if相关
代替if
省略if
主句谓语
主语+ could /should /might /would + do
主语+ could /should /might /would + have done
主语+ could /should /might /would + do
从句谓语
If+主语+did
If+主语+had done
If+主语+did
If+主语+were to +do If+主语+should+do
与现在事实相反
与过去事实相反
与将来事实相反
if 引 导 的 条 件 状语 从句 （ 非 真 实 ）
could（能够 ， 可以） should（应该）
might（可能）
would（会 ，将会）
【例1】 If I were a bird, I would fly in the sky.
If you were a panda, everybody would love you.
If we (是) billionaires, we _____________ (买) anything we like now.
从句谓语 主句谓语
与现在事实相反 If+主语+did （be动词用were）
主语+could /should /might /would+ do
从句谓语 主句谓语
与过去事实相反 If+主语+had done 主语+could /should /might /would+ have done
【例 2】 If I had got up early, I wouldn’t have been late.
If he had had her number, he would have called her.
【例 3】 If the students should study hard next semester, they would get a better grade.
If you should get/got/were to get a full score tomorrow, I would give you a billion dollars.
主句谓语
If+主语+did
主语+could /should /might /would + do
与将来事实相反
If+主语+should+do
If+主语+were to +do
从句谓语
从句谓语 主句谓语
与现在事实相反
If+主语+ 主语+could /should /might /would+
与过去事实相反
If+主语+ 主语+could /should /might /would+
与将来事实相反
If+主语+
If+主语+ 主语+could /should /might /would+
If+主语+
即时回 顾
if引导的非真实条件句
错综时间条件句
1. 与 if相关
代替if
省略if
主句谓语
主语+could /should /might /would+ do
主语+could /should /might /would+ have done
主语+could /should /might /would + do
你当初要是听我的，现在就不会失业了。
If you had listened to me before, you would not lose your job now.
【例】 If we had started earlier, we would catch the first train.
从句谓语
If+主语+did
If+主语+had done
If+主语+should+do If+主语+did
If+主语+were to +do
与现在事实相反
与过去事实相反
与将来事实相反

错综时间条件句
if引导的非真实条件句
错综时间条件句
1. 与 if相关
代替if
省略if
If you had come earlier, you would have met him.
→Had you come earlier, you would have met him.
If it weren't for the rain, I would be going hiking now.
→
________________________________________
如果条件从句中包含有had, were, should ，有时可把if省略掉， 把had, were, should放在主语前 ， 变成倒装句式。
“衣服”没了 ， 还得我说。
省 略if
if引导的非真实条件句
错综时间条件句
1. 与 if相关
代替if
省略if
不同的情况
主句谓语
对过去事实的虚拟
should /would / could / might + have done
对现在事实的虚拟
should /would / could / might + do
对将来事实的虚拟
should /would / could / might + do
【例1】 But for your help, I could not sit here and prepare for my mid-term examination.
【例2】 Without your help, I would have failed the exam last week.
介词或介词短语without/but for等 +名词结构代替if条件句表示的虚拟语气。
代替 if: (含 蓄 条件句 )

2. 与 愿望 、建议 、要 求 、命令等相关
表语或同位语从句
宾语从句
主语从句
(should) do
ask, require, request, demand, pray, insist, desire, maintain, propose, suggest, move, urge, advise, recommend, command, order, arrange, decide...
1坚持（要求 ） insist
2命令 command, order,
3建议 advise, suggest, propose
4要求 demand, ask, desire, urge
外加推荐和决定 recommend 和 decide
She demanded (that) the paper (should) be rewritten.
He insisted (that) the meeting (should) be put off.
They proposed (that) all the plans (should) be discussed at the meeting.
在一些表示建议、愿望、要求、请求、劝告、意志、欲望、命令、安排、决定等的动词的宾语从
句中 ，要用虚拟语气。 (should)do
1. suggest, require, order... + 宾 从
注意： suggest, insist 还可意为“暗示、表明”“坚持认为” ，此时从句的谓语动词使用陈述语气。
【例1】 The evidence suggests that single fathers are more likely to work than single mothers. 【例2】 He insisted that she was seriously ill .
形容词 ：advisable, desirable, preferable, better, incredible essential, important, necessary, urgent
possible, probable,
natural
strange
分词： 建议 proposed, suggested, advised, recommended
请求 demanded, required, requested
愿望 desired
命令 ordered, commanded
也可以是名词： it is a pity, it is a
wonder, it is a shame（ should可译 为 “竟然”）
在 It is +表示要求 、 建议 、 必要 、 命令等意思的形容词或分词+主语从句的结构中用虚拟语气。
(should)do
1. It's necessary that we (should) start to do the work right away.
2. It's urgent that we (should) send for a doctor at once.
3. It is a pity that she (should) call black white.
4. It is requested that students (should) return the books to the library before they are overdue.
advice, decision, idea, order, plan, proposal（提议） , recommendation（提议 建议） , suggestion, opinion, requirement（要求 需求） , direction（管理 指导） , policy（政策 方针）
在一些表示愿望 、 建议 、 要求 、 命令等意义的名词后的表语从句或同位语从句后， 谓语动词要
1. My opinion is that we (should) stay at home and study during this special period.
2. He made the request that the problem (should) be settled at once.
3.
(should)do
用虚拟语气。
不同情况
谓语
与过去事实相反
had done
与现在事实相反
did (be动词用were)
与将来事实相反
would/could + do
1. wish +宾语从句：“多希望...；要是...就好了”
2. if only 表示愿望 ：“要是...就好了”
3. as if 或 as though +从句：“仿佛 ，好像”
I wish you had come to my birthday party yesterday.
If only I would be there.
He speaks as if he were the manager.
（三 ） 表 示 “要 是 ...就好了 /好像 ”
1. would rather/had rather/would sooner/would just as soon/would prefer + 宾 语从句
2. lt’s (high/about) time + 从句
3. lest/for fear (that)/in case 引 导 的状语从句
4. had + expected/hoped/supposed, etc.引 导 的宾 语从句
（四 ） 虚 拟语气 的其 他形式
从句谓语
与过去事实相反
had done
与现在事实相反
did（ be 动词一般用 were）
与将来事实相反
【例1】 I’d rather you had seen the film yesterday.
【例2】 I’d rather you went tomorrow(now).
1. would rather/ had rather+宾语从句 “宁愿...”
（四 ） 虚 拟语气 的其 他形式
2. It’s (high/ about) time +从句 “到了该做...的时候了”
did 或 should + do （should 不可省）
It’s (high/about) time (that) we went to bed.
3. lest/ for fear (that)/ in case 引导的状语从句,表示担心、 忧虑 should+do
I'm telling you this lest you (should) doubt my sincerity.
Julia had to go on a diet for fear that she (should) lose her job as a model.
4. had +expected/ hoped/ supposed, etc 后宾从用虚拟语气: would + do 表过去未能实现的愿望：
He had hoped that he would do better in his work.